区块链智能合约的本质特征,区块链智能合约的原理

区块链智能合约是一种在区块链上运行的自动执行的程序，它可以实现在区块链上达成双方的协议，并且能够保证交易的安全性和完整性。本文将介绍区块链智能合约的三个关键词：去中心化、智能合约语言和智能合约安全性。

去中心化是区块链技术的核心特征，也是区块链智能合约的基础。去中心化的概念源于对中心化的反对，即不存在中心化的控制者，而是由多个节点构成的网络。去中心化的网络可以更加安全、可靠，也更加透明。去中心化的网络不仅可以解决数据共享和传输的问题，还可以解决交易安全性和完整性的问题。去中心化的网络可以保证交易的安全性和完整性，这是区块链智能合约的基础。

智能合约语言是一种特殊的编程语言，它可以用来编写智能合约。智能合约语言提供了一个安全的环境，可以实现双方协议的自动执行。智能合约语言的优点是它可以实现自动执行，确保协议的安全性和完整性。智能合约语言的编程语言有很多种，比如Solidity、Vyper和Chaincode等，这些语言都可以用来编写智能合约。

智能合约安全性是指智能合约的安全性，它是智能合约可靠性的重要指标。智能合约安全性的最重要的一点就是代码的安全性，必须确保智能合约的代码是安全的，才能够确保智能合约的安全性。此外，还必须确保智能合约的运行环境是安全的，只有运行环境是安全的，才能够确保智能合约的安全性。另外，还需要确保智能合约的交易安全性，确保交易的安全性和完整性，才能够确保智能合约的安全性。

以上就是关于区块链智能合约的三个关键词：去中心化、智能合约语言和智能合约安全性的介绍，希望能够对大家有所帮助。

『一』What is a smart contract in blockchain technology

Chongqing Jinwowo analyzes smart contracts as follows:

Smart contracts are a A new technology that can only be realized through blockchain. Ordinary, standard contracts cover the terms of an agreement between parties and are often enforced by law; smart contracts are digital, stored on the blockchain, and use encrypted code to enforce the agreement.

In other words, smart contracts are simply software programs that, like all programs, execute exactly as the programmer intended. Smart contracts are like programming applications: "Once it appears, execute it."

『二』How to understand the smart contract of the blockchain

Smart contract" (smart contract) The term dates back to at least 1995 and was coined by prolific interdisciplinary legal scholar Nick Szabo. He mentioned the idea of ​​smart contracts in several articles published on his website. His The definition is as follows:

“A smart contract is a set of promises defined in digital form, including an agreement on which contract participants can execute these promises. ”

Let us explore the meaning of his definition in more detail.

Commitments

A set of promises agreed upon by the parties to a contract (often mutually of) rights and obligations. These commitments define the nature and purpose of the contract. Take a sales contract as a typical example. The seller promises to deliver the goods, and the buyer promises to pay a reasonable price.

Digital form

Digital form means that the contract must be written in computer-readable code. This is necessary because as long as the parties reach an agreement, the rights and obligations established by the smart contract are executed by a computer or computer network.

Further explanation:

(1) Reaching an agreement

When do the participants in a smart contract reach an agreement? The answer depends on the specific smart contract implementation . Generally speaking, a contract is discovered when a participant commits to the execution of the contract by installing the contract on the contract hosting platform.

(2) Contract Execution

" The true meaning of "execution" also depends on implementation. Generally speaking, execution means active implementation through technical means.

(3) Computer-readable code

In addition, the contract requires The specific "digital form" is very dependent on the protocol that the parties agree to use.

Protocol

A protocol is the technical implementation upon which contractual commitments are fulfilled, or Fulfillment of the contractual promise is recorded. Which protocol is chosen depends on many factors, the most important of which is the nature of the assets being traded during the performance of the contract.

Take the sales contract as an example again. Assume that, participationThe party agrees that the payment for the goods will be made in Bitcoin. The protocol of choice will obviously be the Bitcoin protocol, on which smart contracts are implemented. Therefore, the "digital form" that the contract must use is the Bitcoin script language. The Bitcoin Script Language is a non-Turing complete, imperative, stack-based programming language similar to Forth.

Smart Contract

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『三』What is a smart contract in blockchain technology

A smart contract can be simply understood as a piece of code written on the blockchain, driven by events and with dynamic status , is recognized by multiple parties, and can automatically process information on the chain according to preset conditions. Once an event triggers the terms in the contract, the code will be automatically executed. The biggest advantage of smart contracts is to use program algorithms to arbitrate and execute contracts on behalf of humans.
Smart contracts are contracts that use computer language instead of legal language to record terms. Once written, they can be trusted by users. The terms of the contract cannot be changed, so the contract is immutable. The procedure will be executed when the conditions are met, without human interference, ensuring absolute fairness and justice.
3 technical characteristics of smart contracts
●Data transparency
All data on the blockchain is open and transparent, so the data processing of smart contracts is also open and transparent, and any party can run it can view its code and data.
●Cannot be tampered
All data in the blockchain itself cannot be tampered with, so the smart contract code deployed on the blockchain and the data generated by its operation are also non-tamperable. Nodes running smart contracts do not have to worry about other Nodes maliciously modify code and data.
●Permanent operation
The nodes supporting the blockchain network often reach hundreds or even thousands. The failure of some nodes will not cause the smart contract to stop. Its reliability is theoretically close to permanent operation. In this way This ensures that smart contracts can be as valid as paper contracts at all times.

『四』What impact does blockchain technology have on current laws?

The impact of blockchain technology on current laws mainly includes the following points:

1. Blockchain technology will impact the existing rules of property law. Article 2 of the current Property Rights Law stipulates that the property in this law includes movable property, immovable property and property rights stipulated by law. With the development of blockchain technology, information data, virtual property, digital currency or digital bills generated based on blockchain technology have challenged traditional property rights laws. It is difficult for current property rights laws to determine their ownership. Its futureWhether it is possible to obtain clear ownership and realize transactions in the financial field is an issue worth considering.

In addition, how to establish, change or eliminate the usufructuary rights and security rights of these virtual properties in the decentralized blockchain is also difficult to match the provisions of the current property rights law. In addition, if blockchain technology is used for property rights registration such as real estate, vehicles, ships, etc., it will also change the existing rules and methods of property rights registration. Future property rights laws need to sort out and clarify these issues.

2. Blockchain technology will reshape contract law. Smart contracts generated based on blockchain technology will change the rules of the current contract law. The way in which the intention of a smart contract is expressed will be greatly different from the way in which the parties to a contract enter into an expression of intention in the current contract law. Under what circumstances Issues such as consensus of intention and agreement need to be clarified in contract law. In addition, smart contracts can be automatically executed, or it can be said to replace human performance of contracts. Therefore, the relevant provisions of contract performance under the current contract law may no longer meet the needs of smart contracts, and the rules of contract law may need to be changed or even restructured. Plastic.

3. Blockchain technology may lead to changes in corporate law rules. The application of blockchain technology in company industrial and commercial registration will help simplify the company's industrial and commercial registration process and improve its reliability. The application of smart contracts will lead to the de-manualization of equity changes. The election of company shareholders and directors as well as the resolutions of shareholders' meetings and board of directors can also be written into the blockchain for reliable records. The company law needs to confirm the effectiveness of using blockchain technology for industrial and commercial registration and recording company resolutions.

4. The widespread application of blockchain technology in the financial field will lead to changes in financial laws and regulations such as securities law, currency law, foreign exchange management law, banking law, bill law, and insurance law. Some of them require fundamental changes. changes and system reconstruction, some need to be adjusted according to the specific application of blockchain technology.

『五』What is the smart contract in Jinwowo blockchain technology?

Chongqing Jinwowo analyzes the smart contracts in blockchain technology as follows:
Smart A contract is a contract that uses computer language instead of legal language to record the terms.
Smart contracts can be automatically executed by a computing system. If the blockchain is a database, smart contracts are the application layers that enable blockchain technology to be applied to reality.
Contracts in the traditional sense are generally not directly related to the computer code that executes the contents of the contract. Paper contracts are in most cases archived, while software enforces the terms of the contract written in computer code.
Potential benefits of smart contracts include reducing the costs of contracting, execution and supervision

『Lu』 What is blockchain smart contract payment

Blockchain smart contract Payments refer to transactions and non-transactions. The first thing to make clear is that blockchain smart contracts are not real contracts. According to the programmable nature of the blockchain, people can place contracts on the blockchain in the form of code, and automatically executed under agreed conditions, this is called a smart contract. It's just a broad definition. A smart contract is a piece of code involving assets and transactions. Only by putting it on the blockchain can we effectively prevent "piracy" and "tampering". In fact, before the emergence of blockchain, smart contracts did not receive much development.
As blockchain technology develops and matures, smart contracts will be very useful. Smart contracts are a new way for new participants to reach consensus. It does not depend on any organization or individual for its execution, it does it on its own, not even by default. Smart contracts will become the fundamental structure of the global economy. Anyone can use smart contracts to participate in economic activities without prior review and high upfront costs. In traditional contract making, people must choose trustworthy people and institutions, while smart contracts eliminate the necessary trust in third parties from many economic transactions.
With the emergence of virtual digital currency, blockchain came into being. In essence, blockchain is a decentralized database and distributed ledger technology, that is, data storage in distributed institutions. Compared with traditional centralized storage, decentralized storage makes supervision more open and transparent, avoiding risks such as tampering and forgery. Therefore, the application of blockchain in the field of electronic contracts adds security to the custody of electronic contracts.
Blockchain solves the problems of authentication storage, credit enhancement and real authentication in the use of electronic contracts. Deposit receipts for electronic contracts are susceptible to security breaches through third parties, leading to data leaks. Deposit receipts are single, making it difficult to trace when problems arise. The platform also questioned the validity of the verification data. The application of blockchain technology can generate encrypted storage of data chains during the signing process of electronic contracts. Once the data on the chain is difficult to tamper with, the signing time and operation information can also be accurately recorded through time stamp technology, and the evidence chain can be saved and communicated with third-party institutions. Cooperate to ensure the security of electronic contract signing. After blockchain deposits and third-party institution deposits, the credibility of judicially adopted evidence is effectively improved, and forensic appraisal reports and notarization can be quickly applied for. At the same time, blockchain smart contracts also ensure the authenticity and reliability of the contract's authenticity. Ensure that electronic contracts have full legal effect

『撒』How can blockchain better ensure the effectiveness of electronic contracts

Electronic contracts themselves are a kind of electronic data that are easy to tamper with and delete. and other security flaws are not conducive to the long-term development of the service. In order to ensure the legal validity of electronic documents and electronic contracts signed by users on the electronic contract platform, the entire process of electronic contract signing needs to be documented.

In the "Legal Chain" application implemented based on blockchain certification technology, the platform will archive the key links of electronic contract signing and distribute key information and data. Store it in the entire blockchain, thereby realizing the entire process of electronic contract storage.

Taking a closer look at its implementation principles, blockchain uses machine algorithms to resolve the consistency of multi-party transaction records through in-depth use of cryptographic algorithms, specially designed data structures and multi-party consensus algorithms.The issues of reliability, reliable storage and anti-tampering are naturally closely related to electronic data storage.

First of all, electronic contract signing records are stored on a shared ledger maintained by multiple parties, which cannot be tampered with, cannot be repudiated, and of course will not be lost.

Secondly, the electronic contract text and electronic contract elements are encrypted and stored, including the participants of the electronic contract. Only participants can decrypt and view the data to protect the privacy of the contracting parties.

Thirdly, the machine strictly executes according to the predefined rules (smart contract) and no longer relies solely on an agreement with a third party to guarantee it. The blockchain-based KYC service automatically checks and verifies the validity and identity of the certificate, ensuring that the identity of the participants is valid and authentic while ensuring privacy.

Currently, all electronic contracts signed on our electronic contract platform use blockchain technology to realize the distributed storage of digital fingerprints of electronic documents, further strengthening the legal validity of the electronic contracts on the platform.

『8』What is the principle of smart contracts under blockchain technology

Jinwowo analyzes the principles of Xianlun smart contracts under blockchain technology as follows:

The principle of smart contracts is the link between points, which exists in physical and digital spaces, in the real world and the virtual world. It may exist in a certain space, or in two different spaces. Each space has natural links, which are distributed and have no centralized existence;

The trust relationship in this space is converted into code through algorithms, the code forms a program, the program drives the link, and the trust link It is in a system. After the registration, registration and transaction, all of this is carried out in the program, and everything is converted between 0 and 1; there is no authoritative source and no opinion leader here;
< br /> This is a purely natural community, a decentralized community, collaborative, and its infrastructure is blockchain technology.

『九』Understand blockchain and what is a smart contract

A smart contract is a contract that does not require a third party such as a notary or public official to verify, promote or execute!

Literally means you can conduct fast, reliable and trustworthy transactions with any third party, without the constraints of ordinary contracts

Healthcare

Who has access to my patient data? Is my digital patient record safe? and many other issues arise from having digital patient records. As we learned, if only a limited number of people need access for a limited time, keep your profile with you at all times and only have access if you allow doctors access.

Highly regulated, such as drug storage and distribution.