数据治理与区块链的关系,数据区块链技术

『一』 Multiple types of data are shared on the "chain", online and offline services are coordinated, and blockchain government affairs make things easier

"Blockchain + Government Affairs" Conference What kind of sparks result from the collision? Mawei Xingang Community in Fuzhou City, Fujian Province uses blockchain technology to solve the pain points of government informatization and launches a "blockchain + community certification" application. "This application can easily realize the electronic issuance of certificates required by enterprises and the masses, promote the transformation from 'reduced certificates' to 'no certificates', let data run instead of people running errands, improve service efficiency, and better serve the people. "Ms. Zhu, a citizen of Fuzhou, said.

Provident funds can be transferred and continued in other places

"Post-90s" Chen Jing joined a new company at the end of last year, and her work location changed from Hangzhou, Zhejiang to Chengdu, Sichuan. If you change your workplace, how can you transfer the previously accumulated housing provident fund to a new account? After consultation, Chen Jing learned that by searching for the "National Housing Provident Fund" applet on her mobile phone, she could realize the transfer to other places. According to the relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the "National Housing Provident Fund" applet will be launched online in October 2021. The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development has built a credible data environment for the operation of the applet by deepening the application of new technologies such as blockchain to ensure that depositors information and financial security. Thanks to blockchain technology, depositors can transfer housing provident fund accounts and funds across cities through mini programs. They no longer need to go to the counter to handle off-site transfers and continuations, greatly shortening the processing time and further facilitating the cross-regional flow of human resources. .

Multiple types of data are shared on the "chain", online and offline services are coordinated, and the use of blockchain technology improves the efficiency of government departments and public satisfaction. For example, Haidian District in Beijing has opened a "Blockchain Zone" on the Haidiantong APP, which can directly handle public rental housing subsidies, Haidian District high-tech talent training subsidy approval, etc... With the application of new technologies such as blockchain, many government affairs The service realizes "one-stop service and full online service".

In addition, Zhuzhou City in Hunan Province has also innovated administrative approval service methods and launched blockchain application scenarios for electronic certificates, effectively improving the level of government data sharing and business collaboration efficiency; Fuzhou City has launched the "Rongcheng on the Chain" plan , exploring the use of blockchain technology in four fields including e-government, financial technology, social governance, and people's livelihood security.

Why does the government field favor blockchain technology? Industry insiders believe that blockchain technology has the characteristics of non-tampering, security, confidentiality and traceability, and is highly suitable for government service needs such as cross-domain data sharing and business collaborative management. It can actively operateThe use of blockchain technology can solve problems such as difficulty in data sharing and business collaboration in the government service process, and improve government management services and overall coordination capabilities.

Effectively supporting people’s livelihood services

Related management service platforms based on blockchain in many places in China have been launched frequently: in Jiangsu, the country’s first transfer of idle residential use rights based on blockchain technology The transaction was successfully completed. Relying on the provincial information service platform, the transaction information can be directly uploaded to the "chain" for certificate storage, ensuring that the housing source is credible and the results are traceable; in Zhejiang, the first intellectual property blockchain public certificate storage platform was officially launched, providing data Assets, original designs and other intellectual property rights provide efficient and fast certificate storage services; in Yunnan, the Provincial Market Supervision Administration and the Provincial Key Laboratory of Blockchain Application Technology jointly carry out Yunnan Province’s blockchain underlying chain food traceability work based on domestically produced independent , through blockchain technology, we can promote product source traceability, one-stop code, logistics tracking, responsibility identification and credit evaluation, so that blockchain technology can truly contribute to people's livelihood services.

Hu Kai, a professor at the School of Computer Science at Beihang University, told this reporter that the current blockchain industry applications are mainly divided into four categories: real economy, financial services, social governance and people's livelihood services. The government attaches great importance to guiding blockchain The application of chain in manufacturing, energy, government affairs, education and other fields has been implemented.

Active drive at the policy level has allowed blockchain to continue to advance in industries such as judicial evidence storage and transportation and shipping data sharing. In May, the Supreme People's Court issued the "Opinions of the Supreme People's Court on Strengthening the Judicial Application of Blockchain", proposing that by 2025, a blockchain alliance for interoperability and sharing between people's courts and all walks of life should be established to form a relatively complete blockchain judicial system. Field application standard system. In June, the Ministry of Transport issued the "Guidelines for the Construction of an Electronic Platform for Imported Dry Bulk Cargo Entry and Port Business Based on Blockchain" in June, proposing to promote the in-depth integration and development of blockchain technology and the transportation industry.

Let data flow safely and orderly

Hu Kai believes that today, with the rapid development of the digital economy, numbers and data are key elements for future social development, but there are still legal issues behind the data. , interoperability, privacy, security, traceability, storage, transactions and many other complex issues. How to make data flow more securely and orderly? Blockchain technology has broad room for development.

Blockchain technology is accelerating breakthrough applications and playing a role in establishing a trustworthy and secure digital economic order and promoting high-quality economic and social development. The China Academy of Information and Communications Technology released the "Blockchain Infrastructure Research Report (2022)" in July this year, proposing that as the scale of blockchain infrastructure construction continues to expand and operating capabilities continue to increase, blockchain can not only be used in encrypted digital Currency and other scenarios can also be applied in manufacturing, service industries and other fields. Typical application scenarios such as digital collections, data circulation, supply chain finance, and product traceability have emerged.

『二』Big data and blockchain

This story still has to start from the comparisonTalking about Bitcoin

Bitcoin, an electronic cash system, is both disintermediation (electronic cash between individuals does not require the intervention of a trusted third-party intermediary) and decentralization (an institution provides Responsible for maintenance) (both parties to the transaction can complete the transaction without establishing a trust relationship)

Hash function: Convert any long string into a fixed-length output (the calculation process cannot be too complicated ), the output of the hash function will be completely different if the input string changes slightly.

Blockchain: Divide large things into many blocks for storage. As long as one thing is tampered with, the data below will be different and it will be discovered

Uses blockchain (data structure hash function) to ensure that the ledger cannot be tampered with, uses digital signature technology to ensure that only you can use your own account, and uses p2p network and POW consensus mechanism to ensure decentralized operation.

Blockchain is a method that uses block chain data structures to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithms to generate and update data, and uses cryptography to ensure data transmission and access security. A new distributed infrastructure and computer paradigm.

Three elements:

The essence of blockchain is a distributed ledger, a kind of database. The blockchain uses a hash algorithm to ensure that information cannot be tampered with, uses public keys and private keys to identify identities, and collectively maintains a reliable database in a decentralized and disintermediated manner.

The differences between big data and blockchain are mainly reflected in the following aspects.

(1) Data volume. Blockchain technology is a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithms. The amount of data processed by the blockchain is small and has a meticulous processing method. Big data manages massive amounts of data, which requires breadth and quantity, and the processing methods will be rougher.

(2) Structured and unstructured. Blockchain is a block with a rigorously defined structure. The chain composed of pointers is a typical structured data, while big data needs to process more unstructured data.

(3) Independence and integration. In order to ensure security, the blockchain system's information is relatively independent, while the focus of big data is the integrated analysis of information.

(4) Direct and indirect. Blockchain is a distributed ledger, which is essentially a database, while big data refers to in-depth analysis and mining of data, which is a kind of indirect data.

(5)CAP theory. C (Consistency) means consistency. It means that any read operation can always read the result of the previously completed write operation. That is, in a distributed environment, multiple pointsThe data is consistent. A (Availability) refers to availability, which refers to obtaining data quickly and returning operation results within a certain time. P (Tolerance of Network Partition) is partition tolerance, which means that when a network partition occurs (that is, some nodes in the system cannot communicate with other nodes), the separated system can also operate normally. CAP theory tells us that a distributed system cannot meet the three requirements of consistency, availability, and partition tolerance at the same time. It can only meet two of them at the same time. As the saying goes, "You can't have your cake and eat it too." Big data usually chooses to implement AP, and blockchain chooses to implement CP.

(6) Basic network. The underlying infrastructure of big data is usually a computer cluster, while the infrastructure of the blockchain is usually a P2P network.

(7) Source of value. For big data, data is information, and value needs to be extracted from the data. For blockchain, data is an asset and the inheritance of value.

(8) Calculation mode. In the big data scenario, one thing is assigned to multiple people. For example, in the MapRece computing framework, a large task will be decomposed into many subtasks and assigned to many nodes for calculation at the same time. In the blockchain scenario, multiple people are allowed to do one thing repeatedly. For example, many nodes in the P2P network record a transaction at the same time.

『三』How to digitize social governance? Will digitalization be the form of future society?

Social governance is an important part of smart cities. Social governance requires the participation of multiple parties and the coordination of all parties. interests of all parties and ensure that society can be managed in an orderly and sustainable manner in the long term. Social governance emphasizes the process and the interactive relationship between governance subjects. From this perspective, blockchain technology has the characteristics of witnessing rules and joining interactions. It is an ideal way to record information and can even be verified after recording. In addition, the information stored on the blockchain is distributed, which means that it will be difficult to destroy the information, but easy to access the information.

Whether it is a developed or developing country, a common problem faced by government departments is the lack of positive interaction between the government and the public. Faced with the bureaucratic system and relatively backward governance methods of organizations, government departments can use blockchain technology to shape a more efficient administrative system and promote innovation in government governance and public models. For the government, blockchain technology not only means paperless office and efficiency and cost optimization, but also means a series of changes from the optimization of data management processes to governance thinking. If blockchain technology can be properly utilized and used to solve issues such as privacy, security, identity, and information connectivity, it will bring improvements to social governance in the following aspects.

1) Electronic text: Blockchain can carry allGovernment legal files, whether ownership or intellectual property rights, can be registered and tracked.

2) Reduce costs: Reduce the complexity and cost of data collection.

3) Data management: Improve the data management process to facilitate data integration between different departments.

4) Improve efficiency: simplify the process of multi-party transactions, provide machine trust, and reduce intermediary departments.

5) Improve security: Prevent huge losses caused by single-point attacks.

6) Traceability: Control the flow of assets and prevent corruption.

7) Provide credible evidence: The permanent preservation and non-tamperability of the blockchain can ensure the authenticity and credibility of the data on the chain.

8) Open data: Improve government transparency and enhance public confidence.

In addition to the empowering application of blockchain technology, digital governance must also rely on new generation information technologies such as big data and artificial intelligence to innovate social governance methods and means, optimize social governance models, and promote social governance. Be scientific, refined and efficient, and improve the modernization level of the governance system and governance capabilities.

『四』What is data blockchain (BlockChain)

Blockchain is a new application model of distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm and other computer technologies. . Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin.

It is essentially a decentralized database. At the same time, as the underlying technology of Bitcoin, it is a series of related data using cryptographic methods. Each data block generated contains a batch of Bitcoin network transaction information, which is used to verify the validity of the information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block.

(4) Extended reading on data governance and blockchain

Most public blockchain chains are limited by scalability. The biggest feature of blockchain technology is decentralization, which requires all ledgers in the network to handle the accounting process. Distributed accounting has high security, low misoperation rate, and is also politically neutral and correct.

However, while blockchain technology embraces these characteristics, it sacrifices scalability, cannot meet personalized supervision, and is slightly insufficient in protecting data privacy. Moreover, as the number of ledgers increases, the interaction delay will increase exponentially, which means that the more ledgers in the blockchain network, the higher the latency will be.

『五』 In the era of digital economy, innovative application scenarios of blockchain continue to expand

In the era of digital economy, blockchain, as a new driving force for economic growth, is leading a new round of global technology Revolution and industrial change. At present, blockchain is developing rapidly and penetrating into all areas of our country's economy. It not only strengthens the resource allocation capabilities of the digital economy, but also plays a vital role in promoting high-quality economic development and improving the national governance system and governance capabilities.The level of modernization is of great significance.

Blockchain is the new engine driving digital development

As the role of blockchain in the digital economy grows, its innovative applications continue to expand. According to the "China Mobile Internet Development Report (2021)", "There were nearly 2,000 blockchain projects across the country last year, and the blockchain market size exceeded 3.2 billion yuan."

China Academy of Information and Communications Technology Industrial Internet and Liu Yang, deputy chief engineer of the Internet of Things Research Institute, once said that blockchain is a trust infrastructure necessary for the development of economic activities. It provides inclusive public services for finance, agriculture, industry, energy and other industries and the public. It is also a Collaboration tools, transforming production relations, and integrating with the real economy will improve collaboration efficiency and reduce costs.

In fact, blockchain is called "the next generation of Internet-level technology" because of its disruptive innovation, and is considered the most revolutionary among strategic emerging technologies. In October 2019, blockchain was elevated to a national strategic level. In April 2020, blockchain was included in the new infrastructure and was listed as one of the seven "key digital economy industries" in the "14th Five-Year Plan". In the future, blockchain will usher in new opportunities for innovation and development.

However, Zhang Chao said that currently, data governance on the blockchain is still a huge challenge at a global level. First, data governance requires a clear regulatory subject, but in blockchains or distributed ledgers (or public chains) other than alliance chains, a relatively clear object may not be found as a regulatory subject; secondly, due to the The data on the chain cannot be easily tampered with, which means that during the data governance process, the rights of the data owner to modify and delete the data may not be fully protected.

Blockchain innovative application scenarios continue to expand

Driven by favorable policies and market demand, blockchain innovative application scenarios continue to expand. In recent years, in addition to the two major outbreak scenarios of finance and government affairs, there is even more promise in empowering the field of rule of law. On the one hand, the multi-faceted and multi-field application of "blockchain + rule of law" can effectively improve the efficiency of rule of law construction; on the other hand, blockchain technology can also help public prosecutors and law enforcement agencies crack new criminal cases.

Industry insiders believe that based on the analysis and tracking of massive on-chain data, blockchain technology provides governments, enterprises and users with on-chain data monitoring, transaction maps and on-chain address analysis. For suspected criminal activities such as virtual currency, the blockchain browser provides on-chain data tracking to combat virtual currency crimes, maintain national financial security, and provide "blockchain power" for the construction of Digital China.

『Lu』 improves data security governance and Ouke Cloud Chain builds a "security protection wall" for the industry

At present, my country's financial technology innovation has shown specific advantages that lead the world.

For example, big data technology was first used to establish digital trust, discover credit through data mining, explore credit value, and promote credit popularization; digital process reengineering focusing on efficiency, financial institutions transformed centralized architecture into "centralized + distributed "Form + Data Cloud" architecture, promote digital process reengineering focusing on financial service efficiency, etc.

Under the general goal of maintaining national financial security, apply secure data technology, build secure data infrastructure, and build an effective data security system to ensure data collection, storage, processing, application, etc. Security while protecting data privacy.

With the vigorous development of 5G, big data, and cloud computing, the importance of data security is gradually recognized by governments, enterprises, and institutions. However, the acceleration of the digitalization process has also exposed enterprises to more complex and diverse network security and data security risks. At the same time, network security and data security construction lag behind corporate technological transformation, and some companies have also paid a heavy price. In 2021, the "Data Security Law" and "Personal Information Protection Law" will come out at the right time, moving information security from the "barbaric era of the Internet" and "the era of cyber security laws" to the "era of great compliance."

Digitalization is both an opportunity and a challenge

In the view of Nie Guibing, an expert on information and data security at Anheng, the introduction of the above two laws is an opportunity. He believes: "Many people think this is a challenge. However, it is precisely with these laws that the legal boundaries are drawn for governments and enterprises, that is, which data can be opened to the outside world, shared, and used. For example, the big data trading center does not have the support of these two laws. It is difficult to develop the business of a big data trading center."

Li Lihui, former president of the Bank of China and leader of the blockchain working group of the China Internet Finance Association, spoke at the Monetary and Financial Roundtable held on October 16 It was also stated at the Digital Finance and Commercial Bank Management Seminar that data security governance should be given priority.

In the field of data security, some companies rely on the company's internal data security team, and some companies rely on professional data security companies. On the road to increasing the security supervision of blockchain big data, Ouke Cloud Chain Zhang Chao believes that the value of blockchain big data analysis can be combined with supervision and anti-money laundering. For combating new crimes, the most important task of supervision is to break the pain point of anonymity: that is, how to analyze addresses on the chain through data analysis, and then conduct user profile analysis to find criminal suspects. The technical characteristics of blockchain can effectively make up for the information security problems faced in the application of 5G technology, effectively increasing human trust in 5G.

Once the data transmitted through 5G is uploaded to the chain, no individual or organization can change the data. Once someone illegally tamperes with the data, the blockchain can also trace it back and immediately lock the tamperer. This also provides a new direction for the subsequent product research and development of Ouke Cloud Chain.

Ouke Cloud Chain adds a new weapon to the industry

In recent years, my country's virtual currency-related criminal cases are also growing. In 2020, China has become the country with the second highest incidence of virtual currency crime cases in the world. Virtual currency fraud has become the mainstream of financial fraud, causing per capita losses of more than 130,000 yuan, ranking first among all types of financial fraud. The largest amount of losses in fraud crimes.

In the increasingly severe crime situation, it is particularly important and urgent to introduce technical means that can effectively combat virtual currency crimes through technology research and development to assist in the detection of various cases.

In the eyes of case investigators, blockchain is regarded as a new accounting tool that is widely used by black industries. When handling a case, it is often difficult for the police to track the flow of funds, and find it difficult to find a starting point when collecting evidence. The lack of standards in the subsequent judicial identification process leads to slow progress in closing the case. Based on this, Ouke Cloud Chain, as the earliest company engaged in blockchain technology and research and development in China, has also increased its investment in on-chain security protection. Currently, the tool "On-Chain Sky Eye Pro" that is specifically designed to assist case investigators has already assisted police in various places. Several cryptocurrency crimes have been solved.

In recent years, Ouke Cloud Chain has been actively deploying in the field of blockchain security. It not only provides technical support to assist the police in handling cases, but also cooperates with universities and industry experts to provide professional technical training to front-line police through online and offline , improve the efficiency of investigating related cases.

On October 14th, the lecture "Analysis of the Current Situation and Situation of Virtual Digital Currency Crime" jointly organized by the SkyEye Security Laboratory on the Oudun Chain and Zhiqi Cloud, a subsidiary of Ouke Cloud Chain, was successfully held online, attracting More than 400 police officers from public security departments across the country participated in the training to jointly explore new ways to combat virtual currency crimes and facilitate the application of police practice.

In the future, Ouke Cloud Chain will continue to respond to actual needs in a timely manner, explore the application of blockchain technology in public security, social governance and other fields, provide support for public security agencies to prevent and crack new crimes, and build a Contribute to a safe and healthy blockchain industry ecology.

This article is from the Financial World Network

『撒』 Frontier | Clear data property rights to ensure the security of the digital economy

Article Cyber ​​Security and Technology of China Institute of Contemporary International Relations Wei Liang, Deputy Director of the Institute of Security Studies

As the world enters the second decade of the 21st century, the digital transformation of the economy and society has accelerated, and the digital economy has developed rapidly under the catalysis of the COVID-19 epidemic. According to statistics, the output of the digital economy in dozens of countries is nearly equal to that of the traditional economy. The growth rate of the digital economy is even further ahead. Internationally, the U.S.-Japan digital trade agreement was officially implemented, marking the first economic and trade agreement in the world with digital as its basic element. The world's first-class bilateral and plurilateral economic and trade agreements all involve digital economic and trade content, and even have a dedicated chapter to provide detailed provisions. Since 2020, most of the world’s new unicorn companies started in the digital economy. The biopharmaceutical industry, which is fighting the new coronavirus epidemic, has also added the brilliance of digitalization.color.

In recent years, at the policy level, major countries in the world have introduced digital strategies to promote the development of the digital economy and form a new national competitiveness strategy. At the end of 2019, the United States introduced the Federal Data Strategy and 2020 Action Plan, which clearly listed data as an important national strategic asset. The federal government’s data governance will guide the strategic vision of U.S. digital development in the next ten years. In 2020, the EU introduced a digital strategy to accelerate a series of legislative processes related to digitalization, and strive to structure and strengthen a digital development model with EU characteristics, thereby promoting the development of the digital economy. As soon as Japan's Yoshihide Suga cabinet was established, he established a minister in charge of digital affairs, listed the digitalization of government affairs as an important part of the policy agenda, proposed the establishment of a digital agency, and hoped to use this to lead the development of Japan's digital economy. China is leading the world trend in digital economic innovation and clearly lists data as an important factor of production. On April 9, 2020, the "Opinions on Building a More Perfect Market-oriented Allocation System and Mechanism of Factors" issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council clearly stated that data is a new factor of production alongside land, labor, capital, and technology, and from Promote the open sharing of government data, enhance the value of social data resources, and strengthen data resource integration and security protection, and deploy the development tasks of accelerating the cultivation of the data element market. This is the first time in history that the fundamental nature of data has been clarified at the national level. It lays a solid foundation for the orderly flow of data within the market framework. China already leads the world in terms of data usage systems.

Data flow is the core of the development of the digital economy, and data security is the bottom line of the development of the digital economy. Major economies have also made many attempts to ensure data security and prevent data abuse. The EU focuses on prevention and penalties. Through strict implementation of the General Data Protection Regulation and other regulations, it continues to improve and strengthen personal information protection and non-personal data management, forming a data firewall around the EU. The United States advocates data flow, but in terms of security, most of its hopes are to reach mutual recognition of data security systems with other countries. This work is being carried out in full swing on the basis of bilateral and plurilateral economic and trade agreements in which the United States participates. Obviously, the EU and the United States have huge differences in data security and personal privacy protection, which even led the European Court of Justice to rule that the Privacy Shield agreement between the United States and the EU was invalid. At the same time, it also illustrates from another perspective how difficult it is to maintain a balance between data flow and data security.

The practice of the two major economies of the United States and Europe shows that whether it is one-sided promotion of the free flow of data like the United States or almost stringent protection of data security and personal privacy like the European Union, it has brought about strong consequences. side effects. This side effect is reflected in the rampant presence of technology giants in the United States, whose influence and control may even exceed that of the U.S. government. On October 7, 2020, the U.S. House of Representatives released an investigation report on the monopoly of four technology companies including Google, claiming that these technology companies have effectively acted as gatekeepers in today’s digital market., with the power to pick winners and acquire or dispose of competitors. Similarly, the EU’s overly tough data protection has obviously caused certain obstacles to the development of its digital economy. Since the implementation of the General Data Protection Regulation, there have been hundreds of cases of punishment, with targets ranging from local governments and medical institutions to ordinary furniture dealers and even football clubs. Currently, the EU is accelerating the formation of its new digital strategy and supporting legislation, which also shows their urgency to achieve a rebalancing of data flows and data security. Judging from the practice in the United States and Europe, relying solely on the government to maintain the balance between data flow and data security is not only costly but also inefficient. American technology giants rely on their data advantages to create a network of interests that is difficult to break. Relying solely on antitrust means to implement structural splits on these companies may seriously damage the vitality of the U.S. digital economy in the short term. On the other hand, the EU's strong regulatory data protection framework has taken shape, and rebalancing will also go through a painful process and pay a huge price.

In the context of the booming digital economy and increasingly active data flows, it is particularly important to explore a mechanism that can give full play to the advantages of data as an important production factor and achieve a dynamic balance between data flow and data security under market-oriented conditions. important. It will be an effective path to achieve this dynamic balance by clarifying data property rights, ensuring the security of the digital economy to the greatest extent possible, and stimulating the activity of market entities.

1. To clarify data property rights and ensure the security of the digital economy, we must first clarify the ownership of data and determine the property rights of data. That is, on the basis of determining the ownership of the data, relying on the blockchain for property rights registration, who owns the value-added wealth generated by the data, who bears the cost of maintaining data security, and what are the rights to use, control, income, and disposal of the data Exercise and a series of institutional arrangements, as well as related practices and ethical principles.

2. Clarify data property rights and ensure the security of the digital economy. Secondly, design data transaction models and pricing models. On the one hand, the rights of data desensitization and privacy protection are fully given to the owners of data property rights to achieve the unification of rights and responsibilities. Encourage data property rights owners to protect privacy and core sensitive data according to their own wishes through market rules and price principles; explore the establishment of data property rights transfer and data utilization principles that allow for transactions, and further improve the division of labor in the data transaction industry chain by refining the division of labor in the data transaction industry chain The tradability and standardization of data. On the other hand, in the early stages of data trading, a more concise data value evaluation scale should be formed as soon as possible based on the utility and scarcity of the data. Subsequently, based on the transaction experience data, an optimized "second price sealed auction" and other pricing models that are consistent with the characteristics of the data and can hedge the risk of information asymmetry are initially formed.

3. To clarify data property rights and ensure the security of the digital economy, it is also necessary to improve the institutional framework for data transactions and eventually form an extensive data market. On this basis, the owner of the data can decide whether to transfer the data based on the consideration, and the collector of the dataYou can also consider whether to purchase based on price. This avoids to a certain extent the phenomenon of data being misused because it is “priceless”. A dynamic balance between data flow and data security is expected to be formed. The key to establishing a data transaction system with clear property rights lies in confirming data rights. Since the issue of rights confirmation has always relied on the support of the government or intermediary agencies, the verification of massive data requires huge economic costs. This has also become one of the important reasons for the disorderly flow of data for a long time. Currently, blockchain technology has made it economical to confirm data rights. The distributed bookkeeping and immutable characteristics of blockchain technology greatly reduce the cost of confirming data rights and discovering data property rights, and promotes a reduction in data flow costs. Therefore, except for those data related to core national interests, other data security issues can be transformed to a certain extent into price issues that drive data transactions. When data becomes property, the more important the data, the higher the price and the higher the security.

At present, our country is gradually forming a new development pattern with the domestic cycle as the main body and the domestic and international dual cycles reinforcing each other. The digital economy will surely become a strong support for this new pattern. Clarifying digital property rights comes at the right time and has the potential to become an important bridge between international and domestic dual circulations. The orderly, safe and efficient cross-border flow of data is the fundamental guarantee for the development of the world's digital economy, and data property rights transactions have become a key node within and outside China Unicom. Bilateral, plurilateral, and multilateral digital economic agreements between countries can be launched from this, and security issues in the cross-border flow of data can also be simplified through property rights transactions. During the transaction process, the price of data will be discovered more accurately, and data related to the country's core interests will be screened and protected faster and more accurately.

Of course, a data trading system with clear property rights and smooth circulation cannot be achieved overnight. It requires fixing loopholes, adjusting directions, and trial and error during operation. To turn the beautiful vision into reality, we still need to conduct more in-depth research on the design of rights confirmation methods, pricing models, etc. The government also needs to further guide, cultivate and deepen the work in the data element market.

(This article was published in the 2020 issue 11 of "China Information Security" magazine)