区块链排线玩法介绍,区块链排线玩法有哪些

区块链排线玩法是一种基于区块链技术的游戏玩法，它把游戏中的资源和状态变化记录在区块链上，并且可以跨平台进行游戏，提高游戏的安全性和公平性。本文将介绍三个与区块链排线玩法相关的关键词：去中心化游戏、虚拟资产和智能合约。

去中心化游戏是基于区块链技术的一种游戏玩法，它不依赖于任何中心服务器，而是通过分布式的区块链技术在网络上实现游戏的运行。去中心化游戏的优点在于可以有效降低游戏运行的成本，在游戏运行方面更加安全可靠，并且更加公平，没有任何第三方可以干预游戏的结果。

虚拟资产是指在游戏中可以被使用的一种虚拟货币，它可以用来购买游戏中的道具、装备等，也可以用来进行游戏交易，虚拟资产的流通受到区块链技术的保护，可以有效防止游戏资源的滥用和恶意操纵。

智能合约是一种基于区块链技术的智能协议，它可以自动执行游戏中的合约，可以有效的保证游戏运行的安全性和公平性，智能合约还可以用来处理游戏中的资源分配，以及玩家之间的交易，提高游戏的安全性和可信度。

区块链排线玩法是一种基于区块链技术的游戏玩法，它可以有效的提高游戏的安全性和公平性，同时也能够让玩家们获得更多的乐趣。去中心化游戏、虚拟资产和智能合约都是区块链排线玩法的重要组成部分，它们可以为玩家提供更安全、更公平的游戏环境，让玩家们可以更加享受游戏的乐趣。

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A. Take stock of the basic gameplay that novices need to know in the currency circle

The concept of blockchain seems to have become popular all over the world overnight, and the currency circle that emerged with the blockchain , and it has become a fertile ground for creating countless wealth myths. For a time, almost everyone, whether they were large investors or small investors, set their sights on this circle, pouring in with large amounts of capital, fearing that if they were slow, they would miss the opportunity. In fact, as an emerging industry, many investors have entered the market hastily without knowing almost anything about blockchain, and in the end they will naturally not escape the fate of being "harvested". Since we all enter the currency circle to make money, have you really thought about how to make money in the currency circle? In other words, how to make money more stably in the currency circle? Method One: Project Crowdfunding In the currency circle, project crowdfunding is undoubtedly the most exciting method for investors. In this way, the assets of many investors have increased dozens or even hundreds of times in a short period of time, and the space for imagination is infinite. However, today is different from the past. The number of crowdfunding projects on the market has increased sharply and the quality is mixed. The current crowdfunding projects have a great risk of failure. Once the investment fails, it is very likely that all investments will be lost. Method 2: Short-term currency speculation. Short-term currency speculation is also called swing. In the currency circle, short-term currency speculation is the most common way to play, and it is also the first step for most people to enter the currency circle to unlock. However, making short-term investments in the blockchain world is undoubtedly gambling on luck and is extremely risky. If you think you can succeed in the currency circle by following the K-line analysis of some "short-term masters", then congratulations, you are not far from being a qualified leek. If you don't lose money within three years, I will lose. Method 3: The so-called arbitrage of moving bricks. In fact, it is to take advantage of the different transaction prices of each currency on different platforms. Buy from the platform with a lower price, and then sell it to the platform with a higher price. The price difference in the middle is naturally the price difference between the two currencies. Profit from bricks. Speaking of which, do you think that moving bricks is a sure-fire way to make money? Too young too simple! Moving bricks is actually a technical job. Since different exchanges process currency withdrawals at different speeds, during the period of currency withdrawals, the prices of the two markets are very likely to reverse. In addition, it takes time to withdraw currency between different exchanges. As for handling fees, in fact, only the trading platform can make a profit without losing money.

Method 4: Receive airdrops and receive airdrops, also called harvesting wool. In order to allow potential investors to obtain token-related information, some project parties will regularly conduct airdrops and transfer coins to users' wallet addresses. Since airdrops are generally free of charge, this method is also popular among a considerable number of users. Airdrops seem to be a way to make money at zero cost. In fact, some fraud gangs often lure people with high airdrop rewards, then induce users to enter their private keys, and finally transfer all the tokens in the user's wallet address. It can be seen that airdrops are not absolutely guaranteed to make money without losing money. Method 5: Invest in the Kssbtc platform for stable financial management.

The safest way is toJoin a blockchain company, invest in projects, and follow the team! KssBit's one-stop digital currency fund redemption platform KssBit integrates quantification, strategy, AI arbitrage, Defi, ETF and other comprehensive profit-making fund platforms. The platform supports BTC, USDT, and ETH currency-based financial management, providing sustained income and surviving bull and bear markets. At the same time, there are a variety of funds to choose from, which are robust and aggressive to meet the needs of different users. All funds can be deposited and withdrawn at any time, with real-time settlement. No lock-up, irregular period, flexible and convenient. This is the most stable and realistic way to "make sure you make money without losing money" at the moment!

B. What does blockchain wiring mean?

Blockchain wiring refers to a new application model of computer technology. Blockchain team arranging refers to a new promotion and dividend model. By arranging the main line personnel, the main line personnel can develop the branch personnel to generate income, instead of inviting all the people around one person and then fission.

Blockchain was first proposed by Nakamoto as the underlying technology of Bitcoin. However, Bitcoin's scripting language lacks Turing completeness, and it is difficult to support complex state operations using the UTXO model, so Ethereum was proposed.

Ethereum is a blockchain system based on the account model. The scripting language has Turing completeness. The goal is to implement the smart contract proposed by Szabo and support distributed applications. In January 2009, the launch of the Bitcoin network marked the launch of blockchain applications.

An important reason why blockchain has not been applied on a large scale is that the physical performance is not high. For example: Bitcoin supports up to 6 transactions per second, while Paypal supports an average of 193 transactions per second, and Visa supports an average of 1,667 transactions per second.

Blockchain design computer technology and economics. Regardless of whether the UTXO model represented by Bitcoin or Ethereum is adopted, it has three characteristics.

1. The consensus algorithm is aimed at Tokens in the blockchain.

2. There is a connection between Token and smart contracts.

3. Whether the Token status is related to the transaction.

C. What is the wiring that is often said when doing projects? What does wiring mean?

Recently, I was chatting with my friends about this year’s era, commonly known as National 0 Lu. Because of the huge popularity of the Qubu model, it is true that many people feel that they can make a lot of money without investing. That's why there are so many imitation disks. When playing these, you often hear the word "line".

But many people don’t understand what the cable arrangement mode is, why and how to arrange the cables. Today I saw a good detailed explanation on this site to give you some popular science. If you don’t understand it, you can read it a few times and it will be easy to understand.

Scheduling is often said when doing projectsWhat is the line? What does it mean to arrange cables? Make money online Make money online Picture 1

What is wiring?

The wiring was originally designed by the spinach platform, and was later introduced into the Qubu model blockchain. If a mining project wants to pay dividends, the simple way is to arrange the cables. Arranging lines to get dividends is much simpler than traditional self-promotion.

The traditional invitation mode is A inviting BCDE..., and the arrangement is A inviting B, B inviting C, C inviting D, D inviting E... Let me give you an example:

Dividend conditions for project A: 20 direct referrals, team activity of 500, and community activity of 100. Each person invited will be rewarded with 1 activity point. This is equivalent to a question, how to solve this question? Do it in line mode, as shown in the picture below

If you want to get dividends using the traditional invitation method of one person, you can either invite 20 people, and then buy coins and re-invest to make up the money. 500 activity. Or you invite 500 people directly. Here you also have to solve the problem of community activity.

What is the wiring that is often referred to when doing projects? What does it mean to arrange cables? Make money online Make money online Picture 2

First arrange a main line, and arrange it according to ABCDEF... like this. Then let people like ABCDEF develop at least 20 people by themselves. Taking the main line as the center, the activity of everyone above is counted in the activity of the large area, and their respective community activity can also be added up.

Finally, there is a cover-up operation. The person who reaches the star at the end of the main line must also promote 20 people, so you can either create a small account yourself to cover up, or find someone else to cover up, but you must support him and ensure that the whole person The lines are complete.

The benefits of arranging lines are obvious. After you arrange the main line, the people in the branch lines below will develop on their own, which can bring you a steady stream of activity. In this way, your dividend level will not be easily lost. You can make money later.

If you invite people in the traditional mode, you will no longer participate in the offline task after it expires. Your activity level will drop immediately, and you must invite people in again.

How to arrange the cables?

When arranging lines, we need to build a community. First gather the people who want to line up into the group. After the code is generated, register yourself and then invite A. At the same time, help B to invite C...and continue to help like this. Why help? Because some downlines are lazy or unwilling to spend money for promotion, and some projects require higher-level star experts, and they need to have experts among the downlines, then they need to support the downlines to rise to stars.

Therefore, relying solely on downlines to develop on their own is too idealistic. The initial investment in wiring is quite large.of. Not only do you have to invite people yourself, but you also need to help your downlines invite people, that is, use your downline invitation codes to recommend people.

D. Briefly explain what “blockchain” means

Answer: 1. The connotation of blockchain

Blockchain is a distributed New application models of computer technologies such as data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanisms, and encryption algorithms.

2. Characteristics

1. Decentralization.

Blockchain technology does not rely on additional third-party management agencies or hardware facilities, and there is no central control. In addition to the self-contained blockchain itself, through distributed accounting and storage, each node realizes information self- Validate, deliver and manage.

2. Openness.

The foundation of blockchain technology is open source. In addition to the private information of the parties to the transaction being encrypted, the blockchain data is open to everyone. Anyone can query the blockchain data through the public interface. and develop related applications, so the entire system information is highly transparent.

3. Independence.

Based on consensus specifications and protocols, the entire blockchain system does not rely on other third parties. All nodes can automatically and securely verify and exchange data within the system without any human intervention.

4. Security.

As long as you cannot control 51% of all data nodes, you cannot arbitrarily manipulate and modify network data. This makes the blockchain itself relatively safe and avoids subjective and artificial data changes.

5. Anonymity.

Unless there are legal requirements, technically speaking, the identity information of each block node does not need to be disclosed or verified, and information transfer can be done anonymously.

E. In the 3.0 era of blockchain, how to play blockchain + app

If Bitcoin represents the blockchain version 1.0 , proving to the world that digital currency can be achieved. Then Ethereum represents the 2.0 version of the blockchain, letting everyone know more about how to play the blockchain, decentralized applications and smart contracts. In 2018, blockchain will enter the 3.0 stage. Applications and scenarios will be the core of blockchain. Applications based on blockchain will spring up in various industries. This will be the last stage of blockchain development. early bonus period. The demand for talents driven by the application of blockchain technology has been increasing. Blockchain technology talents have become an upstart profession, highly competitive, and also have enviable high salaries.

Whether a meaningful large-scale consensus is formed: One of the outstanding advantages of the blockchain is that it can effectively form a large-scale consensus through public ledger accounting and notification to the entire network. Nowadays, for many projects, there is no need to form a network-wide consensus. Some are just for crowdfunding and issuing tokens. The blockchain consensus of the project is meaningless. Does this model have network effects? Network effects mean that a project will grow as the number of project users increases.The more valuable it is, because the value of the project does not lie in the users themselves, but in the connection network between users. Bitcoin is a classic example. The more user nodes there are, the links between nodes will grow exponentially, and the entire Bitcoin ecosystem will be more valuable.

Of course, in addition to these points, there are many basic principles for judging projects, such as effective incentive mechanisms, strong teams, project solutions to pain points, etc.

F. How ordinary people can make money with blockchain. How to make money with blockchain

The emergence of blockchain is a new social trend. It heralds the arrival of a new era of transformation of human society and change of dynasties. The sociological foundation of blockchain is based on the evolutionary laws of nature, society, and technology based on biological logic: distributed, decentralized; from edge to center to edge, from out of control to control and back to out of control. The technical foundation of blockchain is a distributed network architecture. It is precisely because of the maturity of distributed network technology that decentralized, weak-centered, sub-centered and shared, consensus, and shared organizational structures, business structures, and social structures can be effective. Build it up.

First, currency speculation. Coin speculation is the lowest threshold way to make money in the blockchain. The one that everyone is most familiar with is Bitcoin. Bitcoin has increased 40,000 times since its birth. In addition to Bitcoin, there are many digital currencies, such as Ethereum and so on.

Coin speculation is divided into primary market (ICO) and secondary market (exchange). The primary market is like an angel round investment for a certain project, which is usually played by experts; the secondary market is to buy coins on the exchange, just like buying stocks, buy low and go high.

Second, traders. Blockchain is a global market. The price of each currency on each platform and each time period is different. Many people can, like small traders, move from low-price platforms to high-price platforms to sell and make a profit on the price difference. The threshold for this way of making money in the blockchain is low. However, now there are team vendors who use software to operate quickly and accurately.

Third, earn commission from promotion. This method is like a Taobao customer who promotes Taobao product links and gets a commission when the transaction is completed. The blockchain approach is to first register an exchange account, generate your own invitation link, and then promote it. If someone registers the exchange through your link and generates transactions, you will get a commission. The threshold for this way of making money in the blockchain is also relatively low.

Fourth, mining. “Mining” in Bitcoin is the accounting process. This process requires grabbing, and if you grab the opportunity to bookkeeping rights, you will be rewarded, and the reward is Bitcoin. This behavior is "mining". Mining requires equipment, professional mining machines. The threshold for this way of making money in the blockchain is slightly higher.

Fifth, technical support. Provide blockchain technology support to some teams and enterprises. This way to make money with blockchainThe threshold is high and a technical foundation is required.

Sixth, open an exchange (trading website). Open a trading website, let everyone trade, and charge handling fees. The threshold is high.

Seventh, develop wallet. The wallet is the infrastructure of the blockchain, just like the "Alipay" or "WeChat Pay" of the blockchain. Mainly business traffic. The threshold is high.

Eighth, do blockchain projects. For example, issuing coins. For example, Ethereum. The Ethereum Foundation raised $18 million in start-up capital and then kept 10 million Ethereum for itself. The way they play is this, first spend the raised funds, mainly to developers. As developers develop the core technology, Ethereum appreciates in value. Then consume ether coins, spend 9 million ether coins, and the ether coins will circulate. The remaining 1 million Ethereum coins are valued at US$100 million; B. Research blockchain applications. The threshold for this way of making money in the blockchain is very high.

Ninth, basic equipment suppliers. When blockchain becomes popular, whether it is mining or anything else, equipment is needed. For example, the production of mining machines and chips. For example, Bitmain, which produces hardware and software, earns billions of dollars a year. The threshold for this way of making money in the blockchain is too high.

G. What does blockchain operation do

Well, I am a blockchain operator.

Yes, I am engaged in operational work in the blockchain technology industry, covering community operations, user operations, and content operations.

Are you a little confused that blockchain technology is developing steadily, but the blockchain industry seems to be ups and downs? Blockchain operations are also being explored in constant changes. Me too.

The following is my confession.

1.1. Neither sad nor happy, Token is not everything

When operating in the blockchain industry, prices are inevitable talking about. Ups and downs are common, and ups and downs are also a daily occurrence. If you don’t have a mentality of not being surprised, you may not be able to withstand such changes when operating in the blockchain industry.

2.2. Work is still work, no change

What is operation? Compared with the early Internet industry, when most operations in the industry are still relatively shallow community operations, what we can do is better than the average level in the industry. Operations are still operations, and because this is the blockchain industry, the nature of operations will not change.

3.3. Although it is an exploration, there are still routines

In the process of operating in the blockchain industry, you will find that some operations still remain simple community operations or user operations. At a certain level, it can’t even be called user operations, but some operations can turn around and improve their own operation routines.He has carried out upgrades and iterations, has his own insights into the development of the industry, and has explored his own blockchain operation methodology.

4.4. Professional level, top-notch ability

What is professionalism? On a ten-point scale, make it twelve points. If there are traces to be followed for operations in the classical Internet era and there are ways to go about the operation methodology, then the operations of the blockchain industry are based on the operations of the classical Internet. The changes in the blockchain industry are no less than the changes in the early days of the Internet, and even worse than the changes in the early days of mobile Internet, O2O and other products. What we need is not just professionalism in operations, but top-notch capabilities.

5.5. Figure out what you want

Most of those who enter the blockchain industry have taken a fancy to the infinite opportunities contained in this industry, even from scratch. Irrelevant industries directly crossed over. No matter what career background you had before becoming an operator in the blockchain industry, I believe this industry will bring you what you want. But the question is, before entering this industry, have you really figured out what you want?

6.6. Your core competitiveness and how to continue to improve

Whether operating in the classical Internet industry or operating in the blockchain industry, the core competitiveness should be continuously explored and strengthened And continuous improvement are what we must do. Since you are good at it, dig deeper. When there is not much difference at the starting line, dedication is the only key.

The development of a new thing still needs to go through many detours, and the development of an emerging industry will also inevitably go through many critical nodes.

You have to use your own skills to eat crabs, right?

H. One article to understand the Internet blockchain

One article to understand the Internet blockchain

One article to understand the Internet blockchain, you need to understand the blockchain , we have to study the brief history of blockchain technology development starting from the birth of the Internet, discover the motivations for the emergence of blockchain, and infer the future of blockchain. Let’s understand the Internet blockchain in one article.

Understand the Internet blockchain in one article 1

The originator of blockchain is mahjong, and the earliest blockchain was invented by the Chinese! The blockchain is just like Mahjong, except that Mahjong has fewer blocks. Mahjong only has 136 blocks. The rules of Mahjong vary from place to place and can be regarded as a hard fork of Bitcoin.

As the oldest blockchain project, Mahjong has a team of four miners. The first one to dig out the 13 correct hash values ​​will get the accounting rights and rewards. It adopts the method of being willing to admit defeat and not cheating. Thousands of consensus mechanisms!

Mahjong is decentralized, everyone can be the banker, and it is completely peer-to-peer.

Mining pool = commission from the boss of the chess and card room.

It cannot be tampered with because it requires too much computing power and effort to convince the other three people.physical strength.

A typical value Internet. The value in my pocket didn't last eight rounds before it went into their pockets.

The Chinese are basically good at playing mahjong. In terms of blockchain, they produce 70% to 80% of the world’s mining machines and have the most computing power in the world, accounting for about 77% of the computing power.

Mahjong is actually the earliest blockchain project:

1. A group of four miners. The miner who first collides with the correct hash value of 13 numbers can obtain the accounting rights. and get rewarded.

2. It cannot be tampered with. Because convincing the other three people requires too much computing power and physical strength.

3. Typical value Internet. The valuable digital currency www.gendan5.com/digitalcurrency/btc.html in my pocket ran into their pockets after eight rounds.

4. Decentralization, everyone can be a banker, it is completely peer-to-peer.

5. UTXO, unspent transaction expenses.

There is another blockchain method of credit, assuming that everyone has no cash

Let’s take a closer look. When everyone reaches a consensus, we see There is no intermediary or third party to judge C’s win, and the rewards given to C do not need to be transferred to C through a third party. They are all direct peer-to-peer transactions. This process is decentralized, and players (miners) record their own records. After recording the results of the first game, B Dahu drew thirteen pieces, and B drew Jia Dongfeng. After the record is completed, a complete block is generated, but remember, this is only the first game. In the entire blockchain , this is just one node. After the 8 rounds mentioned at the beginning, there are 8 nodes (blocks). The 8 blocks are connected together to form a complete ledger, which is the blockchain. Because everyone has one of this ledger, it is a distributed ledger. The purpose is to prevent someone from tampering with the record. At the end of the game, it is clear who wins and who loses.

Four men (A, B, C, and D) got together to play mahjong for money. None of them brought any cash, so they asked a beautiful woman (centralized) to keep a book and record who won how much money in each round. , Who lost how much? At the end of the day, everyone uses Alipay or WeChat to pay and settle the ledger. However, if this beauty made a mistake in accounting or was bribed by one of the four people in advance to make a mistake on purpose, there is no guarantee that the outcome of this game will be fair, just, and reasonable. ,dont you agree? then what should we do? If you "play mahjong", you can use "blockchain" as the game rules and adapt it as follows:

Four men (A, B, C and D) got together to play mahjong for money. No one brought any cash. B said Let the beauty she brought keep accounts. A said that none of us knew this beauty, so the four of them, A, B, C, and D, agreed that everyone would keep accounts at the same time (decentralized) on their mobile phones (blockchain nodes) for each game. ), after finally playing mahjong and checking out with electronic money directly on the mobile phone, everyone checked the accountingAs a result, the accounting results should have been the same.

Assume that the original result is the account recorded on A’s mobile phone: B owes A 10 yuan. However, the record on B's mobile phone shows that there is no debt, but the other two people (C and D) have the same accounting as A, so the settlement is still based on the majority rule. In addition, everyone has a bad impression of B's ​​integrity. Next The first time I play mahjong, I won’t take B to play with me.

Unless B bribes two people (C and D) in advance to deliberately cheat, but the cost of B bribes them is 100,000 yuan (10,000 times the default of 10 yuan), then in common sense, B only You can choose to give up because the cost of counterfeiting is too high.

Assume that even if B is secretly willing to pay a high price of 100,000 yuan to buy C and D to do this silly cat transaction with huge losses during the card game, the rules of the blockchain are to keep accounts based on timestamps. Yes, it turns out that B owed A 10 yuan when debiting the account at 1 p.m., that is, when C and D changed the account at 3 p.m., time is irreversible and they can only record 3 p.m., which does not comply with the rules of the game. .

In fact, in 2017 the blogger has developed a set of Mahjong coins

China’s earliest blockchain project: a group of four miners, first starting from 148 random numbers The miner who collides with the correct hash value of 14 numbers can obtain an accounting right incentive. Since distributed accounting requires the consensus of several other miners, each accounting transaction takes about ten minutes.

Understanding the Internet Blockchain in One Article 2

1. Before the birth of Bitcoin, 5 Internet technologies that will have a significant impact on the future of the blockchain

In 1969, the Internet was born in the United States. Since then, the Internet has expanded from four research institutions in the United States to the entire planet. In terms of application, it has expanded from the earliest military and scientific research to all aspects of human life. In the nearly 50 years since the birth of the Internet, five technologies have been of particularly great significance to the future development of blockchain.

1. The TCP/IP protocol born in 1974: determines the position of blockchain in the Internet technology ecosystem

In 1974, the most critical step in the development of the Internet was taken by The TCP/IP protocol, the core communication technology of the Internet jointly developed by American scientists Vinton Cerf and Robert Kahn, was officially launched.

This protocol enables the transmission of information between different computers and even different types of networks. All computers connected to the network can communicate and interact as long as they comply with this protocol.

In layman's terms, Internet data can travel tens of thousands of kilometers to reach the computer users who need it. This is mainly because the Internet world has formed a unified information dissemination mechanism. That is to say, Internet devices follow a unified law-TCP/IP protocol when disseminating information.

Understanding the TCP/IP protocol is of great significance to mastering the Internet and blockchain. After the invention of TCP/IP in 1974, the entire Internet was based on the underlying hardware equipment.During the period, the network protocols and network addresses in the middle have been relatively stable, but an endless stream of innovative applications are emerging at the top application layer, including news, e-commerce, social networks, QQ, WeChat, and blockchain technology.

In other words, in the technical ecology of the Internet, blockchain is a new technology at the top layer of the Internet - the application layer. Its emergence, operation and development have not affected the underlying infrastructure and communication protocols of the Internet. , is still one of the many software technologies that operates according to the TCP/IP protocol.

2. Cisco router technology born in 1984: an imitation of blockchain technology

In December 1984, Cisco was established in the United States. The founder was a professor from Stanford University. A couple, Leonard Posak, director of the computer center, and Sandy Lerner, director of the business school's computer center, designed a networking device called a "multiprotocol router" that was placed on the Internet's communication lines to help data Get from one end of the Internet to the other thousands of kilometers away accurately and quickly.

In the entire Internet hardware layer, tens of millions of routers are busy working, directing the transmission of Internet information. An important function of Cisco routers is that each router saves a complete Internet device address table. Once something happens Changes will be synchronized to tens of millions of other routers (theoretically), ensuring that each router can calculate the shortest and fastest path.

When you see the operation process of the router, you will feel very familiar. That is the important feature of the blockchain later. The significance of understanding the router lies in the important features of the blockchain. It has been implemented on the router in 1984. For the router, even if the node device is damaged or attacked by hackers, it will not affect the transmission of the entire Internet information.

3. The B/S (C/S) architecture that was born with the World Wide Web: the opponent of the blockchain and the target of attempted subversion

The World Wide Web is referred to as the Web and is divided into Web clients and server. All updated information is only modified on the Web server. Thousands, tens of thousands, or even tens of millions of other client computers do not retain the information and only obtain the information data when accessing the server. This structure is often called the Internet B/S architecture is a centralized architecture. This architecture is also the most important architecture of the current Internet. Internet giants such as Google, Facebook, Tencent, Alibaba, and Amazon have all adopted this architecture.

Understanding the B/S architecture will be of great significance to the subsequent understanding of blockchain technology. The B/S architecture is that data is only stored in the central server, and all other computers obtain information from the server. Blockchain technology has tens of millions of computers without a center, and all data will be synchronized to all computers. This is the core of blockchain technology.

4. Peer-to-Peer Network (P2P): Blockchain The father and technical foundation of the chain

Peer-to-peer network P2P is related to C/S(B/S) corresponds to another Internet infrastructure. Its characteristic is that multiple computers connected to each other are in a peer-to-peer position. There is no distinction between master and slave. One computer can be used as a server. Set up shared resources for use by other computers on the network and as workstations.

Napster is one of the earliest P2P systems, mainly used for music resource sharing. Napster cannot be regarded as a true peer-to-peer network system. On March 14, 2000, a message was posted on the Slashdot mailing list of the underground hacker site in the United States, saying that AOL's Nullsoft department had released Gnutella, an open source Napster clone software.

In the Gnutella distributed peer-to-peer network model, each networked computer is functionally peer, serving as both a client and a server, so Gnutella is called the first true peer-to-peer network model. Network Architecture.

In the past 20 years, some Internet technology giants such as Microsoft and IBM, as well as liberals, hackers, and even criminals who infringe intellectual property rights, have continued to promote the development of peer-to-peer networks. Of course, those on the Internet want to strengthen information sharing. The idealists also put a lot of enthusiasm into peer-to-peer networks. Blockchain is a software application based on a peer-to-peer network architecture. It is a benchmark application for peer-to-peer networks trying to break out from the silence of the past.

5. Hash algorithm: the key to generating Bitcoin and tokens (tokens)

The hash algorithm converts numbers of any length into fixed-length values ​​using a hash function. Algorithms, famous hash functions such as: MD4, MD5, SHS, etc. It is a member of the family of cryptographic functions defined by the American National Institute of Standards and Technology.

This family of algorithms is crucial to the functioning of the entire world. From Internet application stores, emails, anti-virus software, to browsers, etc., all of them are using secure hashing algorithms. It can determine whether Internet users have downloaded what they want, and it can also determine whether Internet users are involved in man-in-the-middle attacks or network attacks. Victim of a phishing attack.

The process of blockchain and its application to generate new coins from Bitcoin or other virtual currencies is to use the function of the hash algorithm to perform operations to obtain numbers that meet the format requirements, and then the blockchain program gives Bitcoin rewards.

Mining, including Bitcoin and tokens, is actually a small mathematical game built with a hash algorithm. However, because of the fierce competition, people all over the world used powerful servers to perform calculations in order to get the rewards first. As a result, many computers on the Internet participated in this little mathematical game, which even consumed more than 40% of the electricity in some countries.

2. The birth and technical core of blockchain

The birth of blockchain should be the most unusual and mysterious invention and technology in the history of human science, because apart from blockchain, So far, in the history of modern science, there has been noThe inventor of a major invention cannot be found.

On October 31, 2008, Bitcoin founder Satoshi Nakamoto (pseudonym) published a paper on the cryptography mailing group - "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System". In this paper, the author claims to have invented a new electronic currency system that is not controlled by governments or institutions. Blockchain technology is the basis for supporting the operation of Bitcoin.

The preprint address of the paper is at http://www.bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf. From an academic point of view, this paper is far from a qualified paper. The main body of the article is composed of 8 flow charts. It is composed of corresponding explanatory text, no nouns and terms are defined, and the format of the paper is also very irregular.

In January 2009, Satoshi Nakamoto released an application case of blockchain on the SourceForge website - the open source software of the Bitcoin system. After the release of the open source software, it is said that Satoshi Nakamoto mined approximately 1 million bits. Coin. A week later, Satoshi Nakamoto sent 10 Bitcoins to cryptography expert Hal Finney, which became the first transaction in Bitcoin history. With the booming development of Bitcoin, research on blockchain technology has also begun to show explosive growth.

It is indeed difficult to explain the blockchain to the public completely and clearly. We use Bitcoin as the object to introduce the technical characteristics of the blockchain as simply as possible but in depth.

1. Blockchain is a peer-to-peer network (P2P) software application

As we mentioned before, at the beginning of the 21st century, the Internet formed two major types of applications. Architecture, centralized B/S architecture and non-centered peer-to-peer (P2P) architecture. Many Internet giants such as Alibaba, Sina, Amazon, etc. all have centralized B/S architecture. Simply put, it is data Put it in a giant server, and our ordinary users can access the servers of Alibaba, Sina and other websites through mobile phones and personal computers.

Since the beginning of the 21st century, there have been many software applications for freely sharing music, videos, and paper materials. Most of them use a peer-to-peer network (P2P) architecture, that is, there is no central server, everyone's personal computer They are all servers and clients, with equal status. However, this type of application has never become popular. The main reasons are large resource consumption and intellectual copyright issues. Blockchain is a software application in this field.

2. Blockchain is a peer-to-peer network (P2P) software application that synchronizes information across the entire network

Peer-to-peer networks also have many application methods. In many cases, everyone is not required to Each computer keeps the same information. Everyone only stores the information they need, and downloads it to other computers when needed.

However, in order to support Bitcoin financial transactions, the blockchain requires that every transaction that occurs must be written into historical transaction records and change information be sent to all computers with Bitcoin programs installed. Installed on eachComputers equipped with Bitcoin software are kept up to date and complete with historical Bitcoin transaction information.

The characteristics of blockchain's network-wide synchronization and network-wide backup are often referred to as blockchain information security, and the source cannot be changed. Although it is still not absolutely safe in practice, when the number of users is very large, it does have certain security advantages in preventing information tampering.

3. Blockchain is a peer-to-peer (P2P) software application that uses a hash algorithm to generate "tokens" to synchronize information across the entire network

Area The first application of blockchain is the famous Bitcoin. When discussing Bitcoin, a term that is often mentioned is "mining". So what exactly is mining?

The metaphor is that the blockchain program gives the miners (players) 256 coins, numbered 1, 2, 3...256. Each time a Hash operation is performed, it is like tossing a coin. 256 coins are thrown at the same time. After landing, if all the coins with the first 70 numbers happen to be heads. The miner can tell the blockchain program this number, and the blockchain will reward the miner with 50 Bitcoins.

From the perspective of software programs, Bitcoin mining is a mathematical game built using the hash SHA256 function. The blockchain first stipulates a winning mode in this small game: a 256-bit hash number is given, but the last 70 bits of the hash number are all 0, and then the player (miner) continuously enters various numbers. Give the hash SHA256 function and see if you can use this function to get a number with 70 zeros. If you find one, the blockchain program will reward the player with 50 Bitcoins. Actual mining and rewards are more complex, but the above example expresses the core process of mining and obtaining Bitcoin.

When Bitcoin was born in 2009, each bounty was 50 Bitcoins. Ten minutes after its birth, the first batch of 50 Bitcoins was generated, and the total currency amount at this time was 50. Subsequently, Bitcoin increased at a rate of about 50 every 10 minutes. When the total amount reaches 10.5 million (50% of 21 million), the bounty is halved to 25. When the total amount reaches 15.75 million (new output is 5.25 million, which is 50% of 1050), the bounty is further halved to 12.5. According to the design of the Bitcoin program, the total number of Bitcoins is 21 million.

From the above introduction, Bitcoin can be seen as a guessing game based on a peer-to-peer network architecture. The Bitcoin information rewarded for each correct guess will be transmitted to all players and recorded. into each player's history database.

4. Smart contracts, tokens, ICOs and blockchain basic platforms generated by blockchain technology due to the rise of Bitcoin

From the above introduction, Bitcoin technology It is not a new technology falling from the sky, but a clever combination of various original Internet technologies, such as peer-to-peer network architecture, network-wide synchronization of routing, and network security encryption technology. It is a combination.Innovative algorithmic games.

Because Bitcoin can be exchanged for legal currency, purchased in kind, and made huge profits through appreciation, the whole world is not calm. With the attitude that if you can do it, I can do it, many people have created their own imitation Bitcoin software applications. At the same time, taking advantage of the difficulty for the government to regulate peer-to-peer networks, various altcoins exploded together with Bitcoin. There have been many incidents of fraud and absconding, which have gradually attracted the attention of governments around the world.

Blockchain basic platform: It is still quite technically difficult to create currency using the blockchain technology framework. At this time, basic technology platforms such as Ethereum, the blockchain basic platform, have emerged, making it convenient for ordinary people. Create a "Bitcoin"-like software program, each showing its magical powers, inviting people to join the game to mine coins, speculate on coins, and gain profits from it.

Pass or token: If each "Bitcoin" or "Altcoin" uses a hash algorithm to create a guessing game and generates its own "currency", this "currency" is collectively referred to as " "Certificate" or "Token".

ICO: Since Bitcoin and Ethereum have been exchanged with the legal currencies of various countries, when other new virtual currencies are issued, only Bitcoin and Ethereum are allowed to purchase the new issued coins. Such a currency issuance process It’s called ICO. The emergence of ICO has amplified the transaction volume of Bitcoin and Ethereum. At the same time, many ICO projects are completely based on nihilistic projects, resulting in a large number of frequent fraud cases. This further deepens society’s negative understanding of virtual currencies generated by blockchain.

Smart contract: It can be seen as a software function on the blockchain. It is a program that assists various virtual currency transactions on the blockchain. The specific function is like the fund custody of Alipay on Taobao. When a user receives goods and confirms them on Alipay, the funds are automatically paid to the buyer and owner. Smart contracts also assume this intermediary payment function in blockchain applications such as Bitcoin.

3. The historical status and future prospects of blockchain technology in the Internet

1. Where does blockchain stand in Internet technology? It is a new software and architecture at the top level.

We mentioned in the previous introduction to TCP/IP that blockchain, like browsers, QQ, WeChat, online game software, mobile APPs, etc., is a software form of the top layer of the Internet - the application layer. . Its operation still relies on the TCP/IP architecture system to transmit data. But unlike most application layer software, it does not adopt the central software architecture of C/S (B/S). Instead, an unusual peer-to-peer network architecture is adopted. From this point of view, blockchain cannot subvert the Internet infrastructure.

2. Who does blockchain want to subvert? Want to subvert the B/S (C/S) structure of the World Wide Web.

It attempts to subvert the B/S, C/S structure of the World Wide Web, which was born in 1989. Said before. Since 1989, European physicist Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web and gave up applying for a patent. In the nearly 30 years since then, including Google, Amazon, fCompanies such as Facebook, Alibaba, Internet, and Tencent have used the B/S (C/S) structure of the World Wide Web to grow into Internet giants.

In their headquarters, a powerful central server cluster was established to store massive amounts of data. Hundreds of millions of users obtained the data they needed from the giant servers. This also led to the emergence of cloud computing, and then the Internet giants Open up your unused central server resources to further absorb data from enterprises, governments, and individuals. Centralized Internet giants have an increasing influence on the world, countries, and Internet users.

The goal of blockchain is to try to reduce the influence of Internet giants by distributing data to each Internet user’s computer. It can be seen that the real opponent of blockchain and what it wants to subvert is the 1990 The B/S (C/S) structure born in 2007. But whether it can be subverted depends on its technical advantages and bottlenecks.

3. Technical flaws of blockchain: dilemmas caused by the pursuit of complete equality and freedom

The technical flaws of blockchain first come from its peer-to-peer network architecture. For example For example, Taobao currently has a B/S structure, and massive data is stored in the Taobao server cluster computer room. Hundreds of millions of consumers access the Taobao server website through their browsers to obtain the latest information and historical information.

If blockchain technology is used, hundreds of millions of people will retain a complete Taobao database on their personal computers or mobile phones. Every time a transaction occurs, it will be synchronized to hundreds of millions of other users. This is completely unachievable in reality. The amount of data transferred and stored is too large. It is equivalent to setting up and running hundreds of millions of Taobao websites at the same time.

Therefore, blockchain cannot be applied to projects with large amounts of data, and even smaller website projects will have difficulty using blockchain. By 2018, Bitcoin had been running for nearly 10 years, and the accumulated transaction data had brought the entire system to collapse.

So the blockchain has adopted many alternative methods, such as establishing relay nodes and lightning nodes. These two concepts can also make people confused. In layman's terms, the blockchain will ask it for The subversive object B/S structure has been studied, and a data server center has been established to become the relay node of the blockchain, which can also be accessed with a browser-like terminal. This is the lightning node of the blockchain.

This change can alleviate the technical shortcomings of the blockchain, but it does make the blockchain what it opposes, centralization. It can be seen that pure blockchain technology has major flaws due to its technical characteristics and cannot be widely used like the World Wide Web. If the technology is upgraded and some parts adopt a B/S (C/S) structure, the blockchain will become centralized. The information node no longer maintains the dream when it was born.

4. Looking at the future prospects of blockchain from the Internet brain model

We know that the Internet generally refers to the Internet that connects computer networks around the world. On this basis The development of a global Internet network covering the whole world is called the Internet, which is a network that is connected to each other.structure.

Since the birth of the Internet in 1969, humans have innovated in the Internet field from different directions, and there is no unified plan to build the Internet into a structure. When the wheel of time reaches 2017, with the advent of artificial intelligence, With the vigorous development of science and technology such as the Internet of Things, big data, cloud computing, robots, virtual reality, and the industrial Internet, when humans look up to see the giant systems they have created, the model and architecture of the Internet brain have become increasingly clear.

Through nearly 20 years of development, relying on the B/S and C/S structures of the World Wide Web, Tencent QQ, WeChat, Facebook, Weibo, and Twitter Amazon have developed structures similar to neuron networks. Internet devices, especially personal computers and mobile phones, map personal data and functional space on the giant's central server through the software on the device, allowing them to add friends, communicate and transfer information. Internet giants continue to optimize the software versions of hundreds of millions of terminals through software upgrades in central server clusters. In the neurological system, this is a standard central nervous system structure.

The birth of the blockchain provides another neuron model. Instead of uniformly managing neurons in the centralized services of giants, each terminal, including personal computers and personal mobile phones, becomes an independent neuron node. , retaining an independent data space and synchronizing mutual information. In the neurological system, this is a distributed neural structure with no center and multiple neural nodes.

Interestingly, these two different types of neural structures appear in the development of the nervous system. In lower organisms, blockchain-like neural structures have appeared. There are multiple ganglia with the same functions, all of which can command body activities and reactions. However, as organisms evolve, these ganglia gradually merge. When they evolve into higher In biology, the central nervous system appeared, which contains a large number of neurons that interact with each other.

4. Judgment on the future status of blockchain in the Internet

1. Understanding of Bitcoin: a guessing game based on peer-to-peer network architecture (P2P), Through clever financial and public opinion operations, it has become a "world currency" that is not subject to government supervision.

2. Understanding of blockchain: a peer-to-peer (P2P) software application that uses a hash algorithm to generate "tokens" to synchronize information across the entire network.

3. Blockchain has specific uses, such as large-scale election voting, large-scale gambling, financial transactions that circumvent government financial supervision, etc. It still has irreplaceable uses.

4. In more cases, blockchain technology will rely on the B/S and C/S structures of the Internet to achieve functional expansion, but overall it is still a supplement to the existing technology of the Internet. Most of the application scenarios currently envisaged by blockchain can be implemented using B/S and C/S structures, with higher efficiency and more mature technology.

5. Whether it is from information transmission efficiency and resource consumption, or from the nervous systemFrom an evolutionary perspective, blockchain cannot become the mainstream architecture of the Internet, let alone a subversive and revolutionary factor in the future Internet.

6. Of course, Internet giants developed with B/S and C/S structures also have their problems, but these can be gradually solved through commercial and political methods in the future.

I. How to get the bottom line of project lining up

1. The bottom line of project lining up is that the last person on the main line to star must be promoted to a sufficient number of people. One way is to do it yourself Another way is to create a small account to take the lead. Another way is to find someone else to take the lead, but you need to support others and ensure that the entire line is complete.
2. The project line-up was originally designed by the BC platform, and was later introduced into the blockchain of the Qubu model. After the main line is arranged, people in the lower branch lines will develop on their own, which can bring a steady stream of activity. Spend.
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