区块链是不是点对点交易,区块链是不是点对点的

区块链技术作为一种新型的信息技术，它的应用越来越广泛，其中最重要的应用就是实现点对点的交易。

点对点交易是指，用户之间可以直接进行货币交易，而不需要第三方机构的介入。这种交易方式具有很多优势，比如可以提高交易效率，降低交易成本，提高交易安全性等等。

区块链技术正是用来实现点对点交易的。它可以通过分布式数据库的方式，将用户之间的交易记录存储在网络中，从而实现点对点的交易。

区块链技术的应用不仅仅局限于点对点的交易，它还可以用于智能合约、数字资产管理等。它的应用范围非常广泛，可以有效改善传统金融体系的不足，为用户提供更安全、更高效的服务。

总的来说，区块链技术是一种可以实现点对点交易的技术，它的应用范围非常广泛，能够有效改善传统金融体系的不足，为用户提供更安全、更高效的服务。未来，区块链技术将会进一步发展，为社会带来更多的变革。

Ⅰ The difference between blockchain and industrial chain

The difference between blockchain and industrial chain.
1. Different meanings. Blockchain is a point-to-point distributed accounting. Industrial chain is a concept in industrial economics. It is based on certain technical and economic relationships between various industrial sectors and based on specific logical relationships and time and space. The layout relationship is an objectively formed chain-like relationship form.
2. Characteristics: Blockchain is decentralized, traceable, traceable, open and transparent, trust-based, non-tamperable, and safer. The industrial chain is a chain that includes value chain, enterprise chain, supply and demand chain and space chain. Based on the concept of two dimensions, there are a large number of upstream and downstream relationships and mutual value exchanges in the industrial chain. The upstream links deliver products or services to the downstream links, and the downstream links feed back information to the upstream links.

II What is the meaning of blockchain

Blockchain is a new application model of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm.

Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database. At the same time, as the underlying technology of Bitcoin, it is a series of cryptographic methods related to each other. Each data block generated contains a batch of Bitcoin network transaction information, which is used to verify the validity of the information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block.

(2) Is the blockchain point-to-point? Extended reading:

Types of blockchains

1. Public blocks Chain

Public BlockChains means: any individual or group in the world can send transactions, and the transactions can be effectively confirmed by the blockchain, and anyone can participate in its consensus process.

Public blockchain is the earliest blockchain and the most widely used blockchain. The virtual digital currencies of all major bitcoins series are based on public blockchains. There is only one such blockchain in the world. The blockchain corresponding to the currency.

2. Consortium (Industry) Blockchain

Industry Blockchain (ConsortiumBlockChains): Multiple pre-selected nodes are designated as bookkeepers within a certain group. Each block The generation is jointly decided by all pre-selected nodes (the pre-selected nodes participate in the consensus process), and other access nodes can participate in transactions.

But don’t worry about the accounting process (it is essentially still managed accounting, it just becomes distributed accounting, how many nodes are pre-selected, and how to determine the accountant of each block to become the main owner of the blockchain) Risk point), anyone else can conduct limited queries through the API opened by the blockchain.

3. Private Blockchain

Private Blockchains (PrivateBlockChains): Only use the general ledger technology of the blockchain for accounting. It can be a company or an individual. Exclusive writing permissions for this blockchain. This chain is different from other distributed storage solutions.There is a big difference.

Traditional finance is trying to experiment with private blockchains, while public chain applications such as Bitcoin have been industrialized, and private chain application products are still being explored

Ⅲ What is a block Chain point-to-point transmission

The blockchain itself is a tool called decentralization and trustlessness. For example, when you graduate from university, the current practice is to have an authoritative agency recognize and issue it. Documents as proof.
This setting is more troublesome, because this is a piece of paper, and paper can be forged, so there will be various gaps. The issuing authority is also a human, and there will be various gaps in the middle. As long as it is with people There are various possibilities depending on which media it is related to.
Blockchain provides a good opportunity. As soon as you graduate, a record will be generated on the blockchain. No one can change this record. This thing exists objectively. As a Physical existence, and then as a data existence, the blockchain was born.
In this way, anyone who wants to check where he graduated can easily solve the problem.
This is similar to the big data often involved in social networking (WeChat) and payment platforms (Alipay, Yipay).

IV What is Blockchain

Blockchain is a term in the field of information technology. In essence, it is a shared database, and the data or information stored in it has the characteristics of "unforgeable", "full traces left", "traceable", "open and transparent" and "collectively maintained".

IV What is the concept of blockchain? Read it in three minutes!

On October 25, 2019, Xinwen Broadcast sent a very important signal: the country must vigorously develop blockchain. After that, blockchain has become an Internet celebrity, and the figure of "blockchain" is floating in the streets and alleys. In fact, many technology companies have already deployed blockchain technology.

Although blockchain is very popular, many people do not know much about blockchain.

What is blockchain?

Let’s first take a look at how Du Niang explained it. Network display: Blockchain is a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithms.

Why is blockchain called blockchain?

The blockchain is linked by blocks one by one, and the blocks are storage units one by one, which record the communication information of each block node. The blocks are much like the records of the database. Writing data every time creates a block. With the expansion of information exchange, one block continues with another, and the result is called a blockchain.

What are the characteristics of blockchain?

Blockchain mainly has the following characteristics:

1. Decentralization: In the blockchain system, every node has equal rights and obligations, and there is no central control. Decentralization has well established trust relationships with each other. Although there is no central management organization, people can collaborate with each other and trust each other. This mainly applies blockchain distributed ledger technology.

2. Openness: Blockchain data is open to everyone. Except for some encrypted information that is not open, everyone can check the data here.

3. Independence: The entire blockchain system does not rely on other third parties. All nodes can automatically and securely verify and exchange data within the system without any human intervention.

4. Security: Blockchain has a certain degree of security and cannot be tampered with. Because everyone in the blockchain system has the same ledger, if someone wants to tamper with it, it is possible to forge a non-existent record only if they control more than 51% of the accounting nodes. Of course, this is basically impossible. This is mainly due to the core technology of the blockchain: the consensus mechanism. The consensus mechanism has the characteristics of "the minority obeys the majority" and "everyone is equal".

5. Anonymity: Many people think that if the blockchain is so open and transparent, will we lose privacy? In fact, no, although the transaction information in the blockchain is open and transparent, the identity information of the account is encrypted and can only be accessed with authorization.

Now let me tell you a story to help you better understand the blockchain.

There are three people in the family, mom, dad, older brother and younger brother. Last year, my father was in charge of the family's account books. He was responsible for all the family's income and expenses alone.

However, on the day of Double Eleven, my mother, who has always been frugal, wanted to buy herself a beautiful piece of clothing on a certain online store. When she checked the account book, she found something was wrong. It stands to reason that except for some money deposited in banks and financial management, the whereabouts of the daily consumption money at home are all in this account book, but no matter how you look at it, it is wrong. Some consumption is clearly not recorded, but is recorded.

Later, my father took the initiative to confess that he couldn’t help but buy a pack of cigarettes.

Later, my mother changed her strategy and the whole family kept accounts. Everyone recorded their monthly consumption expenditure in their own account books. Whenever there was a transaction or consumption at home, my mother would shout, "Book it," and everyone would record the transaction in their own books. This is the decentralized accounting model, where everyone is the center and everyone has a ledger.

The previous accounting model for dad was centralized accounting. If dad wanted to do something alone, it would be difficult for anyone to see it. The decentralized accounting model has solved the problem of centralization very well. The disadvantages of bookkeeping, if dad wants to tamper with the booksFor Ben, it’s very difficult.

For example, if my father wants to take some money from the ledger and secretly buy cigarettes, the amount of money is limited, and if he wants to take the money, he has to change the ledger, but he only tampered with his own ledger. No, he had to change the accounts of three people including himself. And this is undoubtedly more difficult than reaching the sky.

So, many times my father had the idea of ​​smoking, but he had no choice but to give up the idea due to the current situation.

Are blockchain and Bitcoin the same thing?

In fact, blockchain and Bitcoin are not the same thing. It is just the underlying technology of Bitcoin. Bitcoin is the first digital currency applied by blockchain.

In 2008, Satoshi Nakamoto first proposed the concept of blockchain. In the following years, it became a core component of the electronic currency Bitcoin, serving as a public account book for all transactions. Blockchain was first applied to Bitcoin.

The origin of blockchain is to solve the problem of trust, and one of the most successful applications of blockchain is digital currency. Bitcoin is arguably the most successful application of blockchain so far.

What are the applications of blockchain?

The application of blockchain is actually very wide. In addition to digital currency, the future applications of Bitcoin are still very extensive. Blockchain technology has been widely used in different industries. Such as product traceability, copyright protection and transactions, payment and settlement, Internet of Things, digital marketing, medical care, etc., promoting different industries to quickly enter the "blockchain+" era.

1. Payment and clearing: Blockchain can abandon the role of transit banks, realize point-to-point payment, reduce transit fees, and accelerate fund utilization.

2. Product traceability: For example, if we buy a piece of clothing on a certain store, we can see the past and present life of this piece of clothing.

3. Securities trading: Traditional securities trading requires the coordination of four major institutions, which is inefficient and costly. Blockchain technology can independently complete one-stop services.

4. Supply chain: Introducing blockchain technology into the supply chain system, synchronizing information within the system can control all links, better complete division of labor and collaboration, and facilitate subsequent accountability.

5. Intellectual property rights: With copyright on the chain, our photographic works, musical works, literary works, etc. will become our information, and the ownership of the information will be confirmed and become our property.

VI What is the concept of blockchain

Concept: Blockchain is a new application model of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm.

The essence of the blockchain is a distributed public ledger. Anyone can verify this ledger, but no single user can verify it.It controls. Participants in a blockchain system jointly maintain a ledger: it can only be modified according to strict rules and consensus.

The development of blockchain has gone through three stages:

1. Incubation period: 2009-2012, the economic form was dominated by Bitcoin and its industrial ecology.

2. Embryonic period: The period is from 2012 to 2015. Blockchain entered the public eye with Bitcoin, new wallet payment and remittance companies appeared, and the blockchain economy spread to the financial field. The underlying technology of blockchain continues to innovate. Blockchain technology is divorced from the Bitcoin system.

3. Development period: In 2016, industry applications began to be explored, and a large number of blockchain startups emerged. The popularity of ICO in 2017 brought unprecedented attention to blockchain.

(6) Is the blockchain point-to-point? Extended reading:

Three characteristics of the three blockchains:

1 , The core idea of ​​the blockchain is decentralization: in the blockchain system, the rights and obligations between any nodes are equal, and all nodes have the ability to vote with computing power, thus ensuring that the recognized The result is recognized by more than half of the nodes. Even if it suffers a severe hacker attack, as long as the number of nodes controlled by the hacker does not exceed half of the total number of global nodes, the system will still be able to operate normally and the data will not be tampered with.

2. The biggest disruption of blockchain lies in the establishment of credit: in theory, blockchain technology can make WeChat Pay and Alipay no longer valuable. The Economist made a vivid metaphor for blockchain: simply put, it is “a machine that creates trust.” Blockchain allows people to collaborate without trusting each other and without a neutral central authority. Combating counterfeit currency and financial fraud will no longer be needed in the future.

3. The collective maintenance of blockchain can reduce costs: In a centralized network system, the maintenance and operation of the system rely on the operation, maintenance and operation of platforms such as data centers, and costs cannot be omitted. Anyone can participate in the nodes of the blockchain. While participating in the recording, each node also verifies the correctness of the recording results of other nodes, which improves maintenance efficiency and reduces costs.

In one sentence, blockchain touches money, trust and power, which are the fundamental foundations on which human beings rely for survival.

Ⅶ What is blockchain

[Definition]

Blockchain refers to collective maintenance through decentralization and trustlessness. A technical solution for a reliable database. This technical solution allows any number of nodes participating in the system to calculate and record all information exchange data in the system over a period of time into a data block (block) through cryptographic algorithms, and generate the fingerprint of the data block for linking ( chain) and check the next data block, all participating nodes in the system jointly determine whether the record is true.

Blockchain is a general term for technical solutions similar to NoSQL (non-relational database). It is not a specific technology and can be implemented through many programming languages ​​and architectures. There are also many ways to implement blockchain. Common ones currently include POW (Proof of Work), POS (Proof of Stake), DPOS (Delegate Proof of Stake), etc.

The concept of blockchain was first proposed in the paper "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System" by the author who calls himself Satoshi Nakamoto (Satoshi Nakamoto) individual (or group). Therefore, Bitcoin can be regarded as the first application of blockchain in the field of financial payments.

[Popular explanation]

No matter how big the system or how small the website, there is usually a database behind it. So who will maintain this database? Under normal circumstances, whoever is responsible for operating the network or system will maintain it. If it is a WeChat database, it must be maintained by Tencent's team, and Taobao's database must be maintained by Alibaba's team. Everyone must think that this approach is natural, but this is not the case with blockchain technology.

If we imagine the database as a ledger: Alipay, for example, is a typical ledger, and any change in data is an accounting type. We can think of database maintenance as a very simple accounting method. The same is true in the world of blockchain. Everyone in the blockchain system has the opportunity to participate in accounting. The system will select within a period of time, maybe within ten seconds, or maybe ten minutes, to select the person with the fastest and best accounting during this period. This person will do the accounting, and he will combine the changes in the database during this period with Changes in the ledger are recorded in a block. We can imagine this block as a page of paper. After confirming that the record is correct, the system will link (chain) the data fingerprint of the past ledger to this paper, and then This piece of paper is sent to everyone else in the entire system. Then the cycle starts over and the system looks for the next person who can do the accounting quickly and well, and everyone else in the system gets a copy of the entire ledger. This means that everyone in this system has exactly the same ledger. This technology is called blockchain technology, also known as distributed ledger technology.

Since everyone (computer) has exactly the same ledger, and everyone (computer) has exactly the same rights, there will be no problem due to a single person (computer) losing contact or going down. The entire system collapses. now thatHaving the same ledger means that all data is open and transparent, and everyone can see the digital changes in each account. Its very interesting feature is that the data in it cannot be tampered with. Because the system will automatically compare, it will consider the account books with the largest number of the same number as the real account books, and the small number of account books with different numbers as others are false account books. In this case, it makes no sense for anyone to tamper with their own ledger, because unless you can tamper with most of the nodes in the entire system. If the entire system has only five or ten nodes, it may be easy to do, but if there are tens of thousands or even hundreds of thousands of nodes, and they are distributed in any corner of the Internet, unless someone can control most of the computers in the world , otherwise it would be unlikely to tamper with such a large blockchain.

[Elements]

Combined with the definition of blockchain, we believe that it must have the following four elements to be called a public blockchain technology. If it only has the first three points elements, which we will consider as private blockchain technology (private chain).

1. Point-to-point peer-to-peer network (peer-to-peer power, physical point-to-point connection)

2. Verifiable data structure (verifiable PKC system, non-tamperable database)

3. Distributed consensus mechanism (solve the Byzantine generals problem and double payment)

4. Nash equilibrium game design (cooperation is an evolutionarily stable strategy)
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[Characteristics]

Combined with the definition of blockchain, blockchain will realize four main characteristics: decentralized, trustless, Collectively maintained (Collectively maintained), reliable database (Reliable Database). And the four characteristics will lead to two other characteristics: open source (Open Source) and privacy protection (Anonymity). If a system does not possess these characteristics, it will not be considered an application based on blockchain technology.

Decentralized: The entire network has no centralized hardware or management organization. The rights and obligations between any nodes are equal, and the damage or loss of any node will not affect it. operation of the entire system. Therefore, the blockchain system can also be considered to have excellent robustness.

Trustless: Each node participating in the entire system does not need to trust each other for data exchange. The operating rules of the entire system are open and transparent, and all data contents are also public. , so specify in the systemWithin the rule range and time range, nodes cannot and cannot deceive other nodes.

Collectively maintain: The data blocks in the system are jointly maintained by all nodes with maintenance functions in the entire system, and these nodes with maintenance functions can be participated by anyone.

Reliable Database: The entire system will be divided into databases so that each participating node can obtain a copy of the complete database. Unless more than 51% of the nodes in the entire system can be controlled at the same time, modifications to the database on a single node are invalid and cannot affect the data content on other nodes. Therefore, the more nodes and stronger computing power participating in the system, the higher the data security in the system.

Open Source: Since the operating rules of the entire system must be open and transparent, for the program, the entire system must be open source.

Privacy protection (Anonymity): Since nodes do not need to trust each other, there is no need to disclose their identities between nodes. The privacy of each participating node in the system is protected. protected.