蚂蚁金服 区块链,蚂蚁区块链nft

蚂蚁金服是一家领先的技术创新企业，它拥有一个名为蚂蚁区块链的技术平台，可以支持企业和开发者在金融、供应链、游戏、政府和其他多个行业中构建安全、可信赖的应用程序和服务。蚂蚁区块链nft拓展是其中一项重要的技术，它可以帮助企业和开发者更好地实现区块链应用程序的可扩展性和可管理性。

1. 去中心化应用程序（DApp）：

去中心化应用程序（DApp）是一种基于区块链技术的应用程序，它可以实现去中心化的认证、可信赖的交易和去中心化的治理。蚂蚁区块链nft拓展可以帮助企业和开发者构建基于区块链的去中心化应用程序，实现更高效的认证、可信赖的交易和去中心化的治理。

2. 智能合约：

智能合约是一种基于区块链技术的编程语言，它可以自动执行用户设定的条件和规则，从而实现自动化的交易和管理。蚂蚁区块链nft拓展可以帮助企业和开发者更好地构建基于区块链的智能合约，实现更高效的自动化交易和管理。

3. NFT（非同质化代币）：

NFT（非同质化代币）是一种基于区块链技术的数字资产，它可以用于记录和追踪某种资产的所有权和交易历史。蚂蚁区块链nft拓展可以帮助企业和开发者更好地构建基于区块链的NFT，实现更高效的数字资产管理和交易。

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A. Ant Group has released another blockbuster blockchain application. Can it create another "Alipay"

Prior to this, Alibaba has also repeatedly announced that it will be released today. "Disruptive product". So, what pain points can Trusple solve? What are the application prospects? What difficulties and obstacles does the promotion of Trusple currently face?

Another “Alipay”

“Same as Alipay’s original intention of launching secured transactions, Trusple also aims to solve the problem of transaction trust. The difference is that since blockchain technology is solving With outstanding features in trust in complex processes, Trusple better meets the needs of solving trust in international trade." said Jiang Guofei, Vice President of Ant Group and President of the Intelligent Technology Business Group.

Specifically, on the Trusple platform, when a buyer and seller generate a trade order, it is automatically uploaded to the chain and begins to circulate. The bank will automatically pay based on the payment terms agreed upon in the order, avoiding the traditional model. Sellers need to urge buyers to transfer money offline, and at the same time, they can also prevent the frequent malicious delay in payment time. Buyers can also obtain financial services such as account terms based on real orders on the chain, which greatly improves capital utilization and procurement efficiency.

For buyers and sellers, every successful transaction on Trusple is a deposit of "on-chain credit". When a company has financing needs, financial institutions can submit a verification request to the Trusple platform to determine the authenticity of the company's trade. In this way, on the one hand, it reduces the financial service risks of banks and other financial institutions, and at the same time, it also revitalizes the survival and operating capabilities of small and medium-sized enterprises.

It is understood that five banks, including BNP Paribas, Citibank, DBS Bank, Deutsche Bank and Standard Chartered Bank, have become Trusple’s first partners.

How complex is traditional trade finance business? The following is the bank's letter of credit business flow chart:

As can be seen from the above, the traditional international trade financing model is not only complex in process, but also requires high service fees from banks. If there is a blockchain trade settlement platform and a trade settlement contract is developed, the exporter directly places the advance payment in the smart contract. When the exporter's goods arrive at the destination, the system verifies that the documents are qualified and then triggers the smart contract to release the money to the exporter. Not only is the process simple and the service fee is low, but more importantly, it can reduce the capital occupation cycle and improve capital efficiency.

"This is the case with Trusple currently launched by Ant Group, and Ant Chain also supports smart contracts." Li Lianxuan said.

To sum up, the difference between traditional cross-border trade and Trusple is centralization and decentralization. In the traditional trade model, banks serve as the center, providing transaction credit or financing facilities to buyers and sellers to ensure the smooth progress of transactions. The "credit" in this is the bank's third-party credit. And the districtThe trust model of the blockchain, its "credit" comes from the blockchain itself and does not require a third-party intermediary.

Facing two major obstacles

The launch of Trusple also fulfilled a long-cherished wish of Ali for 19 years.

As early as 2001, Alibaba B2B Company tried to use a model similar to an intermediary guarantee to solve the problem of mutual distrust between buyers and sellers in foreign trade transactions, but was unable to do so due to technical constraints at the time. Two years later, the emergence of Alipay solved the trust problem among C2C business users. However, because transactions between businesses are much more complex than between individuals, and payment methods and logistics methods are also very different, the plan 19 years ago has been shelved to this day. Until the emergence of blockchain provides new solutions. For this reason, Alibaba calls the launch of Trusple a major launch comparable to the birth of Alipay.

It is worth noting that although Trusple has similar functions to Alipay, both are designed to solve the trust problem between different subjects, but the solution ideas are completely opposite. Trusple aims to eliminate middle links and disintermediate, while Alipay is the largest intermediary with 1 billion users. Trusple only targets B-side users in cross-border trade, so it seems to be fine with Alipay for now. So if similar products are used in domestic C2C e-commerce scenarios in the future, it will revolutionize Alipay's life.

Alibaba’s Blockchain Layout

Blockchain is based on the characteristics of decentralization, openness and transparency, information traceability, anti-tampering, and automatic execution of smart contracts. It is a natural solution to trust issues. weapon. As The Economist said: Blockchain will become a “trust machine.” Therefore, Jack Ma said that Alibaba without blockchain would "die".

Jack Ma’s words are not alarmist. Alipay, which started as an e-commerce company, has played a key role in solving the trust issue between consumers and merchants in online transactions. It can be said that without Alipay, Alibaba would not have the e-commerce empire it has today. “Over the past decade or so, we have continued to promote the construction of trust mechanisms through technology and innovation,” Ant Group said in its IPO prospectus.

To this end, as early as 2015, Alibaba established a blockchain team and began to invest in blockchain research and development. In October 2017, Ant Financial (the predecessor of Ant Group) released the "BASIC Strategy" (blockchain, artificial intelligence, security, Internet of Things, cloud computing). In July this year, just before Ant Group applied for listing on the Science and Technology Innovation Board, Ant Blockchain was officially upgraded to "Ant Chain". Jack Ma personally named Ant Chain, which shows its status in the Alibaba ecosystem.

Today, Alibaba has implemented more than 50 blockchain application scenarios. Ant Chain is technically able to support 1 billion account sizes and can support 1 billion daily transactions, achieving 10 transactions per second. Wanbi cross-chain information processing capabilities (PPS).

In April this year,Ant’s “Open Alliance Chain” was officially launched, fully opening up its blockchain technology and application capabilities to small and medium-sized enterprises. Subsequently, the implementation of related blockchain applications further accelerated. In July, the Ant Chain all-in-one machine was released, which can save more than 90% of blockchain deployment time for government and enterprise developers; on September 18, it was opened to the public including data security computing hardware, The privacy and security "three-piece set" of 3D contract security services and data privacy computing services; Trusple is released today.

In terms of research and development, Alibaba’s blockchain patent applications have ranked first in the world for four consecutive years, and its self-developed cross-chain technology has also been recognized as an international standard.

According to the website of the Shanghai Stock Exchange, Ant Group’s Science and Technology Innovation Board IPO has entered the “submission for registration” stage. "After listing, the most important thing for Ant Group is to invest in technology. In the future, it will focus on investing in the five major technical fields of artificial intelligence, risk management, security, blockchain, computing and technical infrastructure." Ant Group CEO Hu Xiaoming said.

B. What are the cases where blockchain has been applied to the industry

1. WeBank uses blockchain technology for loan settlement
In September 2016, WeBank The bank and Shanghai Huarui Bank have launched a trial operation of an inter-bank joint loan clearing platform based on alliance blockchain technology to optimize the settlement and clearing of the "Weilidai" joint loans of the two banks. With the introduction of this blockchain system, all information is recorded on the blockchain network and cannot be tampered with. It is liquidated simultaneously during the transaction process, achieving real-time liquidation and saving a lot of manpower and material resources.
2. China UnionPay uses blockchain technology to realize cross-bank point redemption
In September 2016, China UnionPay and IBM piloted a shared points system using blockchain technology. The use of this blockchain system allows users to redeem reward points across banks and platforms. That is to say, a user's points in one bank can be exchanged for points and rewards from other banks, or even multiple airline miles and supermarket rewards. The efficiency of using bank points has been greatly improved.
3. Toyota Motor uses blockchain technology to track auto parts
In October 2016, Toyota Motor joined the R3 Alliance and uses blockchain technology to store the production, processing and usage of each part in In the blockchain, in this way, if there is a problem with a car part, the source of the part can be easily and quickly queried.
4. Central Bank’s Blockchain Digital Bill Trading Platform
In January 2017, the blockchain-based digital bill trading platform promoted by the Central Bank was successfully tested. The introduction of digital currency for settlement can realize the simultaneous transfer of capital flow and information flow in digital bill transactions, thereby realizing DVP pay-versus-payment settlement. At the same time, the blockchain digital identity solution solves the problem of repeated KYC authentication for users between different financial institutions. It not only solves the problem of keeping the information of parties unrelated to the transaction confidential in the amount of digital bill transactions, but also ensures that regulatory parties such as the securities exchange have a see-through mechanism when necessary.
5. Ant Financial Blockchain Application
In August 2017, Ant FinancialAnt Financial's blockchain technology is testing the waters of insurance, helping Xinmei Life Mutual Insurance Co., Ltd. launch the first charity rescue account in the domestic insurance industry. Blockchain technology makes every fund flow open and transparent, and every fund flow data cannot be tampered with. The whereabouts and use of every fund are traceable. In November of the same year, Ant Blockchain was used for food safety traceability and product authenticity traceability. Currently, users only need to scan the milk powder produced in Australia and New Zealand and China's Moutai to know whether it is genuine.
There are many other domestic and foreign cases. These successful cases all indicate that the application of blockchain technology is gradually being implemented and promoted, and is favored by various industries. Along with this, many blockchain technology companies have sprung up, all wanting to get a share of this field. However, after the People's Bank of China and other seven ministries and commissions issued the "Announcement on Preventing Financing Risks of Token Issuance"), as the difficulty of registration increased, more and more intermediary industry chain-type shell companies have practical applications. Companies are few and far between.
In addition, the security technical issues of blockchain have always attracted much attention and controversy. Blockchain currently faces five major security issues: the security of the underlying code, the security of the cryptographic algorithm, the security of the consensus mechanism, the security of smart contracts and the security of digital wallets.

C. Ant Financial becomes the only Chinese founding company due to blockchain

Recently, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the United States announced that it will cooperate with several top technology companies in the world on July 18, 2018. The company jointly launched the MIT Financial Technology Laboratory, whose main research directions include blockchain development, privacy security, databases, encryption systems, etc. Ant Financial is the only Chinese founding company.

What Jiang Guofei, the head of the Ant Technology Laboratory, said in an exclusive interview is also very illustrative: This person has been traveling in Tokyo Bay and New York Bay for the past 15 years. The former NEC (Nihon Electric) Technology VP said that in terms of independent research and development of cutting-edge core technologies such as blockchain, China and the United States are almost on the same starting line. This is a sight that has never been seen before. "Whether it's Tokyo Bay, New York Bay or San Francisco Bay, they all emerged from the surge in comprehensive national power of Japan and the United States respectively. Now it's China time, so I'm back."

Content source Phoenix Network

D. What fields do these blockchain application companies mainly focus on?

There are many application scenarios for blockchain. Next, the little secretary will tell you about several fields that are currently widely used:

(1) Blockchain + electronic invoice

In August this year, Shenzhen The National Taxation Bureau and Tencent will jointly form a laboratory management committee and jointly release the first blockchain invoice in the country, marking that the era of blockchain invoices has arrived.

(2) Blockchain + product traceability

On Tmall’s Double 11 today, Tmall once again boasted a turnover of 213.5 billion yuan. Ant blockchain commodity traceabilityThe source was used on 150 million products such as diamonds, imported milk powder, beauty cosmetics, health products, Wuchang rice, and Moutai during Double Eleven, which once again demonstrated the charm of the new technology blockchain to consumers. In addition to Tmall, JD.com’s cold chain also traces the origin of JD.com’s fresh food. Many e-commerce platforms have also begun to apply blockchain in the field of product traceability. Vaccine incident

(3) Blockchain + content
The first public chain - Ulord, users can build decentralized applications through this platform and conduct digital media without third-party intervention For content sharing, Ushare, the world's first decentralized experience value sharing platform based on the Ulord public chain, has begun public testing. Ushare gives non-head users the opportunity to advance through the ranks, eliminating the need for content middlemen. Through the pricing contract mechanism, tokens are distributed to everyone who forwards, likes, and reads, changing some of the current unreasonable interest patterns, making the entire mechanism more scientific, and the same content is distributed more widely.
(4) Blockchain + Finance

Technology giant IBM officially launched a blockchain-based cross-border payment solution at the end of August 2018 - IBM Blockchain World Wire. European banking groups, including HSBC, announced in July this year the completion of the first real-time blockchain-based cross-border financial transaction. In June 2018, Ant Financial announced that the world's "first" blockchain-based e-wallet cross-border remittance service was launched in Hong Kong, and the first remittance was completed on-site.
(5) Blockchain + Insurance

The mutual insurance that has suddenly become popular in the past two days is the innovative result of the combination of insurance and blockchain. After eliminating the high threshold of traditional commercial insurance, Mutual Insurance adopts a 0-yuan insurance purchase method to maintain fairness with the rule that one person's illness is shared by many people. Users can buy what they want and quit when they want. The platform only charges some management fees, which makes the district The concept of open and transparent distribution after decentralization of the blockchain is fully developed and exquisite. High transparency is achieved through blockchain technology, ensuring that there will be no insurance fraud or default.
(6) Blockchain + Intelligent Manufacturing

Alibaba, JD.com, IBM and other well-known domestic and foreign companies have begun to get involved in the blockchain + intelligent manufacturing business. IBM cooperated with Blue Ocean Camel to build a blockchain + foreign trade supply chain intelligent platform, Alibaba Cloud launched its own enterprise-level blockchain service BaaS (Blockchain as a Service), JD.com’s blockchain service platform Zhizhen Chain, etc.

(7) Blockchain + Medical

The main advantages of blockchain technology are decentralization, non-tamperability of information, and information transmission and sharing based on consensus mechanism. In all aspects, we can achieve the purpose of ensuring information security in various scenarios.

Overviewing the current development of blockchain technology and the characteristics of the medical field, we believe thatThe application of blockchain in the medical field can be mainly divided into the following four aspects: institutional medical information security and privacy protection, personal medical information security and privacy protection, medical insurance and supply chain management.

E. How do you view Alipay’s involvement in the blockchain field?

The subject’s question is very meaningful. First of all, we must make it clear that Ant Financial “belongs” to Alibaba. Ant Financial has Ant Financial’s business, and Alipay also has Alipay’s business. In the era of big data, "data islands" are the biggest problem for many enterprises.

User data is extremely precious, but companies refuse to communicate with each other. Alibaba and Ant Financial have rich ecological coverage. Through blockchain technology, they can also achieve data exchange with enterprises in other industries. For example, some enterprises invested by Alibaba can directly receive information from Alibaba's huge ecosystem through blockchain technology. User data.

Also, Alipay uses blockchain technology, which facilitates traceability of transactions, etc. Other respondents have already explained these details in detail, so I won’t go into details here.

Traditional Internet giants often use alliance chain technology. On the one hand, they will continue to strengthen their own ecology, and on the other hand, they will also improve data management.

The difference from traditional Internet companies is the public chain. The public chain is actually the opposite party to the alliance chain. Public chains often hope to break the monopoly of traditional Internet platforms through blockchain technology. For example, Aion once announced in a high profile last year that it would be renamed The Open Application Network (The OAN). It is committed to using blockchain technology to improve the current status of the platform economy, and has reached a privacy protection research cooperation with the University of Waterloo. As well as news such as the launch of a privacy test network, it often calls out to the traditional technology and software industries. The slogan is to solve the "unintentional mistakes" of the platform economy, but the intention is relatively obvious: to return data ownership to users and break the monopoly of traditional Internet companies.

F. The listing of Ant Financial has brought a group of "quasi" multi-millionaires. How will they choose to buy cars?

The news of the listing of Ant Financial has been extremely popular recently. According to Weibo blogger @方世子 analyzed: If Ant Financial really has a market value of 3 trillion, then the leader of a small team of 6-7 people in Ant Financial would have a stock value close to 1,000 Ten thousand yuan.

Having experienced the Atez’s beautiful appearance and decent handling, “quasi” multi-millionaires will probably find it boring if they look at other cars. If there is anything to hesitate about, you must pay the full price by swiping your card on the spot.

This article comes from the author of Autohome Chejiahao and does not represent the views and positions of Autohome.

G. Forbes announced the top 50 blockchain companies, and Du Xiaoman Finance was on the list

Recently, Forbes announced the global blockchain rankingsOn the top 50 list, five Chinese companies are on the list, including Ant Financial, Duxiaoman Financial, Tencent, China Construction Bank, and Foxconn. In addition, Amazon, Google, Microsoft, Samsung, IBM, etc. were also selected for the list.

The companies on the list own the basic technologies of cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin and apply them to accelerate business processes and improve In transparency, billions of dollars in cost savings can be realized. At the same time, the list also requires the companies on the list to have annual revenue of no less than US$1 billion, or a valuation of more than US$1 billion. For the companies on the list, blockchain technology has been truly reflected in revenue and cost savings.

Du Xiaoman Financial has explored and implemented multiple blockchain projects, one of which allows millions of ordinary Chinese users to adopt and trade cute digital puppy pets "Leitz Dogs" - these pets All are different and “live” on the blockchain. It also has a service that provides education loans, "Anxinfu", which uses blockchain technology to ensure that students consume teaching services before allocating funds. Du Xiaoman uses a variety of blockchain implementation solutions, including Hyperledger Fabric developed by IBM.

Currently, the application of blockchain technology has extended to many fields such as digital finance, Internet of Things, intelligent manufacturing, supply chain management, and digital asset transactions. At the same time, major countries around the world are accelerating the development of blockchain technology.

In October 2019, the country emphasized that blockchain should be used as an important breakthrough for independent innovation of core technologies, and clearly proposed to accelerate the development of blockchain technology and industrial innovation, and actively promote blockchain and economic and social integrated development. Some people in the industry believe that this is a new positioning of the blockchain at the top level and has been elevated to a national strategy.

Among the large domestic Internet companies, Duxiaoman Financial is at the forefront in accumulating and implementing blockchain technology.

In addition to the projects on the list, Duxiaoman Finance is also actively innovating in the fields of distributed finance. The distributed finance white paper released in 2019 was the first in the industry to propose reference technologies for distributed finance. architecture. In the field of consumer finance, Duxiaoman Finance, as a pioneer, launched the blockchain ABS (asset securitization) project to solve the problem of trust in the authenticity of the underlying assets of all parties to the transaction.

In 2017, Du Xiaoman Financial jointly issued the first domestic ABS project supported by blockchain technology with partners such as Baiqian Leasing and Huaneng Trust. The issuance scale was 424 million yuan. This was the first domestic ABS project. It uses blockchain technology as the underlying technical support to realize the project of ABS "real assets"; in the same year, it also released the "Network-Chang'an Xinsheng-Tianfeng 2017 First Phase Asset Support Special Plan", which means China's first blockchain-based project The exchange asset securitization product of blockchain technology has been launched, and it is also the product with the lowest issuance interest rate in the current period.

The above-mentioned projects have been recognized by the academy for two consecutive years in 2018 and 2019., was selected into the case library of Peking University Guanghua School of Management, becoming the school’s first classroom teaching case based on blockchain technology; it won the 2019 “Excellent Practice Award” from Harvard Business Review.

"Youqianhua" is a credit service brand under Duxiaoman Financial (formerly Internet Finance). It is a big brand, reliable, low interest rate and trustworthy. It provides personal consumer credit services to the public and creates innovative The consumer credit model inherits the technological genes of the Internet, and Youqianhua uses artificial intelligence and big data risk control technology to provide users with convenient, fast and secure Internet credit services.

H. [One of the top ten blockchain government cases] Ant Blockchain-Hangzhou Internet Court Judicial Chain Case

According to Hangzhou Daily, on September 18, 2018, The Hangzhou Internet Court announced that the judicial blockchain was officially launched online, becoming the first court in the country to apply blockchain technology to resolve disputes. The judicial blockchain makes the entire process of electronic data generation, storage, dissemination, and use trustworthy.
Plaintiffs can submit electronic evidence such as contracts, rights protection processes, and service process details online through the online complaint portal, which will be submitted by notary offices, judicial appraisal centers, CA/RA institutions, courts, Ant Financial and other on-chain nodes. Joint witness and joint endorsement provide one-stop service for the prosecutor. The judicial chain has greatly reduced the cost of offline evidence storage and collection, and improved the efficiency of the judgment process, thus enabling many cases that were previously unworthy of prosecution due to the high cost of rights protection to be able to achieve better rights protection through the blockchain; Judicial The chain solves the problem of low judicial service efficiency, realizes the integration and sharing of judicial data, and breaks down data silos; the judicial chain promotes the construction of a social credit system, reduces judicial costs, uses technology as an engine, promotes innovative development, and leads the transformation, upgrading and reduction of judicial services.

Citing the analysis of the "Blockchain Judicial Evidence Application White Paper" from the Trusted Blockchain Promotion Plan, with the rapid advancement of informatization, a large amount of evidence in litigation is presented in the form of electronic data. The specific manifestations of electronic evidence in judicial practice are becoming increasingly diverse, and the frequency of use and data volume of electronic data storage have increased significantly. Different types of electronic evidence are formed in different ways, but they generally have the characteristics of being easy to perish, easily tampered with, and highly dependent on technology. Compared with traditional physical evidence, it is more difficult to determine the authenticity, legality, and relevance of electronic evidence in judicial review. .

In judicial practice, parties generally lack the ability to produce evidence, and the electronic evidence provided to the court is of poor quality. There are a large number of problems such as improper evidence collection procedures, incomplete evidence, and poor pointing to the facts of the case, which directly affects the electronic evidence. The proportion of evidence admitted in litigation.

The traditional storage method of electronic evidence is essentially a centralized storage method, which may easily cause the storage data to be lost or be compromised. .

At the same time, electronic data relies on electronic media for storage. For storage security, multiple backups and other methods are often needed. In addition, electronic media have a long service life, which makes storage costs higher.

(2) Problems in evidence collection

Currently, when some locally generated electronic data is collected for evidence, the originals are intelligently retained in the device that generated the electronic data, and the original evidence and Devices are indivisible. Once the original evidence leaves the device, it becomes a copy and cannot become the basis for a final verdict. This results in many limitations in litigation cases.

In addition, the Internet software service provider cannot give a definite answer as to whether the so-called original is the real, original and complete data at the time when the time occurred. It is also doubtful whether the evidence obtained is the original.

(3) Problems in demonstration

Electronic data display and fixation are important aspects of data use. Since electronic data exists in the form of electronic information stored in electronic hardware, To obtain its content, you need to use responsive software to read and display it, which makes it difficult to demonstrate. It may also increase the burden of proof on the parties due to the need for notarization, and waste social judicial resources.

(4) Issues in Evidence

In litigation, both parties will submit their own electronic data as evidence. When the parties individually control their own data, it is easy for the evidence submitted by both parties to be inconsistent or even contradictory. In the absence of other supporting evidence, it is very difficult to determine the authenticity of the evidence, and the electronic data submitted by both parties cannot be used as the basis for deciding the case. In this situation where the facts of the case cannot be determined, the judge is likely to have to rely on assigning the burden of proof to decide the case. The general principle of allocating the burden of proof is that whoever makes the claim must provide evidence. If he cannot provide evidence, he will bear the consequences of losing the case. In this case, a party that actively tamperes with its own data can benefit from this burden of proof arrangement.

(5) Problems in evidence identification

All evidence "must be verified to be true before it can be used as the basis for finalizing a case", which is the most important and universal evidence in the world. One of the principles of justice. The identification of evidence is usually a process of identifying the "three properties" of evidence, namely the authenticity, legality and relevance of the evidence. Electronic data used as evidence also needs to pass the "three characteristics" judgment. Due to the large amount of data, strong real-time nature of electronic data, high storage costs, and difficulty in identifying original documents, it is still difficult to identify the "three properties" of evidence. Electronic data often cannot support the case because it is difficult to identify, which is detrimental to the case. Both the judge and the parties caused greater pressure.

Quoting from the sharing by Li Zhiguo, head of Ant Financial’s judicial evidence deposit products, titled “Ant Blockchain’s Exploration in the Field of Judicial Evidence”, he believes that in the past 20 years, the Internet industry has The key word is connection. In the era of PC Internet, terminals were connected through PC interconnection. At that time,In this era, companies that discovered this trend have seized huge business opportunities such as portals and search engines. In 2013, we entered the era of mobile Internet. In this era, many smart terminals and personal devices are connected together through the mobile Internet. The number of terminal devices and online time have been greatly improved. Those who seized the opportunity at this stage created super applications such as Weibo, WeChat, and Alipay. A very important change that we are currently paying attention to is that as the changes in connections continue to expand, the quality of connections has also changed greatly. This is called the second curve. The original object of connection was information, but now it is likely to become assets.

So what is the difference between assets and information? There are three main differences.

First, assets are unique, while information can be copied infinitely. In the Internet era, the cost of information transmission can be minimized through copying. However, when the connected object is an asset, there is a fatal flaw, that is, it cannot be transmitted through copying. After the asset is given to a person, It cannot be given to anyone else.

The second point is that assets are more fragile and precious than information. Assets are money. In the process of information digitization, it is easy to put information on the Internet, but for assets, this does not work, because behind the assets are real interests.

The third point: Compared with assets and information, assets have very high security requirements, and many problems must be faced, including attacks by hackers, competitors, fraud, etc. These are all linked assets. issues that need resolving. This is the third difference between assets and information. If there is a dispute over assets, they need to be resolved. In reality, it can be resolved by the court, but if it is on the Internet, it is difficult to deal with it.

The three characteristics of assets mentioned above are difficult to solve through traditional Internet methods. At the same time, the development of the Internet has made people lazier and lazier. If 10 years ago, many people could accept that asset connection would take a long time, but now it is difficult for people to accept it. For example, in order to sign a contract, it takes two to three days. It takes weeks to mail, and it costs a lot to go in and out of many traditional institutions frequently in order to make a cross-border payment. And compared with the connection method 20 years ago, the current Internet connection has become much more difficult, because many people find that after information is connected, the data becomes very valuable. What to do if it is valuable? The only way is to sink the value. When it sinks, it becomes a deep well of value. The larger the scale, the deeper the value. At the same time, another problem will be formed called data island. These issues need to be considered and resolved by the judicial chain.

Now, the court is standing at a historical opportunity node and has the opportunity to become a basic component of data generation and completion of connections. There will definitely be disputes over assets, after a dispute occurs, the court will conduct a full link review. This is a unique value, the value of the last mile of the Internet. By connecting assets, breaking data islands and value wells, this is the real value completion. This model actually belongs to small and medium-sized enterprises, including For individual users, the above is the value basis of the judicial chain.

If there is an island of value and it needs to be connected, there must be various connection methods. There are four main ways to connect.

The first is not to connect. , put it in a bank safe;

The second way is a bad connection, that is, through technological leadership and inequality, depriving the ownership of data assets through hacking technology, when there is no legal When connecting, bad connections must exist;

The third type is a connection that seems to be a good connection, but is actually a fragile connection. Nowadays, there are many ways to connect. When the market situation is relatively good, it is a bubble. It has a certain market when it is relatively large, but once it encounters real value, it breaks down;

The fourth type is the judicial chain, which can be summarized in 15 words, that is, the whole process record, the whole chain The road is trustworthy and witnessed by all nodes.

How can the judicial chain be technically credible and institutionally credible at a low cost?

First of all, the first problem is that assets are fragile, so when connecting assets, they must have the basic characteristics of real security. Security includes privacy protection, which is not a simple matter. The first day Alipay was born started with secured transactions, solving the problem of the authenticity of previous transactions between buyers and sellers. Later, based on Alipay, Sesame Credit was proposed, and many Everyone has Zhima Credit points, and through past credit records, big data and artificial intelligence are provided as a reference for whether the user can fulfill the contract, making real security a step further. Next comes the blockchain. The blockchain provides a very important capability, that is, the truth cannot be tampered with, which makes trust a big step forward in the level of real security. Therefore, the first problem solved by the judicial chain is to ensure that the bottom connector is real and safe when connecting assets. This real safety is not something you talk about in words, nor is it a technology in a laboratory, but a technology in a laboratory. It has been recognized by users, tested by the market and tested by large-scale business volume.

The second question is very critical. When everyone is connected through a real and secure connector, once the data assets are compromised, how to deal with disputes? The judicial blockchain has been moving in this direction in the past two years. By bringing notary offices, judicial appraisal centers, and courts to the bottom of the judicial chain, the data is authenticated accordingly, ensuring that once a dispute arises about data assets, it can be be dealt with fairly and effectively. This is a very powerful system, which is why the judicial chain is the solution to the InternetThe root cause of the Internet last mile problem. So far, the judicial chain has ensured technical credibility and institutional credibility.

The third problem is that in the interconnection of assets, the cost of connection cannot be too high. Users have developed the habit of obtaining countless information with just a click of the mouse and a search button. Blockchain has been popular for many years, but so far there are less than 20 million real users, and the daily activity is very low. The first reason is that it is too difficult to use, and the second reason is that the cost of use is too high. Therefore, when connecting assets, it must be very simple, very easy to use, and low cost. Just like when Alipay first implemented real-name authentication, it could quickly complete user payments through face scanning, and at the same time, the security level was very high. Therefore, real connectors must have the characteristics of low cost and high applicability.

The judicial chain has achieved technical credibility and institutional credibility, and the cost of connection is not high, opening a new era of blockchain for asset connection.

The Hangzhou Internet Court’s judicial blockchain makes the entire process of electronic data generation, storage, dissemination, and use trustworthy. Through the overall complete structure, it can solve the entire life cycle of electronic data generation, storage, dissemination, and use on the Internet, especially the whole-process trust issue at the generation end.

The blockchain consists of a three-layer structure:

1). The first is the blockchain program. Users can directly record the entire process of operation behavior in the blockchain through the program. , such as online submission of electronic evidence such as electronic contracts, rights protection processes, service process details;

2), The second is the full-link capability layer of the blockchain, which mainly provides real-name authentication, electronic signature, time Stamping, data storage and trusted services throughout the blockchain process;

3), the third is the judicial alliance layer, which uses blockchain technology to integrate notary offices, CA/RA institutions, forensic identification centers and The courts are connected together in the alliance chain, and each unit becomes a node on the chain.

The electronic evidence platform launched on the judicial chain of Hangzhou Internet Court directly establishes a special data channel between evidence and trial, making the collection, fixation, transmission and use of evidence more convenient and efficient.

In the past, when going to the Internet Court for litigation, evidence was submitted electronically and then uploaded to the "Hangzhou Internet Court Litigation Platform" (www.netcourt.gov.cn). For example, notarized documents are usually uploaded by scanning. The electronic evidence platform launched today first has a long "tentacle", and it can achieve seamless connection with other electronic data, such as notary offices. Then the notarized documents can be uploaded to the electronic evidence platform with one click and used directly as litigation evidence. Another example is transaction disputes involving e-commerce platforms such as Taobao and JD.com, mutual financial platforms, and financial management platforms, and third-party data service providers (such as operator platforms, electronic contracting platforms, and certificate depository institutions).Taiwan), etc. can also directly transmit electronic data to the electronic evidence platform, effectively solving the difficulties faced by parties in collecting electronic data evidence on their own, and greatly saving the economic and energy costs of producing and cross-examining evidence in court trials.

The "electronic" evidence that was originally just scanned or typed has truly transformed into "electronic evidence". Through the third-party storage platform, "electronic data" is easily lost and tampered with. The magic spell forms a unique “data ID card” that cannot be tampered with, and is synchronized and backed up to the electronic evidence platform in real time. After entering the litigation process, the "data ID card" that has been saved on the electronic evidence platform will be automatically compared with the original electronic data to determine whether the electronic evidence has been tampered with later, thus ensuring the authenticity of the electronic evidence.

These electronic data have coded ID cards, which become the "elements" of each case. The platform classifies these elements and then matches them to each case. In this way, the system automatically matches The key element is to import electronic evidence into each case to form a system that automatically files cases without a judge. We can imagine that we will soon be able to achieve a case filing speed of tens or hundreds per minute.

Finally, when these evidences become electronic data and are stored on the platform, in addition to the Hangzhou Internet Court, which can carry out judicial use on the platform during the trial of the case, other relevant institutions (such as other people with permission) Courts, judicial appraisal agencies, notary agencies, filing agencies) can all retrieve relevant evidence from the platform in accordance with procedures, and the co-construction and sharing of resource data will also be achieved.

Taking the Shanghai Pudong Notary Office’s data storage platform that has opened up the Hangzhou Mutual Judicial Chain as an example, we will introduce the complete closed-loop process from the data protection platform to judicial litigation.

1. Register the business platform and perform real-name authentication

Enterprise A, a design company, opens the Shanghai Pudong Notary Office data storage platform page and completes real-name identity authentication after registration.

2. Original data storage

When design company A completes the design of a work and archives the original work data, it initiates a remote storage call through its own business system Interface, call the RESTful API of the notary office's data storage platform to complete the storage of the design work file HASH and related elements. The deposit certificate will also be sent to the Judicial Blockchain, Pudong Notary Chain and China Time Service Center simultaneously. After all are successful, a certificate of deposit with the corresponding LOGO will be obtained. The HASH fingerprint data of the work files that are completely consistent on each chain and platform shows the validity and non-tamperability of this certificate.

5. Log in to Hanghu Court to submit a complaint and verify the legality of the evidence

The judicial chain is the Ant BlockchainSpecific application cases of BaaS. Ant Blockchain BaaS (Blockchain as a Service) is an open "blockchain as a service" platform based on the Ant Financial Alliance blockchain technology and Alibaba Cloud. It outputs blockchain as a cloud service, supports numerous business scenarios and on-chain data traffic, and is the foundation of industry blockchain solutions. Ant Blockchain BaaS is committed to building an open and collaborative platform to provide convenient services to enterprises and individuals around the world.

The above picture is the product map of Ant Blockchain, in which the technical architecture of BaaS is mainly divided into three layers:

1. The bottom layer is BaaS Core

The BaaS Core layer is based on a cloud resource management platform that provides flexible support for hosts and containers, enabling convenient cross-platform operation and deployment. For trusted hardware, Alibaba Cloud's Shenlong server provides corresponding hardware services and can provide a trusted execution environment with high reliability and high privacy protection. In addition to the certificate deposit platform and smart contract platform, heterogeneous chain cross-chain services will be launched soon on the basis of homogeneous chain cross-chain services. In the current market, a single chain or a single chain has its own limitations. In the future, cross-chain technology will become a very important part of establishing trust infrastructure and a mutual trust ecosystem. At present, the BaaS platform has achieved internal interconnection through cross-chain services. It can also access trusted data sources on the external Internet through smart contracts and cross-chain services. In addition, BaaS Core has corresponding functions and support for other basic capabilities, such as alliance management, security and privacy, certificate key management, etc. While providing the self-developed Ant blockchain system, the BaaS platform also supports open source systems to better meet the diverse needs of customers, including enterprise Ethereum Quorum and Hyperledger Fabric.

2. The upper layer is BaaS Plus

The BaaS Plus layer encapsulates and services the underlying services and capabilities, and opens them into standardized interfaces to provide partners with access and use. This can greatly reduce customers' investment in basic resources and significantly shorten the time it takes to access services. So far, the platform has launched services such as trusted certificate deposit, universal traceability, real person certification, and enterprise certification, and will gradually launch more services in the future.

3. The top layer is the BaaS Marketplace and solutions

Ant’s many partners can provide their capabilities in the marketplace. At the same time, practical applications implemented in different scenarios will precipitate a set of standard application solution templates, making it easier for customers to learn from the platform capabilities of other similar scenarios in their own applications.. The Pudong Notary Office data storage platform can become a member of the BaaS Marketplace.

1. Account system

All transaction operations on Ant Blockchain are carried out around the account system, so before sending and executing transactions, you need to ensure that you have created a corresponding transaction in Ant Blockchain account, and then you can use the created account to submit transactions, and you can also complete modifications to the relevant account configuration based on the account structure.

The specific account data structure model fields and descriptions are as follows:

Among them, the account contains three types of keys:

Ant Blockchain adopts the account It is implemented in a decoupled manner from the key, which to a certain extent prevents security risks such as data loss on the chain caused by key loss. The main account operations supported by Ant Blockchain include:

2. Privacy protection

Ant Blockchain supports the privacy protection capabilities of sensitive account information data by introducing some features of cryptography. , by extending the relevant command functions at the smart contract level to realize the encrypted storage and addition and subtraction operations of the amount in the smart contract. Only individuals who obtain a valid key can decrypt the sensitive data in the smart contract and view the original amount information.

At present, the cryptographic features introduced by Ant Blockchain include zero-knowledge proof, that is, by introducing zero-knowledge proof, the legality of the transfer amount can be proved under the condition of encrypted ciphertext.

3. Cross-chain services

Ant Blockchain cross-chain service is an on-chain data service provided for smart contracts. This service deploys cross-chain services in the customer's blockchain environment. Contract/chain code, and provides an API interface for user contracts/chain codes to call and use. The cross-link service currently provides two types of services: ledger data access and contract message push, and their corresponding API interfaces. The ledger data access service can help user smart contracts obtain data on other blockchain ledgers, including but not limited to block headers, complete blocks, transactions, etc. The contract message push service can help communicate messages between smart contracts on different blockchains that have deployed cross-chain data services, satisfying scenarios such as cross-chain business association processing.

On May 22, 2019, Shanghai No. 1 Intermediate People's Court, Hangzhou Internet Court, Hefei Intermediate People's Court, Suzhou Intermediate People's Court, and Wuhu, Anhui Province jointly signed a letter of intent for cooperation, and will use the Hangzhou Internet Relying on the court's judicial blockchain platform, the four places are interconnected and jointly build the Yangtze River Delta judicial chain, creating a judicial-level trust mechanism with "full process records, full link credibility, and full node witness" to jointly promote judicial integration in the Yangtze River Delta region. develop. It was introduced at the meeting that the judicial blockchain operating mechanism of the Hangzhou Internet Court has become increasingly mature, and has collected 390 million pieces of electronic data. The dismissal rate of relevant cases has reached more than 96%. played an important role.
The technology provider of the judicial chain of Hangzhou Internet Court is Ant Financial Blockchain, which has the world's leading core patented technology, 20,000 TPS high-performance certificate storage capabilities, extremely high privacy security protection capabilities, and top-level security protection. Control capabilities protect the judicial chain. Its Ant Blockchain trusted certificate storage platform supports third parties to access the judicial chain.

For example, in terms of specific aspects, the judicial chain has greatly improved the effect of users' rights protection. For example, in China, copyright protection is very backward. For example, only 5% of the pictures are genuine, and the rest are pirated. However, from the filing of the case to the trial, the first instance takes 8 months, and the compensation received is only 500. -600 yuan, but the time cost and economic cost far exceed the compensation amount. However, the emergence of the judicial chain can reduce the cost of rights protection by one to two orders of magnitude. Secondly, the judicial chain can enhance the trust of the brand. On the one hand, it allows enterprises to stand together with the judicial chain and the brands and platforms recognized by the government. On the other hand, it allows enterprises to clearly and transparently tell their business models through trust connection. users, giving users a very strong sense of trust. Entrepreneurs, in particular, can have huge traffic in the early stages. Finally, the judicial chain solves the problem of the last mile of the Internet, which greatly reduces the user's cost of use. Therefore, using the judicial chain model really upgrades the traditional business model into a trust business model.

Contributor Wang Denghui introduced:
Copyright chain/notarization chain project CTO of Hangzhou Xiabi Youshen Technology Company,
Shanghai partner of HiBlock technology community,
Focusing on "blockchain +" industrial implementation and implementation plan, hoping to preach blockchain together with industry practitioners.