杭州区块链活动,杭州区块链技术与应用联合会

区块链技术是一种新兴的分布式账本技术，它具有独特的安全性、不可篡改性、去中心化等特点，能够有效地解决中心化系统的各种问题。随着区块链技术的发展，杭州区块链活动也越来越多，杭州区块链技术与应用联合会也应运而生，为杭州区块链行业的发展提供了支持。

首先，区块链技术是一种新兴的分布式账本技术，它是一种基于密码学原理的分布式数据库，可以实现分布式账本的存储和管理。区块链技术通过对交易数据进行加密和分布式记录的方式，可以让数据在网络中安全地传播和存储，从而解决了中心化系统的安全性和可靠性问题。

其次，杭州区块链活动是指在杭州举行的各种区块链技术相关的活动，这些活动旨在推动杭州区块链行业的发展，促进杭州区块链技术的应用和发展，为杭州的区块链发展提供支持。这些活动包括：杭州区块链技术应用峰会、杭州区块链开发者大赛、杭州区块链技术推广活动等，这些活动都是为了推动杭州区块链行业的发展，促进杭州区块链技术的应用和发展。

最后，杭州区块链技术与应用联合会是杭州的一个非营利性组织，主要致力于推动杭州区块链行业的发展，促进杭州区块链技术的应用和发展。联合会的宗旨是通过开展各种活动，搭建杭州区块链行业的交流平台，促进杭州区块链行业的发展，把杭州打造成区块链技术应用的示范城市。联合会目前已经开展了一系列活动，包括杭州区块链技术应用峰会、杭州区块链开发者大赛、杭州区块链技术推广活动等，为杭州的区块链发展提供了支持。

总之，区块链技术是一种新兴的分布式账本技术，杭州区块链活动和杭州区块链技术与应用联合会的发展，为杭州的区块链行业提供了支持，为杭州的区块链发展提供了支持，为杭州打造成区块链技术应用的示范城市做出了贡献。

请查看相关英文文档

① [One of the top ten blockchain government cases] Ant Blockchain-Hangzhou Internet Court Judicial Chain Case

According to Hangzhou Daily, September 18, 2018 , Hangzhou Internet Court announced that the judicial blockchain was officially launched online, becoming the first court in the country to apply blockchain technology to resolve disputes. The judicial blockchain makes the entire process of electronic data generation, storage, dissemination, and use trustworthy.
Plaintiffs can submit electronic evidence such as contracts, rights protection processes, and service process details online through the online complaint portal, which will be submitted by notary offices, judicial appraisal centers, CA/RA institutions, courts, Ant Financial and other on-chain nodes. Joint witness and joint endorsement provide one-stop service for the prosecutor. The judicial chain has greatly reduced the cost of offline evidence storage and collection, and improved the efficiency of the judgment process, thus enabling many cases that were previously unworthy of prosecution due to the high cost of rights protection to be able to achieve better rights protection through the blockchain; Judicial The chain solves the problem of low judicial service efficiency, realizes the integration and sharing of judicial data, and breaks down data silos; the judicial chain promotes the construction of a social credit system, reduces judicial costs, uses technology as an engine, promotes innovative development, and leads the transformation, upgrading and reduction of judicial services.

Citing the analysis of the "Blockchain Judicial Evidence Application White Paper" from the Trusted Blockchain Promotion Plan, with the rapid advancement of informatization, a large amount of evidence in litigation is presented in the form of electronic data. The specific manifestations of electronic evidence in judicial practice are becoming increasingly diverse, and the frequency of use and data volume of electronic data storage have increased significantly. Different types of electronic evidence are formed in different ways, but they generally have the characteristics of being easy to perish, easily tampered with, and highly dependent on technology. Compared with traditional physical evidence, it is more difficult to determine the authenticity, legality, and relevance of electronic evidence in judicial review. .

In judicial practice, parties generally lack the ability to produce evidence, and the electronic evidence provided to the court is of poor quality. There are a large number of problems such as improper evidence collection procedures, incomplete evidence, and poor pointing to the facts of the case, which directly affects the electronic evidence. The proportion of evidence admitted in litigation.

The traditional storage method of electronic evidence is essentially a centralized storage method, which may easily cause the storage data to be lost or be compromised. .

At the same time, electronic data relies on electronic media for storage. For storage security, multiple backups and other methods are often needed. In addition, electronic media have a long service life, which makes storage costs higher.

(2) Problems in evidence collection

Currently, when some locally generated electronic data is collected for evidence, the originals are intelligently retained in the device that generated the electronic data, and the original evidence and Devices are indivisible. Once the original evidence leaves the device, it becomes a copy and cannot become the basis for a final verdict. This results in many limitations in litigation cases.

In addition, the Internet software service provider cannot give a definite answer as to whether the so-called original is the real, original and complete data at the time when the time occurred. It is also doubtful whether the evidence obtained is the original.

(3) Problems in demonstration

Electronic data display and fixation are important aspects of data use. Since electronic data exists in the form of electronic information stored in electronic hardware, To obtain its content, you need to use responsive software to read and display it, which makes it difficult to demonstrate. It may also increase the burden of proof on the parties due to the need for notarization, and waste social judicial resources.

(4) Issues in Evidence

In litigation, both parties will submit their own electronic data as evidence. When the parties individually control their own data, it is easy for the evidence submitted by both parties to be inconsistent or even contradictory. In the absence of other supporting evidence, it is very difficult to determine the authenticity of the evidence, and the electronic data submitted by both parties cannot be used as the basis for deciding the case. In this situation where the facts of the case cannot be determined, the judge is likely to have to rely on assigning the burden of proof to decide the case. The general principle of allocating the burden of proof is that whoever makes the claim must provide evidence. If he cannot provide evidence, he will bear the consequences of losing the case. In this case, a party that actively tamperes with its own data can benefit from this burden of proof arrangement.

(5) Problems in evidence identification

All evidence "must be verified to be true before it can be used as the basis for finalizing a case", which is the most important and universal evidence in the world. One of the principles of justice. The identification of evidence is usually a process of identifying the "three properties" of evidence, namely the authenticity, legality and relevance of the evidence. Electronic data used as evidence also needs to pass the "three characteristics" judgment. Due to the large amount of data, strong real-time nature of electronic data, high storage costs, and difficulty in identifying original documents, it is still difficult to identify the "three properties" of evidence. Electronic data often cannot support the case because it is difficult to identify, which is detrimental to the case. Both the judge and the parties caused greater pressure.

Quoting from the sharing by Li Zhiguo, head of Ant Financial’s judicial evidence deposit products, titled “Ant Blockchain’s Exploration in the Field of Judicial Evidence”, he believes that in the past 20 years, the Internet industry has The key word is connection. In the PC Internet era, terminals were connected through PC interconnection. At that time, companies that discovered this trend seized huge business opportunities such as portals and search engines. In 2013, we entered the era of mobile Internet. In this era, many smart terminals and personal devices are connected together through the mobile Internet. The number of terminal devices and online time have been greatly improved. Those who seized the opportunity at this stage created super applications such as Weibo, WeChat, and Alipay. A very important change that we are currently paying attention to is that as the connection changes continue to expand, the connection quality has also undergone very large changes. This is called the second curve. The original connectionThe object was information, which is now likely to be an asset.

So what is the difference between assets and information? There are three main differences.

First, assets are unique, while information can be copied infinitely. In the Internet era, the cost of information transmission can be minimized through copying. However, when the connected object is an asset, there is a fatal flaw, that is, it cannot be transmitted through copying. After the asset is given to a person, It cannot be given to anyone else.

The second point is that assets are more fragile and precious than information. Assets are money. In the process of information digitization, it is easy to put information on the Internet, but for assets, this does not work, because behind the assets are real interests.

The third point: Compared with assets and information, assets have very high security requirements, and many problems must be faced, including attacks by hackers, competitors, fraud, etc. These are all linked assets. issues that need resolving. This is the third difference between assets and information. If there is a dispute over assets, they need to be resolved. In reality, it can be resolved by the court, but if it is on the Internet, it is difficult to deal with it.

The three characteristics of assets mentioned above are difficult to solve through traditional Internet methods. At the same time, the development of the Internet has made people lazier and lazier. If 10 years ago, many people could accept that asset connection would take a long time, but now it is difficult for people to accept it. For example, in order to sign a contract, it takes two to three days. It takes weeks to mail, and it costs a lot to go in and out of many traditional institutions frequently in order to make a cross-border payment. And compared with the connection method 20 years ago, the current Internet connection has become much more difficult, because many people find that after information is connected, the data becomes very valuable. What to do if it is valuable? The only way is to sink the value. When it sinks, it becomes a deep well of value. The larger the scale, the deeper the value. At the same time, another problem will be formed called data island. These issues need to be considered and resolved by the judicial chain.

Now, the court is standing at a historical opportunity node and has the opportunity to become a basic component of data generation and completion of connections. Disputes will inevitably occur over assets, and after a dispute occurs, the court will conduct a full-link review. This is a unique value, the value of the last mile of the Internet. By connecting assets, breaking data islands and value wells, this is the real value completion. This model actually belongs to small and medium-sized enterprises, including For individual users, the above is the value basis of the judicial chain.

If there is an island of value and it needs to be connected, there must be various connection methods. There are four main ways to connect.

The first is not to connect. , put it in the bank safeInside;

The second way is a bad connection, that is, through the leadership and inequality of technology, and through hacking technology, the ownership of data assets is deprived. When there is no legal connection, a bad connection will definitely Exist;

The third type is a connection that seems to be a good one, but is actually a fragile connection. Now there are many ways of connection, which have certain advantages when the market situation is relatively good and the bubble is relatively large. market, but once it encounters real value, it will break;

The fourth type is the judicial chain, which can be summarized in 15 words, that is, the whole process is recorded, the whole link is credible, and the whole node witnesses.

How can the judicial chain be technically credible and institutionally credible at a low cost?

First of all, the first problem is that assets are fragile, so when connecting assets, they must have the basic characteristics of real security. Security includes privacy protection, which is not a simple matter. The first day Alipay was born started with secured transactions, solving the problem of the authenticity of previous transactions between buyers and sellers. Later, based on Alipay, Sesame Credit was proposed, and many Everyone has Zhima Credit points, and through past credit records, big data and artificial intelligence are provided as a reference for whether the user can fulfill the contract, making real security a step further. Next comes the blockchain. The blockchain provides a very important capability, that is, the truth cannot be tampered with, which makes trust a big step forward in the level of real security. Therefore, the first problem solved by the judicial chain is to ensure that the bottom connector is real and safe when connecting assets. This real safety is not something you talk about in words, nor is it a technology in a laboratory, but a technology in a laboratory. It has been recognized by users, tested by the market and tested by large-scale business volume.

The second question is very critical. When everyone is connected through a real and secure connector, once the data assets are compromised, how to deal with disputes? The judicial blockchain has been moving in this direction in the past two years. By bringing notary offices, judicial appraisal centers, and courts to the bottom of the judicial chain, the data is authenticated accordingly, ensuring that once a dispute arises about data assets, it can be dealt with fairly and effectively. This is a very powerful system, which is the fundamental reason why the judicial chain is the real solution to the last mile problem of the Internet. So far, the judicial chain has ensured technical credibility and institutional credibility.

The third problem is that in the interconnection of assets, the cost of connection cannot be too high. Users have developed the habit of obtaining countless information with just a click of the mouse and a search button. Blockchain has been popular for many years, but so far there are less than 20 million real users, and the daily activity is very low. The first reason is that it is too difficult to use, and the second reason is that the cost of use is too high. Therefore, when connecting assets, it must be very simple, very easy to use, and low cost. Just like Alipay’s most openWhen doing real-name authentication, the user's payment can be quickly completed through face scanning, and the security level is very high. Therefore, real connectors must have the characteristics of low cost and high applicability.

The judicial chain has achieved technical credibility and institutional credibility, and the cost of connection is not high, opening a new era of blockchain for asset connection.

The Hangzhou Internet Court’s judicial blockchain makes the entire process of electronic data generation, storage, dissemination, and use trustworthy. Through the overall complete structure, it can solve the entire life cycle of electronic data generation, storage, dissemination, and use on the Internet, especially the whole-process trust issue at the generation end.

The blockchain consists of a three-layer structure:

1). The first is the blockchain program. Users can directly record the entire process of operation behavior in the blockchain through the program. , such as online submission of electronic evidence such as electronic contracts, rights protection processes, service process details;

2), The second is the full-link capability layer of the blockchain, which mainly provides real-name authentication, electronic signature, time Stamping, data storage and trusted services throughout the blockchain process;

3), the third is the judicial alliance layer, which uses blockchain technology to integrate notary offices, CA/RA institutions, forensic appraisal centers and The courts are connected together in the alliance chain, and each unit becomes a node on the chain.

The electronic evidence platform launched on the judicial chain of Hangzhou Internet Court directly establishes a special data channel between evidence and trial, making the collection, fixation, transmission and use of evidence more convenient and efficient.

In the past, when litigating in Internet courts, evidence was submitted electronically and then uploaded to the "Hangzhou Internet Court Litigation Platform" (www.netcourt.gov.cn). For example, notarized documents are usually uploaded by scanning. The electronic evidence platform launched today first has a long "tentacle", and it can achieve seamless connection with other electronic data, such as notary offices. Then the notarized documents can be uploaded to the electronic evidence platform with one click and used directly as litigation evidence. For example, in transaction disputes involving e-commerce platforms such as Taobao and JD.com, mutual financial platforms, and wealth management platforms, third-party data service providers (such as operator platforms, electronic contracting platforms, and certificate depository institutions) can also directly transmit electronic data. The electronic evidence platform effectively solves the difficulties faced by parties in collecting electronic data evidence on their own and greatly saves the economic and energy costs of producing and cross-examining evidence in court trials.

The "electronic" evidence that was originally just scanned or typed has truly transformed into "electronic evidence". Through the third-party storage platform, "electronic data" is easily lost and tampered with. The magic spell forms a unique “data ID card” that cannot be tampered with, and is synchronized and backed up to the electronic evidence platform in real time. After entering the litigation process, the "data identity" that has been saved on the electronic evidence platform"Evidence" will also be automatically compared with the original text of the electronic data to determine whether the electronic evidence has been tampered with later, thereby ensuring the authenticity of the electronic evidence.

These electronic data have coded ID cards, that is, It becomes the "elements" of each case. The platform classifies these elements and then matches them to each case. In this way, the system automatically matches the elements, that is, imports electronic evidence into each case, forming a system that does not require a judge to automatically file a case. We It is conceivable that case filing speeds of tens or hundreds per minute will soon be achieved.

Finally, when these evidences become electronic data and are stored on the platform, in addition to the Hangzhou Internet Court, during the case hearing process, In addition to the judicial use of this platform, other relevant institutions (such as other people's courts, judicial appraisal institutions, notary institutions, and filing institutions with permission) can obtain relevant evidence from the platform in accordance with procedures, and the co-construction and sharing of resource data can also will be achieved.

Taking the Shanghai Pudong Notary Office’s data storage platform that has opened up the Hangzhou Mutual Judicial Chain as an example, we will introduce the complete closed-loop process from the data protection platform to judicial litigation.

1 , register the business platform and perform real-name authentication

A certain design company Enterprise A opens the Shanghai Pudong Notary Office data storage and certification platform page, and completes the real-name identity authentication after registration.

2. Original data storage Certificate

When Design Company A completes the design of a work and archives the original work data, it initiates a remote certificate call interface through its own business system and calls the RESTful API of the notary office's data certificate platform. Complete the storage of the design work file HASH and related elements. The storage certificate will also be sent to the Judicial Blockchain, Pudong Notary Chain and China Time Service Center simultaneously. After all are successful, a certificate of storage with the corresponding LOGO will be obtained. Through each The HASH fingerprint data of the work file that is completely consistent with the chain and platform shows the validity and non-tamperability of this deposit.

5. Log in to Hangzhou Court to submit a complaint and verify the legality of the evidence

Judicial Chain is a specific application case of Ant Blockchain BaaS. Ant Blockchain BaaS (Blockchain as a Service) is an open "Blockchain as a Service" platform based on the Ant Financial Alliance blockchain technology and Alibaba Cloud. It outputs blockchain as a cloud service, supports numerous business scenarios and on-chain data traffic, and is the foundation of industry blockchain solutions. Ant Blockchain BaaS is committed to building an open and collaborative platform for Provide convenient services to businesses and individuals around the world.

The above picture is the product map of Ant Blockchain, in which the technical architecture of BaaS is mainly divided into three layers:

1. The bottom layer is BaaS Core

The BaaS Core layer is based on A cloud resource management platform that provides flexible support for hosts and containers, enabling convenient cross-platform operation and deployment. For trusted hardware, Alibaba Cloud's Shenlong server provides corresponding hardware services and can provide a trusted execution environment with high reliability and high privacy protection. In addition to the certificate deposit platform and smart contract platform, heterogeneous chain cross-chain services will be launched soon on the basis of homogeneous chain cross-chain services. In the current market, a single chain or a single chain has its own limitations. In the future, cross-chain technology will become a very important part of establishing trust infrastructure and a mutual trust ecosystem. At present, the BaaS platform has achieved internal interconnection through cross-chain services. It can also access trusted data sources on the external Internet through smart contracts and cross-chain services. In addition, BaaS Core has corresponding functions and support for other basic capabilities, such as alliance management, security and privacy, certificate key management, etc. While providing the self-developed Ant blockchain system, the BaaS platform also supports open source systems to better meet the diverse needs of customers, including enterprise Ethereum Quorum and Hyperledger Fabric.

2. The upper layer is BaaS Plus

The BaaS Plus layer encapsulates and services the underlying services and capabilities, and opens them into standardized interfaces to provide partners with access and use. This can greatly reduce customers' investment in basic resources and significantly shorten the time it takes to access services. So far, the platform has launched services such as trusted certificates, universal traceability, real person certification, and enterprise certification, and will gradually launch more services in the future.

3. The top layer is the BaaS Marketplace and solutions

Ant’s many partners can provide their capabilities in the marketplace. At the same time, practical applications implemented in different scenarios will precipitate a set of standard application solution templates, making it easier for customers to learn from the platform capabilities of other similar scenarios in their own applications. The Pudong Notary Office data storage platform can become a member of the BaaS Marketplace.

1. Account system

All transaction operations on Ant Blockchain are carried out around the account system, so before sending and executing transactions, you need to ensure that you have created a corresponding transaction in Ant Blockchain account, and then you can use the created account to submit transactions, and you can also complete modifications to the relevant account configuration based on the account structure.

The specific account data structure model fields and descriptions are as follows:

Among them, the account contains three types of keys:

The Ant Blockchain is implemented by decoupling accounts and keys, which to a certain extent prevents the loss of on-chain data caused by the loss of keys. and other safety hazards. The main account operations supported by Ant Blockchain include:

2. Privacy protection

Ant Blockchain supports the privacy protection capabilities of sensitive account information data by introducing some features of cryptography. , by extending the relevant command functions at the smart contract level to realize the encrypted storage and addition and subtraction operations of the amount in the smart contract. Only individuals who obtain a valid key can decrypt the sensitive data in the smart contract and view the original amount information.

At present, the cryptographic features introduced by Ant Blockchain include zero-knowledge proof, that is, by introducing zero-knowledge proof, the legality of the transfer amount can be proved under the condition of encrypted ciphertext.

3. Cross-chain services

Ant Blockchain cross-chain service is an on-chain data service provided for smart contracts. This service deploys cross-chain services in the customer's blockchain environment. Contract/chain code, and provides an API interface for user contracts/chain codes to call and use. The cross-link service currently provides two types of services: ledger data access and contract message push, and their corresponding API interfaces. The ledger data access service can help user smart contracts obtain data on other blockchain ledgers, including but not limited to block headers, complete blocks, transactions, etc. The contract message push service can help communicate messages between smart contracts on different blockchains that have deployed cross-chain data services, satisfying scenarios such as cross-chain business association processing.

On May 22, 2019, Shanghai No. 1 Intermediate People's Court, Hangzhou Internet Court, Hefei Intermediate People's Court, Suzhou Intermediate People's Court, and Wuhu, Anhui Province jointly signed a letter of intent for cooperation, and will use the Hangzhou Internet Relying on the court's judicial blockchain platform, the four places are interconnected and jointly build the Yangtze River Delta judicial chain, creating a judicial-level trust mechanism with "full process records, full link credibility, and full node witness" to jointly promote judicial integration in the Yangtze River Delta region. develop. It was introduced at the meeting that the judicial blockchain operating mechanism of the Hangzhou Internet Court has become increasingly mature, and has collected 390 million pieces of electronic data. The dismissal rate of relevant cases has reached more than 96%. played an important role.
The technology provider of the judicial chain of Hangzhou Internet Court is Ant Financial Blockchain, which has the world's leading core patented technology, 20,000 TPS high-performance certificate storage capabilities, extremely high privacy security protection capabilities, and top-level security Prevention and control capabilities protect the judicial chain. Its Ant Blockchain trusted certificate storage platform supports third parties to access the judicial chain.

For example, in terms of specific aspects, the judicial chain has greatly improved the effect of users' rights protection. For example, in China, copyright protection is very backward. For example, in the field of pictures, only 5% are genuine and the rest are pirated. However, rights protection starts from filing a case toThe first trial took 8 months, and the compensation obtained was only 500-600 yuan, but the time cost and economic cost far exceeded the compensation amount. However, the emergence of the judicial chain can reduce the cost of rights protection by one to two orders of magnitude. Secondly, the judicial chain can enhance the trust of the brand. On the one hand, it allows enterprises to stand together with the judicial chain and the brands and platforms recognized by the government. On the other hand, it allows enterprises to clearly and transparently tell their business models through trust connection. users, giving users a very strong sense of trust. Entrepreneurs, in particular, can have huge traffic in the early stages. Finally, the judicial chain solves the problem of the last mile of the Internet, which greatly reduces the user's cost of use. Therefore, using the judicial chain model really upgrades the traditional business model into a trust business model.

Contributor Wang Denghui introduced:
Copyright chain/notarization chain project CTO of Hangzhou Xiabi Youshen Technology Company,
Shanghai partner of HiBlock technology community,
Focusing on "blockchain +" industrial implementation and implementation plan, hoping to preach blockchain together with industry practitioners.

② What are the application examples of blockchain?

1. Judicial evidence storage

On September 18, 2018, the Hangzhou Internet Court was officially launched on the chain. Became the first court in the world to use blockchain for trial.

It is understood that the complainant can submit electronic evidence such as the contract, rights protection process, service process details, etc. online through the online complaint portal to nodes on the chain such as notary offices, judicial appraisal centers, CA/RA institutions, and courts. Come and witness and endorse together to provide one-stop service for the prosecutor. The Internet Court of Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province publicly pronounced its judgment on a dispute over infringement of the right to disseminate work information online, and for the first time confirmed the legal validity of electronic data stored using blockchain technology.

2. Logistics field

In early 2018, Cainiao and Tmall International jointly announced that they have used blockchain technology to track, upload, and verify the logistics of cross-border imported goods. Link information.

After all nodes of the logistics chain are connected to the blockchain, the goods will be traceable from the manufacturer to the consumer, forming a complete chain; the more links the goods are missing, the more fake they will be exposed. Product probability is greater.

3. Electronic invoices

On August 10, 2018, Shenzhen Guomao Revolving Restaurant issued the country’s first blockchain electronic invoice. It is understood that this issued block The chain electronic invoice is led by the Shenzhen Municipal Taxation Bureau and Tencent provides underlying technology and capabilities.

Different from traditional electronic invoices and simple electronic invoices uploaded to the chain, this blockchain electronic invoice combines "fund flow and invoice flow" into one, integrating invoice issuance and The combination of online payment simplifies the entire process of invoice application, invoicing, reimbursement, and tax filing.

There are many practical applications of blockchain, you can learn more about themmaterial.

③ Application of blockchain

1. Blockchain + Medical: In the medical field, blockchain can use its anonymity, decentralization and other characteristics to protect patient privacy. Electronic health records (EHR), DNA wallets, drug anti-counterfeiting, etc. are all possible application areas of blockchain technology. IBM predicted in last year's report that 56% of the world's medical institutions will...
2. Blockchain + Internet of Things: The Internet of Things is a very broad concept. If communications, energy management, Covering supply chain management, sharing economy, etc., the IoT application of blockchain technology will become a very important application field.
3. Blockchain + IP copyright & cultural entertainment: The Internet is developing better and better, and digital music, digital books, digital videos, digital games, etc. have gradually become mainstream. The rise of the knowledge economy has made intellectual property rights a core element of market competition.

Extended information:
1. Current application cases of blockchain
1. Application case 1: Tami Chain is a consortium chain platform based on Super Ledger, which realizes the non-stop application of Chinese state-owned enterprises. On-chain services for investment, financing and M&A transactions of target asset projects. The universal points management system (TamiDou) forms an internal reward mechanism, mobilizes production enthusiasm, and promotes the conversion of rights and data interoperability between various objects in the Tamichain ecosystem. The objects of shared points can be members of the corporate ecosystem such as trading institutions, investors, intermediary service partners, etc. Different issuance mechanisms and circulation mechanisms can also be formulated for different members to achieve positive interactions among blockchain digital points, business goals, and participants. The construction content includes: 1. Blockchain basic platform; 2. Points system; 3. Data circulation platform; 4. Certificate storage system; 5. Other subsystems on the chain. Project address: Enterprise M&A and Financing Information Service Platform_Tamigo
2. Application Case 2: Xuyuan Art Digital Asset Trading Service Platform is a trading platform for art copyrights and a discovery platform for global art values. A truly decentralized high-end service platform for the international art market. Based on the blockchain token, the platform implements an encrypted digital currency based on the world's outstanding artworks to exchange the value of artworks. Functions include copyright certification: artists and creators can perform copyright certification on the platform. Asset tokenization: Art creators divide the artistic copyright into tokens, and investors invest according to their subscription shares and receive income. Usage rights trading: Artists and creators place the rights to use artworks on the chain for transactions, and trigger smart contracts, allowing buyers to obtain the rights to use artworks (including various transactions such as leasing, exhibitions, etc.).

④ Technology exploration in progress: Blockchain tests the waters for Internet financial dispute resolution

Financial digitization is replacing the traditional credit model. However, while automated credit approval brings efficiency and convenience to financial institutions, the rapidly growing number of credit transactions also puts pressure on back-end overdue dispute processing.

Financial institutions carry out their own remindersThe collection effect is poor, and it is difficult to manage standard collections when cooperating with third-party collection agencies. This leads to the frequent occurrence of violent collections, which is always a difficult problem hanging over the heads of agencies. Blockchain technology is trying to provide solutions to the "stubborn problems" of this industry.

Smart contracts transform the entire business process

"Small amounts and decentralization" are important goals for the in-depth development of inclusive finance. However, the traditional collection model is obviously ineffective in terms of cost and operational difficulty. It cannot match the current needs of Internet finance.

In the past ten years, personal consumer credit has developed rapidly. Data from the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission from 2015 to 2021 show that consumer loans have accounted for more than 20% of the total balance of RMB loans for a long time, and this proportion has shown an overall growth trend. According to the "Data on Main Regulatory Indicators of the Banking and Insurance Industry in the Fourth Quarter of 2021", at the end of the fourth quarter of 2021, the balance of non-performing loans of commercial banks was 2.8 trillion yuan, an increase of 13.5 billion yuan from the end of the previous quarter.

Taking the practice of communication and negotiation between attorneys and borrowers as an example, under normal circumstances, overdue borrowers with low willingness to repay have weak legal awareness, and it is not uncommon to use property transfer and other means to evade debt. Therefore, Ordinary phone calls and text messages to collect collection do not have much effect. However, after accessing the court's judicial blockchain system, the parties can log in to the court website to check the loan evidence on the blockchain, which will put credit penalty pressure on this type of borrowers, both in terms of efficiency and endorsement capabilities. . More importantly, before an overdue transaction occurs, the blockchain evidence can not be tampered with, which can have the effect of urging the entities on the chain to keep their promises in good faith.

A case disclosed by the official WeChat account of the Supreme People’s Court shows that a natural person, Yang, signed a personal agreement with Hangyin Consumer Finance Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as “Hangyin Consumer Finance”) on the “Hangyin Finance” App. Loan Contract. Yang failed to repay the loan on time, and Hangyin Xiaojin filed a lawsuit with the court after repeated reminders. As an access party to the judicial blockchain of the Hangzhou Internet Court, the contract signed by Hangzhou Bank Consumer Finance and Yang has already been synchronized to the judicial blockchain. The objective facts were clear, and the advising judge conducted asynchronous mediation. Yang agreed to repay the money after being unable to deny it, and the case was settled within 7 days.

According to the Supreme People’s Court, in September 2018, the Hangzhou Internet Court officially launched the country’s first judicial blockchain platform. As of April 2022, the total amount of on-chain data exceeds 5.69 billion, more than 9,700 pieces of electronic evidence have been retrieved, and the dismissal rate of relevant cases exceeds 98.7%.

According to MaMa Consumer Finance, the company has currently based on its own blockchain technology, the electronic lawyer's letter automatically generated by the mediation platform and the mediation letter materials confirmed in real time by the customer's online mediation are stored on the chain. “The credibility of blockchain evidence solves the problems of difficulty in obtaining, storing, and authenticating evidence during judicial litigation, supports enterprises to efficiently collect non-performing assets, and can especially improve the notarization and adjustment of small batches.solution, and even improve the efficiency of evidence storage, processing, and trial during the execution of investigation and control. ”

Cross-chain interoperability needs to be further implemented

The person in charge introduced that the current model adopted by the company is to cooperate with electronic certification service agencies licensed by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology to provide The consumer finance company's loan business provides full-process electronic certificate deposit services, and an electronic certificate deposit report is provided when the case is filed to prove that the whole-process data is true and has not been tampered with. "This is also a common model at present. Its advantage is that it has a wide range of adaptability and can be used in compliance with the jurisdiction. to carry out litigation or arbitration services in multiple courts or arbitration committees stipulated by the authority. The disadvantage is that it is necessary to communicate with the court and the arbitration committee in the early stage to confirm the validity of the electronic evidence storage report, and it takes time to review the electronic evidence storage report corresponding to each case when the case is filed. ”

At the same time, the above-mentioned persons in charge did not hide their expectations for emerging technologies: for judicial blockchain, consumer finance business is combined with the judicial blockchain led by the court, and overdue repayment disputes are submitted to the court for filing. At this time, consumer finance companies can directly authorize the court to access the chain to obtain information on the entire business process, effectively simplifying the evidence submission process, ensuring the authenticity of evidence, improving the effectiveness of the evidence chain and the efficiency of evidence review, and achieving rapid case filing and efficient trials. "Passed This technology enables data submission and docking, which is expected to further enhance the effective protection of personal information. ”

⑤ 100 million exceeded in 6 months! Zhejiang Provincial Department of Finance and Ant Blockchain bid farewell to paper tickets

Zhejiang Online News on January 15 (Zhejiang Online Correspondent Chen Jieqiong) To better solve the "run once problem", local governments are applying new technologies at an increasingly faster pace. Recently, Ye Shibao, director of the Electronic Invoice Center of the Zhejiang Provincial Department of Finance, said in an interview that since the establishment of the provincial blockchain electronic invoice platform in June last year with Ant Blockchain, as of the end of 2019, 507 medical institutions in Zhejiang Province have been on the blockchain. , 74 public hospitals realized electronic bill reimbursement in other places within the province, 100 million fewer bills were issued, and more than 30 million bill printing costs were saved, once again at the forefront of innovation.

Interestingly, electronic bills have been promoted for many years but there are still many links that cannot be solved. Blockchain has become a key. It is understood that Ant Financial is the first company to explore the application of blockchain technology in digital government industries such as finance and taxation. Through Ant blockchain technology, electronic bills can be "stamped" throughout the entire process from generation, transmission, storage to use. The entire process is traceable and cannot be tampered with, ensuring that the authenticity of the bill can be quickly confirmed in every circulation link, thus Achieve cross-regional and cross-department settlement and reimbursement.

Ye Shibao said that according to previous statistics, the entire process used to take about 12 working days to go to the medical insurance department for reimbursement, while commercial insurance reimbursement took longer, taking 7-60 working days. Now you don’t have to hold the ticket to stamp it in several places, you can quickly receive it with just a few clicks on your mobile phone.

Zhejiang University Shaw Hospital is one of the first batch of hospitals in the province to be listed on the chain. It pays tribute to those who have worked in the finance department for 30 years.According to administrator Zhao Yue, this is also a good thing.

In the past, he manually reviewed half-meter-high stacks of receipt stubs every day, and packed a large box every eight days on average. The pile could not fit in the office, and he would ask his colleagues to move it to the warehouse for storage. After receiving it and then doing the write-off, "it will take several months to complete the entire process." Nowadays, fewer and fewer bill stubs are collected every day, from the original half meter high to ten or twenty. "The warehouse is no longer needed, and several vehicles that transport the bills for destruction have also been returned."

The full link between hospital electronic bills and reimbursement and claims has been opened up, ultimately improving the patient experience in the "last mile" of medical treatment. Taizhou Hospital dared to be the first to allow Mr. Pang, a local resident, to receive reimbursement without traveling for 7 hours at a time when he was on a business trip to Hangzhou for medical treatment. He became the first person in the country to realize the reimbursement of medical insurance in other places through blockchain electronic bills.

The changes in each hospital are just the tip of the iceberg. Subway ticket settlement on the chain allows users to pass with one code, Hangzhou Internet Court introduced the Ant blockchain, provident fund withdrawal, etc. Zhejiang Province has completed implementation in more than 26 fields. From mobile payment to digital economy, Zhejiang has always been ahead of the curve in the application of innovative technologies.

At the 2020 Zhejiang Two Sessions held recently, Jing Xiandong, a member of the Zhejiang Provincial Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and chairman of Ant Financial, said that he will continue to use AI and blockchain to promote the upgrading of Zhejiang’s digital government affairs and promote Zhejiang to become a national Digital government model province. In the future, only applications that benefit the real economy and the public will be truly valuable applications, and blockchain must fundamentally move away from virtuality and into reality.

⑥ What are the application cases of blockchain?

Triporg: a travel service application that uses blockchain to provide booking services such as air tickets and train tickets.

⑦ What are the application cases of blockchain?

Currently, companies in medical, government, transportation, technology, manufacturing, entertainment, games and other fields are already using blockchain technology. As shown in the figure below, blockchain has proven to be very useful in various fields. Currently, listed companies using blockchain include Facebook, Alibaba Group, Microsoft, Siemens, Ford Motor Company, etc.

⑧ Re-understand the blockchain: Enlightenments brought by more than 1,550 application cases

Author: Ran Wei

( This article is excerpted from the "2021 Global Blockchain Application Market Report")

When we talk about blockchain, anyone who knows something about blockchain can talk more or less about related topics. express some of their own opinions. For example: from the perspective of technical system, blockchain is a new application of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm; from the perspective of functional attributes, blockchain is decentralized, non-tamperable, and full-process. Features such as leaving traces, traceability, collective maintenance, openness and transparency.

Looking back at the history of blockchain, there is no way around Bitcoin.On January 3, 2009, the Bitcoin genesis block with serial number 0 was born. A few days later, on January 9, 2009, Bitcoin block number 1 was born. When two blocks are connected, the blockchain is "born."

The inventor of Bitcoin, whose pseudonym is "Satoshi Nakamoto", may find it difficult to imagine: In the past 12 years, with Bitcoin as the center, a huge "cryptocurrency family" has spread all over the world. The financial market set off a "big wave" that continues to this day. During this period, innovation and risks related to cryptocurrency are intertwined, progress and bubbles coexist, and pursuit and criticism coexist, and it drives government departments of various countries to continuously improve the monetary and financial systems, social governance and supervision systems.

At the same time, the blockchain that accompanies Bitcoin is also evolving rapidly, and has long gone beyond the scope of "Bitcoin's underlying technology" and has been applied to every corner of social and economic development.

So, what mechanism does blockchain work through? What are its advantages compared to traditional technologies and models? What is its application effect? In the "2021 Global Blockchain Application Market Report" jointly released by Capital Lab and Yuanwang Think Tank, we tried to provide a certain basis for the above issues through research on more than 1,550 application cases around the world in 2020 and the first quarter of 2021. Empirical answer. At the same time, based on the study of these cases, we can establish a new understanding of blockchain: blockchain is trust, blockchain is sharing, blockchain is transaction, blockchain is substitution, and blockchain is efficiency.

In the Bitcoin creation paper "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Currency System", "Satoshi Nakamoto" repeatedly emphasized that Bitcoin has the characteristics of not relying on a "trusted third party". That is the characteristic of “decentralization”.

On the other hand, the underlying technology of Bitcoin, the blockchain, is precisely designed for "trust." In other words, reshaping "trust" in the digital age is the most basic function of the blockchain, but this trust has been transformed from trust between people and legal entities to trust between machines and machines. Trust between blocks and between nodes. Interestingly, the subsequent “smart contract” function has further strengthened this trust through its integration with the blockchain.

Identity coding and authentication are the first steps to achieve the above-mentioned trust mechanism, and the distributed identity (Decentralized Identity, DID) system is the core of it. With DID applications, everyone from individuals to organizations to IoT devices, from physical items to virtual products, can be given digital "identities" and achieve trusted interactions. It is precisely because of this that blockchain-based certificate storage, empowerment, verification, circulation, and transactions can be realized, and only then can blockchain be implemented in various industries.

Application cases from around the worldExamples show that the new trust mechanism provides new rules and motivation for social and economic operations:

l China is comprehensively promoting the application of blockchain electronic certificates, allowing enterprises and residents to enjoy more efficiency and convenience Government services;

l “One fish, one code”, “one fruit, one code”, “one tea, one code” and other applications are promoting the upgrading of global agricultural product anti-counterfeiting traceability and food safety systems;

l Through the combination of blockchain, big data, and artificial intelligence, the credit "portrait" of an enterprise is more accurate, and it can obtain faster and lower-cost financing services;
< br /> l Public welfare organizations have put donations on the chain to form a more transparent and standardized public welfare tracking and management system;

l Relevant cities in China have launched blockchain-based gas cylinders Product traceability management system, the credibility of the source of gas cylinder file information and the level of gas cylinder safety management have been greatly improved;

l Germany is establishing a digital registration system based on identity authentication for its distributed energy assets to promote Renewable energy development and trading, and responding to the advent of the digital energy era….

Among the three types of blockchains (public chain, alliance chain, private chain), alliance chain has been the most widely used. In addition to considerations of technical performance, operational efficiency, operability, expected results, etc., this is mainly because all parties in the alliance already have a certain foundation of trust. This also shows from another perspective that in blockchain applications beyond cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, "multi-centralization" rather than complete "decentralization" is a more realistic option.

In addition, it is undeniable that unlike the proof-of-work mechanism that Bitcoin “mining” relies on, the blockchain cannot completely ensure the integrity of the on-chain data from the source in the actual application process. Authenticity. In other words, a certain alliance member or node may provide false data intentionally or unintentionally. However, with the help of blockchain's non-tampering, traceability, multi-party consensus and other characteristics, the alliance can identify counterfeiting behavior and impose corresponding punishments, such as "kicking" the counterfeiting members from the nodes. Therefore, in a sense, blockchain-based trust largely establishes alliance members’ awe for the authenticity of data and deters data fraud.

If "trust" is the foundation of blockchain applications, data sharing is the core of blockchain applications. Without data sharing, there will be no cooperation, and the practical application of blockchain will be impossible.

l The State Administration of Foreign Exchange's "Cross-border Financial Blockchain Service Platform" pilot has been fully launched, promoting foreign trade exports through information exchange between foreign exchange bureaus, taxation, banks and enterprise-related market entities. Business development;

l "Preservation Insurance" jointly established by 11 insurance companies in Taiwan/ Claims Alliance Chain" has been put into operation, and each company has achieved "single application and common documents" on this platform;

l Contour, TradeLens and other blockchain platforms have passed through enterprises, financial institutions, shipping companies, terminals, etc. Data collaboration among agencies such as Customs and Customs is reshaping the global supply chain and providing impetus for the digital transformation of international trade...

l In China, through data collaboration among various government departments, "One number, one source, one source for multiple purposes, one network, all processes online";

l Through the "Judicial Chain" platform, all types of electronic evidence can be linked to notarization, arbitration, judicial appraisal, courts and other judicial The seamless connection of institutions improves the efficiency of the judicial system while reducing costs;

l The "cross-domain collaboration mechanism for trial auxiliary matters" for grassroots courts across the country can realize "cross-domain collaboration between courts in different regions" "Domain service and cross-domain evidence collection" have effectively improved the efficiency of trial auxiliary matters and trial quality, and reduced judicial operation costs...

l China's "Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Combination Port" project Officially launched, it can support the interconnection and interoperability of trade parties among the five major customs jurisdictions of the Greater Bay Area, becoming the first interconnected and shared blockchain network in the Greater Bay Area that connects the entire trade process of ports, customs, logistics, enterprises, finance, etc.;

l Japan's KDDI Telecom, Hitachi, Kansai Electric Power, Sekisui Construction and other large enterprises have established the blockchain alliance NEXCHAIN ​​to form a cross-industry real estate information sharing and management model and promote cross-industry Innovation;

l France's Renault Group has completed testing of its blockchain project "XCEED" to share compliance information between parts suppliers and car manufacturers and simplify compliance certification... ….

Although the above application cases in finance, government affairs and various industries are only a few typical cases, they are enough to illustrate that: on the one hand, data sharing is an inherent requirement of blockchain applications. In terms of specific implementation , everything must start from breaking "data islands" and "information asymmetry"; on the other hand, the application practice of blockchain has in turn promoted cross-level, cross-department, cross-industry, cross-region, and cross-border data sharing. and unprecedented cooperation.

It can also be seen from the above cases that based on the transparency, security, trustworthiness and other characteristics of the blockchain, data sharing allows cooperation that originally seemed impossible to be achieved. , and form more open innovation results; data sharing can effectively improve the operating efficiency of the business system, financial system and social governance system; various organizations promote their own organizational changes while sharing and cooperating with external institutions. , process transformation.

Based on trust and sharing, "transaction" is the most intuitive and deepest manifestation of the value of blockchain application. PurposeCurrently, blockchain is opening a new chapter in the transformation of transaction models in various industries around the world.

From a functional architecture point of view, blockchain-based transactions are by no means just a change in the transaction process, but integrate the unique functions of the blockchain, which are the key to anti-counterfeiting traceability, supply and demand docking, and warehousing. Integrated integration of blockchain applications such as logistics, payment/settlement, supply chain financing, insurance, and network security.

From the perspective of application form, blockchain-based transactions transcend the traditional concept of product or service transactions and represent the realization of the value of a wider range of data in circulation.

From the perspective of application scenarios, transactions based on blockchain involve the upgrading of the physical industry, the digital advancement of the financial industry, and the innovative application of the "token economy".

In the physical industry, take the application of agricultural blockchain as an example: on the one hand, supply chain traceability based on blockchain has become an important barrier to food safety; but on the other hand, for growers or For farmers, the supply chain traceability function is far from enough. How to help them expand the sales of agricultural products and obtain more income as much as possible is the "hard truth" for blockchain technology to continue to promote agricultural development. In other industries, the same applies.

Against the above background, new trading platforms in the global physical industry continue to emerge:

l The Indian government uses blockchain platforms to help farmers in remote areas sell agricultural products to reduce the While eliminating intermediate fees, obtain higher income;

l The Swiss company Cerealia builds a blockchain-based agricultural product trading and financing platform to promote the export of agricultural products in emerging market countries around the world;

l The world's largest independent refined sugar producer, Al Khaleej Sugar Company of the United Arab Emirates, launched DigitalSugar.io, a blockchain-based sugar product trading platform, to realize spot-based international raw sugar trading;

l Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, has launched an international timber electronic trading platform based on blockchain, which will manage the entire timber transaction process on the chain, and will provide the timber market with full industry chain services such as cloud warehouse supervision, logistics, finance, and insurance;
< br /> l Shandong Province launched the Shandong Internet Traditional Chinese Medicine Trading Platform, which will use blockchain and other technologies to achieve online integrated services of quality control, trading, payment, settlement and supervision;

l Suzhou Phase Weitang Town in the urban area has released a blockchain-based pearl online trading platform, which will store the core parameters and test reports of pearls on the chain, and will also add functions such as supply chain management, trade finance, smart contracts, payment settlement, and incentive mechanisms;

l Honeywell launched GoDirect Trade, an online trading platform for new and second-hand aircraft parts, to help large manufacturers apply blockchain to parts.It provides a valuable reference for the transaction and circulation of items...

In the financial industry, blockchain is promoting the digital advancement of financial transaction business in aspects such as securities trading, asset securitization, trade financing, and cross-border settlement:

l The Australian National Stock Exchange has launched ClearPay, a digital securities trading platform based on distributed ledger technology, which can provide multi-currency, real-time DVP settlement on the same day and will replace the original exchange settlement system;

l Switzerland The company Finka has launched a related securitization token investment platform based on livestock from organic pastures in Bolivia to promote the development of the local livestock industry;

l The American company Securitize has established a Japanese real estate investment platform based on digital securities , aiming to revitalize idle real estate in rural Japan and enhance the vitality of the rural economy;

l China Postal Savings Bank and China Construction Bank completed the first cross-blockchain platform forfaiting transaction, Hua Xia Bank Kunming Branch’s first Realize forfaiting resale business in the secondary market;

l Nanjing Iron and Steel completed blockchain-based iron ore transactions with Rio Tinto of Australia and Vale of Brazil respectively;
< br /> l Baosteel Co., Ltd. and Australia's Rio Tinto completed the first blockchain-based RMB cross-border settlement transaction...

Of course, while blockchain promotes the advancement of financial transaction business, dark sides such as hype, scams, money laundering, and cyber attacks related to blockchain and cryptocurrency continue to follow. How to continue to promote financial innovation while also carrying out efficient risk prevention and control and effectively cracking down on illegal crimes is an important issue that requires long-term response. From a global perspective, China has responded with clear attitudes, strict measures, and effective measures in this regard.

The transaction changes realized by the blockchain in the real industry and financial industry are only the initial stage of the blockchain changing the traditional transaction method. The "Token Economy" is the blockchain "transaction" A higher level of functionality.

Under the framework of the "token economy", from electronic certificates to skill certificates, from credit records to public welfare activity participation records, from social media tracks to carbon emission reduction actions, when various data become When an encrypted digital proof of rights is circulated and exchangeable, it is given the function of "token".

Regardless of the investment/speculation craze of "Non-Fungible Token (NFT)", we can already see many early applications of "token economy" around the world:

l The HotCity project, supported by the Austrian government, uses a crowdsourcing model combined with blockchain and gamification tokens to encourage residents toCitizens submit heating waste heat hotspots to more efficiently meet urban heating needs;

l Ford establishes "Green Miles" for commercial and municipal fleets using hybrid vehicles to help improve urban air quality;

l Weibin District, Xinxiang City, Henan Province, in its blockchain industrial park project, issues tokens based on the points system for merchants and enterprises to establish a new commercial service platform;

l Chengdu released a blockchain-based community governance product "Liandong Community". Residents can obtain "time bank" points from the platform through volunteer services and other activities, and exchange them for benefits and discounts provided by community merchants;

l The Electric Vehicle Charging Network Working Group (EVGI) of the global non-profit organization "Mobile Open Blockchain Initiative" launches a global standard system for decentralized vehicle charging technology, covering the Tokenized Carbon Credit (TCC) scenario ;

l The blockchain reward platform MiL.k cooperates with Korean retailers to provide blockchain-based points management services for its members. Members can convert existing points into local MLK tokens through the MiL.k platform, or exchange them into other third-party points...

As can be seen from the above cases and more, the "token economy" has several distinctive features:

The "token economy" gives assets to a wider range of data Attributes and tradable attributes, and through cross-domain and cross-platform mutual trust and circulation, can improve the operating efficiency of the entire social and economic system;

"Token economy" is a new value creation and The realization process does not necessarily use currency directly as the medium of exchange, but is more reflected in the exchange, mutual benefit and reallocation of various elements and resources;

"Token economy" is often combined with incentive mechanisms. At the same time, through incentives for "good people and good deeds", "good companies" and "good institutions", the social value system and social credit system will be effectively reshaped.

Generally speaking, the "token economy" will spawn new production factors, reshape production relations, and greatly liberate social productivity; the "token economy" represents the direction of the "information Internet" The evolution of the "Internet of Value" indicates the most exciting future of the digital economy; the "token economy" based on the blockchain has begun to take shape and has begun to bring changes to economic operations, social governance, and everyone's lifestyle. Continuously visible change. All types of institutions and individuals should be mentally and physically prepared for this change.

Like other new technologies, in the process of application and popularization, blockchain continues to produce substitution effects in terms of platforms, media, models, methods, etc.: physical documents are replaced by electronic documents, and credit records are replaced by electronic documents. Token replacement, manual review is replaced by data verification, citiesThe management platform is replaced by the “city brain”….

Such substitutions have become the norm:

l Argentina’s central bank has begun a proof-of-concept for a new blockchain clearing system, which may replace the existing clearing system;< br />
l Korea Minting and Security Printing Corporation (KOMSCO) expanded its blockchain digital gift certificate business to replace paper gift certificates and achieved record revenue despite a sharp decline in the issuance of banknotes and coins. Improvement;

l Courts across China have begun to use blockchain electronic seals to replace traditional paper seals in the enforcement of real estate seizures;

l The Shanghai court system is using artificial intelligence , the adoption of new technologies such as blockchain, and explore the use of digital court trial records to replace manual court trial transcripts;

l The Japanese company SUSMED launched a "Clinical Data Monitoring System Demonstration Using Blockchain Technology" pilot, indicating that the drug Or the necessary monitoring process in clinical trials of medical equipment can be replaced by a blockchain system;

l Alipay and Wukong Car Rental have cooperated to launch a "face-swiping" car rental service, which uses blockchain technology and credit-free security mode, tourists can rent a car by simply "swiping their face" and return the vehicle through mobile phone operations;

l Under the new crown epidemic, local governments in China have intensively launched "non-face-to-face" vehicles that combine blockchain technology ", no contact, zero errands" government service has replaced the traditional offline service method, providing a strong guarantee for the smooth progress of remote bidding, "cloud" customs clearance, financial support, resumption of work and production, etc. during the epidemic... .

In addition, we can also see that through the use of blockchain technology, various enterprise-level services are also realizing substitution and evolution: from paper contracts to electronic contracts, to program-based, Blockchain contracts that can automatically execute smart contracts. Blockchain is pushing contract signing into the era of "chain signing"; from offline human resources companies to online human resources platforms to the blockchain-based human resources market , global human resources services have experienced continuous changes from the 1.0 era to the 2.0 era, and then to the 3.0 era.

Generally speaking, when the blockchain "invades" various industries, it will "mercilessly" delete all unnecessary links and processes, all unnecessary manual operations, and accelerate the The era of paperless, unmanned and automated is coming.

In the process of our analysis of more than 1,550 blockchain application cases around the world, words like "improve", "accelerate", "shorten", "lower", "reduce", "save", " Words such as "save" appear frequently in front of our eyes. These words show that the improvement of efficiency is the common pursuit of all parties involved in blockchain applications and is also the most direct result of the substitution effect of blockchain.

Numerous application practices are contributing to this:

l The Kenyan company Shamba Records provides blockchain traceability, transaction and financing services to farmers in the country. It currently covers more than 6,000 small farmers, and Helped them increase their income by at least 40%;

l TradeWaltz, a blockchain trading platform invested by NTT DATA, Mitsubishi and other companies, completed a trial run, and the results showed that the platform can reduce traditional trade processes by up to 50% workload;

l Walmart Canada has significantly reduced invoice disputes with carriers by 97% through the application of the DL Freight blockchain platform;

l The State Grid Corporation of China’s power transaction certificate traceability inquiry platform was put into operation, automating the entire authenticity review process for registered users and saving 99% of the trusted manual review time;

l COSCO Shipping Lines and Shandong Port Group Qingdao Port cooperates to launch a blockchain paperless import and delivery model, which can save customers nearly 24 hours on average per container;

l Taizhou, Zhejiang uses "Internet of Things + Blockchain" The "chain" recycling system solves the problem of marine pollution control. Compared with traditional treatment methods, this recycling system can save 94% of labor costs and 84% of operating costs...

In summary, through the joint action of trust mechanism, sharing mechanism and transaction mechanism, blockchain has formed an obvious substitution effect, improved the operational efficiency of finance, government affairs and various industries, and will Continue to create systemic change. This change is reshaping the relationship between people and machines, people and society, and people and the environment, and clearly points to three ultimate goals: efficiency, well-being, and environmental protection.

⑨ What are the application examples of blockchain technology

Application of blockchain technology in voting
Kuaishang is the first country to apply blockchain technology to In the field of voting, it effectively solves the problem of trust in voting data, provides the most authentic and effective data to activists, protects the rights and interests of real voting users, and at the same time makes blockchain technology "people-friendly" so that the general public can quickly perceive and enjoy the area in the field of life services. The convenience brought by blockchain technology.
The application of blockchain technology in digital asset registration
The Golden Master Digital Asset Service Platform is the first to use blockchain technology. This technology is a global distributed ledger technology that is traceable and non-transitory. Tamper-proof and unforgeable properties. The digital assets of the platform come from regulated digital asset issuers, and the value of the assets is determined through the open market to avoid overestimation or underestimation of value.
The application of blockchain technology in the financial industry
Ant Financial’s independently controllable financial-grade commercial blockchain platform has been deployed globally in multiple institutions and countries in multiple social and commercial application scenarios. Ant Blockchain chainPlatform transactions support second-level confirmation, and the consensus mechanism uses an efficient parallel consensus algorithm to ensure the high performance of the blockchain platform. Ant Blockchain has already had multiple production-level applications, applying leading technology to people's livelihood, business, various fields such as finance.

⑩ To strategically lay out the application of blockchain technology, China Enterprise Cloud Chain joins forces with Qulian Technology

On December 23, 2019, Hangzhou Yunlian Qulian Digital Technology Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Yunqu Digital") completed industrial and commercial registration and the company was officially established, marking the strategic layout of China Enterprise Cloud Chain in the field of blockchain technology application.

Yunqu Digital was jointly funded and established by China Enterprise Yunlian and Hangzhou Qulian Technology Co., Ltd. (referred to as "Qulian Technology"), positioning blockchain technology in the industrial Internet and supply chain scenario finance Development service provider in the field.

Due to the high degree of compatibility between the characteristics of supply chain financial business and the characteristics of blockchain technology, a natural application scenario of blockchain has been formed. In the context of rapid development in their respective fields, China Enterprise Cloud Chain and Qulian Technology, this in-depth cooperation is also the general trend. It will deeply integrate China Enterprise Cloud Chain's scenario financial service innovation and Qulian Technology's HyperChain blockchain underlying platform technology. Advantages, based on the product strategy of "safety, trust, efficiency, and win-win", we provide customers with innovative industrial financial business models, independent and controllable security technical services, serve the industrial Internet ecology, and contribute to the development of industrial and financial digital finance.

From the traditional offline model to the initial realization of onlineization, and then to the gradual formation of multi-centralization, the industrial Internet including supply chain finance is undergoing a new era with the blessing of technology. rounds of iterative change. In the VUCA era, Yunqu Digital will bring more possibilities to reduce risks and build a safe and trustworthy trading environment, which has given new expectations to the entire industry and industry.

Founded in 2016, Qulian Technology is the first quasi-unicorn company in the domestic blockchain field. It has completed Series B financing with a valuation of 3 billion. Qulian takes the domestic independent and controllable alliance chain underlying technology platform as its core competitiveness. The team has strong technical strength, more than 80% of whom have master's or doctorate degrees. Currently, it has applied for more than 140 patents and obtained more than 50 software copyrights. Since its establishment, it has implemented application scenarios with many large state-owned enterprises such as State Grid, China Telecom, and China Southern Airlines, and has been implemented in Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, China Construction Bank, Agricultural Bank of China, China UnionPay, Shanghai Stock Exchange, and Zheshang Bank and other large financial institutions have landed, and are far ahead in the industry in terms of company size, technical strength, asset scale, cooperation cases, social effects, etc. Qulian Technology jointly established the Zhejiang Provincial Blockchain Research Institute with the Cyberspace Administration of Zhejiang Province and Zhejiang University, and established the Zhejiang University Blockchain Research Center in cooperation with Zhejiang University.