区块链离线交易什么意思,区块链离线交易平台

区块链离线交易是指在无需连接互联网的情况下，通过特定的离线交易平台实现区块链资产的交易。离线交易平台可以帮助用户安全、快捷、高效的完成数字资产的交易。

区块链离线交易平台的优势在于安全性。由于离线交易平台不需要连接互联网，因此可以有效地保护用户的账户安全，防止黑客入侵，保护用户的隐私和资产安全。

另外，区块链离线交易平台可以提供更快的交易速度。由于不需要连接互联网，可以大大提高交易效率，节省用户的时间。

此外，区块链离线交易平台可以提供更高的交易质量。离线交易平台可以提供更专业的咨询服务，以及更安全、可靠的交易环境，从而提高交易质量。

总之，区块链离线交易平台是一种安全、快捷、高效的数字资产交易方式，它可以有效地保护用户的账户安全，提高交易效率，提供更专业的咨询服务，以及更安全、可靠的交易环境，从而提高交易质量。因此，区块链离线交易平台是当今数字资产交易的一个重要选择。

❶ What is the current price of BTT coin today and what software can trade BTT coin

Where to trade BTT coin and where to check the price of BTT coin, as of now in 2022 At 3:45 pm on March 9, the price of BTT coin was 0.01026 yuan, the highest price in history was 0.01433 US dollars, and the lowest price was 0.00014 Miwa Takamoto. Many people want to know where this coin can be traded. Let’s take a look with the editor below. I hope this article can be helpful to you.
1.SLP Coin Wallet
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2.ALPHA Coin Wallet
ALPHA Coin Wallet app download, providing investors with professional digital currency asset management services, and has the world's top financial The risk control operation team brings you the ultimate safe trading environment. The mnemonics for the ALPHA coin wallet blockchain transaction software are all held by the user, so transactions can be conducted with confidence. If you are interested, download the ALPHA coin wallet!
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3.OP Coin Wallet
OP Coin Wallet app download, has the world's top financial asset management services, supports hundreds of mainstream digital currencies Safe access transactions, assets are stored in offline cold wallets, eliminating all network attacks. The OP coin wallet blockchain trading software also has exclusive mnemonic encryption technology, and the asset mask ensures safety. Come download the OP coin wallet and give it a try!
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4. OKT wallet
OKT wallet app download, with a professional and reliable risk control operation team, supports instant deposit of thousands of mainstream digital currencies Get transactions without any handling fees, extremely fast currency transactions. The OKT wallet blockchain trading software also has multiple encryption systems to fully protect users’ financial security. If you are interested, download the OKT wallet!
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5.ROSE Wallet
ROSE Wallet app download, OasisNetwork is a digital currency built on the Cosmos ecosystem, which is safe and reliable. ROSE wallet virtual asset trading platform allows you to easily check the prices of major currencies on your mobile phone at any time. Friends who are interested should come to ROSE wallet now to have a look!
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6.Btok Android version
Btokapp Android version download, providing the most comprehensive block for digital currency investors around the worldChain market information content, understand the real-time market rise and fall of various virtual currencies, and receive digital currency red envelopes for free. The Btok Android version of the virtual currency market software can also chat securely with other investors and has powerful blockchain encryption technology. Come download the Btok Android version and give it a try!
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7.AE coin wallet
AE coin wallet app download, has the world's leading digital asset management and control technology, supports hundreds of mainstream digital currencies Secure transaction deposits and withdrawals without any handling fees, making cross-chain exchanges more convenient. AE Coin Wallet's secure currency trading software also has a dedicated decentralized trading environment, and you can feel more confident by holding your own keys. If you are interested, download the AE coin wallet!
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8.MAN coin wallet
MAN coin wallet app download, creating a more secure digital currency storage and transaction environment for global currency investors, supporting Instant cross-chain exchange for a large number of mainstream digital tokens including BTC, ETH, and MAN. MAN coin wallet virtual asset management software has an exclusive asset cold wallet, and the assets do not touch the Internet. If you are interested, download the MAN coin wallet!
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9. Shiba Inu Coin Wallet
Shiba Inu Coin Wallet app download, providing the safest and most formal digital currency assets for investors in the global currency circle. Management service supports cross-chain exchange of hundreds of digital tokens, and there are no handling fees for currency-to-crypto transactions. The Shiba Inu Coin wallet provides real-time currency price inquiry and can store digital assets with confidence. The keys and mnemonic phrases are all held by the user. If you are interested, download the Shiba Inu coin wallet!
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10. Dogecoin Wallet
Dogecoin Wallet app download, with the world's top digital currency asset management services, professional risk control team 24 Hours provides multiple protections for each of your transactions, allowing you to safely deposit and withdraw digital tokens such as Dogecoin and Bitcoin. The digital asset management key of the Dogecoin wallet is held by the user and stored on the local device. If necessary, download the Dogecoin wallet!
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11.RUNE Wallet
RUNE Wallet app download, released in a flash, understand all the information about the currency circle, and meet the needs of users in one stop. RUNE Wallet virtual asset trading platform has rich experience in strategic planning and operational investment of blockchain enterprises. Interested friends should come to RUNE wallet now to have a look!
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❷ Patent Analysis: "Dual Offline" Payment Problem of Digital RMB

Mobile Payment Network Author She Yunfeng: July On the 16th, the People's Bank of China released the "White Paper on the Research and Development Progress of China's Digital RMB" (hereinafter referred to as the "White Paper") to clarify the People's Bank of China's basic position on the research and development of digital renminbi and comprehensively explain the development of digital renminbi.The R&D background, goals and vision, design framework and related policy considerations of the RMB system.

However, the white paper on "dual offline" payment, which is generally of concern in the industry, did not elaborate too much. It only stated that it is cooperating with mobile phone manufacturers to study and provide new mobile payment experiences including dual offline transactions and other functions. . Based on the smart video card, the hard wallet payment model separated from the mobile phone is tested, providing the possibility to bridge the "digital divide".

In this regard, Mobile Payment Network introduced in detail the possible manifestations and impacts of "dual offline" payment of digital renminbi (can digital renminbi dual offline discussion guarantee payment if the network and power are cut off?), this time We will take a closer look at some technical details of “dual offline” payment from a patent perspective.

Methods and systems for offline payment using digital currency chip cards

In 2016, the Institute of Printing Science and Technology of the People's Bank of China applied for a project called "Using Digital Currency Chip Cards" "Method and System for Offline Payment" patent, which is also one of the few patent layouts directly related to "dual offline" in the central bank system.

The Institute of Printing Science and Technology of the People's Bank of China, affiliated to the Head Office of the People's Bank of China, is a professional scientific research unit for banknote printing. It focuses on applied development research and also takes into account applied basic research. From the perspective of patent layout, it is also the only institution in the central bank department that provides patent layout related to digital currency chip cards.

The patent document states that when using a digital currency chip card for offline payment, the acceptance terminal device receives the transaction amount without establishing a network connection with the commercial bank’s digital currency system; the user terminal device receives the transaction amount through short-range wireless The connection method obtains the transaction amount from the acceptance terminal device and sends the transaction information to the acceptance terminal device; after the acceptance terminal device establishes a network connection with the commercial bank's digital currency system, the acceptance terminal device sends the transaction information to the commercial bank's digital currency system; the commercial bank After receiving the transaction information, the digital currency system sends a request to change the owner to the central bank digital currency system; after receiving the request to change the owner, the central bank digital currency system changes the owner of the digital currency to the one corresponding to the acceptance terminal device. merchant code.

The entire transaction logic is actually very clear, that is, when the user makes an offline digital currency payment at the acceptance terminal through the "card hardware wallet", the acceptance terminal confirms the transaction information (card information and transaction amount) by receiving the information. and whether the account is being used normally. After the acceptance terminal establishes a network connection with the digital currency system, the transaction information is sent to the commercial bank's digital currency system. After receiving the transaction information, the commercial bank's digital currency system sends a request to change the owner to the central bank's digital currency system.

During the offline payment process, the receiving user can verify the authenticity of the digital currency received at that time, but still needs to conduct background verification to determine whether the digital currency has been repeatedly paid. Its design idea is: it needsThe digital currency for repeated payment verification is marked as "pending repeated payment verification" in the client electronic wallet program (such as POS machine). Once the POS machine is connected to the network, it will automatically apply for repeated payment verification to the digital currency system. The system receives the verification application and performs corresponding operations, records the transaction flow in the registration center, and updates the owner of the digital currency. If the payee is not a registered user of the system, the system will also record the withdrawal password reserved by the payee.

Among them, the patent also introduces public and private key encryption and decryption, digital certificates, PKI and IBC security certification systems, etc. At that time, the patent also introduced in detail the currency value and change issues of digital currency. However, judging from subsequent development, the digital RMB system did not adopt this fixed denomination form.

In fact, judging from the patent document, a key problem with the patent at that time was that after the receiving end completed the offline payment transaction, it was unable to receive the money normally without being connected to the Internet. The patent did not discuss the details of this issue.

Offline payment methods, terminals and agent delivery equipment based on digital currency

Since then, the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "ICBC") also applied for a A patent titled "Offline Payment Method, Terminal and Agent Delivery Equipment Based on Digital Currency" introduces the payment method of digital currency in dual offline situations. This is also one of the few patent layouts for banks in digital currency “dual offline” payment.

The patent document describes that this method is applied to the payment terminal, including: verifying the digital certificate of the paying user. If the digital certificate of the paying user is within the validity period, obtaining the transaction signed by the paying user's private key from the payment terminal. Information; use the public key of the paying user to verify the legality of the transaction information, use the private key of the receiving user to decrypt the offline digital currency, and compare the amount of offline digital currency with the transaction amount; if the transaction information If it is legal and the amount of the offline digital currency is the same as the transaction amount, the payment terminal will be notified to deduct the money; upon receiving the successful deduction notification sent by the payment terminal, the offline transaction record will be registered and the offline digital currency count in the account will be increased. .

Among them, the digital currency investment management equipment 101 is deployed at the People's Bank of China to manage the digital currency investment quota of each agency investment agency. The digital currency investment quota is determined by the digital currency investment management equipment 101 according to the agency investment agency. Set the delivery requirements and freeze the corresponding amount of deposit reserves of the agency delivery agency. The digital currency investment management device 101 generates investment coins according to the digital currency investment quota, and sends the information about the investment coins in the form of messages to the agent investment equipment 102 deployed in each agent investment institution.

The agent placement device 102 receives the coin placement information sent by the digital currency placement management device 101, and produces money for the user according to the user's need to redeem the digital currency.The corresponding amount of digital currency is managed, and the account books of digital currency are managed, providing users with services such as related account balance inquiry, online transaction entry and offline amount transfer.

The collection terminal 103 and the payment terminal 104 can be network devices that support mobile payment, such as mobile phones, tablet computers, or smart wearable devices.

In an offline payment scenario, information exchange occurs between the collection terminal 103 and the payment terminal 104 in an offline manner; and the communication between the terminal and the agent delivery device 102 occurs through the network.

The patent document states that in the case of dual offline payment, because it is not connected to the Internet, although the count of offline digital currency in the terminal account of the receiving user increases, the payment is collected at the agency. The user account has not changed, that is, the amount of money stored by the receiving user in the agency has not increased at this time, so the offline digital currency currently received by the receiving terminal cannot be used for external payments. Therefore, offline digital currency can be frozen; when connected to the network, send offline transaction records to the agent delivery device, so that the agent delivery device can change the digital currency count in the account based on the offline transaction records; unfreeze the offline digital currency, and the offline numbers after unfreezing Currency can be used to pay other users.

The patent mentions that the amount of offline digital currency in this solution is generated through application based on the user's deposit amount at the agency's institution. Although during offline transactions, the paying user's public key verifies the legitimacy of the transaction information, uses the receiving user's private key to decrypt the offline digital currency, and compares the amount of offline digital currency with the transaction amount. However, it is worth noting that in addition to the validity period of the digital certificate, the offline digital currency issued by the agency to the user also has a certain validity period. Within this validity period, the user can use the offline digital currency; if the validity period is exceeded , the terminal needs to re-apply for offline digital currency from the agent delivery device. In the implementation case of this application, the payment terminal can also verify whether the offline digital currency used by the paying user for payment is within the validity period to determine whether the paying user can use offline digital currency for payment.

Based on the above description, in the view of Mobile Payment Network, the "dual offline" payment described in this patent may not be the "hardware wallet" solution currently used in digital renminbi, but more like a digital currency-based payment solution. For the "soft" solution of the RMB wallet account, the currency string is not actually stored locally in the hardware wallet. Therefore, the key problem of this solution is that the digital currency for offline payment can only be "frozen" and cannot be traded again until the next online synchronization.

Digital currency dual offline payment method and payment system

Tianyi E-commerce Co., Ltd. is a wholly-owned subsidiary of China Telecom. It is an important sector in Internet finance and financial technology, and is also the central bank. Approved third-party payment institution. In August 2020, it applied for a project called "DigitalCurrency Dual Offline Payment Method and Payment System" invention patent.

The patent provides a dual offline payment method and payment system for digital currency. The dual offline payment method includes: establishing an alliance blockchain between commercial banks and/or third-party payment institutions; digital currency offline transaction users Apply for digital currency transfer from the device side of the commercial bank through the device side; when a dual offline transaction occurs in which both parties to the transaction are offline, the security domain of the device side of both the payer and the payer conducts the offline transaction through the handshake protocol, and performs signature authentication on the transaction result; When one of the two parties to the transaction is connected to the Internet, online settlement is initiated to the device of the commercial bank/third-party payment institution.

From the perspective of implementation, dual offline payment is still a process in which the payer and payer complete transaction verification through digital certificates and public and private key encryption and decryption in the dual offline state, and after the network is connected, the payment device party and the business The bank's device-side system synchronizes transaction results and implements the clearing and settlement process.

The biggest difference between this patent and the previous one is that it establishes an alliance blockchain between commercial banks and third-party payment institutions, which is supervised by the central bank's equipment side, which serves as the alliance. The full blockchain node in the blockchain has the same functions as commercial bank nodes and third-party payment institution nodes, and holds the private key of private transactions on the alliance blockchain, and the private key is used to decrypt private transactions.

The advantage is that the digital certificate mechanism based on the blockchain and the security domain operation based on the trusted hardware execution environment TEE ensure that transactions are safe and reliable; at the same time, the use of the blockchain ensures that even if the bank account system is attacked , the transaction certificate service can still run trustworthy, which can ensure that malicious transactions are identified to the greatest extent, and the entire transaction process is safe and trustworthy.

However, judging from the patent description, this patent also uses the operation of freezing and transferring funds in the original account, that is, the device side transfers a certain amount of digital currency from its own capital account before making offline payments. And deposit it into the security domain of its own device, while at the same time, the commercial bank device freezes the digital currency in the user's capital account. When the offline payment is completed and one of the devices of both the payor and the payee is online, the transaction license certificate and the offline transaction result are sent to the commercial bank device. The commercial bank device will process the user's funds based on the transaction status data in the transaction result. The account is cleared and settled. After the clearing is completed, the funds frozen during the transfer of the user's capital account are unfrozen and settlement is completed.

Under this premise, we don’t know whether the digital currency in the offline payment state can be transferred twice before settlement.

Conclusion

Judging from the current major patents, the basic realization of digital RMB dual offline payment is already in front of us, but many technical details are still not clear enough, especially the "offline state" "The issue of secondary circulation of digital currency."

A long time ago, we discussedWhat are the possible forms of central bank digital currency? Is it based on accounts or tokens? Is it UTXO or balance model? (Link: Account or Token? UTXO or Balance Model? Thinking about DCEP Form under Dual Offline) Now, the answer to this question is relatively clear. From the general direction of digital renminbi, it must be based on the account system, but dual offline How to solve the problems existing in the payment account system still needs to be observed.

❸ ABB Blockchain Exchange, do you know about it

I have never heard of this exchange. Binance, Huobi, OK, etc. are well-known exchanges in the currency circle. As shown in the figure below:

Blockchain is the core supporting technology of the digital cryptocurrency system represented by Bitcoin. The core advantage of blockchain technology is decentralization. It can realize point-to-point transactions based on decentralized credit in a distributed system where nodes do not need to trust each other by using data encryption, timestamps, distributed consensus and economic incentives. Coordination and collaboration thus provide solutions to the common problems of high cost, low efficiency and insecure data storage in centralized institutions.

The application fields of blockchain include digital currency, certificates, finance, anti-counterfeiting and traceability, privacy protection, supply chain, entertainment, etc. The popularity of blockchain and Bitcoin has led to many related top domain names. have been registered, which has had a relatively large impact on the domain name industry.

❹ The digital RMB app has been piloted. What are the advantages of comparing Alipay?

At present, the digital RMB app has not yet been fully popularized. There is no need to compare the advantages and disadvantages with Alipay. After all, the vast majority of people have not used any digital APP, let alone what its advantages are.
Only when you wear shoes under your own feet can you know whether they are comfortable or not. The same goes for using the digital RMB APP. Only when you experience it personally will you know what its advantages are over Alipay.
The digital RMB APP seems to have been put on Apple Story, but there are very few users who have experienced it, and it has not been fully applied in the market. It is only a pilot and is still being improved. But I believe there are definitely many advantages over Alipay.
Personally, I feel that it is too early to compare the Digital Renminbi APP with Alipay. As the old saying goes, don’t make hasty conclusions about things that have not yet been written. I hope it is good, as long as It needs to be tested in practice, and everyone agrees that it is good.

❺ Technical principles of digital renminbi

Digital renminbi (DCEP, Digital Currency Electric Payment electronic payment)

Digital renminbi uses blockchain The technology is traceable and non-tamperable, but the digital renminbi is not as decentralized and constant as Bitcoin.
Digital RMB is bound to national credit.
The smallest unit of digital RMB is cents, 10The 0-yuan digital RMB consists of 10,000 minimum units.

The digital renminbi does not draw on Bitcoin’s multi-node confirmed blockchain technology, but uses a layered hybrid technology route.

The top-level central bank has the highest authority over digital renminbi and conducts centralized control over digital renminbi.
The banks and other institutions in the middle layer are the secondary actual institutions for issuing digital renminbi. At the same time, they also confirm the transactions of digital renminbi. This layer may use the semi-public chain in the blockchain-the alliance. chain.
The application layer is the user, and users can conduct dual offline transactions using mobile phones. In dual offline transactions, the mobile phones of both payers and payers are offline, and the other party completes the transaction through the NFC function (bus card swiping technology). After the mobile phones of both payers and payers are connected to the Internet, the middle layer confirms the transaction. When offline, double spending may occur (after the same dollar is transferred to A, it is transferred to B twice).

There are many types of digital RMB wallets, including IC cards, functional phones, smart phones, and other hardware. Among them, IC does not have networking capabilities. The mobile phone can be artificially disconnected from the Internet. If it has not been connected to the Internet, can it be used? Your wallet is free from supervision and you have unlimited money to use?
No.
First of all, it is not that the recipient will never be connected to the Internet. As long as the recipient is connected to the Internet, the digital RMB settlement unit will settle the transaction and change the amount of funds in the payer's account accordingly;
Secondly, Even if the payer has made many transactions in a short period of time, and the recipients they happen to meet are not connected to the Internet, the central bank has also limited the number of offline transactions for the payer. After the specified number of transactions is used up, the wallet can no longer be used, and the wallet needs to be synchronized online. information. In addition to IC cards, all digital RMB wallets have networking functions. The IC card has the function of limiting the number of offline payments, and can also synchronize information through mobile phones and other terminals through Bluetooth, NFC, etc.

Thirdly, even if the payer plans to use offline transaction fraud within a limited number of times, the central bank also limits the amount of funds for offline transactions, and offline transactions can only be used for small transactions. However, this still does not solve this possible "double spending" behavior. In the early days of widespread use of digital currencies, it is very likely that similar scams will occur.