哥伦布区块链技术是什么时候开始的呢,哥伦布区块链技术是什么时候开始的发明

哥伦布区块链技术是2008年开始发明的，它是一种分布式数据库技术，可以记录任何类型的数据，并使用密码学技术来保护数据的安全性。它可以被用来存储和跟踪金融交易、财务信息、法律文件、智能合约等。今天，哥伦布区块链技术正在被用于各种行业，从金融到医疗，从制造到电子商务。

比特币是哥伦布区块链技术的一个典型应用，它是一种基于区块链技术的去中心化的数字货币。它的发明者是被称为“中本聪”的匿名发明者，2008年他发布了比特币的白皮书，介绍了他创造的去中心化的电子货币系统。比特币是第一个基于区块链技术的数字货币，它可以被用来进行全球范围内的安全和匿名的金融交易。

智能合约是哥伦布区块链技术的另一个典型应用，它是一种特殊的编程语言，可以被用来创建可执行的电子合同，它可以在不需要任何中介的情况下执行交易。智能合约可以被用来实现自动执行的金融交易，例如自动付款和自动投资，也可以用来执行更复杂的交易，例如股票交易和房屋买卖。

分布式账本技术是哥伦布区块链技术的另一个典型应用，它是一种分布式数据库技术，可以被用来记录和跟踪所有类型的财务交易，例如银行账户、支票、信用卡交易等。它可以被用来创建安全的、可信的财务系统，并可以被用来创建可靠的、安全的金融服务，例如网上银行、信用卡支付等。

哥伦布区块链技术是2008年开始发明的，它的发明者是被称为“中本聪”的匿名发明者，他发布了比特币的白皮书，介绍了他创造的去中心化的电子货币系统，这是哥伦布区块链技术的最初应用。自那以后，哥伦布区块链技术已经发展成一种强大的技术，可以被用来记录和跟踪各种类型的数据，并可以被用来创建安全的、可信的财务系统和金融服务。

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A. Without issuing coins or engaging in ICO, how does Ant Chain trigger the largest industrial on-chain trend?

This article is reprinted with permission from Pinwan

I don’t know when it started, but the blockchain became a collection of huge numbers. With trillions of dollars in assets, billions of nodes and hundreds of millions of users, this new technology, which was born more than ten years ago, has become a behemoth in the eyes of the global IT industry and media.

It seems that a person who has not participated in DeFi, has not studied DAO, and has not chatted about web3 in a cafe has become a sin in the career of an Internet person. Just like a British soldier in the 20th century who has never set foot on the mainland; or a Spanish sailor in the 19th century who has never set foot on the Americas, he has not received the generosity God has given to this profession.

In the past June, three interesting things happened in the blockchain world. Perhaps looking back many years later, the milestones in the history of the development of blockchain technology are implicit in it:

The Federal Reserve’s interest rate hike has led to the collapse of many cryptocurrencies, especially those that were regarded as stable coins in mid-May. After Luna was almost wiped out in value, the price of Bitcoin accelerated its decline in June, with the overall price falling by more than 75%;

On June 23, Solana, the world’s most powerful blockchain, posted on social media Shangguan announced that it will launch the web3 smartphone "Saga" and a customized web3 mobile operating system and Dapp application store;

These two major events in the web3 world are considered to be the coming of the "bear market" , a power switch between software and hardware, application bubble and underlying design. Web3 companies that have suffered heavy losses must "change their minds" and start with more pragmatic consumer applications to gain more real and valuable customers. And this behavior of moving from fiction to reality and continuing to seek value from entities may become one of the ways for blockchain to survive the potential "bear market".

In the context of the above-mentioned blockchain world, the third event seems quite meaningful:

On June 24, China’s largest blockchain technology platform, owned by Ant Group The Ant Chain announced that the scale of its "physical devices" on the chain has exceeded 5 million units.

This is the "first time" that "physical assets" in industrial blockchains have been uploaded on such a large scale globally, and it is also an unprecedented breakthrough in the scale of "physical assets". Before this, no one has ever been able to operate physical equipment on the chain on such a large scale.

That’s right, 5 million.

How long has it been since you heard numbers like 5 million in technology news in the web3 world? Looking back at the development history of web3, the last time Bitcoin users exceeded 5 million was in 2017; today, this number has exceeded 200 million. In countries like South Korea, cryptocurrencies have a strong popularity among young peopleThe proportion of users in the mouth also exceeds 20%. Even some large DAO organizations and Dapp applications are close to or even exceed this number.

However, the development of blockchain technology on the industrial side is different from that on the consumer side. The latter is "booming" due to the blessing of cryptocurrency, while the former needs to understand the pain points of the industry and advance scenario by scenario. It requires hard work and is more difficult to enter large-scale commercial use.

This time, the first 5 million in this industrial blockchain can be said to be a milestone number. This means that the physical assets on the chain have passed large-scale verification - a new door to the blockchain has opened.

Lonely Industrial Blockchain

First of all, the industry has very high requirements for segmented scenarios, which means that it is difficult for service providers to meet them with the same set of standardized technical means. All needs from all walks of life. Whether it is DeFI or DAO (Note: Decentralized Autonomous Organization), a general technical model can be used to cope with large enough demand scenarios.

But for industrial blockchains, sometimes customizing a specialized industry scenario requires a lot of time and energy. Take the cooperation between Ant Chain and Chery as an example. Due to the demand for device memory and bandwidth, Ant Chain needs to compress the memory resources of the code from 300KB to 1.5KB in order to meet the requirements of the "car chain".

This kind of "perverted" code optimization demand at the level of "stuffing an elephant into the refrigerator" is unimaginable for developers such as blockchain currencies. This can also illustrate from the side how difficult it will be to achieve universal cross-chain and cross-device interaction in industrial blockchains.

Secondly, the industry has extremely high requirements for the safety, stability, and economy of the chain. This was almost an "impossible triangle" in the past.

Taking Bitcoin as an example, in order to maintain the continuous stability and reliability of the Bitcoin world, major mining farms around the world consume more than 149 terawatt-hours of electricity every year for this encryption system of 21 million currencies. If Bitcoin were a country, its electricity consumption would be comparable to Vietnam, which would rank roughly 25th in the world, equivalent to the power generation of 1.5 Three Gorges Dams. If the social electricity price of 8 cents per kilowatt hour is shared equally in my country, the cost would be 120 billion yuan a year.

For Bitcoin, as long as someone pays the bill, the game can continue. But for industrial blockchain, it is impossible to find any market entity to pay for such crazy operation and maintenance costs. Even if there is, it is not in line with the social responsibility of industrial carbon reduction. Rigid cost-benefit is a red line across the industrial blockchain.

In addition, the industry is also very cautious about encryption requirements. This is a very heavy trust, because the blockchain means a decentralized counting method. Once the system is breached by malicious hackers, it will cause complex losses. The economic model a company builds on this mayA vulnerability occurs.

This means that unlike wallets where blockchain currencies are dispersed on different terminal devices, the platform focuses more on algorithms. In addition to strengthening encryption capabilities in terms of algorithms, industrial blockchain companies also need to provide encryption services for a full set of equipment such as information collection & modeling, terminal computing equipment, and information transmission. And every aspect of this is a large, customized project.

Involving complex hardware scenarios is a troublesome matter in itself. Let's take a car as an example. There are interferences caused by complex electronic components inside the car. At the same time, the temperature control conditions of the vehicle components during driving must also be taken into consideration.

In short, the blockchain industry is not on the same level as blockchain currency in terms of actual implementation difficulty or early technology investment costs; but for the platform’s income, there is only one after-sales service. A fraction of that. Everyone knows that using blockchain technology in the digital upgrading of the industry is "technologically practical" and is the right thing to do, but everyone knows better that this is also a difficult thing.

The "Lonely Warrior" in the blockchain

A direct consequence of the difficulty of "industrial blockchain" is that many top talents have flowed to web3. According to statistics, approximately 34,000 developers will join DeFi in 2021, including many employees from leading Internet companies such as Google, Apple, and Facebook who will join full-time.

Compared with the flourishing of web3, the dynamics of industrial blockchain are obviously a bit deserted. On the one hand, many large technology companies look down on these unprofitable “dirty jobs”; on the other hand, start-up teams find it difficult to support the huge sunk costs and expensive market education expenses. In the global industrial blockchain field, there are still no decent unicorns.

However, although the industrial blockchain is full of difficulties, the problems on the industrial side will not disappear just because developers flee.

In many industrial scenarios, blockchain is still regarded as the best solution to break through data barriers in the industry.

Taking the logistics system of commodities as an example, my country has almost both the world’s most segmented manufacturing base and the world’s most complex commodity circulation market. This "complexity" is of course the result of the diversity of retail formats on the one hand, and on the other hand it is also due to the opacity of circulation information. A product's entire link of data from raw materials, manufacturers, distributors, logistics providers, and sales terminals is disconnected, forming fragmented information islands at each node. Every year, major consumer brands spend tens of millions of dollars in consulting fees to obtain very coarse-grained Chinese retail data that comes with heavy labor costs.

After all, no centralized data center can solve such complex data circulation problems, but industrial blockchain can do it.

Or take my country’s large energy industry network as an example. The power grid itself is a super hugeDistributed computing systems, especially since my country has focused on the development of distributed photovoltaic power generation industry in recent years, this distributed trend will be even more enhanced; on the other hand, at the end of use, new energy vehicles, battery swap stations, super charging piles, battery stations The emerging consumer network formed is naturally a distributed form.

The participating entities and data types are complex. The best way is to use a distributed computing network to cope with the distributed computing power needs.

From the perspective of business common sense, big problems and big opportunities are often equated. Or maybe it comes from the simple philosophy of a Chinese IT person. After all, wherever the problem is, someone has to do it. Although this kind of persistence seems a bit lonely compared to the surging tide of web3, this may be an inevitable necessity. It's probably like a widely circulated famous saying by a certain business tycoon:

"Loneliness is sometimes priceless."

Therefore, there are still many Chinese industrial blockchain companies that are holding on, washing away the halo of valuation myths, and they are waiting for a tomorrow together.

The "Ant Chain" disclosed this time has surpassed the milestone of 5 million physical devices being uploaded to the chain. In fact, it is focusing on the "uplinking" in the new energy industry, covering new energy vehicles, solar photovoltaics, and new energy. Batteries and many other industries. Establishing a top-level industrial blockchain on the top-level industrial chain may be an important trend in China's blockchain industry in the future.

Obviously, the "Ant Chains" are trying to take over the baton handed to them by the times. When Columbus discovered the American continent, the most people who went to the Americas were trying to colonize and pan for gold; but Columbus himself persisted in exploring Central America and discovered South America on his third voyage.

Columbus may not have been the richest man of his time, but he is a name the world will remember.

Why "Ant Chain"

What many people don't know is that Ant Group has been the largest exporter of patents in the global blockchain industry for many years. On the one hand, Ant Chain does have a strong investment in the blockchain; on the other hand, this is also related to the fact that Ant Chain does have a lot to do.

If you take a closer look at “Ant Chain”, you may be amazed at the company’s all-round and no-dead investment, almost single-handedly managing the trough of the “industrial blockchain” in the The industry alone has planted a big forest. This is probably like what Liu Yu said, "Turning one person into a team."

The reason why Ant Chain was able to be the first to complete the launch of 5 million physical devices is inseparable from this all-round technical layout capability.

For example, when physical devices are put on the chain, a lot of communication collaboration with IOT technologies will be involved.

As early as June 2021, Ant Chain launched the first batch of wireless communication modules AntChain MaaS, allowing terminal devices toAutomatically connect to the blockchain and perform full-process encryption. In July, Ant Chain then released the high-speed communication network BTN (Blockchain Transmission Network), which has become a high-throughput, low-bandwidth cost blockchain “highway”.

This technology of trustworthy data on-chain and throughput capability under large broadband conditions have basically made early communication preparations for the subsequent launch of large-scale physical equipment.

However, this is just a small test of Ant Chain’s many technical reserves.

These achievements and innovative technologies were all achieved in 2021 when "industrial blockchain" was ignored by the public. These investments in underlying technology have, on the one hand, helped Ant Chain achieve the first 5 million “physical devices” on the chain globally; on the other hand, it also indicates that 5 million is just the beginning, just like in 2017 Same as Bitcoin.

Therefore, while people are still discussing the bandwidth and scalability advantages of new public chains such as Solana compared to Bitcoin and Ethereum, Ant Chain has already achieved a double billion-level on-chain Capabilities - Support 1 billion account sizes, support 1 billion daily transactions, and achieve 100,000 cross-chain information processing capabilities per second (PPS)

When hackers attack ordinary users' Bitcoin wallets, However, web3 still has no hardware solution, and there is nothing that can be done about it. Ant Chain has redesigned a complete set of industrial Internet encryption systems from system architecture, terminals, and chips.

During this process, the world’s largest blockchain patent exporter has not supported an ICO or issued a single coin. They built the industrial blockchain while standing up.

In fact, the blockchain itself is a thing that produces efficiency based on trust. As Jiang Guofei, the head of Ant Chain, repeatedly told the media, "Blockchain is a deep-seated trust connection technology, (it "'s mission) is to create better links and new value transfers in all walks of life."

This is the first 5 million of the blockchain, but it is a completely different 5 million from the past understanding. It is a door for a group of lonely Chinese IT people to open the future industry.

B. How do you know what you know is right

I have to say that it is really difficult to think about this matter, and it is even more difficult for us who grew up under the education system. Less is trained in this area. Despite this, we still have to think and think independently.
Because this matter is so important.

Let’s take a look at a passage from “Beyond Feelings”

Such situations can be seen everywhere in our lives.
There is an old Chinese saying, "It takes no effort to find a way out of iron shoes," which is similar to the above passage. When you feel like you are working toward your goalWhen you do something that you think is meaningful, you may be doing useless work; but when you give up that kind of thinking and do something casually, you are really doing something right.
The reality is so ironic and helpless. That’s why there are nihilists and completely uncertain people in this world.
Diligence becomes meaningless when right and wrong are unclear. And right and wrong are relative and change with the passage of time.
Cognition includes two levels of meaning:

Only with the above two levels can it mean that you have a certain kind of cognition, which means that you can answer yourself: "Well, I understand. ".
So although Nancy's answer is correct, it does not mean that she has that kind of knowledge. Because she doesn't know she knows.

Now let’s take a look at the blockchain investment world we live in:
1. BTC is the head of the entire digital currency (this is a known fact: Bitcoin (BTC) dominates: 55.1%)
2. Eth is the current application system (this is also a known fact)
3. Eos may replace eth in the future and become the next generation operating system. (This is a future prediction)
4. Blockchain technology will be like the Internet and will become the next wave sweeping the world like the current Internet (this is an analogy and a prediction)
5. When blockchain technology truly develops, more than 90% of the current tokens will disappear, while the remaining 1% or less will occupy the majority of the market share.

So based on 1-3, if you give a relatively large proportion of eos, it means that you are very confident in the prediction of 3.
So let’s back up, but are you like Marie, where you think you know, but in fact you might be wrong? ——And this requires you to make your own judgment, rather than simply listening to other people's opinions.
If you think you are right, then:
What is the basis you rely on?
Regarding 4. This is the consensus why we entered the currency circle, and this consensus truly forms a diffusion effect.
Based on the above understanding, the following is our strategy:
1. Hold firmly
2. What to hold
3. Allocation ratio

I simply excerpt two examples from the book:
Here are some consensus judgments,
1. The effect of venting anger is to weaken it and make us feel better.
2. Before Columbus arrived in the New World, the Native Americans lived in peace with each other and in harmony with the environment with respect,
Then let’s take a look at the actual situation,
1. After re-examining the evidence on anger, Carroll-Tavris concluded that the psychological principles of venting anger cannot withstand careful experimental consideration, and the weighing of the evidence clearly shows the opposite. Situations that express anger make you angrier, reinforce angry attitudes, and create a habit of hatred. If you remain calm about the temporary anger and distract yourself from your anger with a pleasurable activity Calm down and you'll probably feel better and get better faster than if you join in the yelling and arguing.
2. That's pure legend. Few tribes are completely peaceful. Many tribes are completely peaceful. The tribes were not only warlike, but also slaughtered children and women, and tortured their captives. Some tribes also engaged in interpersonal relationships, slaughtering the elderly, and knowing each other. As for their claim to respect nature and live in harmony with it , in fact, many tribes deforestation the forests on the land and unscrupulously harm the animals throughout the renewal period.

Looking for information
Forming a judgment based on the available information, and the basis for judgment is:
1. Existing evidence
2. Inference

So the action is very clear:
1. Obtain information and find out the basis
2. Train your logical reasoning ability

Investment is so important and you must do it yourself. Just like the path of life, you cannot listen to or blindly follow anyone's words, including the experts and experts in your eyes. It doesn't matter if one day you accidentally make a certain choice because of someone else's words. Anyway, I have to stumble in this world. If you don't stumble a few times, how can you walk well?
All choices should be based on your own judgment. I just hope there will be more active choices and less passive choices in the future.
Being passive is always bad. Just like you learn passively, watching movies, listening to lectures, newspapers, magazines, and even reading books is passive absorption. All thoughts that are like getting a ready-made answer without some hard thinking and pondering are passive behaviors.
Are you sure you are responsible for your own life based on your actions based on that answer? Are you responsible for your own money?

C. What platform did Columbus cat talk about?

It is a cloud computing platform.

Cloud computing platform is a cloud platform that provides computing, network and storage capabilities based on services of hardware resources and software resources. Cloud computing platforms can be divided into three types: storage cloud platforms that focus on data storage, computing cloud platforms that focus on data processing, and comprehensive cloud computing platforms that take into account both computing and data storage and processing.

Gartner predicts that content security services will account for 20% of the security services market in 2008 and will account for 60% of the market share by 2013. Security application services provided by cloud computing will beIncreased 3 times. Therefore, its safety issue is an unavoidable topic.

(3) When did Columbus blockchain technology begin? Extended reading:

Related content on cloud computing platforms:

1. In July 2011, China Telecom has officially launched the Nebula Project and carried out cloud computing field experiments in four cities: Guangzhou, Shanghai, Chengdu and Nanchang, specifically involving IDC upgrades, business platforms, capability open platforms, internal IT applications, etc. field.

2. In October 2010, Hangzhou was listed as one of the five pilot cities for cloud computing development in the country. Against this background, Xihu District combined its own industrial characteristics, seized the opportunity, and followed the "Government "Promote the construction idea of ​​​​combination with enterprise leadership", focus on practical results, and actively carry out the cultivation of cloud computing industry.

3. In April 2012, the city’s first cloud computing public service platform, the Xihu “Cloud Computing” technology shared service platform, was launched in Xihu District. At the same time, Xihu District also proposed innovative ideas for building a Hangzhou Cloud Computing Industrial Park, and in June 2012, it received approval from the former Hangzhou Municipal Information Office. The city's first cloud computing industrial park was officially settled in Xihu District.

D. What is the essential difference between Bitcoin and Ponzi schemes?

I write this not to deceive who will take over, nor to criticize the policy - I am quite supportive of the policy. of.

There is only one purpose for speaking out, to observe this multi-dimensional world from the perspective of Bitcoin.

Let me talk about the perspective first. Bitcoin is neither a tulip nor a Ponzi scheme. Of course, Bitcoin can never become the currency of the future, and it will definitely die - if you look at it from the perspective of time, there is no immortality in this world.

Comparing Bitcoin to tulips and Ponzi schemes has been around for a long time, including many so-called well-known "experts and scholars." It is actually difficult to say whether there was a "Tulip Bubble" in history and whether it was as exaggerated as recorded. If I have to give an example, it would be better to say "Clivia". The reason why the three are compared is simply that they have similarities. However, to arbitrarily evaluate the three as the same lacks the spirit of speculation and lacks a dimension. Twenty years ago, if you met Jack Ma, it would be hard not to suspect that he was a liar. Good business models and pyramid schemes, geniuses and lunatics, behave so similarly in some aspects.

If I have to define Bitcoin, my answer is: a new species, a beautiful shell in the Internet era.

To understand what Bitcoin is, we need to divide the world into two groups. One is currency under a strong political power, and the other is a free market without power or avoiding power. Looking at it from this perspective, Bitcoin is crystal clear.

Under a stable regime, we want a stable financial system and monetary policy that we can control. Bitcoin certainly does not meet the definition. Looking at it at this level, it would be considered tolerant to say that Bitcoin is a tulip. It isA naked Ponzi scheme.

But there are still many people in this world, people who live in unstable regimes or who want to avoid regimes. Bitcoin has formed a currency that empowers people, just like the shells many years ago. At this level, Bitcoin is already a "money".

We have the protection of the central bank and the convenience of the Internet, and Bitcoin is the central bank and Internet payment that we spontaneously trust in an unstable environment. For example, they are the central bank and "Alipay" of the Zimbabwean people in Kosovo.

Those true supporters of Bitcoin, no matter which region they live in, essentially think the same as people in the "currency region".

So what it is today is nothing more than a collision between two originally unrelated circles - people in the "non-monetary area" are speculating on Bitcoin and robbing the property of people in the "currency area" in disguise.

The day Bitcoin’s own commitment system is broken by higher technology will be the day Bitcoin dies.

If it cannot be broken, the world is still not at peace, and there is still no consensus, and Bitcoin still has a long way to go.

There is a movie by Stephen Chow called "Su Qier". The emperor said to Su Qier, the leader of the Beggars Gang, "You are a disciple of the Beggars Gang, and I feel uneasy." Su Qier replied, "What if? The emperor has good governance and the people live and work in peace and contentment, so who wants to be a beggar?”

E. Possible crimes for illegal “mining” activities such as mining “Bitcoin”

Illegal "mining" of encrypted digital currency may be suspected of criminal offenses

Author: Li Junnan, head of Shanghai Huaqin Jixin (Hangzhou) Law Firm

In recent years, Bitcoin has , Litecoin, Dogecoin and other encrypted digital currencies have attracted countless people with a get-rich-quick mentality to actively participate. Websites such as Binance, Huobi, and OKEx have rapidly expanded and have a large number of transaction participants. In addition to buying and selling, many People also choose to obtain encrypted digital currencies through "mining." A series of behaviors occur during the "mining" process, and some of these behaviors may be suspected of criminal offenses. The author believes that if you want to analyze behaviors that may be suspected of criminal offenses, you must first understand the concepts of encrypted digital currency and "mining" behavior.

The first part is about the concept and nature of encrypted digital currency and "mining"

1. The concept of encrypted digital currency

The colloquial term "virtual currency" is commonly used ” or “digital currency” refers to Bitcoin, Litecoin, USDT, Dogecoin, etc. In fact, the scope of “virtual currency” or “digital currency” is relatively broad, and generally refers to unregulated, digital currency, including our daily As we know, game currencies such as Tencent Q coins and Shanda Yuanbao, or network-specific coins that replace value-added services within websites, also include encrypted digital currencies. The various behaviors discussed in this article mayThe plot refers specifically to cryptocurrencies. Encrypted digital currency is a trading medium or commodity that uses cryptographic principles to ensure transaction security and control transaction units. It is derived from an open algorithm and has no fixed issuer or manager. It is decrypted through network computing methods to obtain the original number. Currency, because the total amount of algorithmic solutions is controllable, the total amount of digital currency is fixed, and the transaction process is recognized by each node in the network, resulting in the fixity or security of transaction behavior.

Encrypted digital currency is different from the digitization of physical currency or form of currency. The "Notice on Preventing Bitcoin Risks" [1] and the "Announcement on Preventing the Risks of Speculation in Virtual Currency Transactions" [2] clearly define their role The nature of virtual goods is that "they are not issued by monetary authorities, do not have monetary attributes such as legality and compulsory nature, are not real currencies, and should not and cannot be used as currency for circulation in the market." Currency was initially an item that was not easy to obtain in large quantities, and then turned into metals (especially gold and silver). These valuable items themselves were selected and given the right of exchange, and could be recycled and universalized according to a specific value ratio at a certain point in time. Exchange for other goods or services. After the government (including other entities with public credibility) is established, it issues legal currency and makes promises based on the government's credibility and gold and silver reserves. The legal currency can be used to replace physical currency in exchange for goods or services. Legal currencies (such as RMB, US dollars, British pounds, etc.) are endowed with social acceptance that represent a certain exchangeable value based on sovereign credit, monetary contract theory, and gold and silver reserves. The reason why society accepts it is because when issuing legal currency, the sovereign institution will make corresponding credit commitments for such shares of legal currency, and legal currency has the possibility of being converted into real physical value. Usually each sovereign country or region only uses one legal currency, which is issued and controlled by the central bank. It strictly follows the "MPQV" formula for calculation to avoid inflation or deflation that seriously deviates from the market.

There is no so-called sovereign credit or value support behind encrypted digital currency. It is a virtual object obtained through the confidentiality and circulation of blockchain technology and computer algorithms. Blockchain is an intelligent peer-to-peer network that uses distributed databases to identify, disseminate and record information. In 2009, the first block of Bitcoin was developed, which some people called the "genesis block". The purpose of the computer algorithm used to encrypt digital currency is to generate a virtual mark. This mark is considered by the set program to have completed the solution or operation result required by the program, and the mark is given a certain digital currency value based on the operation result. This value itself has no intrinsic value. It is the answer to a mathematical problem. At best, it may correspond to the research and development of the solution and the purchase price of the "mining machine", energy consumption price, etc. The former cannot represent valuables, while the latter only represents consumption. And there is no creation.

2. “Mining Machine” and “Mining”

The initial method to obtain encrypted digital currency is calculation, which requires the help of a computer (“mining machine”).Complex calculation process. The "mining machine" participates in mathematical calculations through the central processing unit chip or graphics card to carry out the "mining" process. If the result can be calculated, it is assigned a digital currency value or a fraction thereof. Taking Bitcoin as an example, "mining" is to find a random number (Nonce) to participate in the hash operation Hash (BlockHeader), so that the final hash value meets the difficulty requirements.

The participants and equipment materials involved in the "mining" process include miners, mining machines, mining machine sellers, mining pool managers, block confirmation and broadcasting, etc. A miner can be simply understood as every person or institution participating in "mining". A mining pool is a collection of miners aggregated in order to avoid the instability of a single miner's "mining" income. The income results are determined based on the calculation contributions of different miners. Allocation, block confirmation and broadcast are achieved through blockchain nodes mutually recognizing the proof of miner workload represented by a certain mining machine, accounting and notifying other nodes. Miners' earnings are stored in a keyed electronic wallet and can be viewed, used and traded. The form of "mining" is mainly divided into centralized hosting and distributed. The former is that the miner hosts the mining machine to a mining pool manager, the miner pays the electricity bill and management fee, and the mining pool manager performs unified operation and maintenance; the latter is Miners manage their own mining machines.

The author believes that there have not been any legal provisions regarding suspected illegal behavior before in the pure "mining" behavior. However, on May 21, 2021, the Financial Stability and Development Committee of the State Council held the 51st meeting. According to the spirit of the meeting, "resolutely crack down on Bitcoin mining and trading activities", and further regulations on illegal "mining" of virtual currencies should be issued thereafter.

Part II: The current status of illegal “mining” activities involving criminal crimes

1. The author uses “criminal cases” and “virtual Searching for keywords such as "currency" and "mining" on the China Judgment Documents Network found 132 documents. After studying and judging the case documents, the author found:

1. According to the trial procedures. First-instance judgments accounted for 81.81%; second-instance rulings accounted for 16.67%; trial supervision notices rejecting appeals accounted for 1.52%.

2. Based on the conviction. (1) The main distribution of convictions in the first instance is: the crime of theft is mainly theft of public power resources, the crimes related to computer systems are mainly the implantation of Trojan horse plug-ins in other people's computers, the use of controllable computer systems for mining by taking advantage of work positions, etc., illegal absorption The crimes of public deposits, fraud, fund-raising fraud, and crimes of organizing and leading pyramid schemes are not only related to "mining" but are also closely related to the issuance of encrypted digital currencies. A small number of theft crimes and other cases are mainly related to the sale and purchase of mining machines. Or other criminal acts resulting from illegal infringement after "mining" proceeds are obtained. A large number of cases involve a single crime, and a small numberSeveral crimes were punished concurrently. (2) The second-instance convictions were mainly for organizing and leading pyramid schemes, accounting for 50%; computer system-related crimes such as controlling, intruding, and destroying computer systems, accounting for 18.18%; and the remaining crimes (robbery, fund-raising fraud, and illegal recruitment of the public). Deposit crimes, theft crimes, etc.) accounted for 31.82%. Basically all cases were upheld.

2. The author also found through Internet search:

In May 2018, Tencent reported [3] that "Xi'an Weiyang District Procuratorate intervened in advance to steal virtual currency from a large network hacker. case, and approved the arrest of three suspects in the case. The three suspects are professional network technicians who organized a 'hacker alliance' to illegally invade other people's computer systems and transfer virtual currencies in the computers. The amount involved was as high as 600 million yuan."

In November 2020, Harbin News Network reported[4] that the Heilongjiang police arrested 28 suspects and successfully cracked a large-scale online pyramid scheme suspected of using "Columbus CAT Virtual Currency" and "mining" as a gimmick. The total value of the cases is nearly RMB 300 million.

An on-site legal report on May 8, 2021[5] stated that Wuhan Hongshan Police "announced the elimination of a technology company that developed APPs for Internet fraud gangs" and "Shengchang Technology" accepted the entrustment for customization Developed a virtual currency platform called Lianhe Zhongxin. After recharging with USDT, "it claims that after exchanging Lianzhongxin's unique currency ZBCT, you can purchase mining machines within the platform to generate profits." However, all pictures of the operation of the mining machines are It is an online picture, and you can use the background modification permissions to "modify the ZBCT price and specific revenue ratio at will." "Shengchang Technology" company "has developed more than 150 APPs and small programs involving blockchain, virtual currency, electronic wallets, online malls, etc. in three years, almost all of which were customized by online financial fraud and pyramid schemes groups" [6].

Published cases and online reports indicate that illegal and criminal activities related to encrypted digital currency “mining” have been rampant in recent years, using methods such as the Internet, with high amounts of money, complex nature of the behavior, and the participation of multiple actors. The victim groups are spread over a wide area and other characteristics.

Part III: Some thoughts on illegal “mining” activities involving criminal crimes

1. my country’s attitude towards illegal “mining” activities

From From the "Notice on Preventing Bitcoin Risks" issued by the People's Bank of China and other five ministries in December 2013 to the requirements of the 51st meeting of the Financial Stability and Development Committee of the State Council on May 21, 2021, encrypted digital currencies have been confirmed at the macro level. There may be risks during the issuance and trading process. Because of the decentralized and uncontrollable nature of encrypted digital currencies, they are favored by a large number of criminal activities.

On May 25, 2021, Inner Mongolia Development and Reform CommissionThe Commission issued the "Eight Measures to Resolutely Combat and Punish Virtual Currency "Mining" Behavior (Draft for Comments)". Before the release, it had pursued and intercepted virtual currency "mining" and trading behaviors many times. The Sichuan Supervision Office of the National Energy Administration issued the "Notice on Convening a Research Symposium on Virtual Currency "Mining"."

2. Internationally

Singapore, South Korea, Japan and other places have introduced industry regulations related to virtual currencies. Policies, such as investor thresholds, exchange licenses, real-name authentication mechanisms, etc., all have requirements. India is preparing to directly ban people from trading and holding encrypted digital currencies. The general trend in various countries and regions is gradually moving towards control.

3. Analysis of the illegality of illegal "mining" behavior

Simply individuals purchase or rent mining machines for encrypted digital currency "Mining" is not prohibited by law. It is an act of obtaining virtual goods based on personal needs. What needs to be prohibited is "mining" that is illegal.

The cases mentioned above show that the main criminal behaviors are:

1. Technical illegal grabbing

Some criminals use investors to purchase mining machines, or manage computers, or other convenient conditions, to “mine” for themselves by implanting Trojan viruses into computer systems, and are suspected of invading, controlling or destroying computer systems, or stealing from others. The cryptocurrency that has been obtained is suspected of theft.

2. Stealing power resources

Some criminals steal power for "mining" by setting up private cables, adding microcomputer controllers, etc., which has become a common problem in some areas. sex cases. Electricity theft not only directly illegally uses secret means and infringes upon public resources and the legitimate rights and interests of others, but may also cause fires due to line leakage, affect regional power supply arrangements and balance under energy conservation and emission reduction policies, and affect regional ladder power consumption. Electricity prices should be cracked down on.

3. Involved in the crimes of illegally absorbing public deposits, fraud, or organizing and leading pyramid schemes

(1) A claims to be able to sell (including post-sale custody) or lease The mining machine performs "mining", and A declares to the public that the mining machine has strong computing power (one of the main criteria for measuring the sales price or rental fee of a mining machine is computing power or configuration), claiming that it can obtain a certain amount of money every month. Cryptocurrency income returns. If the return is maintained at a certain fixed standard, A may be suspected of illegally absorbing public deposits.

(2) A claims that its mining machine has a certain standard of computing power, but it actually does not reach such computing efficiency, and even the mining machine does not actually exist. A accepts the purchase money and leasing fees paid by investors, and is suspected of fraud and contract fraud. Fraud or fund-raising fraud.

(3) A promotes the "mining" business through third-level and above agent channels, requiring agents at all levels to first purchase or lease a certain number of mining machines, and can introduce others to participate in the purchase or lease of mining machines for "mining" The behavior of "mining" can obtain floating income. That is to say, if the agent obtains membership qualifications by purchasing or renting a certain number of mining machines, and then obtains additional profit distribution by pulling people over, forming a three-level or above organizational structure, A will be suspected of organizing and leading pyramid schemes.

4. Further Thoughts

1.A does not have a mining machine or the mining machine does not meet its declared performance at all. The trusteeship is agreed upon at the time of the sale, or the presence of the mining machine is presented with false information when leasing, and various excuses are used to prevent investors from inspecting the site or inspecting the false location. However, A agrees with the investor on an exit mechanism and delivers investment income on a monthly basis. In the market Is the act of purchasing encrypted digital currency claiming to give "mining proceeds" to investors and earning interest differentials a crime? The author believes that A’s behavior is fraudulent. In essence, it is an act of fabricating facts or concealing the truth, making investors mistakenly believe that A has a mining machine that meets the publicity and can bring expected profits, so they pay the purchase price. or rental fees.

2.A issued an encrypted digital currency by itself, priced it by itself, and claimed that the mining machine rented by A can "mine" to obtain the encrypted digital currency. In fact, there is no mining machine for investors to use. It simply distributes encrypted digital currency to investors on a fixed basis based on their investment amount. A sets the amount of "mining" income through the program, and even infinitely adjusts the exchange price between the encrypted digital currency and the mainstream encrypted digital currency. Is it suspected of committing a crime? The author believes that A’s behavior is still a fraud. The encrypted digital currency may only operate in a closed loop in the network nodes controlled by A. Through a series of packaging, it takes advantage of investors’ return expectations and replaces legal currency with worthless digital products (also Investors may now be required to purchase mainstream encrypted digital currencies with legal currency and then invest with mainstream encrypted digital currencies to increase the concealment of the method), but in fact they are still illegally occupying the victim's property.

3.A has issued an encrypted digital currency. The purpose of investors leasing mining machines to participate in "mining" is not to be optimistic about the appreciation space of the encrypted digital currency, but to compare the encrypted digital currency with mainstream encrypted digital currencies. constant exchange ratio. Investors purchase the encrypted digital currency with their black or gray income, exchange it for mainstream encrypted digital currency in the closed-loop system, and obtain legal currency assets through buying and selling. Illicit proceeds involving the proceeds of crime are laundered through “mining.” Behavioral roots of ADepending on the degree of intentionality and participation in predicate crimes, he may be suspected of being an accomplice in predicate crimes, assisting network information criminal activities, covering up and concealing criminal proceeds, money laundering, etc.

In summary, a large number of people participate in "mining" behavior in anticipation of high returns. Under the temptation and deception of criminals, or driven by their own interests, illegal and criminal behavior may occur. The crimes involved in the case There are many types, and the means of behavior are becoming increasingly complex, concealed, and involving many people. Supervision needs to be strengthened to prevent the craze of encrypted digital currencies from providing a breeding ground for criminal activities.

F. GMPC Hybrid Chain has reached a strategic cooperation with the big data blockchain project GG56 to jointly promote the development of blockchain!

Recently, the 16th International Financial Forum (IFF) was held in Guangzhou. GMPC CEO Brian and Columbus Planet founder Park were invited by Han Seung-soo, Chairman of the 56th United Nations General Assembly, to participate in this forum. With the theme of "Global Stability: New Changes and New Developments", this annual meeting deeply discussed the future of digital finance. The important role in economic development and the important role that my country plays in the world blockchain economy.

At the end of the meeting, GMPC CEO Brian and Columbus Planet founder Park were invited to share a dinner with Han Seung-soo. During the period, Brian, founder and CEO of GMPC, started from the current development status of the global blockchain industry, deeply discussed the current situation, opportunities and challenges of the internationalization of Chinese enterprises under the trend of economic globalization, and put forward countermeasures and suggestions to ensure the global development of Chinese enterprises. convoy. Witnessed by Han Seung-soo, GMPC CEO Brian reached a cooperation intention with GG56 (Global Good 5 Oceans 6 Continents), a big data blockchain company founded by Han Seung-soo.

As an international financial public platform and strategic think tank, the International Financial Forum (IFF) has been hailed by the Secretary-General of the United Nations as the "F20 (Finance20)" in the global financial field. The International Financial Forum (IFF) adheres to and follows the purpose of "comprehensive and sustainable development - new capital, new value, new world" and is committed to building a world-class academic think tank and multilateral dialogue platform with strategic vision.

01

#focus on the future path of new globalization#

The International Financial Forum (IFF) has been held regularly every year since its establishment in 2003. Global annual meetings, previous annual meetings have attracted hundreds of political dignitaries and financial leaders from around the world. Including United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan, Ban Ki-moon, former European Central Bank President Jean-Claude Trichet, former Japanese Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama, His Highness Prince Turki of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, former British Prime Minister Tony Blair, and former Federal Reserve Chairman Paul Volcker, Secretary-General of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development Supachai, International MonetaryChristine Lagarde, President of the IMF, Caruana, President of the Bank for International Settlements, etc.

The previous annual meetings have yielded fruitful results, and the experts’ countermeasures and suggestions have had an important impact in the international financial field and become an important reference for formulating economic and financial policies. So far, the International Financial Forum (IFF) has attracted more than 1,000 leaders and well-known experts and scholars from all over the world in politics, economics, finance and other fields to participate in and deliver speeches at the annual meeting, with more than 10,000 participants, and has produced Widespread global impact.

The high-quality economic minutes of the International Financial Forum (IFF) promote international financial cooperation and development and have a decisive impact on the healthy development of international finance. Many political figures have highly recognized the important status of IFF.

The then UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon once said: I highly commend the International Financial Forum (IFF) for its valuable contribution to global policy dialogue. Therefore, the F20 Initiative: Reshape the Nature of Finance and Lead the Trend.

Trichet, former President of the European Central Bank, Chairman of the Group of 30, and European Chairman of the Trilateral Commission, spoke highly of the role played by the IFF since its establishment. He pointed out: The International Financial Forum (IFF) has always followed a comprehensive Sustainable development - the purpose of new capital, new value and new world. I must point out that this purpose of the International Financial Forum (IFF) is most in line with the current trend of improving the new international economic and financial pattern.

Paul Volcker, former chairman of the U.S. Federal Reserve and chairman of the U.S. President’s Economic Recovery Advisory Committee, also pointed out: The International Financial Forum (IFF) is an important platform dedicated to promoting international financial cooperation and development. I hope to continue this important mission.

The 16th Global Annual Conference of the International Financial Forum (IFF) is co-sponsored by the Guangzhou Municipal Government and the International Financial Forum (IFF), and jointly organized by the Guangzhou Local Financial Supervision Bureau, Guangzhou Nansha Development Zone Management Committee, Organized by International Financial Forum (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd. The annual meeting will conduct in-depth and comprehensive discussions around the theme of "Global Stability: New Changes and New Developments", and comprehensively explore pragmatic paths for financial innovation and stable development.

The guest lineup of this annual meeting is unprecedentedly strong, including nearly a hundred international guests, including eight former political figures and one current political figure. They are:

Former Prime Minister of Belgium He Man Van Rompuy;

Chairman Han Seung-soo of the 56th United Nations General Assembly;

Laurent Fabius, Chairman of the French Constitutional Committee and Chairman of the 21st United Nations Climate Change Summit;

Speaker of the Philippine House of Representatives and former President of the Philippines Arroyo;

Ernesto Zedillo, former President of Mexico and Director of the Center for Globalization Studies at Yale University;

Also attending this annual meeting were Carlos Dominguez, Secretary of Finance of the Philippines;Benjamin Diokno, Governor of the Central Bank of the Philippines; Ross Sevaara, Minister of State of the Ministry of Finance and Economy of Cambodia, etc.; leaders of the People’s Bank of China, China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, China Securities Regulatory Commission, China National Social Security Fund, as well as Guangdong Province, Shanghai Municipality, etc. More than 200 leading guests, including relevant leaders, financial and economic dignitaries and financial experts attended the annual meeting, focusing on the new development trends of globalization.

02

#Blockchain financial exploration drives financial innovation#

This forum mainly focuses on artificial intelligence, financial technology, venture capital, regional Blockchain, smart manufacturing and other hot topics collide with wisdom and build consensus. In the sub-venue of the "International Fintech Summit", guests took "Fintech and Digital Transformation" as the theme and deeply discussed the contemporary and practical significance of Fintech and digital transformation, blockchain financial exploration, and innovative development of payment methods.

03

# Seize every opportunity to cooperate with China#

With the development of the economy, the original financial system full of middlemen has Obvious problems have arisen, and inherent flaws and systemic risks in global economic governance continue to expand. Against this background, technological advancements and changes in financial solutions in the digital era provide a new perspective on the transformation of global economic governance.

Blockchain, as a framework underlying technology, can make use of technologies such as encrypted chain block structure, peer-to-peer network, distributed algorithm and data cloud storage, suggesting a more open and transparent , a financial system that is more easily accessible and creates new connection methods and business models.

GG56’s BTour Chain project is based on blockchain technology and is committed to improving the efficiency and effectiveness of the tourism industry, improving the structural problems of the tourism industry, promoting emerging tourism culture and donation culture, and aims to create a A new tourism ecology. Through technological innovation and the perfect integration of "blockchain + big data", GG56 will expand new application areas.

In the blockchain industry, China has always maintained an absolute leading position. On October 24, China’s national leaders emphasized at the 18th collective learning meeting that blockchain should be used as an important breakthrough for independent innovation of core technologies and accelerate the development of blockchain technology and industrial innovation; on October 28, China The central bank took the lead in launching the digital currency DCEP. A series of measures are announcing to the world China’s strength and determination to enter the blockchain industry. We need to seize every opportunity to cooperate with China.

Although blockchain technology can improve the problem of middlemen in the traditional financial model, blockchain data is native and cannot directly receive external data. Between the public chain and the alliance chain, the alliance chain and the alliance chain are like a parallel world, which cannot produce fastThe interaction behavior makes the value in the blockchain system unable to be transferred. This situation leads to a new problem - blockchain value island.

The problem of value islands has inhibited the development of blockchain technology. How can blockchain technology maximize its financial utility? The emergence of a new hybrid chain architecture is particularly important and urgent. Against this background, GMPC founder Brain proposed the concept of hybrid chains and created the world's first multi-chain composite hybrid chain GMPC. Based on the first MixLink protocol, GMPC The value islands in each blockchain transport traffic and exchange assets, and ultimately realize the interconnection of assets between public chains, alliance chains and even cross-chains, striving to overcome the value islands of the blockchain and achieve the interoperability of all things.

04

#GMPC conquers the island of value in the blockchain#

GMPC hybrid chain is committed to creating a scalable container, between GMPC and external When the external links interact, the external links do not need to change the original technical architecture. The purpose of interconnection and interoperability is achieved on the premise of respecting the original architecture of Wanlian as much as possible.

GMPC’s core technical architecture mainly includes three technical components: the first core component is the consensus language, which supports Turing complete language, etc.; the second GMPC’s TOKEN economic model and JBFT consensus mechanism are We improved the consensus mechanism based on the BFT consensus mechanism;

The third is the Mixlink protocol, which includes three levels of protocols: the first layer of protocols is the basic application traffic distribution protocol, Many Internet APPs and blockchain DAPPs can be connected to the hybrid chain ecosystem and distributed using the basic traffic distribution protocol; secondly, it also has an interaction protocol with external links, through which assets and information can be reached with external links The purpose of interoperability; the third is the value circulation agreement, which classifies different consensus mechanism external links and then summarizes them into the same multi-command, which can effectively improve efficiency. The third is the Mixlink protocol. This protocol includes three levels of protocols: The first level protocol is the basic application traffic distribution protocol, which can connect many Internet APPs and blockchain DAPPs to the hybrid chain ecosystem and utilize basic traffic. Distribution agreement for distribution; secondly, it also has an interaction agreement with external links, through which the purpose of asset and information exchange can be achieved with external links; the third is the value circulation agreement, which classifies external links with different consensus mechanisms, and then Boiled into the same multiple commands, this can effectively improve efficiency.

05

#GMPC and GG56 signed a strategic cooperation agreement#

GMPC Hybrid Chain takes promoting the development of the blockchain industry as its own responsibility and promotes the development of the blockchain industry. Chain ecology promotes new financial modelsWith good development as its own mission, GMPC Hybrid Chain’s solid blockchain technology has been highly praised by Han Seung-soo, former Prime Minister of South Korea and Chairman of the 56th United Nations General Assembly.

As the only South Korean project that won the bid under the strategic deployment of the Belt and Road Initiative, GMPC Hybrid Chain will work with the Guangzhou Municipal Government and the International Financial Forum to jointly build Nansha International Financial City, actively promote the implementation of the Belt and Road strategic projects, and maintain , develop the economies of China and South Korea.

In the golden age of blockchain development, cooperation can lead to win-win results. On January 4, 2020, the G Pay Global Launch Conference and Cooperation Strategy Signing Conference concluded successfully in Qingdao. GMPC founder Brian CHOI and GG56 China President Shen Zaiyuan were invited to attend the conference and deliver speeches. Witnessed by the guests present, GMPC founder Brian CHOI and GG56 China President Shen Zaiyuan signed a strategic cooperation agreement. The two companies will carry out in-depth cooperation in areas such as blockchain technology and payment models to jointly promote the development of blockchain.

G. The historical process of economic globalization and China’s opportunities and challenges

Economic globalization is a process in which countries are interconnected and interdependent, and it is the only way for the development of human society. Only by deeply understanding the historical logic and development trends of economic globalization can we better understand the inevitability behind the historical process of economic globalization and grasp the initiative to participate in and lead economic globalization.

The historical process of economic globalization

First, colonial expansion and the formation of the world market. Western countries relied on extortion, power occupation, and colonial expansion to basically complete the division of the world before World War I. All nations in all regions of the world were involved in the capitalist world system. In the 14th century, factory handicrafts with an employment relationship appeared in cities such as Florence, Italy, and capitalism began to sprout, promoting the development of the commodity economy. Early capitalists and adventurers were eager to acquire specialties outside Europe (such as Chinese silk, porcelain, tea, etc.), and they also hoped to sell European goods to China, India, and other Eastern countries. The explorations of Dias, Columbus, Vasco da Gama and Magellan opened up new routes to the East and the rest of the world. The opening of the new route completely announced the end of isolation around the world. The world began to become a whole, and traffic from Europe to Asia, America, and Africa became increasingly closer. The process of opening up new shipping routes was also the process of colonial countries conquering and plundering colonies. The development of large tracts of land in the United States led to the rise and prosperity of the triangular trade. European commodities were continuously exported to Africa, but in exchange for nearly 100 million slaves; American gold, silver and industrial raw materials were shipped to Europe by ship, promoting the development of European capitalist economy.

In 1765, the British weaver Hargreaves invented the Jenny machine, which began the first scientific and technological revolution in human history. In 1785, Watt's improved steam engine was used in the textile field, and mankind entered the steam age. Subsequently, steam power was used in the transportation sector, trains and steamships were invented one after another, and production efficiency increased rapidly. Capitalist GuomingAs the former's industrial products were sold abroad, Asia, Africa and Latin America became its industrial raw material supply base and commodity dumping market, and the world's economic connections became increasingly closer. In the 1870s, the second scientific and technological revolution began, marked by the widespread use of electricity. Cars, telegraphs, telephones, airplanes, etc. They came out and were put into use one after another, which promoted the development of capitalist economy, monopoly organizations began to form, and capitalist countries entered the monopoly stage. In 1969, the Suez Canal was officially opened to traffic and controlled by Britain and France. In 1914, the Panama Canal was officially opened to traffic and controlled by the United States. This greatly shortened the voyages around the world and made the world's economic activities more closely connected in time and space.

Second, two parallel world market stages. While productivity promotes the development of world capitalism, it also pushes capitalism toward self-denial. An important result of World War I was the establishment of a socialist system in the Soviet Union. Corresponding to the establishment of new social systems is the emergence of new production methods. This new method of production showed its vitality not only in the Soviet Union, but also throughout the world. Thus, a new world market emerged. After the end of World War II, with the birth of a number of socialist countries, the independence of colonial and semi-colonial countries, and the formation of the two major camps of socialism and capitalism in the world, this new world market has become a parallel existence with the capitalist world market. These two parallel world markets are not completely closed to each other, but are competing fiercely with each other driven by the third scientific and technological revolution marked by technological breakthroughs in atomic energy, electronic computers, aerospace, microelectronics, and bioengineering. , and there is a certain degree of cooperation. Internally, they are deepening cooperation within their respective systems and promoting various forms of integrated development; externally, capital is undergoing a new round of expansion on a global scale, promoting economic globalization toward systematization and institutionalization. In general, economic cooperation among countries around the world has been further deepened, and connections around the world have become more convenient.

In the new century, the "forward driving force and backward resistance" of economic globalization have gained new momentum. On the one hand, with the information revolution as the forerunner, a new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation has played a new chapter in world interconnection. Various new technologies and new systems have connected the world more closely and further deepened the relationship between global interests and responsibilities. shared. On the other hand, anti-globalization thoughts are surging. The United States has put forward the slogan "America First" and promoted unilateralism in international affairs. The development of economic globalization has encountered huge resistance.

With the development of productivity, economic globalization will continue to develop.

Economic globalization will encounter such great resistance. Although radicalizing the relationship with old production cannot prevent the development of new productive forces, it is closely related to doing everything possible to hinder the development of new productive forces before withdrawing from the stage of history. With the development of economic globalization, the balance of power among various interest groups around the world and within countries has changed greatly, but the old distribution pattern of wealth and power has not been broken. The old pattern and the old system have hindered the development of a new round of economic globalization that is compatible with the new technological revolution and industrial transformation through the remaining power, and have a negative impact on the new round of economic globalization.pose a huge challenge.

Secondly, economic globalization will amplify economic crises and form the second self-denial of economic globalization. With the continuous development of economic globalization, economic and trade exchanges between countries in the world have become increasingly frequent, and the degree of interdependence has gradually increased. The trend of “everyone prospers, everyone loses” is becoming increasingly obvious. Contemporary economic globalization is mainly dominated by capitalist production relations, which makes the basic contradictions of capitalism expand to the world along with economic globalization. When the basic contradictions of capitalism develop to a certain extent, a world economic crisis will erupt. In addition, economic globalization is to a large extent the globalization of the market economy. As the market economy expands globally, it also extends its spontaneity and blindness to the world, thereby exacerbating the disorder and risks of the world economy and triggering the outbreak of the world economic crisis. It can be seen that economic globalization can not only realize the global flow of resources such as commodities, capital, technology, and labor, but also improve the efficiency of resource allocation. At the same time, the economic risks of a single country will be spread to other countries. If economic globalization further develops according to the current model, the risk of global crisis will become greater and greater, and criticism of economic globalization will become stronger and stronger.

Finally, economic globalization will amplify social unrest and form the third self-denial of economic globalization. First, economic globalization makes wealth distribution more global, leading to unfair wealth distribution. The social class contradictions in one country have expanded to the whole world. It can be said that with the development of current and past economic globalization, class conflicts will deepen, more and more people will be involved, and the area affected will become wider and wider. If social unrest occurs, the scale will be even larger. This makes economic globalization likely to be opposed by those who hope to ease class conflicts. Second, economic globalization has strengthened the connection and interaction between domestic factors and international factors in various countries, increasing the probability that international issues will induce domestic turmoil, and domestic problems will trigger international turmoil. Turbulence that originally only occurred locally or within a certain country is likely to expand to the entire world through the flow of factors. Countries implicated in causing unrest are likely to blame economic globalization for their losses.

Nevertheless, we must see that economic globalization is linked to the development of new productivity. At present, with the development of society and the progress of the times, the new generation of information technology represented by artificial intelligence, quantum information, mobile communications, the Internet of Things, and blockchain is accelerating the breakthrough and use, promoting the in-depth development of economic globalization and making the connections between countries more close. For example, the emerging new information service models such as online live broadcasts, short videos, mobile games, online education, and cloud computing all have the characteristics of global consumption. The real economy and information technology are deeply integrated, and the level of digitization, networking, and intelligence of physical products is constantly improving. With the help of information networks, big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence and other information technologies, physical products can be used in any corner of the world. Provide information technology support. Information communication breaks through geographical restrictions and moves from quantitative changes to qualitative changes. In terms of information alone, human beings will even leap from a "global village" to the level of "one family".Culture provides a broader world.

In the new century, new discoveries in life sciences, new breakthroughs in biotechnology, and new developments in the biotechnology industry have greatly changed the process of human and social development. For example, the increasingly mature transgenic technology, cloning technology, and the accelerating development of genomics technology, proteomics technology, bioinformation technology, biochip technology, stem cell tissue engineering and other key technologies have promoted the rapid development of the biotechnology industry and profoundly changed It affects human health, agriculture, population and food status. This will not only give human individuals longer lives and expand opportunities and willingness for global exchanges; it will also bring about changes in concepts, minimize the occurrence of conflicts and loss of wealth from an individual perspective, and make the world more peaceful and stable. Make the global flow of production factors safer. Advanced manufacturing technology that integrates robots, digitization, and new materials is accelerating the transformation of manufacturing into intelligent, service-oriented, and green. The accelerating development of energy technology with the goal of clean, efficient, and sustainable will trigger global energy changes, space and oceans. Technology is expanding new frontiers for human survival and development. This also means that the space for economic globalization is constantly expanding. In addition, a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation are gathering strength, spawning a large number of new industries, new business formats, and new models, which will bring about earth-shaking changes to global development and human production and life. All this means that economic globalization is the result of material forces and will inevitably develop with the development of new productive forces.

China's development must conform to the general trend of economic globalization

"Economic globalization is a historical trend. The Yangtze River, the Nile River, the Amazon River, and the Danube River are rushing forward day and night. Although there will be some back waves, although there will be some backlash, We have encountered many dangerous shoals and reefs, but no one can stop the momentum of the great rivers.” Therefore, China’s development must conform to the general logic and trend of economic globalization and firmly seize the historic opportunities of economic globalization. .

First, work together to win the battle against the global epidemic and stand at a new starting point for a new round of economic globalization. During the epidemic prevention and control period, China took the initiative to cooperate with relevant countries and international organizations to provide the international community with urgently needed epidemic prevention materials of high quality and quantity. It implemented the concept of a community with a shared future for mankind with practical actions, which strongly proved that unity and cooperation are the most powerful force for the international community to defeat the epidemic. weapons and optimizing the global public health governance mechanism is the best way to safeguard public health security. To win the battle against global epidemic prevention and control, we should strengthen the role of multilateral mechanisms such as the World Health Organization, effectively transform the experience and practices formed in international anti-epidemic cooperation into a fundamental and long-term institutional system, and build a solid iron wall for global public health security; Strengthen international macroeconomic policy coordination, maintain the stability and smoothness of global industrial and supply chains, and promote world economic recovery.

Second, adhere to mutual benefit, win-win results and common development, and promote the construction of a new open world economic pattern. Building a new open world economic pattern is the only way to promote the healthy development of economic globalization and build a better world. To this end, we need to adhere to mutual benefit and common development, optimize the layout of the global industrial chain, and ensureTo ensure the security of the global supply chain, establish and improve mechanisms for resolving trade frictions, and accelerate consultations on trade and investment liberalization and facilitation; advocate multilateral free trade mechanisms, expand the free trade "circle of friends", actively share development experience, and enhance people's livelihood and well-being.

Third, adapt to the great changes in the world and improve the global governance system. Since the beginning of the new century, emerging market countries and developing countries have emerged as a group. As the balance of international power changes and global challenges increase, it is an inevitable trend to strengthen global governance and promote changes in the global governance system. At present, the reform of the global governance system is not about tearing down and starting over, and it should not adopt the old thinking of the Cold War and zero-sum game. Instead, it must actively supplement, reform, and maintain the international system with the United Nations at its core and the international order based on international law. Improve the existing international order, promote the reform of multilateral mechanisms such as the World Trade Organization, promote the development of the global governance system in a more fair and reasonable direction, and reserve stronger institutional dividends for the in-depth development of a new round of economic globalization.

Fourth, promote dialogue among civilizations and green development, and accumulate new momentum for the development of economic globalization. Adhere to mutual respect and equal treatment, adhere to the beauty of beauty and share beauty, adhere to openness, inclusiveness, mutual learning and mutual learning, and promote exchanges of civilizations to transcend civilizational barriers, mutual learning of civilizations to transcend civilizational conflicts, and coexistence of civilizations to transcend superiority. Accelerate global green development, strengthen cooperation on ecological environment, biodiversity and climate change response, jointly protect our planet, build the foundation of ecological civilization, and follow the path of green development. Through civilized dialogue and green development, we will expand new space and opportunities for the development of economic globalization and promote a stronger foundation, deeper level, and more sustainable economic globalization.

To conform to the general trend of economic globalization, we should also have a deep understanding of the negative factors of economic globalization. First, we must coordinate openness and security. It is necessary to open windows and expand opening up, but also to install screens to better maintain economic security. In the new stage of development, we must plan domestic development in the context of economic globalization, make full use of two markets and two resources, promote market-oriented reform and promote high-quality development by comprehensively expanding opening up, and strengthen industrial competitiveness and economic development with stronger industrial competitiveness and economic development. Strength and comprehensive national strength to ensure economic security and participate in a higher level of economic globalization with a safer economic system. We must comply with the laws of economic development in major countries, take the expansion of domestic demand as the fundamental foothold of economic development, accelerate the construction of a new development pattern, coordinate opening up and reform and development, and find the golden combination of openness and security.

Second, we must effectively prevent and resolve risks. We must adhere to bottom-line thinking, resolutely guard the bottom line and red lines, resolutely implement the decisions and arrangements of the Party Central Committee, stabilize the basics of foreign trade and foreign investment, stabilize the global industrial and supply chains, and implement risk prevention in a practical manner. It is necessary to grasp the intensity, progress and depth of expanding opening up, actively respond to traditional and non-traditional security risks, and better safeguard national economic security.

Third, we must improve our ability to participate in and lead economic globalization. It is necessary to improve its rule-making capabilities, pursue multilateral, regional and bilateral efforts simultaneously, actively participate in a new round of global rule-making, oppose protectionism, and safeguard free trade and multilateralism. It is necessary to improve safety assurance capabilities and apply internationally accepted rules, improve industrial security mechanisms, improve economic security risk early warning, improve foreign investment security review, industrial damage early warning, trade relief and other mechanisms to safeguard my country's development interests. It is necessary to improve the talent security capabilities, actively cultivate international talents in economics, law, management, negotiation and other fields, and increase my country's representation in international organizations.

As a part of world history, economic globalization cannot be denied no matter how people criticize it and no matter what twists and turns there may be in its development process. Therefore, what we can do is to deeply understand the historical process, development trends and the inevitability behind economic globalization, and use a "brave" attitude to seek advantages and avoid disadvantages in the process of economic globalization, seize the initiative in development, and realize China's The Chinese dream of great national rejuvenation.

Related questions and answers: Economic globalization is manifested in production globalization, trade globalization, capital globalization, and technological globalization. Economic globalization refers to the increase in the scale and form of cross-border trade in goods and services and capital flows, as well as the widespread and rapid spread of technology, which has increased the interdependence of economies around the world. Economic globalization has shown strong vitality and has had a huge impact on the economy, politics, military, society, culture and other aspects of all countries around the world, including the way of thinking. This is a profound revolution that no country can avoid. The only way is to adapt to it, actively participate in economic globalization, and be tested in the historical tide.