区块链代币是什么意思,区块链代币白皮书

区块链代币（Blockchain Token）是一种加密数字货币，是基于区块链技术发行的电子代币。它是一种虚拟货币，它使用密码技术来加密，以确保安全性和可信度，可以在网络上进行交易。它通常由一个特定的网络维护，可以用来支付货币，也可以用来作为网络节点的激励。

区块链技术：区块链技术是一种分布式数据库技术，它可以记录和存储区块链网络中的所有交易。它使用一种去中心化的方式来确保所有的交易都是安全的，而且不可篡改。它可以被用来存储和跟踪数字资产，并且可以用来发行代币。

白皮书：白皮书是一种文档，用于描述一个特定的区块链代币或区块链项目。它包括了该项目的技术架构、货币模型、发行模式、投资模式等信息，这些信息可以帮助投资者更好地了解该项目，并做出投资决策。

拓展：区块链代币拓展指的是将区块链代币技术应用到其他领域，以实现更多的功能。比如，区块链代币可以用于跨境支付，可以用于智能合约，可以用于供应链管理，可以用于游戏虚拟经济等等。区块链代币拓展的目标是使区块链技术能够更好地服务于经济社会发展，从而提高效率，降低成本，提高安全性。

请查看相关英文文档

❶ Is ZB’s newly launched IOTX (IoTeX) token worth buying?

It is worth buying. Judging from the recent market trends, long-term investment, there should be A certain rate of return.

IoTeX is a scalable and privacy-centric blockchain infrastructure for the Internet of Things. IOTX is the native token of the IoTeX blockchain that powers the network.

The IoTeX ecosystem includes dozens of exchanges, wallets, and other unique projects. One of my personal favorites is Ucam, a blockchain-powered home security camera with 100% data privacy.

IoTeX Price and Token Economics:

At the time of writing, IoTeX is trading at $0.19 with a 24-hour trading volume of $2.9 billion . The total market capitalization is US$1.8 billion, and the trading volume exceeds the market capitalization of IOTX.

This shows that IoTeX has a lot of momentum and the market has still not lost steam. As the biggest winner on OYI today, all eyes are focused on IOTX.

Whether the bullish trend for IoTeX continues has a lot to do with whether Bitcoin or Ethereum will continue to hold their current support. As long as BTC remains above $65,000, my short-term outlook for IoTeX is positive.

Tomorrow’s keynote at DeFi Live should provide further bullish support for IoTeX, and in my opinion the market is currently trying to establish new support at $0.2 if that support holds If this continues, we could see IoTeX rise over 100% next week.

❷ Blockchain 0213 Morning News | Grayscale Plan in 2021 Double the number of employees

Billy Markus, one of the founders of Dogecoin, recently wrote a letter on Reddit for all Dogecoin enthusiasts. He said in his heart that he had already doubled the number of employees in 2015. All Dogecoins were sold. At the same time, he emphasized that the real value of Dogecoin is not to pull the market and destroy the market, but to bring "positive energy" to the world. The presence of joy, kindness, learning, giving, empathy, fun, community, inspiration, creativity, generosity and more makes him feel that Dogecoin deserves to exist. If a community embodies these things, that's real value.

According to Lianwen News, The Block quoted sources as saying that Dapper Labs, the development team of popular NFT projects such as Crypto Kitties and NBA Top Shot, is conducting a new round of 2.500 million in financing, led by Coatue Management, a hedge fund with nearly $25 billion under management, which will value Dapper Labs at $2 billion.

Filescout.io data shows that the top two in terms of computing power are f01248 75.13 PiB and f09037 32.45 PiB.

According to Lianwen News, the decentralized trading protocol 0x plans to complete decentralized governance in phases. First, it will be funded by 0x Labs to establish 0x DAO. At the same time, a group of guiding representatives will be designated to guide the initial decentralization of governance power. step. An individual or entity known as a “0x DAO MVP” will delegate sufficient voting rights to create Treasury proposals and execute them with complete autonomy. The 0x DAO MVP will include an on-chain bonded governance feature that will only control the community treasury but not updates to the core protocol. ...

According to Finance Magnates news on February 13, Italy’s national securities regulator (CONSOB) said today that it held a webinar with “some major players” in the financial market to discuss Regulation of security token issuances. But details about the matter were not disclosed. Finance Magnates commented that this shows that CONSOB is actively developing relevant regulations that may one day legalize the issuance of security tokens.

According to Lianwen news, the 1inch (1INCH) foundation, an on-chain transaction aggregator, airdropped 15.055 million 1INCH tokens to the crypto community at 1 am on February 13, Beijing time. The current value is approximately $80 million. The airdrop objects are: 3.57 million 1INCH were distributed to 1,308 participants in the second liquidity mining plan; 4.8 million 1INCH were distributed to 9,094 users who interacted with Mooniswap before December 24, 2020, and 1INCH was distributed to limited users. Price order users distributed 310,000 1INCH; 375,000 1INCH were sent to Argent, Authereum, Gnosis and Pillar wallets; 6 million 1INCH tokens were airdropped to some Uniswap users. The conditions for Uniswap users to obtain airdrop tokens must be at least Interacted with Uniswap within 20 days and conducted at least three transactions in 2021, and did not interact with 1inch or Mooniswap.

According to the US "Business Insider" news, Grayscale plans toThe number of employees in the company will be doubled again in 2018. Grayscale, like other crypto venture capital firms such as Galaxy Digital and Polychain Capital, has stepped up its hiring efforts as digital currencies become more mainstream. Grayscale is actively recruiting software engineers, marketing directors, and social media experts. Grayscale CEO Michael Sonnenshein said in an interview that the company prefers to hire people with traditional financial backgrounds and more than 20 years of work experience. But now the company is hiring for more entry-level positions, he said. He said: "As we make decisions quickly, having a diversity of opinions and perspectives will be very helpful."

According to The Block on February 12, the New York-based mobile banking company MoneyLion announced that it will launch a new crypto platform that allows customers to trade, store and earn rewards on digital assets and make peer-to-peer payments using crypto wallets. In addition, the company will merge with blank-check company Fusion Acquisition Corp. to go public. It is reported that MoneyLion was founded in 2013 and currently provides a range of financial services, including loans, investments and banking services to its 7.5 million customers.

According to BeInCrypto news on February 12, Michael Gebert, chairman of the European Blockchain Association, said in an interview that for the future of Diem (former Libra), he believes that by hiring a large number of former political and technical veterans Neutralizing major objections to Libra's original plans will strengthen the project with new strength. Regarding whether the new name of Diem will become a new chapter in the development of the Libra project, Michael Gebert said that international remittances and commercial payments are still the two main use cases of the new stable currency. For mainstream cryptocurrencies, the appeal remains in the decentralized governance model and various use cases that extend well beyond the scope of Diem. Diem needs to comply with and comply with international rules, and the future will prove whether this measure is enough to regain regulatory trust.

According to The Daily Hodl on February 12, Amazon has deleted a previously posted job advertisement involving the launch of a digital currency project in Mexico. However, the recruitment information titled "Chief Technical Project Manager-Digital Currency" is still there. It is not yet clear why the recruitment information was removed, and it is not ruled out that the Amazon team has recruited corresponding talents.

On February 12, XRP Forensics, an analysis team that processes XRP data, spoke on Twitter with Curis Wang, CEO of digital currency exchange Bitrue, saying that Bitrue had frozen the accounts of a group of traders. Not only were they denied access to their account, but they also had no means to recover their account. XRPForensics filed a complaint saying that if these traders violated any rules, the exchange should provide them with evidence or a way to withdraw their funds. According to the tweet, Bitrue stated that the reason for the freeze was suspicion that multiple users had been using the same account and that the traders were suspected of money laundering.

According to PR NewsWire news on February 12, crypto asset brokerage Voyager Digital completed a US$100 million private placement of common shares.

According to The Block on February 12, crypto asset lending platform BlockFi is conducting Series D financing with a pre-financing valuation of US$2.85 billion. At the same time, the company plans to launch a new credit card product by the end of the year and plans to raise $150 million before going public.

Asset Dash data shows that the market value of Ethereum has surpassed ExxonMobil, ranking 42nd in global assets, and is currently approximately US$212.82 billion. It is reported that ExxonMobil is the world's largest non-governmental oil and gas producer.

Digital currency exchange Coinbase said it is investigating transaction delays on Ethereum and ERC-20.

According to AMBCrypto news on February 12, Cardano founder Charles Hoskinson said that he is planning more than a hundred commercial projects that want to migrate to Cardano or build on Cardano.

According to Lianwen News, Compute North, an American Bitcoin mining infrastructure provider, announced that it has raised US$25 million in debt financing and equity financing. The bond financing came from the American private company Post Road Group, which Focuses on private credit and private equity investments in the telecommunications, media, technology, business services and real estate sectors. Compute North currently has a total operating computing power of 920 PH/S and is expected to double that.

According to Lianwen News, Finance Magnates reported that kunbek Abdygulov, chairman of the Central Bank of Kyrgyzstan (NBKR), said that the country’s central bank plans to grant licenses to cryptocurrency exchange operators. It explained that the licensing system helps eliminate the risk of fraud regarding crypto exchanges.

According to Lianwen news, the order book-based decentralized exchange dex.blue has been renamed atomic.blue and will focus on developing DEX aggregators. According to a tweet posted by yearn.finance (YFI) founder Andre Cronje, atomic.bThe lue team is suspected to have released a beta participation qualification certification website. In addition, according to the official dex.blue page, dex.blue will be deprecated at the end of February 2021 and currently only provides withdrawal services.

According to Lianwen News, the on-chain options protocol FinNexus (FNX) community has passed a proposal to destroy some FNX tokens. The FinNexus team has completed the destruction today, with a total of 292,601,955 FNX destroyed, accounting for 62.38% of the total initial issuance, which means that more than half of the FNX tokens have been destroyed.

According to Lianwen news, Bloomberg quoted a senior official of the Indian Ministry of Finance as saying that India is expected to ban the use of cryptocurrencies in any form as planned, but will provide 3 to 6 A transitional period of one month for the company to complete its liquidation. ...

According to Lianwen news, the decentralized service platform Avalanche (AVAX) stated that it has released the new client AvalancheGo V1.2.0 and urges Avalanche validators to update their nodes to maintain network continuity. sex. This upgrade resolves transfer performance issues between the X chain (i.e. DAG), C chain (smart contract platform) and P chain (validator account management). ...

Lianwen news, according to Xinhua News Agency, Zhang Zhenfeng, a researcher at the Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and his team made a creative breakthrough in the research on the Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT) consensus, the core technology of blockchain. The results were presented at the 27th International Conference on Computer and Communications Security. The research team proposed the Dumbo Byzantine Fault Tolerance (DumboBFT) algorithm, which solved the theoretical problem of asynchronous consensus algorithm design, greatly improved the performance and comprehensively surpassed the Honey Badger Byzantine Fault Tolerance (HoneyBadgerBFT) algorithm currently used in the industry, and can provide my country's blockchain infrastructure construction provides a new generation of technology with strong security, high performance, and scalability.

According to Lianwen news, Polkadot ecological smart contract platform Plasm stated that it has successfully implemented the use case of transferring the native token PLM to Polkadot DeFi platform Acala locally, and will then build the next cross-chain on Rococo. Example.

According to Lianwen news, the AMM decentralized exchange ZKSwap (ZKS) based on ZK Rollup expansion technology is expected to complete the mainnet deployment at 20:00 on February 14, and will remove ZKS today. 50% of the liquidity on Uniswap to be added to ZKSwap before the mainnet goes online. In addition, ZKSwap will distribute a total of 5 million ZKS. Lock-up activityThe event will start when the mainnet goes online. The first phase of the event will last for 2 weeks, with a total of 1 million ZKS distributed linearly at a constant rate. Liquidity mining will distribute 1.5 million ZKS, supporting trading pairs of ZKS, wBTC, HBTC, ETH, and USDC against USDT. The activity lasts for one week. The trading and mining activity will distribute 1.5 million ZKS, supporting 10 trading pairs of ZKS, SUSHI, UNI, 1INCH, LON, WQTUM, AAVE, LRC, ALPHA and DODO to exchange for USDT. The activity lasts for one week. ...

According to Lianwen news, New York mayoral candidate Yang Anze in the United States tweeted, "If the election is successful, he will be committed to building New York City into a hub for Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies."

According to Lianwen news, Coinbase Custody now supports deposits and withdrawals of SushiSwap token SUSHI and payment integration solution Utrust token UTK.

According to Lianwen News, Tezos core developer Nomadic Labs discovered a critical vulnerability in Edo’s new ticket function. Edo is a new version of the Tezos protocol expected to be released on February 13, 2021. After the vulnerability was discovered, Tezos eventually chose to release a v8.2 fix on February 10, which included Edo’s patch. Officials say that nodes running v8.2 will automatically adopt the patched version instead of the original version of Edo. It requires any node to immediately upgrade it to the new version v8.2. Nodes running v8.1 or earlier will not be able to communicate with the new chain.

At 17:00 on February 7, LianAn Finance invited three heavyweight guests from Asclepius, the 2010 Nobel Prize winner in physics Andre Geim and the 2006 Nobel Prize winner in physics The winner and Asclepius Chinese community PR Li Pei came to the Lian'an interview room to share the theme of "Asclepius, the God of Medicine and the King of Global Intelligent Medical Care". During the live broadcast, Li Pei shared that Asclepius is a medical intelligent public chain enterprise, a company with the theme of "medical care". , payment, lending, personalized payment". In the future, it will be a parallel chain based on the Polkadot relay chain. It can be a multi-chain public chain and aims to become the most outstanding graphene parallel chain in the field of Polkadot ecological medical care. chain. Asclepius' innovative operation combined with blockchain technology makes it possible to use innovative drugs or the best medical services to solve a large number of difficult-to-treat diseases in the most efficient way. The Asclepius team currently has more than 50 medicalExperts in the industry and blockchain industry have linked up with several top international medical laboratory institutions for in-depth cooperation. The core team members are involved in the fields of innovative drugs including (antidepressant drugs, cancer certificate special drugs, new crown vaccines, eye care drugs, etc. ) and have made excellent progress.

12:00-21:30 Keywords: IOTA Foundation, European Central Bank, eToro data, MicroStrategyCEO 1. IOTA Foundation releases decentralized oracle solution 2. Members of the European Central Bank Executive Committee : The digital euro will provide a simple, safe and reliable payment method 3. Opinion: Tesla’s purchase of Bitcoin is a harbinger of mass adoption of BTC 4. eToro data: The average age of Bitcoin investors is 35 years old, and 85% are male 5 .MicroStrategyCEO: Bitcoin is the scarcest asset in the world, it is digital gold 6.India Finance Minister: Expert panel proposes a ban on private cryptocurrencies 7.KeepChange suffered an attack, Bitcoin was not stolen but user data was lost 8.Data: Yesterday, there were 1,328 transfers of more than 100 BTC

On February 9, yearn.finance officially tweeted that the yDAI vault has been restored, and Yearn and YFI jointly opened a manufacturer vault to mint 9.7 million DAI and make the yDAI Vault complete. This was a "celebration with ceremony", don't expect it to happen again and make sure you have insurance next time.

Alpha Finance proposes a more secure method to obtain the price of LP Token, making quantity control attacks infeasible or very costly.

Lianwen News, Ethereum 2.0 client Nimbus released v1.0.7 version, which provides additional slashing protection services and further improves performance. This release also introduces optimized batching of BLS signature verification (faster synchronization and reduced CPU load), and further improvements to subnet roaming attestation (reduced bandwidth and CPU usage). Lianwen previously reported that Nimbus released the v1.0.0 candidate version in November 2020 to support the launch of the Ethereum 2.0 genesis block.

According to Lianwen news, the high-performance public chain Solana announced that it has officially launched the Ethereum two-way cross-chain bridge Wormhole, allowing users to convert ERC20 tokens into Solana’s SPL standard token for use in DeFi applications. middle. Wormhole allows users to lock ER20 tokens in Ethereum smart contracts and mint corresponding SPL tokens on Solana. For the sake of realityTo achieve this goal, it will rely on a series of "cross-chain oracles" called "Guardians", which will be composed of a group of node operators, including top Solana validator nodes and other System stakeholders whose interests are highly aligned with Solana and Serum. Officials say that in the coming weeks, Wormhole will also add support for Terra and upgrade it to a three-way cross-chain bridge. Additionally, Solana will work with the wallet team to integrate Wormhole-powered cross-chain transfers into the application.

This is actually the core idea of ​​the FRI protocol. Next, let us introduce the process of the FRI protocol in detail.

Lianwen news, Polkadot ecological basic protocol Bifrost announced that it has successfully integrated the cross-chain DEX protocol Zenlink cross-chain module, and realized cross-chain asset transfer between parallel chains based on Rococo V1, and also released a cross-chain Demonstration video of chain asset transfer. Lianwen previously reported that in December 2020, Bifrost announced a cooperation with Zenlink. The two parties will conduct in-depth cooperation on Polkadot Staking liquidity and DEX, including providing technical support, community cooperation, ecological construction, market expansion, etc. In addition, Bifrost will explore cooperation with Zenlink on Rococo V1 to optimize the vToken trading experience by integrating Zenlink DEX mole.

Nodle scales the network through software and a connectivity proof algorithm based on the number of base stations, network bandwidth and geographic coverage.

The Enterprise Ethereum Alliance (EEA) investigates the smart contract languages, development tools, and clients used by developers.

Why is ChainAPI a major iteration of the oracle API market Honeycomb?

If you are not satisfied with DODO Vending Machine, you want the following features: * Can it support unilateral deposits and withdrawals *** Can the price curve be changed at any time *** Can the price be changed from zero to infinite distribution** then DODO Private Pool is the best product for you. This is an extremely flexible product that meets the needs of professionals while being easy to use. Our...

Minting function, whitelist function and freezing function.

According to Lianwen News, Polkadot DeFi project Equilibrium launched the Ethereum cross-chain bridge, which can bridge Ethereum and ERC-20Token and fully compatible with DeFi service suite. This crypto infrastructure originally came from Chainsafe, and Equilibrium modified it slightly to make it more suitable for the project. Specifically, Equilibrium uses Web3 to handle Ethereum contracts instead of Chainsafe's console tools, making the two-way bridge a Possibly, ERC-20 tokens can be freely converted to and from the Ethereum blockchain. In addition, Equilibrium set up a system to log bridging activity, stress testing against things like parallel work requests and hacking attacks.

According to Lianwen news, Grin developer David Burkett, who is funded by the Litecoin Foundation, tweeted, "The initial code of the Litecoin MimbleWimble protocol will be completed and the review is expected to be completed on March 15.". ..

❸ What is it like to chat with two doctors from the Standard Chain

In fact, what is it like to chat with two doctors from famous universities (both doctors are visiting professors at Columbia University )...It feels like chatting with two little brothers, haha.

The interview with the two doctors was held at the Hangzhou branch of Standard Chain. Judging from the photos, it feels like a high-end club, an elegant and quiet place for drinking tea and chatting. In fact, the Hangzhou branch is really an office space, and the rent is lower than most office buildings in Hangzhou.

The two doctors revealed in the interview that the standard chain’s complete mainnet and mining (shared computing) functions will be launched in the near future, so you can look forward to it!

After the interview, Dr. Zhang Lei went to the office to continue his research. Both PhDs are working full-time for Standard Chain. Really, the team is on to something!

Xiaogui: When did Dr. Zhang return to China?

Zhang Lei: The 18th of last month.

Xiaogui: When did Dr. Li come back?

Li Chong: I arrived in Shanghai on the 28th of last month.

Xiaogui: I see you have held a lot of college activities recently.

Zhang Lei: Yes, we have to continue.

Xiaogui: Have you ever held such an event in China before?

Li Chong: No, this is the first time.

Zhang Lei: This is my first time in Hangzhou.

Xiaogui: How did Dr. Li, Dr. Zhang and Mr. Jin know each other?

Zhang Lei: We met through Dr. Yang, who was our former colleague at Qualcomm.

Li Chong: Dr. Yang brainwashed us.

Zhang Lei: Cultivate faith.

Xiaogui: Yes, when you return to China this time, what do you think is the difference between domestic blockchain and foreign blockchain?

Zhang Lei: The biggest impression is that there are more currency speculators here than abroad.

Xiaogui: Do you still have a blockchain course at Columbia University?

Zhang Lei: Yes, we teach this course together. There are two semesters a year, one semester teaches artificial intelligence and the other semester teaches blockchain. Columbia University’s first blockchain course was launched in September last year.

Little Turtle: Are you popular in school?

Zhang Lei: There are quite a lot of people. We have about 90 people in this class. This is considered a lot in general graduate courses.

Li Chong: Generally speaking, in graduate courses in the United States, it is normal to have twenty or thirty students, and some may have more than a dozen students, or even single digits.

Zhang Lei: We mainly start from theory and teach students the technical characteristics and technical essence of blockchain.

Xiaogui: Dr. Zhang’s area of ​​expertise is consensus mechanism?

Zhang Lei: In our standards, I am mainly responsible for the consensus mechanism.

Xiaogui: What does the consensus mechanism include?

Zhang Lei: The blockchain we often talk about is actually distributed ledger technology. The soul of a distributed system is consensus. With so many people in the system, they originally didn’t trust each other. But in the end, everyone can collaborate with each other to turn this system into a mutually trusting system. This requires consensus.

PoW, PoS, and DPoS are all consensus. Our standard chain uses a consensus algorithm based on the DAG structure.

Xiaogui: What is Dr. Li good at? I read that the introduction says distributed, but I don’t understand what it is.

Li Chong: Distributed computing or shared computing is also a product that we are currently developing based on the underlying structure of the standard chain. It will be online in a month or two.

You can understand it as a sharing economy like shared bicycles. The core of the sharing economy is to further optimize everyone’s idle resources to those who need them. We want to extend this concept to computing.

We all have computers or laptops at home, and they are idle most of the time. Nowadays, many people use cloud services such as Alibaba Cloud and Amazon when they need computing power, but the cost is very high.

On the one hand, everyone has a demand for large computing power and expensive cloud computing services, but on the other hand, countless computing resources are idle around the world at all times.

So, we have established such a platform to bring globalAll idle computing power within the scope is gathered together, and tens of millions or even hundreds of millions of machines are put together, but the cost can be very low.

Distributed computing technology is required to build this platform. As the underlying technology, blockchain can solve system security issues and cross-border transfer issues. On the Standard Chain platform, everyone can rent any computer and pay CZR to the person who provides the computing power.

Little Turtle: You seem to have another doctor.

Li Chong: Dr. Yang is still holding his ground in the United States.

Xiaogui: Everyone seems to be working in different directions, but how do we cooperate?

Zhang Lei: Our general division of labor is that I am responsible for the underlying consensus, and consensus is the soul of the blockchain. The final core of the standard chain is to construct a virtual supercomputer.

What Dr. Li is doing now is the biggest application in supercomputers, which is calculation, how to allocate one person's calculation to other people.

Dr. Yang should just take the lead and manage the standard chain from an ecological perspective and project progress.

Little Turtle: Oh, Dr. Yang is the leader.

Li Chong + Zhang Lei: Yes, Dr. Yang is the leader.

Xiaogui: The two doctors don’t seem to care much about changes in external currency prices, but is this really the case?

Li Chong: I have to pay attention to the changes in currency prices every day. I have become a currency speculator. First of all, currency speculation is not my pursuit in life.

Little Turtle: What is your pursuit in life?

Li Chong: Making something good is not about making money. If I want to make money, I won't engage in academics. People who are engaged in academics do not make money. People who are engaged in academics pursue things that they think are more meaningful. Of course, the prerequisite is to provide food and clothing.

Secondly, I think it is too early to pay attention to the currency price now, because it has no support now and everyone is trying to make a big pie and speculate, which is completely meaningless.

I think we should work on technology first. With technical support, currency prices will naturally rise.

Xiaogui: Now that the market is gradually improving, did the bear market in the past few months really have no impact on you?

Li Chong: No, it has some influence on Mr. Jin.

Little Turtle: Why did you choose the standard chain?

Li Chong: You have to ask Dr. Yang. Dr. Yang brainwashes us every day.

Little Turtle: Dr. Yang’s brainwashing was successful.

Li Chong: We are not interested at all in just looking at digital currencies. We want to study technology, and the standard chain is a good platform, so IWe followed Dr. Yang, and the three of them quit Qualcomm to do this.

Zhang Lei: At that time, Dr. Yang also introduced us to the situation of the domestic Hangzhou team. I think our starting point is the same, which is to get things done. Once we agree, we can do something peacefully together.

Xiaogui: How many people are there in your US team now?

Li Chong: There are six or seven in total, some of which are engaged in operations and marketing.

Xiaogui: Is it mainly the three of you who are technically responsible?

Zhang Lei: Yes, in addition to the three of us, there are also colleagues from Hangzhou. We will also cooperate with some universities, especially professors and students from Columbia University, and students will also come to intern during the summer.

Xiaogui: I would like to talk to Dr. Zhang about the issue of consensus. Let’s talk about it first, what exactly does the standard chain do?

Zhang Lei: Our idea is to connect IoT devices with certain intelligence to form a huge supercomputer. For example, the computing power sharing platform is one of the applications. This was also our original intention to build the standard chain at that time, to use blockchain technology to achieve the true interconnection of all things.

Xiaogui: Are there any changes between the standard chain you made at the beginning and the current standard chain?

Zhang Lei: There are definitely changes, but the original intention remains the same. The original intention is to realize the interconnection of everything in a more effective and secure way.

Xiaogui: Dr. Zhang thinks DAG is not a blockchain?

Zhang Lei: DAG is a blockchain. I don’t agree with this statement. DAG is called a directed acyclic graph, which is essentially a data structure.

Li Chong: The blockchain itself is also a data structure. The two of them are different data structures and have a parallel relationship. It is not about who belongs to whom, but the relationship between A and B.

Xiaogui: It seems that IOTA and others are also doing DAG.

Zhang Lei: IOTA is the first project for the Internet of Things. I think it is quite successful. It is a very good project in terms of both the idea and the implementation method.

But it has its own limitations. I also talked about this project when I was teaching students at Columbia University.

Little Turtle: What are its limitations?

Zhang Lei: Now this system is a consensus based on PoW...

Xiaogui: Why is it based on PoW?

Zhang Lei: Every time it sends a transaction, it needs to reference the previous two transactions. When sending, it still needs to do a proof of work to put the transaction into the DAG structure. But compared with Bitcoin’s blockchain, its PoW has less workload..

Little Turtle: It requires asynchronous transmission and confirmation, right?

Zhang Lei: Asynchronous transmission and confirmation?

Xiaogui: It’s not like Bitcoin, which takes ten minutes to package and then confirm together.

Li Chong: No, it can be connected at any time.

Zhang Lei: It is a DAG without blocks. It connects transactions without the concept of blocks.

Xiaogui: What is the DAG of the standard chain?

Zhang Lei: We are also a blockless DAG, and we also connect transactions, but our transactions are not like IOTA. There are differences in consensus algorithms. IOTA is equivalent to turning blocks in the blockchain into transactions, and then reducing all magnitudes. IOTA is a transaction-based DAG without the concept of blocks.

But its limitation is that the difficulty is difficult to set. If the difficulty is set too hard, a small sensor that wants to send a transaction will run out of battery in a short time. But if it is set too small, security will be problematic.

Some people have calculated and analyzed that you can attack the IOTA network by purchasing seven Antminers.

Little Turtle: Can it be done now?

Zhang Lei: Right now. Because there are not so many devices in its network, its computing power is not very strong. If you have 7 Antminers, your computing power is stronger than it.

Xiaogui: I think about it. It seems that the more people who use it, the higher the security. So at the beginning, if fewer people use it, it will be easier to be attacked.

Zhang Lei: What you said is very accurate.

The POW mechanism has certain problems because it has no transaction fees and relies purely on PoW to issue transactions. Evildoers can send countless transactions at no cost and clog up your network. The difficulty of PoW is difficult to set. It cannot be too difficult or too simple.

The second question is how to increase the number of network users as the network grows. In the beginning, there were security risks. IOTA now has a network coordinator, which has been criticized by many people. I think that's one of its limitations.

If the network coordinator thinks it is right, it will always be right and it is impossible to remove it. Others will think you are centralized. Of course IOTA, they also want to take this thing away now.

These are two of its biggest limitations in my opinion.

Li Chong: Another thing is that it doesn’t support smart contracts now, right?

Zhang Lei: It does not support smart contracts yet, but their research direction includes research on smart contracts.

Li Chong: BiaoThe quasi-chain will support smart contracts after it goes online.

Zhang Lei: Yes, we support smart contracts.

Xiaogui: What is the difference between the DAG structure of the standard chain and theirs?

Zhang Lei: We belong to the same category, which is a transaction-based DAG structure.

For the Internet of Things, this is a more reasonable choice. Because if there is a block, it needs to be packaged and collected for transaction fees. For IoT devices, whether it is data transmission or transaction transmission, the amount may be very small, and most of them are high-frequency small-amount transactions.

Once you can’t afford the transaction fee, no one will package your transaction, which creates many problems.

So it is best not to have the concept of miners. There are no miners, you pay a small amount or even 0 transaction fees, and your transactions sent to the network can be received and confirmed by other nodes.

We do not confirm transactions through a mining mechanism. Our consensus method is a structure called R-DAG. Our DAG structure has certain rules, unlike IOTA, which looks the same starting from each transaction, and each transaction is connected to two transactions. Our entire DAG structure has certain rules.

Little Turtle: Random with certain rules?

Zhang Lei: There is randomness in it, but it has certain rules.

Li Chong: It is not completely random. You are given certain rules and you have to follow those rules to do something random. You can roughly understand it this way.

Zhang Lei: Specifically, we have layered the entire network, one is the transaction layer, and the other is the consensus layer. At the consensus layer, EOS and many projects have the concept of witnesses. For example, we have a group of witnesses, through which these witnesses conduct virtual negotiations in the consensus layer to reach a consensus, and then the consensus can be applied to the following data layer or transaction layer.

Then, your transactions in it will be confirmed one by one, and witnesses can be rotated continuously.

Xiaogui: I heard that you can also mine. Do you have mining machines?

Zhang Lei: No, our ultimate goal in mining is to connect all the equipment and turn it into a large computer. After turning into a large computer, mining can be understood as providing services.

Li Chong: After the ecology is established, it is equivalent to a society. If human society has needs, there will be services provided. We can call those who provide services miners, because they will receive CZR when they provide services.

Little Turtle: How do you do mining? Is it a specially designed mining machine? Or can any device work?

Li Chong: Based on different applications and services. Suppose you now put yourBy providing your laptop computing power, you can be considered a miner in our ecosystem. If someone uses your laptop's computing power, you will receive the corresponding CZR as a reward.

Xiaogui: What services can the current standard chain network provide?

Li Chong: Now the service we are doing is to share computing power, and later we will also do distributed storage. When the entire ecosystem becomes larger, scenarios of the Internet of Everything, such as smart homes, can become Application scenarios of standard chains.

Zhang Lei: For example, a driver in the Internet of Vehicles can collect his driving behavior and all data and put them on the blockchain. If someone is interested in the driver's data, he can buy the driver's data from the blockchain, and the driver, as the data provider, can get corresponding rewards. This is actually mining. Through the services provided, you can get rewards for the corresponding tokens on the chain. This is the broad concept of mining.

Xiaogui: Equipment that can mine standard chains, not proprietary equipment.

Zhang Lei: Yes, it is not a proprietary device.

Li Chong: Your laptop can be used as a mining machine.

Little Turtle: It will not develop into an arms race like Bitcoin.

Li Chong: No. Strictly speaking, ours is not called mining, but because everyone knows the concept of mining by miners, we just follow this concept, but the essence is no longer mining.

Xiaogui: Can ordinary people make money through this?

Zhang Lei: Yes.

Li Chong: As I just said, if you donate your idle computer at home, if someone uses your computer, you will receive corresponding rewards.

Xiaogui: For example, a computer with ordinary performance, how many coins can it mine in a day?

Li Chong: It’s hard to say now, it will be determined by the market.

Xiaogui: Has this function been launched?

Li Chong: The demo is now available, and it will be officially launched in a month or two. You are welcome to donate your computer and earn some CZR at that time.

Xiaogui: I saw someone saying it is a PoP consensus algorithm. What does this mean?

Li Chong: Proof of Participation.

Zhang Lei: Just participation. Strictly speaking, it cannot be called a consensus algorithm, but an incentive mechanism.

We mainly look at contribution. I can contribute my computing power to help others solve computing problems. You can also contribute your hard drive to help others create distributed storage.

PoP depends on how much you contribute, and you will get as much reward as you contribute. It is an incentive mechanism based on participation and contribution.

Little Turtle: I understand, what is the next plan for the Standard Chain? plans in development.

Zhang Lei: Our main chain has been in internal testing.

Xiaogui: The main chain is not online yet.

Zhang Lei: We have actually been online, but we have not made it public.

Li Chong: We got it at the beginning of the year, but it was not a whole package. The so-called whole package refers to the corresponding wallet, browser, API, SDK, etc. If someone wants to develop something on us, you have to provide him with a development environment. It will probably be online in a few months.

Zhang Lei: It seems like it will be at the end of this month.

Little Turtle: What’s next?

Li Chong: Continuously improve technology, build supporting infrastructure, and inspire developers to participate in the ecosystem.

Xiaogui: So what’s special about your public chain architecture?

Li Chong: We don’t want to be a one solution for all. We mainly focus on the field of intelligent IOT and intelligent hardware. We must be the best in this field!

Xiaogui: What is the progress of the development of the Internet of Things itself?

Li Chong: It is also in an early stage of development.

Zhang Lei: In fact, the concept of the Internet of Things was proposed...

Li Chong: It is old, but the technology has developed...

Little Turtle: I remember having this concept when I was studying.

Li Chong: Yes, its concept is very early, but the system is too big. It cannot be solved by one technology. It requires many technologies to be stacked together to establish the Internet of Things. 5G is also intended to build such an Internet of Things, but 5G is only one technology among all Internet of Things.

Little Turtle: It feels like the standard chain will take a long time to complete.

Li Chong: We just have to keep doing it. Apple has been making smartphones for more than ten or twenty years. Isn’t it still doing it?

Zhang Lei: It is impossible to propose this now and then be done with it.

Li Chong: It has always been an evolution. We have to make it better and better. Just like the iPhone you are using now. The first iPhone was released ten years ago. Look at the first iPhone now. Generation of iPhone andHow big is the gap between current Apple phones! In fact, the standard chain is the same.

Xiaogui: Is it difficult to expand applications?

Li Chong: It is definitely difficult to get started.

Xiaogui: Do you have a partner now?

Zhang Lei: There are some.

Little Turtle: Let me give you an example!

Li Chong: Anyway, we have some partners, and we can talk about it when the time is right.

Xiaogui: Is there anything special that the two doctors would like to say to the students in the community?

Zhang Lei: Everyone can pay attention to CZR.

Little Turtle: Do you have any stockpiles yourself?

Li Chong: Yes, my wallet only has one currency now, which is CZR. Really, if you don’t believe it, I can show it to you.

Zhang Lei: You can pay more attention to the standard chain. This project is still very promising.

Little Turtle: Why are you so confident?

Li Chong: Because we are doing this.

Zhang Lei: We don’t have confidence in what we do, so what else can we do?

Xiaogui: How much energy do you usually spend on the standard chain?

Li Chong: Now it is 100%. This is our job.

Zhang Lei: I work sixteen hours a day now. Basically, I work from nine in the morning to two in the morning except for eating and sleeping.

Little Turtle: Then you work harder than me. I go to bed later and wake up a little later.

❹ Introduction to IOTA

IOTA is not a synonym for the Internet of Things (IoT), but means "very small". We gave him a Chinese name: Iota, which is a homophonic pronunciation, and at the same time, "AE" also means a very small name.

IOTA was founded in 2015 by four founders: David Sonstebo, Sergey Ivancheglo, Dominik Schiener and Serguei Popov.

From November to December 2015, IOTA conducted crowdfunding. As of December 22, 2015, a total of 1,337 Bitcoins, approximately US$500,000, were raised for the development of the project. The current market value on March 26, 2019 is US$820 million.

In the crowdfunding, all IOTA tokens were distributed to investors.

All IOTA tokens have been created and will notGenerated through mining. The total number of IOTA is: (3^33-1)/2 = 2,779,530,283,277,761 ~ 2.8 Peta IOTA.

The quantity units of IOTA are: i, Ki, Mi, Gi, Ti, Pi. The current trading unit on the exchange is Mi.

Number of Bitcoins: Around October 2140, the maximum total amount of Bitcoins will be 20,999,999.9769. Currently, 16,675,488 Bitcoins have been mined, which is ~79% of the total.

The total amount of Bitcoin converted into the smallest unit is: 2,099,999,997,690,000Satoshis, ~ 2.1 Peta Satoshis. This means that by 2140, the number of IOTA will be ~32% greater than that of Bitcoin.

The IOTA team registered the IOTA Foundation, headquartered in Berlin, Germany. This is a non-profit foundation dedicated to the research and development of distributed ledger technology and technical standardization.

IOTA is mainly about the Internet of Things and the machine economy. Of course, IOTA's technology can also be used for payments between people.

The IOTA mainnet was launched on July 11, 2016.

IOTA Seed

IOTA Seed is an 81 character long string, these characters only include 26 Latin letters and the number 9

characters A-Z are all capital letters

Through seeds, the IOTA wallet can generate corresponding addresses

All addresses generated by each seed belong to this seed

/> An IOTA seed looks like this: FFVK9AWVDAUJRYYKHGWQIAWT

Multiple transactions in the blockchain network (taking Bitcoin as an example) are packaged and stored in blocks, and then these blocks are sequentially linked to each other.

IOTA is the third generation of public distributed ledgers, based on a directed acyclic graph structure. This DAG is called a tangle in IOTA. Tangle is very different from blockchain.

The tangle is a data structure based on DAG directed acyclic graph. Each transaction always references two transactions that have not been verified before the verification.

Scalability, as the transaction volume increases, the IOTA network will become more powerful

Free transactions: IOTA has no transaction fees, which means IOTA can be used for small payments. You can send 1 IOTA to an address without paying a fee.

Quantum security: IOTA uses the Winternitz one-time signature algorithm. The WOTS algorithm is resistant to quantum computers. Reference: https://eprint.iacr.org/2011/191.pdf

Application 1

Machine economy: M2M machine-to-machine transactions, car wallet (accessec GmbH)

In our smart charging station solution, a prototype electric vehicle plugs into the charging station. Electric vehicles and charging stations have their own digital wallets. Payments between these wallets occur automatically once the vehicle is fully charged. Smart meters track usage to calculate payments, which are made via IOTA’s cryptocurrency MIOTA. Our electric vehicles can also pay for maintenance and insurance through M2M transactions

Application 2 
 
  Internet of Things data trading platform IOT data marketplace (data.iota.org)

Purchase through IOTA to obtain real-time data from 10,000 air detection sensor devices.

• https://iota.org/

• https:// data.iota.org

• http://www. iotachina.com /

• https://iota.org/IOTA_Whitepaper.pdf

❺ Hard Technology: 4 Years of International Development of Internet of Things, Blockchain and Digital Currency The battle for standards is finalized

Everyone who has been working on the Internet for many years can more or less personally experience the historical cycle of "the waves behind the Yangtze River push the waves ahead, and the waves in front die on the beach."

Every once in a while, there will be an overwhelming number of industry players, analysts and media, desperately hyping topics that may seem illusory, but are absolutely guaranteed to be closely linked to business speculation, among other things, like Grid computing, blade servers, cloud computing, Internet of Things, machine learning, fog computing, edge computing at the beginning of this century, Blockchain, which has become popular due to the crazy hype of digital currency recently, and other keywords that must be familiar to you, have inexplicably occupied a large amount of media space, and unknowingly, they have been submerged by more sensational technical marketing terms. "It's over before it begins." Only search engines such as Google leave historical traces for future generations to look up to.

To put it bluntly, everything remains the same. The development trajectory of modern information science is limited by a single computing container. After all, it has its limits. It cannot be separated from the distributed computing and many dazzling technologies that support huge services. Marketing terms, looking back in hindsight, are just a part of a blind man's approximation, a processed compound deliberately packaged by human beings' stupidity and greed.

"Internet of Things (IoT)" and "Blockchain (Blockchain)" have established a firm foothold on the stage of history. Almost no one dares to deny that "Internet of Everything" and "Decentralization" It will form the basis of "NewInter", but due to many factors, the application level of these two technologies has not yet reached the world's initial expectations. But when the two are combined into one, it will open up another brand-new application field, enough to change human life and the future.

The Internet of Things has been popular for so many years, but its large-scale promotion seems to be standing still

The craze of the Internet of Things is not a matter of just a few years, but it has never been widely seen around you and me. This factor is very complex, and it has both "technical threshold" and "business model" aspects. It has prevented us from seeing the IoT world described in science fiction.

What is the technical threshold?

The Internet of Things is nothing more than the deployment of a large number of intelligent terminal devices, but the data collected by these terminals will ultimately serve human beings. This has triggered doubts about the mutual trust between people and devices: How can humans trust the devices? , how can the device trust humans, and how can the device and the device confirm with each other that the data is correct and will not be tampered with.

If the data transmission and exchange of the Internet of Things goes into chaos, many lives will be lost. I believe no one wants the Internet of Things devices in their home to be hacked and messed with by hackers and "suicided". For example, It’s a ridiculous scene to sleep with all the windows closed at night, all household appliances, bathroom gas stove and water heater turned on to maximum to kill you alive.

Why do we need a business model?

Next, after obtaining data through the Internet of Things, for example, what is the current temperature at my house, and how are the crops in the farmland growing now, from data collection, data distribution, and data conversion into meaningful information, all the way to multiple subjects Sharing information among others involves "ownership", "rights of use", and "distribution of value", and derives a series of "credit" and "value" issues.

It is one thing to collect a lot of data. How do you make this data generate corresponding value and have the credit foundation, business model and ecosystem to promote its operation? That is another Something happened. Isn’t it true that over the past few years, there haven’t been enough “IoT platforms” that have been put out there but have been ignored for a long time?

The absurdity of today’s digital currency

Fortunately, blockchain is the best answer to kicking away these two stones blocking the road, ensuring the credibility and security of data, giving value to the data, and transforming it As a denominated digital token (Token), the huge data produced by the Internet of Things in the actual application process can become the credit basis of this token, instead of just wasting the earth's resources and wasting huge "mining" power, and In addition to the exchange between digital currencies, there are no "commodities" that can be purchased, which completely violates the original intention of currency to "reduce transaction costs." This is really the biggest absurdity of digital currency.

Many tech nerds tend to sneer at "business" and hold a dismissive and disdainful attitude, but please think about it. Today, the Japanese anime and manga industry and fan products are so popular all over the world. What is behind the development of the industry? , definitely not otakus who stay at home, but "commercialization" that adds fuel to the flames. The prosperity of all industries in the world can also be traced. It is really not difficult at all to understand such a simple truth.

4 Development Stages of Blockchain Technology

Now when talking about blockchain, most people only think of Bitcoin and Ethereum, but blockchain is not that simple. Although there are different opinions, generally speaking It can be defined as the following 4 stages of development.

Blockchain 1.0: Bitcoin not very friendly to polar bears. Blockchain 2.0: Ethereum’s smart contracts. Blockchain 3.0: Realize the integration and interoperability between refining and refining, and then conduct cross-refining contracts. Blockchain 4.0: Create an Internet of Things blockchain. Digital assets come from data in the physical world. Blockchain establishes mutual trust at the bottom of the Internet of Things and fills the trust mechanism for information use. On the one hand, we establish the Internet of Things ecosystem, and on the other hand, we establish business models and economic models. Create a trustworthy IoT blockchain ecosystem. Successful products will never advance by relying on technology alone

After integrating blockchain, will the development of the Internet of Things be smooth sailing? Of course not. Any successfully promoted products and applications in the world never rely solely on "technology" to achieve success.

If there had been no OSI seven-layer model thirty years ago, the Internet would not have evolved so rapidly. Without a "framework", which is the so-called international technical standard, everyone is "diversified and small in quantity", and there is no economy of scale. No matter how many new startups there are, they will die heroically. After all, the Internet of Things covers the information exchange needs of the entire world. Without an alliance or ecosystem, everyone will be working alone and unable to pool resources. Real implementation and application will only make the esoteric technology stagnant in the wild imagination.

Without a frame, it is like a house without blueprints. If you only have bricks and cement, you still cannot build a stable high-rise building from the ground.

Four years of international specifications war

After more than four years of specifications war, at the end of 2017, the ISO/IEC30141 "IoT Reference Architecture" (IoTReferenceArchitecture), passed the International Standard Draft Voting (DIS), and officially put China's "six-domain model (six-domainml)" national standard GB/T33474-2016 on the wave of IoT blockchain. The six-domain model plays a role similar to the OSI seven-layer architecture thirty years ago, and its importance to the future of the Internet of Things is self-evident.

How did this "international standard" take shape? How did the United States, Japan, and South Korea desperately block China's proposal? How many "international wars" are hidden behind the private wrestling and power struggle between big powers? It's scary, don't ask.

Is there already a corresponding implementation?

"SDChain (Six-DomainChain)", which launched the project in May 2017 and passed the blockchain technology test of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China in October, is the world's first implementation of ISO/IEC30141. The foundation is set up in Singapore, and its digital representative Coin SDA (Six-Domain Asset) opened for trading on January 8, 2018.

The "six-domain model" defined by ISO/IEC30141 and the "six-domain chain" created by SDChain, the former is a methodology for integrating the Internet of Things with all walks of life, and the latter provides a more robust decentralized public chain. The bottom layer, and establish practical applications and communities.

As for the "magical coincidence" between the initiator of the SDChain project and the editor-in-chief of the ISO/IEC30141 specification, please pray to the gods of Google yourself, and it is inconvenient to write about it here.

Does the consensus algorithm of the Internet of Things really require a blockchain?

This is a highly controversial topic, especially after the "blockless decentralized ledger" IOTA has attracted everyone's attention, the advantages and disadvantages between blockchain and DAG (Directed Acyclic Graph, directed acyclic graph) have always been It is constantly being watched and commented on by everyone.

From a financial point of view, compared with blockchain, DAG is not subject to block size and proof of work (POW), is free of transaction fees, and can save bandwidth and power consumption. In theory, DAG It has stronger scale scalability, but there are also concerns about double payment confirmation and the lack of "consensus" in the traditional sense. The canceled transaction fees are also regarded as an important link in the practical field to improve the security of the blockchain. Therefore, These characteristics may limit its scope of application. The lessons of history have proved that if there are already academic disputes, there will only be more problems in practical applications. These will need time to prove.

In addition, due to the negative influence of the unhealthy trend of currency speculation, public opinion these days has been distorted into "whoever looks more popular, whose digital currency price is higher, which technology must be more advanced", but The focus is on ecology, not currency. The consensus algorithm should be determined by the application scenario. Whether it can be "mined" is even less valuable. It does not contribute to mankind at all.

The Internet of Things is in the darkness before dawn

From the time the concept of the Internet of Things was proposed to the popularity of blockchain due to Bitcoin, blockchain has gradually shown its potential to solve the chronic problems of the Internet of Things. Until the advent of international standards, it provides an overall architectural framework that can be followed, which is enough It has taken nearly two decades to help all walks of life truly clarify what the Internet of Things is.

Looking further, from the OSI model thirty years ago to today's six-domain model, these thirty years have been an era of transformation from "communication automation" to "execution automation". , things will automatically communicate with each other and exchange what they need. How will we manage the "one trillion" connected devices we can expect? How to improve your life? How to create wealth? This is the biggest challenge of our time.

Companies that enter the Internet of Things industry at this moment and have the ability to provide perfect solutions will have the opportunity to become technology giants in the future. You may be lucky enough to witness the Internet of Things changing our lives and the birth of new technological hegemony. It is worth waiting and watching as we step out of the darkness and prepare to welcome the dawn.

❻ The difference between iota and iotx

The most fundamental difference between IOTA and other tokens is the difference in the underlying data structure. Most other tokens use blockchain to store transaction data, while IOTA uses the Tangle as its underlying data structure.

❼ What currency is iota?

IOTA (Iota) is a new type of digital cryptocurrency based on non-blockchain technology. In the virtual market, the circulation of IOTA is mainly to solve the transaction problem between machines, which is commonly known as M2M. It is generally believed that IOTA’s technology surpasses OTO’s blockchain technology and is the world’s first virtual currency used in the entire ecosystem.

What is the use of IOTA coins?

In the actual trading market, IOTA is a new transaction settlement and data transfer layer designed for the Internet of Things (IoT), which has a certain degree of revolution. , enabling users to realize payment methods without transaction fees between machines. IOTA's technology is based on a new type of distributed ledger technology - Tangle, aiming to build a blueprint for the future world economy. The main features of using IOTA coins for transactions are its efficiency, portability, security, and real-time nature, and generally no additional fees are incurred during the transaction process. But judging from these conditions, the main functions of IOTA are data transfer and data anchoring that do not require payment of fees, are within the scope of micropayments, and are secure.

❽ ETC or IOTA, who will be the dominant player in the Internet of Things?

In November, IOTA’s market value has surged more than 8 times, leaping into digital currency Top four in the rankings, successfully defeating the old digital currency Ripple. IOTA mainly serves the Internet of Things, and the focus of the hype is also the Internet of Things. The Internet of Things has also been a relatively popular concept in the past two years, so it is reasonable for the price of IOTA to skyrocket. However, as an old digital currency, ETC has also begun to test the field of Internet of Things, using the Internet of Things as a breakthrough. So, as the two giants in the field of Internet of Things, who can stand out in the future competition? Let us make a simple comparison below.

ETC is the built-in encrypted digital currency of the original Ethereum chain, and the system has been running stably for a long time. Its core development team is composed of technical experts with rich experience in blockchain development. The decision-making and implementation of its technical solutions are democratic and scientific. The technology used by IOTA is similar to the Thunder Network and Lightning Network. The Lightning Network technology itself is a relatively avant-garde technology. The Bitcoin core development team first proposed using lightning network technology to solve the problem of Bitcoin expansion, but it has always been in the theoretical stage and has not been put into practice. The community also generally believes that this technology lacks practical testing and needs to be stabilized. test.

The cryptography theory and principles used by ETC have been widely used in other IT fields before and have been proven and optimized for a long time. It is a mature, safe, reliable and efficient information technology. IOTA uses balanced ternary (a numerical system represented by three digits) on binary hardware devices, which results in an overly complex system design and a reduction in computational efficiency. Another serious problem with this design is that the cryptographic hash algorithm must be redesigned, which brings serious security risks. To put it simply, this technology is still in the theoretical stage, too avant-garde, and has no practical application value.

The issuance of ETC is completely decentralized, the currency price is not easy to be manipulated, and a new monetary policy is about to be implemented, which will institutionally guarantee the upper limit of the issuance of ETC, making it a tight digital currency, thereby ensuring Its store-of-value properties. IOTA is an ICO project in 2014, which has always been neither popular nor popular. A large number of IOTA tokens are in the hands of a few people, and the price is easily manipulated. This is one of the reasons why the price increased 8 times in less than a month. This trend of centralization is very detrimental to the long-term development of the community. IOTA does not require mining and has no transaction fees. Each participant provides computing power for the network. The lack of corresponding incentives is extremely detrimental to the stability of the IOTA network.

IOTA uses Tangle technology, which is not a real blockchain. It is just to solve the problem of blockchain expansion. The blockchain is just a cover for IOTA. Therefore, IOTA as a technology can be used in the Internet of Things, but it cannot be used as a digital currency.

Compared with IOTA’s blind pursuit of new technologies, new concepts, and new theories, ETC takes every step steadily, one step at a time, and is more keen on mature and stable technologies, on the premise of safety and stability. Continuously innovate. The field of Internet of Things is also one of ETCFor the largest application scenario, the ETC development team has begun to develop an IoT-friendly virtual machine to make it universal, independent and efficient.

In addition, in order to better use IoT applications, the ETC community has reached a consensus and formulated a development plan for cross-chain operation functions. In response to the rapidly increasing transaction data in the field of Internet of Things, sharding technology and side chain technology have been designed to ensure security while also improving efficiency. The goal of the ETCDEV team is to make the ETC blockchain a stable and easy-to-use technology. I would rather slow down the development progress than do some rash experiments to prevent irreparable errors in the future and cause losses to users.

In short, ETC is more like a stable and easy-to-use technology, while IOTA is more like an adventurous experiment. The most important thing for the large-scale application of technology is that it is stable and easy to use, rather than blindly pursuing new concepts and technologies. Therefore, ETC has universality that IOTA cannot match, and has stronger application support capabilities in the field of Internet of Things.

❾ What digital currency is MIOTA?

MIOTA, Iota, is a crowdfunding project in 2014. The purpose is to use DAG (directed acyclic graph, called Tangle in IOTA ——Tangle) is a technology that replaces blockchain to achieve distributed, irreversible (guaranteed by cryptography) information transmission. On this basis, it integrates cryptocurrency functions to serve the Internet of Things.
It is a revolutionary new transaction settlement and data transfer layer designed for the Internet of Things. It is based on a new type of distributed ledger - Tangle. Tangle is the name of the ledger structure. Tangle is just like a blockchain, but it uses a network structure instead of a chain structure, which makes it more scalable and stable.
And it has no mining, no blocks, no transaction fees. Its application areas are positioned in the Internet of Things, as a technology for data integrity and industrial equipment. Additionally, on-demand micropayments and machine communications such as sensor technology, smart cities, adaptive systems, etc.
IOTA aims to become a cryptocurrency for the Internet of Things. As machine-to-machine connections grow, IOTA hopes to be the currency that drives its transactions. When the project launched in 2015, it raised 1,300 Bitcoins through an "initial coin offering," a portion of which was donated to the foundation. IOTA is now the 11th largest cryptocurrency, worth $5 billion in circulation.