区块链对冷链物流有哪些影响,区块链对冷链物流的影响

随着科技的发展，冷链物流已经得到了广泛的应用，为了更好地改善冷链物流的效率，区块链技术的出现为冷链物流提供了新的发展机遇。本文将从三个方面来讨论区块链对冷链物流的影响：跨境物流、货物追踪和安全性。

1. 跨境物流

跨境物流是指跨越国界的物流活动，它包括货物的运输、仓储、报关、报检等环节。由于存在跨境的限制，传统的物流管理模式难以有效地解决跨境物流问题。区块链技术的出现为跨境物流提供了更有效的解决方案，它可以有效地管理跨境物流过程中的各种信息，提高物流效率。此外，由于区块链技术的不可篡改性，可以有效防止跨境物流过程中的数据篡改，保证物流数据的安全性。

2. 货物追踪

货物追踪是指在物流过程中，对货物的实时跟踪，以便更好地了解货物的位置、状态等信息。传统的物流管理模式存在货物追踪的瓶颈，使得货物追踪变得不够精准。区块链技术的出现，可以有效地解决货物追踪的问题，它可以实时追踪货物的位置、状态等信息，使得货物追踪变得更加精准。此外，由于区块链技术的不可篡改性，可以有效防止货物追踪过程中的数据篡改，保证货物追踪数据的安全性。

3. 安全性

安全性是指物流过程中的数据、信息安全性。传统的物流管理模式存在安全性瓶颈，使得物流过程中的数据、信息容易受到篡改，从而影响物流效率。区块链技术的出现，可以有效地解决物流过程中的安全性问题，它可以有效地保护物流过程中的数据、信息，使得物流过程中的数据、信息不易受到篡改，从而提高物流效率。

总之，区块链技术的出现为冷链物流提供了新的发展机遇，它可以有效解决冷链物流中的跨境物流、货物追踪和安全性问题，从而提高冷链物流的效率。

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❶What does blockchain mean?

Blockchain is a term in the field of information technology.

Essentially, it is a shared database. The data or information stored in it has the characteristics of "unforgeable", "full traces left", "traceable", "open and transparent" and "collectively maintained". . Based on these characteristics, blockchain technology has laid a solid foundation of "trust" and created a reliable "cooperation" mechanism, which has broad application prospects.

Blockchain is a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm.

The Origin of Blockchain

Blockchain originated from Bitcoin. On November 1, 2008, a person claiming to be Satoshi Nakamoto ) published the article "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System", which elaborated on the architectural concept of an electronic cash system based on P2P network technology, encryption technology, timestamp technology, blockchain technology, etc., which marked the The birth of coin.

Two months later, the theory came into practice, and on January 3, 2009, the first genesis block with serial number 0 was born. A few days later, block number 1 appeared on January 9, 2009, and was connected to the genesis block number 0 to form a chain, marking the birth of the blockchain.

❷ How does blockchain help the new retail supply chain?

The new retail supply chain requires digital logistics information integration capabilities, independent equipment, intelligent warehousing conditions, and standardization quality control management. The distributed accounting of the smart cloud blockchain can read logistics information at will. It does not need to be attached to the existing digital center, saving data cloud costs. At the same time, it can achieve more efficient information integration and fiber sales collaboration.

❸ How to define blockchain and what are the application scenarios of blockchain?

Nowadays, many people think that blockchain is a universal technology that can do anything, which is somewhat different. Blockchain technology is a myth!
Regarding the definition of blockchain technology, American scholar Melanie Swann defined blockchain technology as an open, transparent and decentralized technology in her book "Blockchain: A New Economic Blueprint and Introduction" database.

Definition of Blockchain: Narrow VS Broad

As for the application scenarios of blockchain technology, it is natural to combine the differences between blockchain and other technologies. In terms of system characteristics.

Blockchain technology features include:

Blockchain is a global A database storage system that can be operated collaboratively in various places is different from traditional database operations where read and write permissions are in the hands of a company or a centralized authority (a characteristic of centralization). Blockchain believes that anyone with the ability to set up a server can participate. fromNuggets around the world have deployed their own servers locally and connected to the blockchain network to become a node in this distributed database storage system; once added, the node enjoys exactly the same rights as all other nodes. Obligation (decentralized, distributed characteristics).

At the same time, people who provide services on the blockchain can perform read and write operations on any node in the system. In the end, all nodes around the world will complete the process again and again according to a certain mechanism. Synchronize in sequence to achieve complete consistency of data in all nodes in the blockchain network.

At the beginning of this year, the term blockchain began to enter everyone’s lives. From national leaders to aunts who dance square dances, everyone knows this term. This term is widely known by Bit Brought by coins.

As we all know, the first few dozen bitcoins could only be exchanged for one pizza. At its peak, it was more than 20,000 US dollars each, which has skyrocketed by more than a thousand times, which has also benefited a large number of wealthy people. Currently, there are blockchain The virtual currency generated by technology is gradually entering into everyone's life, and many people have joined the ranks of currency speculation. I often hear people say that if you buy the right currency a hundred times, a bicycle will become a sports car, and one coin will turn a young model. You can imagine how many of them are involved. Attractive.

Since 2008, various games applying blockchain technology have also become popular, such as development games (Network Letts Dog, 360 Block Cat), mining games (NetEase Planet, Virtual Earth, Gongxinbao), these are attracting everyone to join in the name of blockchain, and of course there are some that are really reliable, which requires everyone to identify them carefully.

Blockchain is a distributed ledger (database) that connects data blocks in an orderly manner and cryptographically ensures that it cannot be tampered with or forged. technology. In layman's terms, blockchain technology can achieve openness, transparency, non-tampering, non-forgery, and traceability of all data information in the system without the need for third-party endorsement. As an underlying protocol or technical solution, blockchain can effectively solve the problem of trust and realize the free transfer of value. It has broad prospects in the fields of digital currency, financial asset transaction settlement, digital government affairs, and certificate deposit and anti-counterfeiting data services.

Digital currency

After experiencing physical objects, precious metals, banknotes and other forms, digital currency has become the development direction of the digital economy era. Compared with physical currency, digital currency has the characteristics of easy portability and storage, low circulation cost, convenient use, easy anti-counterfeiting and management, breaking geographical restrictions, and better integration.

Bitcoin technically implements an electronic cash system in which both parties to the transaction can directly transfer funds to each other without the need for third-party transfer or arbitration. In June 2019, the Internet giant Facebook also released a white paper on its cryptocurrency Libra. Whether it is Bitcoin or Libra, the underlying technology they rely on is blockchain technology.

my countryThe development of a central bank digital currency began as early as 2014. my country's digital currency DC/EP adopts a two-tier operating system: the central bank does not directly issue digital currency to the public. Instead, the central bank redeems the digital currency to various commercial banks or other legal operating institutions, and then these institutions exchange it for public supply. its use. In early August 2019, the central bank held a video conference on work for the second half of the year. The meeting called for accelerating the pace of research and development of the national legal digital currency.

Financial asset transaction settlement

Blockchain technology naturally has financial attributes, and it is causing disruptive changes in the financial industry. In terms of payment and settlement, under the blockchain distributed ledger system, multiple market participants jointly maintain and synchronize a "general ledger" in real time. Payment, clearing, and settlement that currently take two or three days can be completed in just a few minutes. tasks, reducing the complexity and cost of cross-bank and cross-border transactions. At the same time, the underlying encryption technology of the blockchain ensures that participants cannot tamper with the ledger, ensuring that transaction records are transparent and safe. Regulators can easily track transactions on the chain and quickly locate high-risk capital flows. In terms of securities issuance transactions, traditional stock issuance has long procedures, high costs, and complex links. Blockchain technology can weaken the role of underwriting institutions and help all parties establish fast and accurate information exchange and sharing channels. Issuers handle issuance on their own through smart contracts, and regulatory authorities With unified review and verification, investors can also bypass intermediaries and conduct direct operations. In terms of digital bills and supply chain finance, blockchain technology can effectively solve the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises. It is difficult for current supply chain finance to benefit small and medium-sized enterprises in the upper reaches of the industrial chain, because they often do not have direct trade relations with core enterprises, and it is difficult for financial institutions to evaluate their credit qualifications. Based on blockchain technology, we can establish a consortium chain network covering core enterprises, upstream and downstream suppliers, financial institutions, etc. The core enterprises issue accounts receivable vouchers to their suppliers. After the bills are digitized and uploaded to the chain, they can be uploaded to the supplier Transfer between them, each level of supplier can realize the corresponding amount of financing with the digital bill certificate.

Digital Government Affairs

Blockchain can make data run and greatly streamline the service process. The distributed technology of blockchain can allow government departments to be centralized on one chain, and all service processes are delivered to smart contracts. As long as the service personnel pass the identity authentication and electronic signature in one department, the smart contracts can be automatically processed and transferred, and the subsequent steps can be completed in sequence. All approvals and signatures. Blockchain invoice is the earliest application of domestic blockchain technology. The tax department launched the "Tax Chain" platform for blockchain electronic invoices. The tax department, the issuer, and the payee join the "Tax Chain" network through unique digital identities, truly realizing "instant invoicing for transactions" and "instant reimbursement after invoicing" - in seconds Level invoicing and minute-level reimbursement accounting significantly reduce tax collection and management costs, and effectively solve problems such as data tampering, over-reporting of one ticket, and tax evasion. Poverty alleviation is another practical application of blockchain technology. Utilize the openness, transparency, traceability, and non-tampering characteristics of blockchain technology to achieve transparent use of poverty alleviation funds,Precise delivery and efficient management.

Evidence-based anti-counterfeiting

Blockchain can prove the existence of a file or digital content at a specific time through hash timestamps, and it is open, non-tamperable, and traceable. It provides perfect solutions for judicial forensics, identity certification, property rights protection, anti-counterfeiting and traceability, etc. In the field of intellectual property, the digital signature of blockchain technology and on-chain certificates can confirm the rights of text, pictures, audio and video, etc., and create and execute transactions through smart contracts, allowing creators to regain pricing power and preserve data formation in real time. The evidence chain covers the three major scenarios of rights confirmation, transaction and rights protection. In the field of anti-counterfeiting and traceability, blockchain technology can be widely used in various fields such as food and medicine, agricultural products, alcohol, and luxury goods through supply chain tracking.

Data services

Blockchain technology will greatly optimize existing big data applications and play a huge role in data circulation and sharing. In the future, the Internet, artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things will generate massive amounts of data. The existing centralized data storage (computing model) will face huge challenges. Edge storage (computing) based on blockchain technology is expected to become a future solution. Furthermore, the non-tampering and traceability mechanism of blockchain ensures the authenticity and high quality of data, which becomes the basis for all data applications such as big data, deep learning, and artificial intelligence. Finally, blockchain can realize multi-party collaborative data calculations while protecting data privacy, and is expected to solve the problems of "data monopoly" and "data islands" and realize the value of data circulation. In response to the current blockchain development stage, in order to meet the blockchain development and application needs of general business users, many traditional cloud service providers have begun to deploy their own BaaS ("Blockchain as a Service") solutions. The combination of blockchain and cloud computing will effectively reduce enterprise blockchain deployment costs and promote the implementation of blockchain application scenarios. In the future, blockchain technology will also play an important role in many fields such as charity, insurance, energy, logistics, and the Internet of Things.

The three words "blockchain" were completely ignited during the Spring Festival that just passed. The limelight overshadowed everything. Some people said that this was the arrival of a new era. The past It has become a classic, and some people say that it is all hype and is ultimately a bubble.

In fact, blockchain technology is not a new concept. It has been applied to many industries, such as electronic signatures, as early as the past two years. Recently, the third-party electronic signature platform eShanbao revealed the latest progress of blockchain applications to NewSeed.

Currently, blockchain technology is mainly used in e-signing products for certificate deposit and certificate issuance. The application scenarios include copyright protection and online signing. , web page forensics, phone recording, email storage of evidence, etc.

Taking online works rights protection as an example, due to theOnline rights protection generally adopts the method of collecting evidence after the fact, and does not conduct real-time confirmation of rights during the generation of evidence. Therefore, the entire rights confirmation process is time-consuming, difficult and costly to collect evidence, and extremely difficult to prove and trace the source. It cannot satisfy the dissemination of online works. Fast and large quantity.

eShanbao's new intellectual property protection solution based on timestamp + blockchain starts from the user's real-name authentication and solidifies the information generated in the process in real time. Electronic data, and through the time source service synchronized with the National Time Service Center, online works are stamped with legally valid timestamps to prove that electronic files have not been tampered with in a certain period of time. Blockchain technology can establish point-to-point trust in the network, ensuring that all blockchain nodes can record complete copyright confirmation and transaction records, and can trace their origins, truly realizing anti-repudiation and anti-tampering, and realizing a kind of distribution. trust infrastructure.

Founder and CEO Jin Hongzhou believes that the application of decentralized blockchain technology has greatly improved the efficiency of data storage and certification, and The credibility of the identity of the parties reduces the cost of trust, but it cannot replace the original centralized public key encryption technology. The two should complement each other. Through the combination of the two, it can provide users with real-time and reliable Confirmation plan.

Next, e-Shanbao will also focus on building a smart contract platform based on blockchain technology. Jin Hongzhou said that data storage, Issuing certificates is only a relatively superficial application based on blockchain technology. It is the first step to implement blockchain technology, and the realization of real smart contracts is the second step. "Smart contracts cannot simply be understood as electronic contracts. They refer to a process, from the conclusion of the contract to the confirmation to the final execution." Jin Hongzhou explained.

From a technical perspective, blockchain is not a brand-new technology, but a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanisms, encryption algorithms, and smart contracts. Specifically, blockchain technology is a technical solution that collectively maintains a reliable database in a decentralized, high-trust manner.

Due to its advantages such as "decentralization", "distributed data storage", "traceability", "anti-tampering", and "openness and transparency", blockchain technology can effectively solve data problems. By establishing a trustworthy data management environment, we can prevent and avoid various data management problems such as data fraud, tampering, and loss, and promote the efficient sharing and application of data. In the process of practice and exploration, the application scope of blockchain technology continues to expand, especially in the field of public resource transactions, and continues to empower public resource transaction management services.

Promote transaction data sharing and transaction witnessing

Promote transaction data sharing

Currently, the data of different trading centers are not interoperable, and the subject information of different trading centers needs to be repeatedly entered and provided by bidders during the bid evaluation process. Problems include difficulty in verifying off-site performance, difficulty in troubleshooting when the same person serves as project manager repeatedly, and low cost of breach of trust by trading entities. Establishing a cross-regional subject database based on blockchain can well alleviate the above problems.

The distributed ledger feature based on the blockchain can effectively ensure the real-time or quasi-real-time sharing of data, and can reduce the repeated entry of subject information; the use of blockchain information that cannot be tampered with can ensure the data circulation process on the chain. The authenticity of the bidders in the regional alliance is directly obtained from the on-chain data, making it impossible to hide the fake performance. At the same time, the sharing of bidding behavior data through the blockchain provides a data basis for the development of "joint punishment of dishonest enterprises".

Blockchain-based transaction witness

"Guiding Opinions on Deepening the Integration and Sharing of Public Resource Trading Platforms" ( The State Office Letter [2019] No. 41) pointed out the need to optimize services such as witnessing, venues, information, files, and expert extraction. However, at present, public resource transaction process witnessing is mainly based on manual on-site witnessing, which has limited witnessing intensity, high occupation of human resources, and limited witnessing effect. Due to its centralized characteristics, the traditional digital witness system is prone to data tampering, and the data is easily damaged or lost during the storage and migration process, which has certain flaws in terms of security and usability.

Utilize the distributed, difficult to tamper, and traceable characteristics of the blockchain to solidify and store the data generated in each transaction link, and accurately record the data generated through time stamp technology, summary algorithm, and electronic signature technology. Time, content, data source. According to the technical characteristics of the blockchain, simple structured data can be directly saved on the blockchain. For unstructured layout files, videos, audio and other large files, the summary information and original files can be saved through the blockchain. Save via a distributed file storage service. When there are disputes or problems in a transaction, the blockchain can provide a set of credible transaction process data and clarify the responsibilities of all parties involved in the transaction. Achieve the goals of risk prevention and control in all aspects, traceability of the entire process, and improvement of all-round services.

Promote the rationalization of electronic guarantee rates

Promote financial services and corporate financing for bidding companies

Promote the rationalization of electronic guarantee rates

At present, electronic bidding deposit guarantee letters have certain applications in the field of bidding, solving the problem of bidding deposit funds for bidding companies. Occupancy issues. However, because each financial institution currently does not have reliable bidder historical bidding behavior data, it is impossible to predict whetherThe judgment of the default risk of different bidders results in the adoption of fixed rates for the guarantee services charged by bidders, so that the guarantee costs of a small number of bidders with high default risk are allocated to the majority of bidders with low default risk. To a certain extent, The rate of guarantee letters for most bidders has been increased.

At present, it is up to the bidder to choose whether to use an electronic letter of guarantee, and the rate is the main choice basis for the bidder. If the bidder performance records are shared through the blockchain and the performance risks of different bidders are analyzed, it will be Different bidders provide different guarantee rates, which not only reduces the risks of financial institutions, but also reduces the use costs of most bidders and promotes the use of bid guarantees. To a certain extent, it can also encourage bidders to abide by their promises and maintain the order of the bidding market. .

Promote financial services for bidding companies

The bidding behavior of bidders is scattered in various trading centers, and the data is simply aggregated In a centralized information system, there is a risk of data tampering (untrustworthy), and valuable bidder transaction behavior data cannot be gathered and shared safely and reliably. Through blockchain technology, bidders from multiple trading centers are gathered, and historical bidding, winning bids, defaults, violations and other behavioral records provide data support for financial institutions to evaluate the bidders' credit in the bidding sub-sector.

Solving the financing problems of successful bidders

Traditional corporate loans mainly evaluate the company's solvency: collateral, audit There are requirements for accurate financial statements and sustained profitability, but most small and medium-sized enterprises cannot provide these "proofs" at all. Difficulty and expensive financing have become problems faced by many small and medium-sized enterprises in bidding activities. Using the methods of the past will no longer work. To solve the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises, we can only rely on new technologies and new tools. With the help of the non-tamperable characteristics of blockchain, primary business data from multiple trading centers are gathered, and big data analysis technology is combined to build a portrait of a credible bidder. On the one hand, it improves the risk control level of financial institutions and taps high-quality bidding companies. On the other hand, it lowers the loan threshold for bidding companies and optimizes the service experience.

Drawing on the supply chain finance model, the bidder is a core enterprise with good credit in government departments, national enterprises and institutions, and the winning contract obtained by the winning bidder as a supplier is considered by financial institutions to be a high-quality asset. Apply for a loan from a financial institution. Under the traditional paper-based model, there is a risk of order and contract fraud and the process is cumbersome. Centralized information systems require operators to have strong authority. The distributed ledger and difficult-to-tamper characteristics of the blockchain will help solve the above problems. The contract signing between the tenderer and the bidder and the subsequent financial service links will be realized on the blockchain, which not only solves the problem of data trustworthiness but also reduces the risk of corruption. The entire system relies on a centralized authority.

Through further analysis, we found that credit sales are currently prevalent among domestic enterprises, and there is a funding gap among upstream suppliers of successful bidders.The credit of the tenderer can only be passed to the winning bidder (the winning contract cannot be split or transferred), and upstream suppliers cannot obtain high-quality loans from financial institutions. If the winning contract is converted into a "pass" on the chain, the "pass" can be split, and the winning bidder holding the "pass" can pay part or all of the voucher to the upstream supplier, making it discountable and financing. The "tokens" on the chain can be split and transferred from first-level suppliers to second-level (and multi-level) suppliers, thereby allowing core enterprise credit to be transferred to multi-level suppliers. The shortage of funds from suppliers due to credit sales has been solved, improving the business environment; through value transfer through the blockchain, the financing cycle has been greatly shortened; the cost of supplier loans has been reduced, which will help reduce the production costs of raw materials or intermediate products, and ultimately Increase bidders' profit margins and indirectly reduce bidders' costs.

Regarding blockchain, we can imagine a decentralized management model and technical processing method.

Let me give you an example. There are five people in your family, and they have never been able to figure out how to arrange work and handle family relationships.

So, you and your family discuss it together and simply use voting to solve the problem.

Then this way of voting to solve problems can be called the most elementary blockchain.

Decentralization solves problems.

What application scenarios can blockchain have?

In fact, many of our families and many organizations use blockchain management forms every day

However, this kind of blockchain application for organizational relationships cannot produce Economic Value.

What are the economic applications of blockchain?

The first type is used for tax deposit certificates, bank transfers, etc.

Make full use of the traceability function of the blockchain so that all records can be retrieved and queried at any time

The second type is applied to enterprise operation and management

Enterprises using blockchain management can better solve the problems of enterprise development and allow enterprises to Able to develop faster and make more money.

Summary: The application scenarios of blockchain include taxation, bank transfers, etc., and can also be applied to business operations.

The characteristics of blockchain are distributed accounting and decentralization, but the ultimate goal is to make people get along more equally. Technology is meaningful only when it serves human values, and technology that meets human value needs will develop. Therefore, blockchain is in line with human pursuit of freedom and equality, so its trend to become mainstream is unstoppable.

Currently, there are many blockchain gimmicks, which are basically used to issue coins. The newly launched ono is a decentralized, free and global social platform. due to decentralization, your chat communication information is point-to-point and cannot be viewed by others. In other words, your every word and deed will no longer be recorded and reviewed at any time like it is now on WeChat, QQ, and Facebook, freeing you from the trouble of surveillance.

In fact, blockchain technology can be used in any field. Information that previously required third-party confirmation can be completed online and confirmed at multiple nodes, making it difficult (almost impossible) to delete.

At present, blockchain is still in its infancy, and the technology is not mature enough, but it is also a better time to enter.

Blockchain is a decentralized technology. Blockchain can be applied to all products currently covered by the Internet.

The most popular application industry at present is the financial industry.

An application that has been implemented is product traceability. Alibaba and JD.com are already using blockchain technology to fully trace the origin of some of the products they sell. Consumers can trace the origin of the purchased products. There are also many blockchain applications in the digital advertising industry. Since traffic fraud in digital advertising causes losses of tens of billions of dollars every year, there are already blockchain application projects based on digital advertising, such as DCAD, which is based on blockchain. The digital advertising application of blockchain technology mainly solves the problem of traffic fraud

In the future, as the application of blockchain technology becomes more mature, it will be applied in many industries, creating a new ecosystem based on technological trust. Mode

What is blockchain

If you explain blockchain in non-technical terms, blockchain is a place where data is stored. However, the data stored in the blockchain is safe and reliable and does not need to be managed by anyone. Therefore, in the Internet, a place where data and information are exploding, having such a place will be like a magical treasure land.

What can the blockchain do?

If you ask what the blockchain can do, it is better to say what applications require the use of the blockchain. As mentioned earlier, blockchain is a safe place, so wherever data needs to be protected securely on the Internet, blockchain technology needs to be used. For example:

Because the use of blockchain technology can better protect the data of policyholders, in today’s Internet, data is value and wealth, so value protection and value transmission are the future development directions of the Internet. And blockchain technology can really do just that.

If there are any deficiencies, you are welcome to comment and correct me.

In a narrow sense, blockchain is a chained data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is cryptographically guaranteed to be non-tamperable and non-tamperable. Fake distributed ledger.

The two parties involved in the transaction do not need to know who the other party is, nor do they need a third party for trust endorsement. They only need to trust a common algorithm to establish mutual trust and conduct direct transactions.

Its characteristic is thatTrustless and decentralized, the destruction of each node's ledger has no impact on the entire blockchain. The blockchain runs point-to-point payments without a center that may cheat. Security is greatly improved, and the entire transaction network changes from a star structure. It has become a peer-to-peer P2P structure.

In the future, blockchain will be used in many fields and will have a great impact on human life. It can be widely used in fields ranging from digital currency to securities and financial contracts, medical care, games, artificial intelligence, smart contracts, Internet of Things, e-commerce, file storage and other fields.

1. Cloud storage

This is the statistics of current cloud storage on the Internet. In terms of volume, Google has the largest volume, which is 8,000PB. So what if we share the idle data on the Internet?

Starlight Cloud builds a blockchain data computing and storage lake through Starlight Chain, with a total storage capacity of 15,000P (approximately 15.72864 billion G) in the future. This will be more than 10 times that of Alibaba Cloud's 1500PB! It is also more than four times the size of the Taizhou Storage Center, the largest storage lake in the world after expansion.

2. Medical aspects

Using blockchain technology to save personal medical records also retains personal medical historical data, which can be used when seeing a doctor or planning for your own health in the future. Historical data can be called directly. These data are highly private, and the use of blockchain technology also helps protect patient privacy.

❹ What role does blockchain play in new retail?

Zhifu Beihuiyun Blockchain can produce three relatively certain technologies for new retail. Empowerment: Optimize supply chain management, product traceability, and consumer identity confirmation. Among them, Songting is a direct technical support for modern logistics, and the effect is even more prominent. Leading e-commerce platforms such as Tmall and JD.com have many businesses that have maturely used blockchain technology, such as Moutai Yeyu anti-counterfeiting, etc.

❺ New opportunities and challenges for blockchain enterprise applications

New opportunities and challenges for blockchain enterprise applications
New technologies come from the combination of existing technology modules. Once the power of the economy is superimposed, it will stimulate exponential growth in the economy. The economy is an expression of technological evolution.

Blockchain is actually a combination of several technologies, including peer-to-peer communication (P2P), distributed ledgers (also known as distributed storage), asymmetric encryption, etc. Once these technologies are combined, they will have a great impact on some new business models and economic forms, and these impacts are being revealed - now the world has entered an era called global automation, which is the fourth stage of our current informatization. stage.
We can call the Internet era that started in the 1990s to the era represented by social media such as FacebookBe in the pre-Internet era, that is, the first half of the Internet economy. The core of the rules in this first half is to improve productivity. Many technologies do not actually change the shape of enterprises and the economy. They achieve economic leaps by improving productivity. Now the new rules are called the era of automated global network economy. The core of the rules is to enhance connections and improve production relations, such as the sharing economy that has opened up a new business form. However, the current form of the sharing economy is still an economic model built with centralized Internet companies as the core. The current shared bicycles and Didi are a one-way economic model. In fact, they do not feed back the growth and improvement of value to users.
The global era of automation not only requires productivity-enhancing technologies such as artificial intelligence, blockchain edge computing, etc., but more importantly, it requires a new model to improve production relations. Blockchain is actually such a new technology that can bring a new shift in business models to everyone.
So the future is here. Among the current eight core technologies, including blockchain, Internet of Things, augmented reality, virtual reality, artificial intelligence, robots, drones, 3D printing, etc., only blockchain has made improvements. Production relations, technologies that enhance connections.
Microsoft believes that technologies such as mixed reality, artificial intelligence and quantum computing are revolutionary new technologies that will continue to improve productivity in the future. But in fact, blockchain is not a new technology. It is just a combination of existing technologies. Its value lies in creating a trustworthy platform. As Alan Weber, founder of Fast Company, said: The new economy starts with technology and ends with trust.
In November 2015, the cover of The Economist magazine was called trustmachine, which is the machine of trust, the promise of blockchain. In fact, it is announced from this perspective: Blockchain technology is actually the core technology of the future Internet 3.0. This technology will gradually be transmitted to many aspects of the entire social and economic life through upper-layer applications, providing support for many business models, industry operations and governance systems. Bring innovation. Blockchain builds a new type of Internet with value as the core, rather than the old generation Internet with information as the core.
2 Blockchain+ vs. Internet+
Blockchain integrates trust mechanisms and technology and will bring great changes to the world.
In the Web 1.0 era before 2005, e-commerce portal entrepreneurs basically used a large portal to start their business in a one-to-many manner.
The Web 2.0 era is the era of social networks and sharing economy, but in this ecosystem, core enterprises are still centralized, monopolizing user relationships and large amounts of data, enjoying the value of user contributions, and being able to decide rules at will. In this case, the so-called Internet + is an information model that is harmful to traditional enterprises.
The Web 3.0 era is a new global commons based on the blockchain value network.The sharing economy is decentralized, so there will be no oligopoly monopoly on innovation, interactions will be more spontaneous, the scope of collaboration will be wider, and the impact will be more comprehensive and deeper.
Therefore, the best way to digitally transform and upgrade traditional enterprises or industries is not Internet+, but Blockchain+. Because Internet+ still needs to rely on a centralized, classical Internet enterprise. Although companies like Alibaba, Tencent, JD.com, and Xiaomi are now at their peak, they are still essentially centralized enterprises. They formulate the rules of the game in the ecosystem and monopolize customer relationships and data.
We call blockchain+ web3.0, which actually has a higher dimension than traditional Internet companies and Internet ecological companies. When information was scarce in the past, it was necessary to build a hierarchical structure and center to improve the overall information transmission efficiency. But when there is enough information, the network of peer-to-peer relationships (P2P) will gradually replace it, and when these networks of peer-to-peer relationships are connected together, a high-dimensional additive value network can be formed. . Enterprises formed based on this network system are called consensus economic social enterprises.
The high-dimensional business model of blockchain+ has a stronger future-oriented imagination than the existing Internet ecosystem or companies such as Internet+ enterprises. Let’s review most traditional companies: one-dimensional companies are engaged in engineering, and their main business models are actually rent-seeking, resource monopoly, and customer relations; two-dimensional product companies have certain product development and marketing capabilities, but this Both are company forms in the industrial economy era. Its value curve is linear. If you invest one, you will get one, and if you invest ten, you will get ten. Therefore, a company like Jack Ma with a market value of hundreds of billions of dollars actually conforms to the traditional neoclassical economic growth pattern due to so many years of accumulation, and its marginal returns are diminishing.
At Sanwei Internet Service Company, due to the addition of online service dimensions, data value-added services began to be provided. Its core is low-cost customer coverage, which reduces the service cost to customers, so its adaptability can be higher than In two dimensions, the price-to-earnings ratio of a company in this form can be as high as more than twenty times. The third-dimensional company can further open up the API and allow third parties to develop more applications on its platform. At the same time, it can connect service providers and users to form an online market. This constitutes a platform company. Platform The company's price-to-earnings ratio can exceed forty times.
When platform companies further open up their capabilities, combine resources such as data network brands and users with investment services, and empower partners, they will become Internet ecological enterprises like BAT. This ecosystem The price-to-earnings ratio of Internet companies in a centralized cluster may even exceed 100 times.
This is why these companies are desperately advocating Internet +. In fact, Internet+ does not create new value for traditional enterprises. It just uses the star-attracting method to absorb all the data, customer relationship channels, etc. of traditional enterprises.Go to the Internet ecosystem company. They only play a subversive role in traditional enterprises, but they do not create greater value for society. They are still a value ecosystem with their own enterprises as the core.
Everyone has contributed to Jack Ma’s company for so many years, and has continuously contributed so many transactions and data to support his corporate price-earnings ratio. If you think this is not a particularly fair way, then we now have a new business model, which is blockchain. Through the blockchain + industry, an alliance ecosystem is formed, that is, the alliance chain. Even if it does not issue coins, it can have a higher dimension than existing Internet companies, because it is a cross-organization and cross-platform industry-oriented business processes, a secure distributed sharing, which will completely subvert the traditional enterprise ownership model.
The blockchain uses consensus mechanisms and beliefs to connect enterprises, which forms an industry chain, a decentralized social enterprise owned by the whole people, and can embed trust and security mechanisms without the need for a third party. In the autonomous agreement of the entire industry chain, the data of all relevant parties will be respected and protected on the chain. At the same time, if C-side users can be added in the future, and then through digital currencies, certificates or tokens, new business model dimensions can be added and greater value space can be opened up. That is to say, all businesses are combined with B2C business to form an industry palace for all employees.
This is what we call the bright future of the business model that blockchain 3.0 brings to everyone. It is completely based on a decentralized high-dimensional value network. I have listed for you some entrepreneurial project companies in this field, whether in distributed cloud storage, decentralized secure social networking, distributed identity management, distributed copyright and digital asset management, Internet of Things smart contracts, public governance There are many 3.0 creative innovation companies in fields such as anti-counterfeiting and anti-fraud, and digital market transaction prediction.
Three Opportunities and Challenges of Blockchain
Most of the projects currently implemented are relatively easy to combine finance and digital asset management due to the inherent properties of blockchain technology. However, in fact, we have also seen that traditional industries are also becoming more and more popular. There are more and more new opportunities to combine blockchain. This market will reach 176 billion US dollars by 2025, and will reach 3.1 trillion US dollars by 2030. This is actually a very, very huge number.
There are actually many strange entrepreneurial projects in China, but now the government has imposed some restrictions last year. However, in the future, the government will have some new compliance requirements for digital currencies, and will gradually relax restrictions on blockchain infrastructure.
2018 is a very critical year for enterprises to go online. This is equivalent to 20 years ago when you talked to companies about enterprise internet. It sounded like a fantasy and they didn’t know how to start. But those who started exploring the Internet for enterprises early were precisely the group of pioneers from around 1997 to 2000. They eventually became the trendsetters of the previous generation of classical Internet. Therefore, for traditional enterprises, 2018 is a veryVery critical opportunity.
The main application scenarios of blockchain + are actually nothing more than several areas based on the core technology of blockchain, such as digital identity management, digital asset management, development and deployment of distributed applications, and the development and deployment of smart contracts. Services, these four main application scenarios combine some characteristics of the industry to provide enterprises with application implementation services.
Four Theoretical Pioneers of Blockchain
So enterprises need to fully refresh their understanding and upgrade the underlying commercial operating system in this round of opportunities. There are some disruptive innovations here, giving traditional industries and the public the opportunity to counterattack the classical Internet. I have listed a few books here. If you have time, you can read them and have a deeper understanding of blockchain. Although some of these books were written in the 1930s and 1970s, classics always have guiding significance.

The most famous is Schumpeter's theory of economic development. He believed that innovation is the fundamental cause of economic development.
Then Thomas Kuhn proposed that the technological paradigm revolution is not continuous. At a certain stage, it will cause a new revolution. When the revolution comes, many traditional enterprises will die, but at the same time new technologies will establish Business models and economic forms will explode.
Christensen’s main contribution is of great significance to how traditional enterprises can seize opportunities, avoid the innovator’s dilemma, and embrace new opportunities to achieve transformation and innovation.
The British management guru, Charles Handy, his current book is called "The Second Curve", which mainly talks about how traditional enterprises can achieve leapfrog and transformation with the help of technological innovation and business model innovation.
5 Crossing the Second Curve

In terms of crossing the second curve, Microsoft’s own experience and lessons are actually worth learning from. Everyone knows that Microsoft was the overlord of the PC era. At that time, 76% of the industry's profits were divided between Microsoft and Intel. However, it also fell into the innovator's dilemma. It was the success of the PC that caused Microsoft to miss out on the mobile Internet. The opportunity has allowed companies such as Apple to overtake it, but Microsoft has not missed the opportunity of cloud computing. Microsoft's early layout in AI has given Microsoft a great lead in the world's smart cloud and blockchain. These experiences and lessons can be summarized to help traditional enterprises achieve digital transformation.
Microsoft has seized opportunities in artificial intelligence-led cloud computing, blockchain IoT edge computing, and mixed reality. The second curve has been achieved, and Microsoft will have some new layouts in the future, such as quantum computing, etc., which are some of Microsoft's own successful experiences. Of course, there are some lessons from failure. In terms of mobile Internet, Microsoft also acquired Nokia. In fact, Nokia is not worth acquiring at all, because Nokia has not crossed from the first curve to the second curve. In terms of mobile Internet, Nokia will be ignored by outsiders. Companies that have never done mobile Internet are easily defeated.
This kind of digital transformation of enterprise industries, or the conversion of old and new driving forces, mainly involvesIt is to help traditional enterprises connect with external entrepreneurs, incubate entrepreneurial projects through propositions, and achieve transformation and innovation. Therefore, a new innovative incubation method of enterprise outsourcing is needed. Because if the company does its own incubation, it will still be tied to the business trajectory of the first curve, so it can only be incremental innovation to improve the efficiency of existing products or services. For the second innovation, it needs to allow a certain space for trial and error, so it needs to use new methodologies to guide disruptive innovation.
It needs to be oriented towards value creation and growth, and cannot be tied to the current core business, because once tied to the current core business, all performance appraisal management mechanisms will fall into excessive path dependence, resulting in lock-in. In this case, it will not be able to jump out of the original business boundaries and will not be able to see changes in the external market. This is also the reason for Nokia's failure. Nokia strives for excellence in traditional mobile phones, and its management efficiency is very good. So when it was acquired by Microsoft, Nokia didn't know how it lost.
Nokia’s failure was actually due to its failure to see that disruption may not come from within your industry, but may also be intruders from the outside. That is to say, as said in "The Three-Body Problem": If I destroy you, it actually has nothing to do with you.
The second curve plan is to prevent traditional enterprises from falling into their own business development trajectories, so enterprises need transformation and customized accelerators to help them develop new business directions. And this requires a mechanism to guarantee, because the original internal incubation of enterprises comes from the internal organizational structure process, so we must use external incubation methods to directly recruit outside entrepreneurs to supplement fresh blood, and then achieve transformation and innovation through hybridization, and more importantly Focus on external markets and partners.
This will give entrepreneurs a great degree of freedom, and then encourage them with a high risk-reward ratio through the setting of company equity. As an enabler, the enterprise will provide business resources and start-up funds, but do not interfere too much in entrepreneurial projects. own operations and development. All companies need to do is observe, give feedback, and wait. If such a project can be hatched, it will be a great impetus for expanding corporate boundaries and activating corporate ecology.
Six application scenarios of blockchain
The following is a brief introduction to several blockchain application scenarios:

The first is blockchain + cross-border trade financial services. In fact, this involves many solutions, including exporters, importers, issuing banks, issuing letters of credit (LoC), etc. These actually require a mechanism to securely share data across agencies, organizations, and platforms. , and blockchain can just guarantee the realization of the solution. And through smart contract automation, when various conditions are met, clearing and settlement payments can be completed automatically without manual participation.
Cross-border trade finance involves many parties. If we follow the existing method, each party has its own system and some procedures need to be carried out repeatedly. Reconciliation needs to be confirmed by email and fax. FinishA trade finance deal can take three to five weeks.
Now through the blockchain, all parties in trade finance can share the data on the ledger, and the member units of the alliance chain can be updated synchronously. The use of smart contracts can realize automatic and synchronous execution of multiple parties, so that end-to-end The end-end business process is shortened from three to five weeks to two or three days, and operations that originally required repeated confirmation can be greatly simplified. It only takes about 5 steps to achieve a closed loop of trade finance.

Blockchain can also be used to improve medical and health services. Patients have certain rights to decide who to share their medical history and other information with, to what extent, for how long, etc. Blockchain can effectively solve problems that traditional, decentralized medical drug R&D, physical examinations and other institutional systems cannot solve. This requires the establishment of a personal health data bank.

Blockchain can also be used for cold chain logistics and end-to-end food safety traceability services. From the origin of food to slaughtering, processing, and transportation, all data parameters can be uploaded to the chain, which will provide an end-to-end security guarantee.
For example, the salmon in Norway is doing food safety traceability through a blockchain company, and in this process, because the data of all parties are on the chain, he can later pass Self-service smart contracts realize payment and settlement of supply chain finance based on event triggers, which greatly improves the efficiency of the entire supply chain.

Blockchain can also provide services in the education and employment markets. School research institutions, examination institutions, employers, and government departments can safely share students’ academic qualifications, certificates, papers and other data.

The most important thing is that blockchain can also realize P2P peer-to-peer, microgrid power trading or energy trading services. For example, during the renovation of the old city in Brooklyn, photovoltaic solar panels were added to the roofs of houses to generate electricity. The electricity generated is not sold to power energy companies, but is made into a microgrid in the community and then traded through virtual currency.
This model can be further expanded, and the solar energy produced on the roof can be further used as a distributed charging pile, and then internal household electricity, security electricity, smart door locks, etc. can be uploaded to this blockchain. Provide overall shared services.