区块链数据层包括什么内容,区块链数据层包括什么

区块链数据层是指区块链系统中所有数据的组织形式，它是区块链的基础，也是区块链系统的核心。区块链数据层包括区块链网络、区块、交易、账户、智能合约等，它们构成了区块链系统的核心。

区块链网络是指区块链系统中的节点组成的网络，这些节点通过互联网连接起来，形成一个分布式的网络，它是区块链系统的基础，负责网络的维护和管理。

区块是指区块链系统中的一个数据单元，它包含了交易数据、时间戳、区块头等信息，它是区块链系统中的基本数据单元，用于存储交易数据和信息。

交易是指区块链中的一种数据结构，它包含了发起人、接收人、转账金额等信息，它是区块链系统中存储和传输资产的基本单位，也是区块链系统中的核心数据结构。

账户是指区块链系统中的一种数据结构，它是用户在区块链系统中的唯一标识，它包含了用户的地址、资产、余额等信息，它是区块链系统中存储和管理资产的基本单位。

智能合约是指区块链系统中的一种数据结构，它是一种可以自动执行的代码，它可以自动地执行交易，管理资产，实现自动化的交易，它是区块链系统中的一种重要数据结构，也是区块链系统中的重要功能。

总之，区块链数据层包括区块链网络、区块、交易、账户、智能合约等，它们构成了区块链系统的核心，是区块链系统中存储、传输、管理资产的基础。

请查看相关英文文档

① What is the blockchain structure layer?

The blockchain has a total of six levels of structure. These six levels of structure from bottom to top are: data layer, network layer , consensus layer, incentive layer, contract layer, and application layer.

Data layer - The data layer is the lowest layer of the six-level structure of the blockchain. We can understand the data layer as a database, but for blockchain, this database is an immutable, distributed storage database, which is the so-called distributed ledger.

Contract layer - The contract layer mainly includes various scripts, codes, algorithm mechanisms, and smart contracts, and is the basis for blockchain programmability. The smart contract we are talking about belongs to the contract layer. If the Bitcoin system is not smart enough, then the smart contracts proposed by Ethereum can meet many application scenarios. The principle of the contract layer is mainly to embed code into the blockchain system and use this method to implement customizable smart contracts. In this way, on the blockchain system, once the terms of the smart contract are triggered, the system can automatically execute the order.

Network layer - the network system of the blockchain is essentially a P2P (point-to-point) network. Point-to-point means that there is no need for an intermediate link or centralized server to control the system. Everything in the network Resources and services are allocated to each node, and information can be transmitted directly between the two nodes. However, it should be noted that P2P (peer-to-peer) was not invented by Satoshi Nakamoto. Blockchain just incorporates this technology. Therefore, the network layer of the blockchain is actually a particularly powerful peer-to-peer network system. In this system, each node can both produce and receive information, just like sending emails. You can write your own emails or receive emails sent to you by others.

Application layer - The application layer is the various application scenarios and cases of blockchain. The blockchain+ we are talking about now is the so-called application layer. The blockchain applications that have been implemented so far are mainly various blockchain applications built on public chains such as ETH and EOS, and there are many applications in gambling and games. A truly practical blockchain application currently has the world's first IoT application invested by CoinBank.

Consensus layer - In the world of blockchain, consensus simply means that the entire network must maintain and update the general ledger of the blockchain system according to a unified and agreed-upon rule. Similar to the rules for updating data. Allowing highly dispersed nodes to efficiently reach consensus in a decentralized blockchain network is one of the core technologies of the blockchain and is also the governance mechanism of the blockchain community. The current mainstream consensus mechanism algorithms include: Bitcoin’s Proof of Work (POW), Ethereum’s Proof of Stake (POS), EOS’s Delegated Proof of Stake (DPOS), etc. The three layers of data layer, network layer and consensus layer ensure that there is data, network and rules on the blockchain.

Incentive layer——The incentive layer is the so-called mining mechanism. The mining mechanism can actually be understood as an incentive mechanism: how much you contribute to the blockchain system, how much reward you can get. This incentive mechanism can encourage nodes throughout the network to participate in data recording and maintenance on the blockchain.

The Xueshuo Innovation Blockchain Technology Workstation under Lianqiao Education Online is the only “blockchain technology workstation” approved by the “Smart Learning Workshop 2020- Xueshuo Innovation Workstation” carried out by the School Planning and Construction Development Center of the Ministry of Education of China. "Technical Professional" pilot workstation. The professional base is based on providing students with diversified growth paths, promoting the reform of the training model integrating professional degree research, production, and research, and building an applied and compound talent training system.

② What components should the DAC chain have?

Technical level, the structure of the blockchain. There are multiple blocks on a blockchain, and each block includes a block header and a block body. The block header mainly includes the version number, the hash value of the previous block, timestamp, random number, target hash, and Merkle root; the block body contains the ledger information recorded through the Merkle tree. This mainly shows the technical architecture of the blockchain principle. Next, it mainly introduces the organizational structure and levels. When blockchain technology was first proposed, the architecture was usually divided into six layers, namely data layer, network layer, consensus layer, incentive layer, contract layer and application layer, which was the early architecture diagram of blockchain technology.
Data layer: The data layer is the basic layer, whose function is to collect, record and store urban public safety big data. The block header encapsulates information such as timestamp, root hash value, version number, proof of work, etc. The block body contains public security transaction records calculated using hash algorithm, Merkle tree, asymmetric encryption and other technologies. The password of this layer Learning technologies and operating rules can ensure the security and integrity of public safety big data.
Network layer: As a working mechanism layer, the network layer allows governance entities to jointly participate in the dissemination, verification and accounting of data blocks, and maintains the update and maintenance of public safety big data.
Consensus layer: The consensus layer mainly includes various consensus algorithms, aiming to allow government departments, private units, the public and other governance entities to reach consensus and establish a trust network in the distributed system, thereby maintaining the effectiveness of public security big data. sex.
Incentive layer: The function of the incentive layer is that each consensus subject can receive corresponding incentives in the process of collectively maintaining the blockchain system, so that each subject can not only safeguard its own interests, but also ensure the validity and timing of the blockchain data. sex.

Contract layer: The contract layer needs to be designed in the national institutional environment. Its smart contract is a computer digital agreement that each subject has always followed. It can formulate contract rules based on the logic and process of governance, and conduct public activities spontaneously. Secure data recording, storage, and sharing can effectively reduce governance costs and improve governance efficiency.

Application layer: The application layer can design public chain and alliance chain networks based on the degree of decentralization and governance entities for ordinary government systems and non-governmental systems, and private chains for government secrets.System, users can obtain diversified services through network access portals, truly realizing the co-construction and sharing of data.

Target layer: The target layer is the target task of our management.
In addition, it also includes the application layer, incentive layer, consensus layer, network layer, and data layer. They are nothing more than simplifications in the appeal architecture, and will not be introduced in detail here.

③ A blockchain can be divided into at least three layers. What are the three layers?

Jinwowo Network Technology analyzes the key points of blockchain layering as follows:

The bottom layer is some common basic modules, such as basic encryption algorithms, network communication libraries, stream processing, thread encapsulation, message encapsulation and decoding, system time, etc.;

The middle layer It is the core module of the blockchain and generally contains the main logic of the blockchain, such as P2P network protocol, consensus module, transaction processing module, transaction pool module, simple contract or smart contract module, embedded database processing module, wallet module, etc. etc.;

The top layer is often an interactive module based on Json Standard RPC. Based on Json-RPC, we can also make a better UI interface, or it can be a web-service.

④ What are the total contents of the regional chain?

Answer: The composition of the regional chain

The blockchain system consists of data layer, network layer, consensus layer, and incentive layer , contract layer and application layer.

1. The role of the data layer

The data layer encapsulates the underlying data blocks and related basic data and basic algorithms such as data encryption and timestamps.

2. The composition of the network layer

The network layer includes distributed networking mechanism, data dissemination mechanism and data verification mechanism.

3. The role of the consensus layer

The consensus layer mainly encapsulates various consensus algorithms of network nodes.

IV. Composition of the incentive layer

The incentive layer integrates economic factors into the blockchain technology system, mainly including the issuance mechanism and distribution mechanism of economic incentives.

5. The role of the contract layer

The contract layer mainly encapsulates various scripts, algorithms and smart contracts, and is the basis for the programmable features of the blockchain.

6. The role of the application layer

The application layer encapsulates various application scenarios and cases of the blockchain.

⑤ What is the architecture of the blockchain?

First of all, you need to know that the blockchain is distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm. and other new application models of computer technology. Secondly, Jinwowo Group believes that the structure of the blockchain system is composed of data layer, network layer, consensus layer, incentive layer, contract layer and application layer.

1. Data layer: encapsulates the underlying data blocks and related data encryption and timestamp technologies

2. Network layer: includes distributed networking mechanism, data dissemination mechanism, data verification mechanism, etc.;

3. Consensus layer: mainly encapsulates various consensus algorithms of network nodes; the incentive layer combines economic factors Integrated into the blockchain technology system, it mainly includes the issuance mechanism and distribution mechanism of economic incentives;

4. Contract layer: It mainly encapsulates various scripts, algorithms and smart contracts, and is the core of the blockchain The basis of programmable features; currently Jinwowo in Southwest China has taken the lead in starting big data research with blockchain as the underlying technology, and also provides big data services with blockchain as the underlying technology.

5. Application layer: It encapsulates various application scenarios and cases of blockchain. In this model, the chain block structure based on timestamps, the consensus mechanism of distributed nodes, economic incentives based on consensus computing power, and flexible programmable smart contracts are the most representative innovations of blockchain technology

⑥ What are the three sets of metadata contained in the block header in blockchain technology

1. The hash value of the previous block. Used for pre-index blocks
2. Mining difficulty, random value (for proof of work calculation), timestamp
3. Merkel tree, which can summarize and quickly summarize the verification blocks The root data of all transaction data.

⑦ How to do blockchain

It is necessary to establish the data layer, network layer, consensus layer, incentive layer, contract layer and application layer.

1. The data layer encapsulates the underlying data blocks and related data encryption and timestamps and other basic data and basic algorithms;

2. The network layer includes distribution

3. The consensus layer mainly encapsulates various consensus algorithms of network nodes;

4. The incentive layer integrates economic factors Into the blockchain technology system, it mainly includes the issuance mechanism and distribution mechanism of economic incentives;

5. The contract layer mainly encapsulates various scripts, algorithms and smart contracts, which is the programmable feature of the blockchain The basis;

6. The application layer encapsulates various application scenarios and cases of the blockchain.

(7) What does the blockchain data layer include? Extended reading

General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized during the 18th collective study session of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, “Take blockchain as a core technology An important breakthrough for independent innovation” and “accelerating the development of blockchain technology and industrial innovation”.

The forward-looking judgment of the Party Central Committee has brought "blockchain" into the public eye and has become a common concern for financial capital, the real economy and social public opinion.

From network power to big data, from media convergence to blockchain, the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee has collectively studied and aimed at the forefront of technological change, demonstrating the direction, forward-looking judgment and future foresight of the Party Central Committee, leading It follows the pace of China's industrial reform and economic transformation. This collective study by the Political Bureau of the Central Committee specifically emphasized "blockchain", which opened up imagination space for the development and application of blockchain.

From a technological perspective, blockchain involves many scientific and technical issues such as mathematics, cryptography, Internet and computer programming. From an application perspective, simply put, blockchain is a distributed shared ledger and database, which has the characteristics of decentralization, non-tampering, full traceability, traceability, collective maintenance, openness and transparency.

These characteristics ensure the "honesty" and "transparency" of the blockchain and lay the foundation for the blockchain to create trust. The rich application scenarios of blockchain are basically based on the ability of blockchain to solve the problem of information asymmetry and achieve collaborative trust and consistent action among multiple subjects.

⑧ What is blockchain technology? What exactly is blockchain? A chained data structure composed of sequential connections, and a cryptographically guaranteed distributed ledger that cannot be tampered with or forged.

Broadly speaking, blockchain technology uses block chain data structures to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithms to generate and update data, and uses cryptography to ensure data transmission and access. It is a new distributed infrastructure and computing method that uses smart contracts composed of automated script codes to program and operate data securely.

[Infrastructure]

Generally speaking, the blockchain system consists of data layer, network layer, consensus layer, incentive layer, contract layer and application layer composition. Among them, the data layer encapsulates the underlying data blocks and related basic data and basic algorithms such as data encryption and timestamps; the network layer includes distributed networking mechanisms, data dissemination mechanisms, and data verification mechanisms; the consensus layer mainly encapsulates network nodes Various consensus algorithms; the incentive layer integrates economic factors into the blockchain technology system, mainly including the issuance mechanism and distribution mechanism of economic incentives; the contract layer mainly encapsulates various scripts, algorithms and smart contracts, and is the core of the blockchain The basis of programmable features; the application layer encapsulates various application scenarios and cases of the blockchain. In this model, the chain block structure based on timestamps, the consensus mechanism of distributed nodes, economic incentives based on consensus computing power, and flexible programmable smart contracts are the most representative innovations of blockchain technology.

Extended information:

[Blockchain core technology]

Blockchain mainly solves the trust and security issues of transactions, so it addresses this issue Four technological innovations:

1. Distributed ledger means that transaction accounting is completed by multiple nodes distributed in different places, and each node records a complete account, so they all Can participate in supervising the legality of transactions and can also jointly testify for them.

The uniqueness of blockchain's distributed storage is mainly reflected in two aspects: First, each node of the blockchain stores complete data according to the block chain structure. Traditional distributed storage generally stores The data is divided into multiple parts for storage according to certain rules. Second, each node in the blockchain storesThey are independent and have equal status, relying on a consensus mechanism to ensure storage consistency, while traditional distributed storage generally synchronizes data to other backup nodes through a central node.

No node can record ledger data independently, thus avoiding the possibility of a single bookkeeper being controlled or bribed to record false accounts. Also because there are enough accounting nodes, theoretically speaking, the accounts will not be lost unless all nodes are destroyed, thereby ensuring the security of the accounting data.

2. Asymmetric encryption and authorization technology. Transaction information stored on the blockchain is public, but account identity information is highly encrypted and can only be accessed with authorization from the data owner. , thus ensuring data security and personal privacy.

3. The consensus mechanism is how all accounting nodes reach a consensus to determine the validity of a record. This is both a means of identification and a means of preventing tampering. Blockchain proposes four different consensus mechanisms, which are suitable for different application scenarios and strike a balance between efficiency and security.

The consensus mechanism of the blockchain has the characteristics of "the minority obeys the majority" and "everyone is equal". "The minority obeys the majority" does not entirely refer to the number of nodes, but can also be the computing power and the number of shares. Or other characteristic quantities that the computer can compare. "Everyone is equal" means that when a node meets the conditions, all nodes have the right to give priority to the consensus result, which will be directly recognized by other nodes and may eventually become the final consensus result.

4. Smart contracts. Smart contracts are based on these trustworthy and non-tamperable data and can automatically execute some predefined rules and terms. Take insurance as an example. If everyone's information (including medical information and risk occurrence information) is true and trustworthy, it will be easy to automate claims settlement in some standardized insurance products.

In the daily business of insurance companies, although transactions are not as frequent as those in the banking and securities industries, the reliance on trusted data continues unabated. Therefore, the author believes that using blockchain technology from the perspective of data management can effectively help insurance companies improve their risk management capabilities. Specifically speaking, it is mainly divided into risk management of policyholders and risk supervision of insurance companies.

Blockchain-Network