北京大学 区块链,北京大学区块链研究中心

近日，北京大学新成立的区块链研究中心引起了众多的关注。作为一家专门研究区块链技术的研究机构，它的成立标志着北京大学在区块链技术的研究和应用上将取得更大的进步。那么，在区块链技术的研究中心，哪些关键词值得关注呢？

首先，数字货币是区块链研究中心的重点关注话题之一。数字货币是区块链技术的重要应用，它是一种新型的货币形式，由于其独特的特性，如去中心化、安全性、可验证性等，在当今社会中受到越来越多的关注。北京大学区块链研究中心将研究如何利用数字货币来推动社会发展，以及如何更好地应用数字货币来改善人们的生活。

其次，智能合约也是区块链研究中心的重点研究课题。智能合约是一种特殊的软件协议，它可以自动执行和实现合同中规定的条款和条件，从而提高了合同的执行效率。北京大学区块链研究中心将研究如何利用智能合约来解决传统合同执行中存在的问题，以及如何更好地应用智能合约来改善人们的生活。

最后，去中心化应用也是区块链研究中心的重点研究课题。去中心化应用是区块链技术的重要应用之一，它可以让数据存储和传输更加安全、可靠，可以更好地保护用户的隐私和数据的安全。北京大学区块链研究中心将研究如何利用去中心化应用来改善现有的数据存储和传输技术，以及如何更好地应用去中心化应用来提高数据安全性。

总之，北京大学新成立的区块链研究中心将研究三个关键词：数字货币，智能合约和去中心化应用。这将成为北京大学在区块链技术研究和应用上取得更大进步的重要推动力。未来，北京大学区块链研究中心将继续努力，为社会发展和人们的生活质量做出更多的贡献。

❶ Beida Jade Bird Design Training: Analysis of the Relationship between Distribution and Blockchain

We have discussed the discussion of blockchain technology in previous articles. I have done this many times, and I have also introduced to you which programming development languages ​​to use to realize the realization of blockchain technology. Today we will learn together how to analyze and understand the structure of blockchain from a distributed perspective. .
Blockchain is derived from the underlying technology in Bitcoin and is used to implement a centerless peer-to-peer cash system. Because there is no participation of a central organization, Bitcoin organizes transaction data in the form of a blockchain to prevent "dual Flower" to reach a consensus on the transaction.
Digital assets in the traditional sense, such as game currency, are managed in a centralized manner and can only be transferred in a single system. They are coordinated by a centralized organization and are usually stored in a database.
From a macro perspective, blockchain and database are both used to save data, but the form of data access is different.
The blockchain is essentially a distributed database that is active in different places.
The proposal of multi-activity in different places was originally to solve the disaster recovery problem of the system. It has been a direction explored in the field of distributed databases for many years, but with little success, because multi-activity in different places needs to solve the problem of data conflicts. This problem is actually not easy to solve.
However, the blockchain born in Bitcoin has realized the world's largest remote multi-active database in a completely new way. It is completely open, has no boundaries, supports tens of thousands of nodes and can join and exit at random.
The problem of data conflicts is even more prominent in the blockchain. Each node in the blockchain is a completely peer-to-peer multi-active architecture. Tens of thousands of nodes must reach an agreement. Who should the data be based on? Bitcoin adopts The method is POW. Everyone calculates a puzzle. Whoever calculates it first has the right to keep accounts. In this cycle, the account he keeps shall prevail. In the next cycle, everyone will recalculate.
Nodes competing for accounting rights decide which transactions to package into blocks and synchronize the blocks to other nodes. Other nodes still need to verify the transactions in the block based on local data, unlike the master-slave of the database. Unconditional acceptance among nodes is the consensus algorithm in the blockchain.
Although POW consumes a lot of computing power, the advantage is that in the process of competing for accounting rights, POW only needs to calculate hashes in its own nodes and does not need to go through network voting for election. The cost of network communication is small, and it is suitable for consensus among large-scale nodes. .
Shijiazhuang Computer Training http://www.kmbdqn.cn/ believes that POW is a complete, simple and crude method in the current public chain and can stand the test, but the problem is that the efficiency is too low.
So PoS and DPoS were developed later. Whoever has more assets will have the right to keep accounts, or everyone will vote. However, this also introduces economic problems, such as the so-called vote bribery problem, which is not very good. So controllable.
In traditional distributed databases, it is not called a consensus algorithm, but a consistency algorithm, which is essentially the same thing.
But distributionGenerally, the number of nodes in a traditional database is very small, and the network is trustworthy. Usually the nodes are safe and reliable. We can basically trust every node. Even if it fails and does not give a response, it will never give false information. answer.
So in traditional company distributed data, Raft or Paxos protocols are used to do this consistency algorithm.

❷ How to understand the decentralization feature of blockchain technology

On the Internet, the most typical example of centralization is the portal website, which connects the Internet to All the information on the Internet is collected on its own platform, forming a central node, and then many branches extend from this node, but usually only one node is making decisions. Jinwowo Network Technology analysis believes that the characteristics leading to centralization are:

1. The central node controls the distributed node information

2. The branch nodes do not control other node information (centralization , the transaction is not public).

And the pain point of centralization is that system security depends on the security of the central node, and distributed nodes have no control over this.

❸ Peking University Jade Bird Java Training: The organizational structure content that constitutes the basic computing function of the blockchain

With the development of the Internet, consumers are more interested in blockchain technology and digital virtual currencies. The level of awareness is also constantly improving.
Today, let’s take a look at the structures of the basic computing methods of blockchain technology.
Let’s learn about the specific situation with the following java course http://www.kmbdqn.cn/.
The basic elements that make up computing technology are storage, processing and communication.
Mainframes, PCs, mobile devices, and cloud services all exhibit these elements in their own way.
There are also dedicated building blocks within each element to allocate resources.
This article focuses on the large framework of the blockchain: introducing the modules of each computing element in the blockchain and some implementation cases of each module, preferring an overview rather than a detailed explanation.
The building blocks of blockchain are the following are the building blocks of each computing element in decentralized technology: Storage: token storage, database, file system/blob processing: stateful business logic, stateless business logic, high Performance Computing Communication: Connecting Data, Value, and State Network Storage As a basic computing element, the storage part contains the following building blocks.
Token storage.
Tokens are storage media of value (such as assets, securities, etc.). The value can be bitcoins, air miles or the copyright of digital works.
The main function of the token storage system is to issue and transfer tokens (with multiple variants) while preventing events such as multiple payments from occurring.
Bitcoin and Zcash are two "pure" systems that only focus on the token itself.
Ethereum began to use tokens for various services to realize its ideal of serving as a global computing center.
These are examples of tokens being used to operate the entireInternal incentives for a network architecture.
There are also tokens that are not internal tools used by the network to promote its own operation, but are used as incentives for higher-level networks, but their tokens are actually stored in the underlying architecture.
One example is an ERC20 token like Golem, which runs on the Ethereum network layer.
Another example is Envoke’s IP authorization token, which runs on the IPDB network layer.
Database.
Databases are specifically designed to store structured metadata, such as data tables (relational databases), document storage (such as JSON), key-value storage, time series or graph databases.
Databases can quickly retrieve data using queries like SQL.
Traditional distributed (but centralized) databases such as MongoDB and Cassandra typically store hundreds of terabytes or even petabytes of data, with performance reaching millions of writes per second.
Query languages ​​like SQL are very powerful because they separate implementation from specifications so that they are not tied to a specific application.
SQL has been used as a standard for decades, so the same database system can be used in many different industries.
In other words, to discuss generality outside of Bitcoin, one does not necessarily have to talk about Turing completeness.
You only need one database, which is both concise and easy to expand.
There are times when Turing completeness is also very useful, which we will discuss in detail in the "Decentralized Processing" section.
BigchainDB is a decentralized database software and a specialized document storage system.
It is based on MongoDB (or RethinkDB) and inherits the latter's query and expansion logic.
But it also has the characteristics of blockchain, such as decentralized control, tamper resistance and token support.
IPDB is a regulated public instance of BigchainDB.
In the field of blockchain, it can also be said that IOTA is a time series database.
File system/blob data storage.
These systems store large files (movies, music, large data sets) in a hierarchical structure of directories and files.
IPFS and Tahoe-LAFS are decentralized file systems that contain decentralized or centralized blob storage.
FileCoin, Storj, Sia and Tieron are decentralized blob storage systems, as is the ancient and excellent BitTorrent, although the latter uses a p2p system rather than a token.
Ethereum Swarm, Dat, and Swarm-JS basically support the above two methods.
Data Market.
This kind of system connects data owners (such as enterprises) with data users (such as AI startups).
They sit on top of databases and file systems, but they are still the core architecture because there are countless applications that require data.Applications (such as AI) all rely on such services.
Ocean is an example of a protocol and network on which a data market can be created.
There are also application-specific data markets: EnigmaCatalyst for crypto markets, Datum for private data, and DataBrokerDAO for IoT data streams.
Processing Next we discuss processing this basic computational element.
"Smart contract" system usually refers to a system that processes data in a decentralized form [3].
It actually has two subsets with completely different properties: stateless (combined) business logic and stateful (sequential) business logic.
There is a huge difference between stateless and stateful in terms of complexity, verifiability, etc.
The three decentralized processing modules are High Performance Computing (HPC).
Stateless (combined) business logic.
This is arbitrary logic and does not retain state internally.
In electronic engineering terms, it can be understood as a combinational digital logic circuit.
This logic can be expressed as a truth table, a logic diagram, or code with conditional statements (a combination of if/then, and, or, not, etc. judgments).
Because they are stateless, it is easy to verify large stateless smart contracts, creating large verifiable and secure systems.
N inputs and one output require O(2^N) calculations to verify.
The Inter-Ledger Protocol (ILP) includes a crypto-conditions (CC) protocol to clearly label combinational circuits.
CC is easy to understand because it became an Internet standard through the IETF, while ILP is widely used in various centralized and decentralized payment networks (such as Ripple used by more than 75 banks).
CC has many independently implemented versions, including JavaScript, Python, Java, etc.
BigchainDB, Ripple and other systems also use CC to support combined business logic/smart contracts.

❹ BT40 | Blockchain Thinkers Closed Seminar (No. 6)

Time:

July 18, 2020 Sunday (Saturday) 14:00-18:00 pm

Location:

Online (preliminarily determined to use Tencent Conference, the conference number and conference password will be notified separately)< br />
Blockchain Thinkers 40 Forum (BT40)

China Mobile Communications Federation Blockchain Professional Committee

China Circulation Industry Management Political Research Conference Blockchain Working Committee

China Trade in ServicesYi Association Blockchain Professional Committee

China Communications Industry Association Blockchain Professional Committee

Chinese Agricultural Society Computer Agriculture Application Branch

China Blockchain Chain Ecology Alliance

China Blockchain Research Alliance

Peking University Blockchain Club

Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications National University Science and Technology Park Financial Technology Research Institute

Mr. Guo Shanqi: Founder of Consenomics, founder of the Blockchain Thinkers 40 Forum (BT40), chief consensus economist of the Blockchain Working Committee of the China Circulation Industry Management Political Research Association, Deputy Secretary-General of the Blockchain Professional Committee of China Mobile Communications Federation.

Professor Wang Zhongmin: PhD in Economics, professor, doctoral supervisor, national expert with outstanding contributions, enjoys special allowance from the State Council, former vice chairman of the National Council for Social Security Fund, 18th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Member, member of the 9th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference

Professor Chen Xiaohua: Digital economist, founder of blockchain economic theory, review expert for major projects of the Industrial Internet (blockchain direction) of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Director and Chief Digital Economist of the Blockchain Professional Committee of the China Mobile Communications Federation, Secretary-General of the Digital Economy Development Research Group of the China Science and Technology System Reform Research Association, Director of the Financial Technology Research Institute of the National University Science and Technology Park of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Tsinghua University Global Private Equity Member of the Think Tank of the Equity Research Institute, expert member of the Blockchain Laboratory of the School of Digital Finance of Zhejiang University, off-campus tutor of the School of Economics of the Central University of Finance and Economics, part-time professor of the School of Information Management of Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, expert in charge of the "Financial Circle" magazine column of the National Development and Reform Commission, and Xiongan New District Expert consultant of Construction Development Research Center.

Main representative works: "Internet Financial Risk Control", "Introduction to Financial Technology", "Artificial Intelligence Reshaping the World", "Revealing the Secret of Blockchain", "5G New Momentum" and other books, 8 consecutive books In 2017, he was rated as an "Advanced Individual" in the industry education and training work of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and won the title of China's Economic Leader of the Year in 2017.

Invited to be interviewed by CCTV, Phoenix TV, BTV, China Business Network and other TV programs. As a guest, I have been invited to attend the World VR Industry Conference, Digital Expo, China-ASEAN Expo, China FinTech Expo, World Internet of Things Conference, China Integration Conference of Informatization and Informatization, China Electronic Information Expo, China Higher Education Expo, etc. and made decisions.Keynote speech.

Professor Cao Huining is a professor of finance at Cheung Kong Graduate School of Business, academic director of the MBA in Finance, and a member of the American Finance Association. He has taught at the University of California, Berkeley, and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Twice nominated for the best paper in the Journal of Finance (1998 and 2000); won the Best Paper Award in Emerging Markets by the Northern Finance Association; won the Best Paper with the Most Investment Value by the Western Finance Association Award; won the third prize for the best paper at the 2004 China Finance International Annual Conference; in 2011, won the 2011 "Spängler IQAM" Best Paper Award for Excellence from "Financial Review", one of the world's top financial academic journals; selected in 2016 The 2016 Most Cited Chinese Researchers list released by the world-famous publishing group Elsevier; serves as a member of the editorial board of Annals of Economics and Finance and the chief editor of International Financial Review and China Financial Review .

Dr. Liang Wei: Digital economy expert, co-founding partner of Blockchain Thinkers 40 Forum (BT40), director of China Telecom Group Blockchain and Digital Economy Joint Laboratory, Computer Society of China District Blockchain professional committee member, co-leader of the Telecommunications Working Group of the Trusted Blockchain Alliance, consultant to the Asian Blockchain Society, editor of blockchain-related projects of the International Telecommunications Union (ITU), with more than ten years of experience in emerging ICT (cloud computing/big Research, development and management experience in data/artificial intelligence/blockchain) fields and communication network fields. He has presided over more than 10 major national and corporate projects, published a total of 24 academic papers, authorized 12 invention patents, 1 US patent, 6 leading international standards, 3 software copyrights, and published 3 monographs. "Blockchain in a Simple Way: Core Technology and Project Analysis", with a preface by a blockchain instructor from the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, is the first blockchain monograph in the communications industry.

Tan Lin: Chief Ecological Officer of Beijing Big Data Research Institute, founder of MA Club, former CEO of Microsoft Accelerator (Beijing), and former researcher of Peking University Smart City Research Center.

Professor Xiong Yu, Chair Professor of Business School, University of Surrey, UK, PhD supervisor, CISL Fellow, University of Cambridge, UK, Adjunct Professor, School of Computer Science, University of York, UK, Royal Registered Engineer, China Member of the All-China Youth Federation, Vice President of the Chongqing European and American Alumni Association, Member of the Standing Committee of the Chongqing Youth Federation, concurrently serving as Co-Director of the Northeast UK Innovation Monitoring Agency (a British government intermediary agency that promotes innovative development in the Northeast of the UK), Executive Chairman of the UK China Entrepreneurship Development Association, Founder of the 21st Century Sino-British Entrepreneurship Plan Competition, President of the British International Innovation Center, member of the Expert Committee of the British Parliament's Cross-Party Blockchain Group, Co-Chairman/Chairman of the Management Committee of UKEX, a London-based blockchain financial company.

Mr. Wang Donglin, cloud computing infrastructure/blockchain infrastructure technology leader, well-known entrepreneur, China's top ten young scientists, China's top ten outstanding youths in the software industry, the first China Outstanding Engineer, OASIS International Industry Chairman of the technical committee of the standards organization UOML-X, China's outstanding private technology entrepreneur, and one of the top ten leading entrepreneurs in China's software industry. He has successively founded Shusheng Electronics (invented electronic seals), Shusheng Cloud (cloud computing technology leader), and YottaChain (storage public chain market). Ranking first in terms of market share), Ystar (a wallet that users feel comfortable using)

Di Qianfang, Director of Beijing Lianghua Cloud Network Intelligent Technology Center, Deputy Director of China Industrial Development Center, School of Economics and Management, Tsinghua University , deputy secretary-general of the Blockchain Committee of the China Mobile Communications Federation, and former economic analyst at the Information Center of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology.

1. Professor Wang Zhongmin, former Vice Chairman of the National Council for Social Security Fund, member of the 18th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection

2. Professor Chen Xiaohua, China Mobile Communications Federation Director and Chief Digital Economist of the Blockchain Professional Committee, Secretary-General of the Digital Economy Development Research Group of the China Science and Technology System Reform Research Association, and Director of the Financial Technology Research Institute of the National University Science and Technology Park of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications.

3. Professor Cao Huining, professor of finance at Cheung Kong Graduate School of Business, academic director of the Finance MBA, member of the American Finance Association, and has taught at the University of California, Berkeley, and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

4. Dr. Liang Wei, co-founding partner of Blockchain Thinkers Forum 40 (BT40), director of China Telecom Group Blockchain and Digital Economy Joint Laboratory.

5. Zhang Lu, Chongqing Internet of Things Association BlockSecretary-General of the Chain Special Committee and head of the China Telecom Group Blockchain and Digital Economy Joint Laboratory (Chongqing).

6. Tan Lin, chief ecological officer of Beijing Big Data Research Institute, founder of MA Club, former CEO of Microsoft Accelerator (Beijing), former researcher of Peking University Smart City Research Center

7. Mr. Wang Donglin, cloud computing infrastructure/blockchain infrastructure technology leader, well-known entrepreneur, China's top ten young scientists, China's top ten outstanding youths in the software industry, the first China Outstanding Engineer, OASIS International Industrial Standards Organization UOML-X Technology Chairman of the committee, China's outstanding private technology entrepreneur, one of the top ten leading entrepreneurs in China's software industry, has successively founded Shusheng Electronics (invented electronic seals), Shusheng Cloud (cloud computing technology leader), and YottaChain (temporarily ranks first in the storage public chain market share) , Ystar (a wallet that users can use without any sense)

8. Di Qianfang, director of Beijing Lianghua Cloud Network Intelligent Technology Center, deputy director of China Industrial Development Center, School of Economics and Management, Tsinghua University, China Mobile Communications Deputy Secretary-General of the Federation’s Blockchain Committee

9. Professor Xiong Yu, Chair Professor of the Business School of the University of Surrey, UK, PhD Supervisor, Academician of the Institute of Sustainability Leadership (CISL) of the University of Cambridge, UK Fellow), adjunct professor at the School of Computer Science, University of York, UK, Royal Registered Engineer, member of the All-China Youth Federation, vice-president of the Chongqing European and American Alumni Association, member of the Standing Committee of the Chongqing Youth Federation, and concurrently co-director of the Northeast Innovation Monitoring Agency in the UK (a British government intermediary agency, Promoting innovative development in the North East of the UK), Executive Chairman of the China Entrepreneurship Development Association in the UK, initiator of the 21st Century Sino-British Entrepreneurship Plan Competition, President of the British International Innovation Center, member of the Expert Committee of the British Parliament's Cross-Party Blockchain Group

10. Professor Xie Jinlong, executive deputy director & secretary-general of the Blockchain Professional Committee of the China Association for Trade in Services, visiting professor at the Foreign Business and Trade College of Chongqing Normal University

11. Wang Zishang: Blockchain in Hainan Province Vice President of the Association, Founding CEO of Shangfang Shares (835872), 18 years of continuous operation of Shangfang, author of "Chain Organization" and "Cloud Management", founder of TokenSky Chain Alliance, director of China Artificial Intelligence Industry Development Alliance

12. Chen Lei, member of the Blockchain Thinkers 40 Forum (BT40), founder of Bit Blue Whale, secretary-general of Peking University Blockchain Club, standing member of the China Communications Industry Association Blockchain Special Committee, China Mobile Communications Association District Member of the Blockchain Special Committee, Distinguished Expert of Beijing Urban Big Data Research Institute, Director of China Blockchain Supercomputing Industry Alliance

13. Lu Xinzhi, senior business observer, founder of Financial Technology New Knowledge Media Matrix
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14. Researcher Sun Zhiguo, Institute of Agricultural Information, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

15. Lu Yan, Deputy Secretary-General of the Blockchain Professional Committee of China Mobile Communications Federation

16. Jiang Hong , Executive Secretary-General of China Blockchain Research Alliance

17. Yu Xiaokun, State Grid Blockchain Laboratory, State Grid 2020 Blockchain Chief Architect

18. Zhang Liang, Chief Solution Architect of Lenovo Group

19. Tian Yong, Technical Director of Guizhou Electronic Certificate Co., Ltd.

20. Dr. Li Qianqian, China Agricultural University< br />
21. Dr. Cao Hao, associate professor at Anhui University of Science and Technology (Ph.D. in cryptography)

22. Li Mingyang, head of digital economy channel of China Enterprise News

Mr. Guo:

tel: +86-10-82051290

cell: +86-13301289389

WeChat: CheeyeTHU

Tok: 75A7B3

Instructions about Tok:

1. User registration does not require a mobile phone number or email address, only a username and a set password. The system generates a 76-bit HASH value (consisting of 16 values ​​​​from 0 to 9 and A to F) based on this user name. This HASH value is the user's ID.

2. The system has no central server and is a point-to-point encrypted communication based on blockchain technology. No one knows the content of the conversation except the people participating in the conversation.

3. Warm reminder: Remember your username and password. There is no password reset problem in TOK because there is no central server. No one knows your password except yourself, and TOK also No exception.

❺ Beida Jade Bird Java Training: Consensus Algorithm in Blockchain Technology

We have shared some explanations and analysis of knowledge points about blockchain technology with you many times.
Today, Tianjin Java Course http://www.kmbdqn.cn/ will learn more about some basic definitions and characteristics of consensus algorithms in blockchain technology.
A brief look at the blockchain. The chain in our general ideology is an iron chain, made of iron, with one link interlocking the other.
Visually, the blockchain can also be understood in this way, except that it is not made of iron, but is connected by blocks with a certain data structure. This is a simpleThe prototype of consensus is explained in a popular way. The so-called consensus, in layman’s terms, means that we all agree on the understanding of something.
For example, in daily meetings to discuss issues, or to judge whether an animal is a cat. After looking at it with the naked eye, we feel it looks like a cat. If it meets the characteristics of a cat, then we think it is a cat.
Consensus is a rule.
Continuing with our meeting example.
People participating in the meeting discuss and solve problems through meetings.
Compared with the blockchain, miners participating in mining use a certain consensus method (algorithm) to solve the problem of keeping their own ledger consistent with the ledgers of other nodes.
The deeper meaning of keeping the ledger consistent is to keep the block information in the chain consistent.
Why is consensus needed? Is it possible to not need it? Of course not. Without the rules of consensus in life, everything will be chaotic.
The blockchain has no consensus rules, and each node does its own thing, losing its consistent meaning.
The corresponding relationship between these two examples is as follows: meeting people = mining miners meeting = consensus method (algorithm) talking about solving problems = making your own ledger consistent with the ledgers of other nodes. If you understand the concept of a node, If you don’t understand, please first understand that it is a miner. A node contains many roles, and miners are one of them.
Consensus algorithms are currently common in blockchains. The consensus methods (algorithms) used by nodes to keep their own ledgers consistent with those of other nodes include the following: PoW, represented by Bitcoin (BTC). Disadvantages: The emergence of mining pools violates the original intention of decentralization to a certain extent, and also makes 51% attacks possible, affecting its security.
There is a huge waste of computing power. Look at the mining pool that consumes a lot of power resources. As the difficulty increases, what is mined is not enough to pay the electricity bill PoS. The representative is Ethereum (ETH). The transition from PoW to PoS disadvantages: destruction The cost of attackers attacking the network is very low. If you own tokens, you can compete. In addition, nodes with a large number of tokens will have a greater probability of obtaining accounting rights. This will make the network consensus dominated by a few wealthy accounts, thus losing fairness.

❻ Which school has graduate students majoring in blockchain?

School of Software and Microelectronics, Peking University

Ranking 1 of universities offering graduate majors in blockchain , some professionals reported that the School of Software and Microelectronics of Peking University has a blockchain major, and after verification, the school has a professional software engineering and data technology department, network software and systems

❼ Peking University Jade Bird Design Training: The Element Architecture of Blockchain Technology

With the continuous development of the Internet, more and more people have learned about some of the characteristics and usage of blockchain technology. Today we will Let’s introduce some elements of blockchain in Zhengzhou.
Composition of Blockchain Blockchain consists of blocks and chains.
Each block contains three elements: data, hash value, and the hash value of the previous block.
The first element of the block is data.
Data saved in the blockDepends on the type of blockchain.
For example, blocks in the Bitcoin blockchain save relevant transaction information, including sellers, buyers, and the amount of Bitcoin traded.
The second element of the block is the hash value.
Each block contains a hash value, which is used to identify a block and all the content it contains.
Once a block is created, its hash value is calculated accordingly.
Changing something in the block will cause the hash value to change.
So in other words: hashes are helpful when you want to detect changes to content in a block.
If the fingerprint of a block changes, it is no longer the same block as before.
The third element of the block is the hash of the previous block.
This element allows links to be formed between blocks and makes the blockchain very secure.
For example, suppose we have a blockchain containing 3 blocks.
Each block contains its own hash value and the hash value of the previous block.
Block No. 3 points to Block No. 2, and Block No. 2 points to Block No. 1.
But block No. 1 is a bit special, it cannot point to the previous block because it is the first block.
We call block 1 the genesis block.
So, now let's assume you tampered with the second block.
This will cause the hash value of the second block to change, so the data stored in block No. 3 will be wrong and illegal.
Once the data stored in block 3 is illegal, the following blocks must also be illegal.
So if a person wants to tamper with any block in the blockchain, it must modify this block and all blocks after this block.
This will be a heavy task.
Blockchain's Proof of Work However, the method of using hash values ​​alone is not enough to prevent users from tampering with blocks.
Because today's computer computing speed is powerful enough and can calculate thousands of hash values ​​per second.
java course http://www.kmbdqn.cn/ suggests that you can completely tamper with a block and recalculate the hash values ​​of other blocks, thus making your block legal again.

❽ Blockchain Case｜Being like a rat with Peking University on your back—difficult!

The story starts with the blockchain project. We know that many of the founders of blockchain capital have backgrounds in prestigious universities, especially Beijing University, Qingdao University and top foreign universities. This is not accidental. , as far as I know, entrepreneurs or partners are much more diligent than you think. Of course, most of them have good educational backgrounds, and they will naturally pay attention to trends.

However, a small number of capitalists like to use their educational background to sugar-coat their jobs in Gaofu.

Why? I believe you and I both know it clearly but have not said it or it is difficult to explain it.

Today, we will take a heroic story that lasted for more than half a year and spread widely in the chain currency circle due to the notoriety of air coins.Entertainment chain as an example:

The Hero Chain public account has been suspended for more time.

"In May of this year, CCTV News directly named the Hero Chain project, accusing it of committing false fraud in the name of tokens. As the sales director of Hero Chain, Peking University talent Liu Hongyuan became the target of public criticism after the incident. .

After the incident, Liu Hongyuan ran away to Singapore, and Hero Chain CEO Gao Zhun also led his team to Cambodia." - The little monster next door.

What is the Hero Entertainment Chain? Who are the people on the platform?

"Hero Chain (HEC) was launched in January this year. It is a gambling game platform that supports digital cryptocurrency. The project CEO is Micro Motion."

Hero Chain White Paper:< br />
Who is Liu Hongyuan, and how did he get involved in the hero chain?

Liu Hongyuan, former president of Peking University Venture Capital Research Association. As an angel investor, Chen Manli had an educational background at Tsinghua University that could easily connect with college students. She took a fancy to Liu Hongyuan, who was anxious about starting a business.

“In addition to Liu Hongyuan, people who participated in proxy investment include Wang Dapao, Mr. Bai, Bit Wu, etc. These people have contributed to the sales of Hero Chain.”
< br />As can be seen from the white paper, Hero Chain tokens are stipulated not to be circulated within one year and will be locked. Funds raised are used for development.

The manipulator behind the Hero Chain Entertainment Chain is actually Hash Capital Chen Manli.

So, who is Chen Manli?

She works in ten companies including Dream Peak Technology Co., Ltd., and holds senior management positions. There is also Tsinghua Macquarie Master of Applied Finance, which can connect university students as teachers.

Hash Capital where Chen Manli works - background introduction

Hash Capital is a digital asset investment research institution co-founded by Mr. Deng Deyan and Mr. Nick.Fu (Fu Xiaoming). The founder, Deng Deyan, holds a master's degree in applied finance from Tsinghua Macquarie. He was a foreign exchange analyst at a well-known Australian financial institution and has many years of experience in securities foreign exchange and spot trading. Mr. Fu holds double degrees in law from Renmin University of China and communications engineering from Wuhan University of Technology.

Hash Capital and Asia-Pacific Blockchain Business Applications

Hash Capital has raised 3 funds since its establishment, totaling tens of millions of dollars, focusing on the Asia-Pacific market Blockchain business applications and digital asset-related projects. The projects invested by Hash Capital have gradually formed a coverage of the entire blockchain industry chain, including smart contracts, securities transaction settlement, identity certification, distributed accounting, e-commerce, data API, and blockchain infrastructure.area. Investments include IPTChain, KTrade, Loopring, Qcash, CoinMeet, Halal Chain, Nuls and many other high-quality digital assets.

Comments on mutually reinforcing each other:

Long titles are normal among project founders. After all, blockchain projects do not necessarily require an actual company, and a chocolate office like the Newton project is acceptable. How founders make themselves known to investors is a problem. Therefore, the founders of each project party will have separate titles. People who have experience leading projects are more likely to win the trust of investors.

Create a conversation that is not a joke:

"What do you have?"

"I have a Title."

This shows the importance of titles in the blockchain industry. Dialogue is dialogue, and the founders of the project are still very capable and have professional knowledge background.

From the perspective of covering the entire investment industry, it gives people a professional and grand feeling. It is such a tall-looking organization that hides Chen Manli, the manipulator behind the Hero Chain Entertainment Chain.

Being like a rat with Peking University on your back—difficult!

Why do Chen Manli and other small capitals like to station themselves in Gaofu and sugar-coat things? !

Peking University has administrative status and potential value in the consciousness of the Chinese people

When talking about Peking University, do you feel the same inexplicable heat in your chest as I do at the moment? You have not received its blessings, but you seem to have received them. Surrounded by great benefits. I want to say more but I'm afraid I won't be able to say enough. Peking University Peking University adheres to the principle of freedom of thought and embraces inclusiveness. Probably because Peking University belongs to the Chinese people, not you and me.

1. Taking Peking University as an example, its administrative status makes it more than just an institution

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Peking University once held the status of the capital, starting from the position when Peking University was founded. By definition, it is the only school established as the country’s highest institution of higher learning in modern China. Initially, it was also the country's highest educational administrative agency, exercising the functions of the Ministry of Education and overseeing national education.

It can be seen that the administrative functions of Peking University have historical origins.

Even if you and I don’t remember him for a moment, we think he is an ordinary student or teacher. But some things are really subtle, and many people and rural parents have a brand-like influence on their subconscious minds, just like the widely spread Nainai Temple.

2. Even if the Chinese people’s sentiments about the Peking University and the Qing Dynasty are not deep, they are not shallow either

As a normal Chinese child when I was a child, I believe that everyone was the same, and they must have been instilled with different cultural backgrounds in childhood. But the same meaning was expressed in the eulogy of Peking University, Qingda University, Renmin University of China and other Beijing universities. It is undeniable that I also have feelings for Peking University and Qing Dynasty. These feelings are often for people, because the masters haveSpeech at Peking University. I don’t have many impressions of Peking University, but it’s not shallow either. This influence was so great that when the top scholar in science in Sichuan Province wanted to describe himself as a three-dimensional person rather than a learning machine, he still chose to write "Peking University is my beautiful and shy dream". In human terms, it was for Peking University. As a PR person, I am well aware of the issue of Peking University’s status in the hearts of Chinese people.

Therefore, it is understandable that Peking University is uneasy at this moment.

She, Chen Manli, is still the same, with the same appearance, a teacher title on her head, and the Global University Blockchain Entrepreneurship Leaders Alliance (the launching ceremony of the Global University Blockchain Entrepreneurship Leaders Alliance is July 25 From 14:00 to 16:00 in the afternoon, the Blockchain Leaders Event (Blockchain Leaders’ Consultants) held in Room 601, Building C, Mingde Building, Renmin University of China, No. 59 Zhongguancun Street, Haidian, Beijing, once again targeted students from Peking University and other universities.

If today’s entrepreneurial teachers and students hold Peking University’s back and want to be like a rat, it’s hard!!!

Because of the rat shit in the Beijing University, Liang Hongzhi, Shi Ping, Zhang Zongxiang, etc. Aren't they just ordinary people? !

If you ask some old alumni of Peking University who are also managers, are they involved in blockchain? Is it true?

The article has been abridged. For the full version, please go to the public account [OnlyTimeKnow] to reply to "I want to do rat shit on my back to Peking University."

Shun Song An Qi~