区块链在合同领域的主要应用场景有,区块链应用到合同

区块链技术在合同领域的应用具有重要意义，它可以有效地改善合同管理的效率和安全性，提升合同管理的效率和可靠性。本文将介绍区块链在合同领域主要的应用场景，以及它们的优势和局限性。

首先，区块链可以用于解决合同发布、签署和执行的问题。例如，可以使用区块链技术来确保合同发布的安全性和可靠性，以及确保合同签署的真实性和有效性。此外，区块链还可以帮助用户更好地跟踪和管理合同执行，从而提高合同管理的效率。

其次，区块链可以用于解决合同的存储和可追溯性问题。使用区块链技术，可以将合同数据存储在区块链的分布式数据库中，从而提高合同数据的安全性和可靠性，以及更好地实现合同数据的可追溯性。此外，区块链还可以帮助用户更好地跟踪和管理合同执行，从而提高合同管理的效率。

此外，区块链还可以用于解决合同的安全性和隐私性问题。使用区块链技术，可以使用加密算法来加密合同内容，从而保护合同内容的安全性和隐私性。此外，使用区块链技术还可以提供更多的安全保护机制，从而更好地保护合同的安全性和隐私性。

总之，区块链在合同领域的应用具有重要意义，可以有效地提高合同的安全性和可靠性，以及更好地实现合同的可追溯性和隐私性。未来，区块链技术将继续在合同领域发挥重要作用，为合同管理带来更多的便利。

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① What is blockchain technology and how does it change business and financial models

Blockchain technology is a distributed ledger technology. It allows multiple participants to jointly maintain a secure, transparent and immutable record on a decentralized network. Blockchain technology was originally designed for the digital currency Bitcoin, but is now widely used in many other fields.

The core features of blockchain technology include:

Decentralization: Blockchain has no central control agency, and data is distributed on various nodes in the network, which makes it decentralized. The centralization feature reduces the risk of single points of failure.

Transparency: Transaction records on the blockchain are public to all participants, and anyone can view these records. This helps increase trust and reduce the risk of fraud.

Immutable: Once a transaction is recorded on the blockchain, it cannot be easily modified or deleted. This guarantees data integrity and security.

Smart contracts: Transactions on the blockchain can be automatically executed to implement "smart contracts", which automatically execute corresponding operations when specific conditions are met. This helps simplify complex business processes and reduce costs.

Blockchain technology has had a profound impact on business and financial models, which is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

Reducing costs: Blockchain technology can reduce intermediary links and reduce costs. Transaction costs and operating costs. For example, by adopting blockchain for cross-border payments, remittance fees can be significantly reduced.

Improving efficiency: The automation and smart contract features of blockchain technology help improve the efficiency of business processes, reduce manual intervention, and reduce error rates.

Enhance trust: The transparency and non-tamperability of blockchain technology help to establish a reliable trust system, reduce the risk of fraud, and provide better protection for commercial activities.

Innovative business models: Blockchain technology has spawned many new business models, such as decentralized finance (DeFi), digital asset trading, supply chain finance, etc. These new business models have brought disruptive changes to existing industries.

In short, blockchain technology, as an emerging technical means, is gradually changing the landscape of business and finance. With the continuous development of technology and the in-depth promotion of applications, blockchain is expected to have a more extensive and far-reaching impact in the future

② 108 knowledge points for getting started with blockchain

1 , What is a blockchain?

The information of multiple transactions and the information indicating the block are packaged together. The verified package is the block.

Each block stores the hash value of the previous block, creating a relationship between blocks, that is to say, a chain. Together they are called blockchain.

2. What is Bitcoin

BitcoinThe concept was proposed by Satoshi Nakamoto in 2009, and the total number is 21 million. The Bitcoin chain generates a block approximately every 10 minutes, and this block is mined by miners for 10 minutes. As a reward to miners, a certain number of Bitcoins will be issued to miners, but this certain number is halved every four years. Now it's 12.5. If this continues, all Bitcoins will be available in 2040.

3. What is Ethereum

The biggest difference between Ethereum and Bitcoin is the smart contract. This allows developers to develop and run various applications on it.

4. Distributed ledger

It is a database that is shared, replicated and synchronized among network members. To put it bluntly, all users on the blockchain have accounting functions and the content is consistent, which ensures that the data cannot be tampered with.

5. What is quasi-anonymity?

I believe everyone has a wallet, and the wallet address (a string of characters) used to send transactions is quasi-anonymity.

6. What is open transparency/traceability

The blockchain stores all data from history to the present, anyone can view it, and can also view any data in history.

7. What is tamper-proof

Historical data and current transaction data cannot be tampered with. The data is stored in the block on the chain and has a hash value. If the block information is modified, its hash value will also change, and the hash values ​​of all blocks following it must also be modified to form a new chain. At the same time, the main chain is still conducting transactions to generate blocks. The modified chain must always generate blocks synchronously with the main chain to ensure that the length of the chain is the same. The cost is too high, just to modify a piece of data.

8. What is anti-DDoS attack

DDoS: Hackers control many people’s computers or mobile phones and allow them to access a website at the same time. Since the bandwidth of the server is limited, a large amount of traffic The influx of data may cause the website to fail to function properly, resulting in losses. However, the blockchain is distributed and there is no central server. If one node fails, other nodes will not be affected. Theoretically, if more than 51% of the nodes are attacked, problems will occur.

9. Definition of main chain

Taking Bitcoin as an example, at a certain point in time, a block is mined by two miners at the same time, and then 6 blocks are generated first. The chain of blocks is the main chain

10. Single chain/multi-chain

Single chain refers to the data structure that handles everything on one chain. The core essence of the multi-chain structure is composed of public chain + N sub-chains. There is only one, and theoretically there can be countless sub-chains, and each sub-chain canRun one or more DAPP systems

11. Public chain/consortium chain/private chain

Public chain: everyone can participate in the blockchain

Alliance chain: Only alliance members are allowed to participate in accounting and query

Private chain: Writing and viewing permissions are only in the hands of one organization.

12. Consensus layer, data layer, etc.

There are six overall structures of the blockchain: data layer, network layer, consensus layer, incentive layer, contract layer, and application layer. Data layer: a layer that records data, belonging to the underlying technology; network layer: a structure for building a blockchain network, which determines how users are organized. Consensus layer: Provides a set of rules to allow everyone to reach agreement on the information received and stored. Incentive layer: Design incentive policies to encourage users to participate in the blockchain ecosystem; Contract layer: Generally referred to as "smart contracts", it is a set of contract systems that can be automatically executed and written according to their own needs. Application layer: Applications on the blockchain, similar to mobile apps. Former Distributed Storage R&D Center

13. Timestamp

The timestamp refers to January 1, 1970 Day 0 hours 0 minutes 0 seconds 0... The total number of seconds from the current time to now, or the total number of nanoseconds and other very large numbers. Each block is generated with a timestamp indicating when the block was generated.

14. Block/block header/block body

Block is the basic unit of blockchain, and block header and block body are components of blockchain. The information contained in the block header includes the hash of the previous block, the hash of this block, timestamp, etc. The block body is the detailed data in the block.

15. Merkle tree

Merkle tree, also called binary tree, is a data structure for storing data. The bottom layer is the original data contained in all blocks, and the upper layer is each The hash value of a block, the hash of this layer is combined in pairs to generate a new hash value, forming a new layer, and then upwards layer by layer, until a hash value is generated. Such a structure can be used to quickly compare large amounts of data, and you can quickly find the bottom-level historical data you want without downloading all the data.

16. What is expansion?

The size of a Bitcoin block is about 1M and can save 4,000 transaction records. Expansion means making the block larger so that more data can be stored.

17. What is a chain?

Each block will save the hash of the previous block, creating a relationship between the blocks. This relationship is a chain. Data such as block transaction records and status changes are stored through this chain.

18． Block height

This is not the height mentioned in terms of distance. It refers to the total number of blocks between the block and the first block on the chain. This height indicates which block it is, and is just for identification purposes.

19. Fork

Two blocks were generated at the same time (the transaction information in the block is the same, but the hash value of the block is different), and then in Two chains are forked from these two blocks. Whoever generates 6 blocks from these two links first will be the main chain, and the other chain will be discarded.

20. Ghost Protocol

Mining pools with high computing power can easily generate blocks faster than mining machines with low computing power, resulting in most of the blocks on the blockchain being generated by these mining pools with high computing power. However, the blocks generated by mining machines with low computing power are not stored on the chain because they are slow, and these blocks will be invalid.

The ghost protocol allows blocks that should be invalidated to remain on the chain for a short time, and can also be used as part of the proof of work

. In this way, miners with small computing power will contribute more to the main chain, and large mining pools will not be able to monopolize the confirmation of new blocks.

21. Orphan block

As mentioned before, orphan blocks are blocks generated at the same time. One of them forms a chain, and the other does not form a chain. Then this block that does not form a chain is called an orphan block.

22. Uncle block

The orphan block mentioned above, through the ghost protocol, makes it part of the proof of work, then it will not be discarded and will be saved in the main chain superior. This block is the next

23 replay attack

The hacker resends the message that has been sent to the server. Sometimes this can deceive the server into responding multiple times.

24. Directed acyclic graph

Also called data set DAG (directed acyclic graph), DAG is an ideal multi-chain data structure. Most of the blockchains mentioned now are single chains, that is, one block is connected to another block, and DAG is multiple blocks connected. The advantage is that several blocks can be generated at the same time, so the network can process a large number of transactions at the same time, and the throughput will definitely increase. However, there are many shortcomings and it is currently in the research stage.

25. What is mining

The mining process is to perform a series of conversions, connections and hash operations on the above six fields, and continue to try them one by one. The random number you are looking for, and finally successfully find a random number that meets the conditions: the value after hashing is smaller than the hash value of the preset difficulty value, then the mining is successful and the node canNeighboring nodes broadcast the block. Neighboring nodes receive the block and perform the same operation on the above six fields to verify compliance, and then forward it to other nodes. Other nodes also use the same algorithm to verify. If the entire network 51% of the nodes have verified successfully. Even if this block is truly "mined" successfully, each node will add this block to the end of the previous block and record the same record in the block as its own. Delete the list and restart the above process again. Another thing to mention is that regardless of whether the mining is successful or not, each node will pre-record the reward of 50 Bitcoins and the handling fees of all transactions (total input-total output) in the first item of the transaction list (this is " The most fundamental purpose of "mining" is also the fundamental reason to ensure the long-term stable operation of the blockchain), the output address is the address of this node, but if the mining is unsuccessful, the transaction will be invalidated without any reward. Moreover, this transaction called "production transaction" does not participate in the "mining" calculation.

26. Mining machines/mines

Mining machines are computers with various configurations, and computing power is the biggest difference between them. A place where mining machines are concentrated in one place is a mining farm

27. Mining pool

Miners unite to form a team, and the computer group under this team is a mining pool. Mining rewards are distributed based on your own computing power contribution.

28. Mining difficulty and computing power

Mining difficulty is to ensure that the interval between generating blocks is stable within a certain short time, such as Bitcoin is issued in 10 minutes

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Block 1. The computing power is the configuration of the mining machine.

29. Verification

When verification in the blockchain is a confirmation of the legality of the transaction, each node will verify the transaction once when the transaction message is propagated between nodes. Whether the transaction is legal. For example, verify whether the syntax of the transaction is correct, whether the transaction amount is greater than 0, whether the entered transaction amount is reasonable, etc. After passing the verification, it will be packaged and handed over to the miners for mining.

30. Transaction broadcast

The node sends information to other nodes through the network.

31. Mining fees

For the blockchain to work non-stop like a perpetual motion machine, miners need to maintain the system. Therefore, the miners must be given favorable fees to make it sustainable.

32. Transaction confirmation

When a transaction occurs, the block recording the transaction will be confirmed for the first time, and will be confirmed in every area on the chain after the block. Block is reconfirmed: When the number of confirmations reaches 6 or more, the transaction is generally considered safe and difficult to tamper with.

33. Double transaction

That is, I have 10 yuan, I use the 10 yuan to buy a pack of cigarettes, and then instantlyDuring the operation, I bought another cup of coffee with the 10 yuan that had not yet been paid. So when verifying the transaction, you need to confirm whether the 10 yuan has been spent.

34. UTXO unspent transaction output

It is a data structure containing transaction data and execution code, which can be understood as digital currency that exists but has not yet been consumed.

35. Transactions per second TPS

That is throughput, tps refers to the number of transactions the system can process per second.

36. Wallet

Similar to Alipay, it is used to store digital currencies, and blockchain technology is more secure.

37. Cold wallet/hot wallet

A cold wallet is an offline wallet. The principle is to store it locally and use QR code communication to prevent the private key from touching the Internet. A hot wallet is an online wallet. The principle is to encrypt the private key and store it on the server. When it is needed, it is downloaded from the server and decrypted on the browser side.

38. Software Wallet/Hardware Wallet

A software wallet is a computer program. Generally speaking, a software wallet is a program that interacts with the blockchain and allows users to receive, store, and send digital currencies and can store multiple keys. Hardware wallets are smart devices that specialize in handling digital currencies.

39. Airdrop

The project sends digital currency to each user’s wallet address.

40. Mapping

Mapping is related to the issuance of blockchain currency and is a mapping between chains. For example, there are some blockchain companies that have not completed the development of the chain in the early stage. They rely on Ethereum to issue their own currency. The issuance and transactions of the early currency are all operated on Ethereum. With the development of the company, the company's own chain development has been completed. The company wants to map all the previous information on Ethereum to its own chain. This process is mapping.

41. Position

Refers to the ratio of the investor’s actual investment to the actual investment funds

42. Full position

All funds are bought Enter Bitcoin

43. Reduce the position

Sell some of the Bitcoins, but not all of them

44. Heavy positions

Compared with Bitcoin, Bitcoin accounts for a larger share of funds

45. Short position

Compared with Bitcoin, the share of funds is larger

46. Short position

Sell all the Bitcoins you hold and convert them all into funds.

47. Stop loss

After a certain amount of profit is obtained, sell the Bitcoin held to maintain the profit

48. Stop loss

After the loss reaches a certain level, sell the Sell ​​your Bitcoin holdings to prevent further losses

49. Bull market

Prices continue to rise and the outlook is optimistic

50. Bear market

The price continues to fall and the outlook is bleak

51. Long (long)

The buyer believes that the currency price will rise in the future and buys the currency. After the currency price rises, he sells it at a high price to gain profit. Take profit

52. Short position (short selling)

The seller believes that the currency price will fall in the future, sells the currency he holds (or borrows currency from the trading platform), and waits for the currency After the price falls, buy at a low price to take profits

53. Open a position

Buy virtual currencies such as Bitcoin

54. Cover a position

< p> Buy Bitcoin and other virtual currencies in batches, for example: buy 1 BTC first, then buy 1 BTC

55. Full position

Buy all funds at once A certain kind of virtual currency

56. Rebound

When the currency price falls, the price rebounds and adjusts because it falls too fast

57. Consolidation (sideways) < /p>

The price fluctuation range is small and the currency price is stable

58. Overcast drop

The currency price declines slowly

59. Diving (waterfall)

The currency price fell rapidly and to a large extent

60. Cutting meat

After buying Bitcoin, the currency price fell. To avoid expanding losses, sell at a loss. Bitcoin. Or after borrowing the currency to go short, the currency price rises, and you buy Bitcoin at a loss

61. Hold on

Expect the currency price to rise, but unexpectedly the currency price falls after buying; or expect the currency price fell, but unexpectedly, after selling, the currency price rose

62. Unwinding

After buying Bitcoin, the currency price fell, causing a temporary book loss, but then the currency price rebounded and the loss was reversed To make a profit

63. Go short

After selling Bitcoin because of the bearish market outlook, the price of the currency continued to rise, and I was unable to buy it in time, so I failed to make a profit

64. Overbought

The currency price continues to rise to a certain height, the buyer’s power is basically exhausted, and the currency price is about to fall

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65. Oversold

The currency price continues to fall to a certain low, the seller's power is basically exhausted, and the currency price is about to rise

66. Lure buyers

The currency price has been consolidating for a long time and is more likely to fall. Most of the short sellers have sold Bitcoin. Suddenly the short sellers pulled up the currency price, inducing many parties to think that the currency price will rise and buy one after another. As a result, the short sellers suppressed the price. The price of the currency has trapped many parties

67. Short-selling

After the bulls bought Bitcoin, they deliberately suppressed the price of the currency, making the short sellers think that the price of the currency would fall and sell them one after another. As a result Falling into the trap of bulls

68. What is NFT

The full name of NFT is "Non-Fungible Tokens", which is non-fungible tokens. , to put it simply, it is an indivisible copyright certificate on the blockchain, which is mainly used to confirm and transfer the rights of digital assets. The difference from digital currency is that it is unique and indivisible. In essence, it is a unique digital asset.

69. What is the Metaverse

The Metaverse is a collection of virtual time and space, consisting of a series of augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR) and the Internet (Internet) Composed of digital currency, which carries the function of value transfer in this world.

70. What is DeFi

DeFi, the full name is Decentralized Finance, which is "decentralized finance" or "distributed finance". "Decentralized finance", as opposed to traditional centralized finance, refers to various financial applications based on open decentralized networks. The goal is to establish a multi-level financial system based on blockchain technology and cryptocurrency. As a basis, re-create and improve the existing financial system

71. Who is Satoshi Nakamoto?

72. Bitcoin is different from Q Coin

Bitcoin is a decentralized digital asset with no issuing entity. Q Coin is an electronic currency issued by Tencent. It is similar to electronic points, but it is not actually a currency. Q Coin requires a centralized issuing institution. Q Coin can only be recognized and used because of the credit endorsement of Tencent. The scope of use is also limited to Tencent's games and services. The value of Q coins is entirely based on people's trust in Tencent.

Bitcoin is not issued through a centralized institution, but it is widely recognized around the world because Bitcoin can self-certify its trust. The issuance and circulation of Bitcoin are jointly accounted for by miners across the entire network, and are not A central authority is also needed to ensure that no one can tamper with the ledger.

73. What is a mining machine?

Taking Bitcoin as an example, a Bitcoin mining machine is a professional device that competes for accounting rights by running a large amount of calculations to obtain rewards for new Bitcoins. It is generally composed of a mining chip, a heat sink and a fan. It only executes a single calculation program and consumes power. Larger quantity. Mining is actually a competition between miners for computing power. Miners with more computing power have a greater probability of mining Bitcoin. As the computing power of the entire network increases, it becomes increasingly difficult to mine bits with traditional equipment (CPU, GPU), and people have developed chips specifically for mining. The chip is the core part of the mining machine. The operation of the chip will generate a large amount of heat. In order to dissipate heat, Bitcoin mining machines are generally equipped with heat sinks and fans. Users download Bitcoin mining software on their computers, use the software to assign tasks to each mining machine, and then start mining. Each currency has a different algorithm and requires different mining machines.

74. What is quantitative trading?

Quantitative trading, sometimes also called automated trading, refers to the use of advanced mathematical models to replace human subjective judgments, which greatly reduces the impact of investor sentiment fluctuations and avoids extreme fanaticism or pessimism in the market. make irrational investment decisions. There are many types of quantitative trading, including cross-platform trading, trend trading, hedging, etc. Cross-platform trading means that when the price difference between different target platforms reaches a certain amount, sell on the platform with a higher price and buy on the platform with a lower price.

75. Blockchain asset over-the-counter trading

Over-the-counter trading is also called OTC trading. Users need to find their own counterparties and do not need to match the transaction. The transaction price is determined by negotiation between the two parties. The two parties can fully communicate through face-to-face negotiation or telephone communication.

76. What is a timestamp?

The blockchain ensures that each block is connected sequentially through timestamps. Timestamps enable every piece of data on the blockchain to have a time stamp. Simply put, timestamps prove when something happened on the blockchain and cannot be tampered with by anyone.

77. What is a blockchain fork?

Upgrading software in a centralized system is very simple, just click "Upgrade" in the app store. However, in decentralized systems such as blockchain, "upgrading" is not that simple, and a disagreement may even cause a blockchain fork. Simply put, a fork refers to a disagreement when the blockchain is "upgraded", resulting in a fork in the blockchain. Because there is no centralized organization, every code upgrade of digital assets such as Bitcoin needs to be unanimously recognized by the Bitcoin community. If the Bitcoin community cannot reach an agreement, the blockchain is likely to form a fork.

78. Soft fork and hard fork

Hard fork means that when the Bitcoin code changes, the old nodes refuse to accept the blocks created by the new nodes. Blocks that do not comply with the original rules will be ignored, and miners will follow the original rules in the area they last verified.Create new blocks after blocks. A soft fork means that old nodes are not aware of the changes to the Bitcoin code and continue to accept blocks created by new nodes. Miners may work on blocks they have no understanding of, or validation of. Both soft forks and hard forks are "backwards compatible" to ensure that new nodes can verify the blockchain from scratch. Backward compatibility means that new software accepts data or code generated by old software. For example, Windows 10 can run Windows XP applications. Soft forks can also be "forward compatible".

79. Classification and application of blockchain projects

Judging from the current mainstream blockchain projects, blockchain projects mainly fall into four categories: Category 1: Currency; The second category: platform category; the third category: application category; the fourth category: asset tokenization.

80. USDT against the US dollar

USDT is Tether USD, a token launched by Tether that is against the US dollar (USD). 1USDT=1 US dollar, users can use USDT and USD for 1:1 exchange at any time. Tether implements a 1:1 reserve guarantee system, that is, each USDT token will have a reserve guarantee of 1 US dollar, which supports the stability of the USDT price. The unit price of a certain digital asset is USDT, which is equivalent to its unit price in US dollars (USD).

81. Altcoins and alternative coins

Altcoins refer to blockchain assets that use the Bitcoin code as a template and make some modifications to its underlying technology blockchain, among which Those with technological innovations or improvements are also called alternative coins. Because the Bitcoin code is open source, the cost of plagiarism in Bitcoin is very low. You can even generate a brand new blockchain by simply copying the Bitcoin code and modifying some parameters.

82. Three major exchanges

Binance: https://accounts.binancezh.ac/zh-CN

Okex: https://www .ouyi.top/

Huobi: https://www.huobi.af/zh-cn

83. Market software

Mytoken: http: //www.mytoken.com/

Non-small account: https://www.feixiaohao.co/

84. Information website

Babbitt: https://www.8btc.cn

Golden Finance: http://www.jinse.com/

Coin World News: http://www.bishijie.com

85. Blockchain Browser

BTC: https://btc.com/

ETH: https://etherscan.io/

BCH: https://blockchair.com/bitcoin-cash/blocks

LTC: http://www .qukuai.com/search/ltc

ETC: https://gastracker.io/

86. Wallet

Imtoken: https://imatoken. net/

Bitpie: https://bitpie.com/

87. Decentralized Exchange

uniswap: https://uniswap.org

88. NFT Exchange

Opensea: https://opensea.io

Super Rare: https ://superrare.com/

89. Ladders

Bring your own, buy reliable ladders

90. Platform coins

Platform The digital currency issued is used to deduct handling fees, transactions, etc.

91. Bull market, bear market

Bull market: rising market

Bear market: falling market

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92. Blockchain 1.0

A currency trading system based on distributed ledgers, represented by Bitcoin

93. Blockchain 2.0

Contract blockchain technology represented by Ethereum (smart contract) is 2.0

94. Blockchain 3.0

In the era of intelligent Internet of Things, it goes beyond the financial field and provides services for various industries. Provide decentralized solutions

95. Smart Contract

Smart Contract is a computer protocol designed to disseminate, verify or execute contracts in an information-based manner. It is simple Say, make an electronic contract in advance, and once both parties confirm it, the contract will automaticallyExecute automatically.

96. What is a token?

The token economy is an economic system with Token as the only reference standard, which is equivalent to a pass. If you own Token, you have rights and interests, and you have the right to speak.

Big data is the means of production, AI is the new productivity, and blockchain is the new production relationship. Big data refers to a collection of data that cannot be captured, managed and processed within a certain time range using conventional software tools. It is a massive, high-growth and high-volume data set that requires new processing models to have stronger decision-making power, insight discovery and process optimization capabilities. Diverse information assets. Simply understood, big data is massive data accumulated over a long period of time and cannot be obtained in the short term. Blockchain can be used as a way to obtain big data, but it cannot replace big data. Big data is only used as a medium running in the blockchain and has no absolute technical performance, so the two cannot be confused. (A simple understanding of production relations is labor exchange and consumption relations. The core lies in productivity, and the core of productivity lies in production tools)

ICO, Initial Coin Offering, initial public token issuance, is the first step in the blockchain digital currency industry. Crowdfunding. It is the most popular topic and investment trend in 2017, and the country launched a regulatory plan on September 4. Speaking of ICO, people will think of IPO, and the two are fundamentally different.

99. Five characteristics of digital currency

The first characteristic: decentralization

The second characteristic: having open source code

The third feature: independent electronic wallet

The fourth feature: constant issuance

The fifth feature: global circulation

100. What is decentralization?

It has no issuer, does not belong to any institution or country, and is a publicly issued currency designed, developed and stored on the Internet by Internet network experts.

100. What is measurement (scarcity)?

Once the total amount of issuance is set, it is permanently fixed, cannot be changed, cannot be over-issued at will, and is subject to global Internet supervision. Because the difficulty of mining and mining changes over time, the longer the time, the greater the difficulty of mining, and the fewer coins are mined, so it is scarce.

101. What is open source code?

The alphanumeric code is stored on the Internet. Anyone can find out the source code of its design, everyone can participate, can mine it, and it is open to the world.

102. What is anonymous transaction? Private wallet private?

Everyone can register onlineDownloading the wallet does not require real-name authentication. It is completely composed of encrypted digital codes. It can be sent and traded globally instantly point-to-point without resorting to banks or any institutions. It cannot be tracked or inquired by anyone without my authorization.

A contract transaction refers to an agreement between a buyer and seller to receive a certain amount of an asset at a specified price at a certain time in the future. The objects of contract trading are standardized contracts formulated by the exchange. The exchange stipulates standardized information such as commodity type, transaction time, quantity, etc. A contract represents the rights and obligations of the buyer and seller.

105. Digital Currency Industry Chain

Chip manufacturers, mining machine manufacturers, and mining machine agents mine and export to exchanges for retail investors to speculate in coins< /p>

106. Who is Erben?

Erben: Digital Currency Value Investor

Investment style: Steady

Building a community: Erben’s Miscellaneous Talks (High Quality Price Investment Community)

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107. Two investment strategies

Combining long and short term, focusing on price investment, no contracts, no short-term play

Reasonable layout, scientific operation, prudent and conservative, making periodic money

108. Two books?

Welcome currency friends and seek common development

③ What is blockchain smart contract payment

Blockchain smart contract payment refers to transactions and non-transactions . The first thing to make clear is that blockchain smart contracts are not real contracts. According to the programmable characteristics of the blockchain, people can place contracts on the blockchain in the form of code and automatically execute them under agreed conditions, which is called a smart contract. It's just a broad definition. A smart contract is a piece of code involving assets and transactions. Only by putting it on the blockchain can we effectively prevent "piracy" and "tampering". In fact, before the emergence of blockchain, smart contracts did not receive much development.
As blockchain technology develops and matures, smart contracts will be very useful. Smart contracts are a new way for new participants to reach consensus. It does not depend on any organization or individual for its execution, it does it on its own, not even by default. Smart contracts will become the fundamental structure of the global economy. Anyone can use smart contracts to participate in economic activities without prior review and high upfront costs. In traditional contract making, people must choose trustworthy people and institutions, while smart contracts eliminate the necessary trust in third parties from many economic transactions.
With the emergence of virtual digital currency, blockchain came into being. In essence, blockchain is aDecentralized databases, distributed ledger technology, that is, data storage in distributed institutions. Compared with traditional centralized storage, decentralized storage makes supervision more open and transparent, avoiding risks such as tampering and forgery. Therefore, the application of blockchain in the field of electronic contracts adds security to the custody of electronic contracts.
Blockchain solves the problems of authentication storage, credit enhancement and real authentication in the use of electronic contracts. Deposit receipts for electronic contracts are susceptible to security breaches through third parties, leading to data leaks. Deposit receipts are single, making it difficult to trace when problems arise. The platform also questioned the validity of the verification data. The application of blockchain technology can generate encrypted storage of data chains during the signing process of electronic contracts. Once the data on the chain is difficult to tamper with, the signing time and operation information can also be accurately recorded through time stamp technology, and the evidence chain can be saved to communicate with third-party institutions. Collaborate to ensure the security of electronic contract signing. After blockchain deposits and third-party institution deposits, the credibility of judicially adopted evidence is effectively improved, and forensic appraisal reports and notarization can be quickly applied for. At the same time, blockchain smart contracts also ensure the authenticity and reliability of the contract's authenticity. Ensure that electronic contracts have full legal effect

④ Who is executing the contract in Ethereum transactions

In Ethereum transactions, it is the user who is executing the contract. According to relevant query information: On the Ethereum network, when users (addresses) conduct transactions in the blockchain network, smart contracts are responsible for executing and managing such operations. Addresses that are not managed by smart contracts are called external accounts (EOA). Therefore, smart contracts are controlled by computer source code, and EOA is controlled by the users themselves.

⑤ How can blockchain better ensure the effectiveness of electronic contracts

Electronic contracts themselves are a kind of electronic data, which have security flaws such as easy tampering and deletion, which is not conducive to the service. Long-term development. In order to ensure the legal validity of electronic documents and electronic contracts signed by users on the electronic contract platform, the entire process of electronic contract signing needs to be documented.

In the "Legal Chain" application implemented based on blockchain certification technology, the platform will archive the key links of electronic contract signing and distribute key information and data. Store it in the entire blockchain, thereby realizing the entire process of electronic contract storage.

Taking a closer look at its implementation principles, blockchain uses machine algorithms to solve the problem of consistency, reliable storage and prevention of multi-party transaction records through in-depth use of cryptographic algorithms, specially designed data structures and multi-party consensus algorithms. The problem of tampering is naturally closely related to electronic data storage.

First of all, electronic contract signing records are stored on a shared ledger maintained by multiple parties, which cannot be tampered with, cannot be repudiated, and of course will not be lost.

Secondly, the electronic contract text and electronic contract elements are encrypted and stored, including the participants of the electronic contract. Only participants can decrypt and view the data to protect the privacy of the contracting parties.

Again, the machine follows predefined rules (smart contract) is strictly implemented and no longer relies solely on a paper agreement with a third party to guarantee it. The blockchain-based KYC service automatically checks and verifies the validity and identity of the certificate, ensuring that the identity of the participants is valid and authentic while ensuring privacy.

Currently, all electronic contracts signed on our electronic contract platform use blockchain technology to realize the distributed storage of digital fingerprints of electronic documents, further strengthening the legal validity of the electronic contracts on the platform.

⑥ Problems with Blockchain

Blockchain has certain uses, but it is by no means omnipotent.

There are two main problems with blockchain.

1 The blockchain cannot verify the authenticity of information outside the system. If the information uploaded to the blockchain itself is false, the anti-counterfeiting and anti-tampering of the blockchain will be worthless. To ensure that the uploaded information is authentic, there still needs to be an authoritative agency to check it. Since we all trust the information uploaded by this authoritative organization, why should we be afraid of it tampering with the information? What difference does it make if we use blockchain or not?

2 In the blockchain world, code is the law, and the system can run automatically. However, once it interacts with the real world, the real world may not necessarily agree with the law of the code. For example, if a contract is signed on the blockchain, it will be automatically executed when it expires, and assets will be transferred. However, if there is a bad guy in reality who does not execute the actual asset transfer in accordance with the contract on the blockchain, the contract will be a piece of paper. It is also necessary for the actual courts and other institutions to take action.

The first practical application of blockchain, Bitcoin, has such great influence because it can avoid the above two problems.

Bitcoin is completely self-contained. All information is generated within the Bitcoin system and is closed and verifiable. Bitcoin is not linked to any real assets, so it can be easily passed through The program runs automatically.

Because Bitcoin is completely virtual and operates entirely on procedures and rules, it has no borders, is not subject to regulatory control, does not require exchange, circulates freely, cannot be frozen or confiscated, is available to everyone, and will not be over-issued or devalued. , which is its advantage over legal currency.

However, because Bitcoin completely relies on fixed rules and procedures to operate automatically, the supply of Bitcoin is inelastic. If the private key is stolen, the property will be lost and cannot be recovered. This is why it Shortcomings.

Similarly, when using blockchain technology in reality, if we really pursue that code is the law and the private key proves everything, if the private key is stolen, the assets will inevitably be lost and cannot be recovered. For example, if shares are mapped to the blockchain, is it possible that if a major shareholder loses his private key, all his shares will become unusable? This is also an unavoidable problem with blockchain.

In summary, the real killer application of blockchain is actually cryptocurrency. Developing a currencyless blockchain is not that disruptive, butAnd beware of some scammers using the banner of blockchain to defraud money and subsidies.

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