区块链的可溯源性,区块链可追溯性是什么意思

区块链可追溯性是一个术语，它指的是区块链技术具有追溯性，可以追溯到某个资产的历史记录和来源。区块链可追溯性的核心是分布式账本技术，它可以记录和存储每一笔交易的完整历史记录，以及它们之间的关系。

区块链可追溯性的主要优势是提供了一种可靠的、可信赖的记录系统，可以有效地保护用户的资产和数据。它可以帮助企业更好地管理资产，提高企业的运营效率，并有效地防止假冒和欺诈行为。

区块链可追溯性的另一个优势是可以提供一个安全、可靠的环境，可以有效地防止数据被篡改或窃取。它可以提供一个安全的交易环境，并且可以保证参与者的身份和交易的完整性。

区块链可追溯性还可以改善企业的内部控制。它可以提供一个安全的环境，可以有效地防止违规行为，并且可以更好地控制企业的财务活动。

此外，区块链可追溯性还可以帮助企业更好地管理和分析数据，更好地控制供应链，更好地实现跨境交易等。

总之，区块链可追溯性是一项重要的技术，它可以改善企业的内部控制环境，提高企业的运营效率，提供安全的交易环境，保护用户的资产和数据，并有效地防止假冒和欺诈行为。因此，区块链可追溯性是一项重要的技术，可以为企业带来诸多优势。

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㈠ What are the advantages of using blockchain technology in anti-counterfeiting traceability of goods

In the early days of the "blockchain era", people's understanding of blockchain was limited to Digital currency and currency speculation operations. With the development of technology, people realize that applying blockchain technology to industries and promoting the economic development of the industry is its true value. Blockchain traceability and anti-counterfeiting is considered to be one of the most promising areas for blockchain implementation, and it is also one of the first areas where giants compete for the implementation of blockchain application technology. It can be said that whoever can launch the first implementation project will be one step ahead in the industry.
With the help of blockchain technology, information on the circulation process of commodity raw materials, production process, commodity circulation process, and marketing process will be integrated and written into the blockchain to achieve one-item, one-code, full-process authenticity traceability. Blockchain technology is used to digitize the information of participants in different commodity circulation and store it in the blockchain. These include origins, manufacturers, distributors, retailers, brands and consumers. Make each participant's information viewable in the blockchain.
With the help of blockchain technology, the information of all aspects of the goods from production to warehousing is integrated and written into the blockchain. Each piece of information has an independent and special blockchain ID, accompanied by the digital signature and digital signature of the goods. Timestamps provide users with good underlying data support and product quality control.
At the consumer level, through terminal traceability QR codes and open and transparent blockchain technology support, users can easily check the authenticity of products, cultivate users' awareness of authenticity, and enhance brand value.
Due to the complex and difficult-to-verify transaction content and the temptation of high profits, counterfeiting and selling of counterfeit products are frequently prohibited in the market. This not only affects the shopping experience of consumers, but also damages the brand image of merchants. For merchants and consumers, it is urgent to establish a credible anti-counterfeiting traceability system.
All commodity transactions in the entire market must be supported by a trustworthy anti-counterfeiting traceability mechanism. In this way, we can better ensure the quality of the company's own products and improve consumers' shopping experience.

㈡ What is the development history of blockchain applications?

The development history of blockchain can be divided into three stages. Melanie Swann, founder of the Blockchain Science Institute, in her book "Blockchain: A New Economic Blueprint and Introduction", divides the application development of blockchain into three stages: Blockchain Chains 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0.

1. Blockchain 1.0 Cryptocurrency Era (2008-2013)

In 2008, Satoshi Nakamoto first proposed the concepts of Bitcoin and blockchain. In January 2009, the first blockchain was launched. At this stage, people are paying more attention to cryptocurrency transactions, and blockchain is only the underlying technology, acting as a "public ledger".

2. Blockchain 2.0 Smart Contract Era (2014-2017)

In 2014, "Blockchain 2.0" became synonymous with decentralized blockchain databases. At this stage, people mainly focus on the application of the platform. Anyone can upload and execute smart contracts on the blockchain, and will automatically receive rewards after execution. Since this transaction process does not require any intermediary, people's privacy is greatly protected.

3. Blockchain 3.0 Large-Scale Application Era (2018-)

At this stage, people began to build a completely decentralized data network. Blockchain technology Applications are no longer limited to the economic field, but have expanded to art, law, real estate, hospitals, human resources and other fields.

㈢What is blockchain traceability technology

From farm to table, blockchain traceability technology is equivalent to purchasing a liability insurance for the product

Bathing crabs, clenbuterol, In recent years, there have been reports on the market of food added with white lumps (sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate), poultry feeding hormones, whitening agents added to flour, seafood soaked in formaldehyde, etc. In addition, fruits are sprayed with ripening agents and enlarging agents. Spraying highly toxic pesticides on green vegetables has made people change their color after hearing it. Food safety and health are becoming more and more important to us, so this is when blockchain traceability technology emerged - a technology that allows agricultural products to be traced from planting to Fully traceable technology for sale.

Before figuring out the blockchain traceability technology, we must first understand the difference between "traceability" and "traceability".

"Traceability" includes two meanings: logistics tracking and traceability. People often think of traceability and traceability as the same thing. In fact, what companies care about is tracking (don’t lose the goods), while consumers care about traceability (whether what I bought is safe).
The biggest feature of Sanqing Fertile Farm is its traceability, which is a powerful means to ensure food safety. It starts from the source of planting and controls the source, production and processing, cleaning and disinfection, sub-packaging, packaging, storage, transportation, sales and other links.

In short, to be precise, food traceability is a cost and an essential early investment, which is equivalent to purchasing a "liability insurance" for your product. Maybe you won't see the effect for a year or two, but when you really use it, it may be a life-saving straw.

㈣ Characteristics of blockchain technology

The five basic characteristics of blockchain technology are as follows:
1. Characteristics of blockchain technology 1: distributed database
Every party on the blockchain has access to the entire database and its complete history. No single party controls the data or information. Each party can directly verify the records of its trading partners without the need for a middleman.
2. Blockchain technology feature 2: Peer-to-peer transmission
Communication occurs directly between peers, rather than through a central node. Each node stores and forwards information to all other nodes.
3. Characteristics of blockchain technology three: Transparent anonymitySex
Any user with access to the system can see each transaction and its associated values. Each node or user on the blockchain has a unique address consisting of more than 30 letters and numbers, which is used to identify itself. Users can choose to remain anonymous or provide proof of their identity to others. The addition of the blockchain occurs at one of these addresses.
4. Blockchain technology feature four: Irreversibility of records
Once a transaction is entered in the database and an account is updated, the records cannot be changed because they are linked to every transaction record before them (hence the name "chain"). Various algorithms are employed to ensure that records in the database are permanent, chronologically ordered, and accessible to all other nodes on the network.
5. Features of Blockchain Technology Five: Computational Logic
The digital nature of the ledger means that blockchain transactions can be associated with computational logic and are essentially programmable. Therefore, users can set algorithms and rules that automatically trigger transactions between nodes.
Extended information:
Blockchain is a chain composed of blocks one after another. Each block stores a certain amount of information, and they are connected into a chain in the order in which they were generated. This chain is saved in all servers. As long as one server in the entire system can work, the entire blockchain is safe. These servers are called nodes in the blockchain system, and they provide storage space and computing power support for the entire blockchain system. If you want to modify the information in the blockchain, you must obtain the consent of more than half of the nodes and modify the information in all nodes. These nodes are usually in the hands of different subjects, so it is extremely difficult to tamper with the information in the blockchain. thing. Compared with traditional networks, blockchain has two core characteristics: data is difficult to tamper with and decentralized. Based on these two characteristics, the information recorded in the blockchain is more authentic and reliable, and can help solve the problem of people's mutual distrust.

㈤ What are the characteristics of the blockchain?

The characteristics of the blockchain are:

1. It cannot be tampered

The most easily understood feature of blockchain is that it cannot be tampered with. Immutability is based on the unique ledger of "block + chain": blocks containing transactions are continuously added to the end of the chain in chronological order. To modify the data in a block, all blocks after it need to be regenerated.

2. Uniqueness required to express value

Whether it is an interchangeable token (ERC20), a non-interchangeable token (ERC721), or other proposals The token standards and Ethereum tokens all demonstrate an important feature of the blockchain: the uniqueness required to represent value. In the digital world, the most basic unit is a bit, and the fundamental characteristic of a bit is that it can be copied. But the value cannot be copied, the value must be unique.

3. Smart contracts

From Bitcoin to Ethereum, the biggest change in the blockchainIt is a "smart contract". The Bitcoin system is designed for a digital currency, and its UTXOs and scripts can also handle some complex transactions, but they have significant limitations. When Vitalik created the Ethereum blockchain, his core goals revolved around smart contracts: a Turing-complete scripting language, a virtual machine (EVM) to run smart contracts, and a series of subsequent developments. Standardized smart contracts for different types of tokens, etc.

4. Decentralized self-organization

The fourth major feature of the blockchain is decentralized self-organization. So far, the organization and operations of major blockchain projects have been closely tied to this characteristic. Many people’s ideal expectation for blockchain projects is that they become a community or ecosystem that operates autonomously.

5. Openness.

The foundation of blockchain technology is open source. In addition to the private information of the parties to the transaction being encrypted, the blockchain data is open to everyone. Anyone can query the blockchain data through the public interface. and develop related applications, so the entire system information is highly transparent.

㈥ The technical characteristics of blockchain include: ( ). a Decentralization b Traceability c Openness and transparency d Non-tampering

The technical characteristics of blockchain include decentralization, non-tampering, consensus trust mechanism, openness, anonymity, cross-platform, etc.

6. Cross-platform

Similar to the TCP/IP protocol of the Internet, blockchain can also be regarded as a basic communication protocol. The cooperation of other mechanisms together constitutes the value Internet based on blockchain. Nodes on the blockchain network operate independently based on common algorithms and data structures. They mainly consume computing resources and have nothing to do with the platform. Computing nodes can be deployed on any platform.

It can be said that the characteristics and development of blockchain come from the soil where it was born - the development of Internet technology and the rise of cloud computing and big data.

㈦ Functional characteristics of blockchain technology

Blockchain is essentially a distributed storage The system, because it adopts a transaction accounting storage model, can also be called a distributed accounting system. Beijing Muqi Mobile Technology Co., Ltd., a professional blockchain development company, welcomes exchanges and cooperation. Let’s talk about the functional characteristics of blockchain technology.

In traditional platform technology, central decision-making is a very common data processing method. For example, in the traditional bank transfer method, transaction information must be processed by the bank's central server cluster, and the transaction information is processed through the layers of the bank's central server cluster. The data upload and instruction distribution complete the transaction between the two accounts. Every transaction in the blockchain is directly communicated and transacted by both parties. From the initiation of the transaction to the confirmation of transaction completion, all nodes are equal and have exactly the same permissions without going through any intermediaries. This kind of The peer-to-peer transaction model in the network makes blockchain applications free from the risks of intermediary transactions.

It should be noted that although blockchain is often called a distributed ledger, and is even essentially a distributed storage system, blockchain is different from conventional distributed systems. The distributed structure is even more special. Distribution is a concept corresponding to centralization. All sub-nodes in the centralized structure only interact with the central node and have no connection with each other. Therefore, the central node needs to bear all the load. A centralized system Efficiency is basically only related to the processing speed of the central node. At the same time, once the central node encounters problems such as blocking, deadlock, and downtime, the entire centralized system will stagnate or even collapse directly. The characteristic of the distributed structure is that there are multiple nodes that can interact with other nodes for data. Distributed network storage technology stores data dispersedly on multiple independent machines and devices. This sounds a bit confusing, but it is easy to understand if it is classified and described based on the characteristics of centralization. The distributed structure includes multi-centralized structure and decentralized structure.

A polycentralized system refers to a system composed of multiple centralized systems, each of which includes a master node and several slave nodes. When performing task processing, the master node decomposes the task into multiple sub-tasks and sends them to multiple subordinate slave nodes for simultaneous processing. After the slave node transmits the processing results back to the master node, the master node will integrate the processing results of each sub-task and finally complete the task. Of course, this is just a simplified description of task processing. A multi-centralized system may have a multi-layer master-slave structure, forming a tree-like task allocation structure. At the same time, slave nodes may also take orders from multiple master nodes to maximize efficiency based on complex task management mechanisms. But the fundamental difference between multi-centralization and decentralization is whether there is a central node that controls the operation of each master node. If the top-most node is multiple nodes, then it is decentralized. On the contrary, if there is only one node at the top, it is decentralized. It's multi-centered.

In decentralization, there is a more special structure that does not have any center, which can be called a completely decentralized structure. This is also a point-to-point network structure. This structure is This is reflected in the Bitcoin network. The relative advantages of point-to-point network structure are high fault tolerance, strong node scalability, strong privacy and data consistency, etc. However, there are also problems such as redundant communication and message delay.

Figure 5 Schematic diagram of network structure division

The "decentralization" emphasized in the general blockchain field mostly refers to the ownership level of the system. The system is decentralized if it belongs to the community and all accounts, and the system is centralized if it belongs to an institution or even an individual. Decentralization is a common feature of blockchain, but the completely decentralized structure of peer-to-peer networks has few current applications. Only public chains such as Bitcoin and Ethereum belong to this structure, because anyone in the world can Access the system at any time to read data,Sending can confirm transactions and compete for accounting activities, which leads to the inability to guarantee its security and system efficiency. Private chains often have one or more centers that control the nodes, and all operations require permission from the center and are subject to its constraints and restrictions. Although it uses a decentralized mechanism for routine data processing, it is strictly A distributed blockchain deployment model. The alliance chain can be regarded as a collection of private chains, which is a compromise between the security and efficiency of the public chain. It adopts a multi-center technical architecture.

Due to the natural characteristics of the blockchain that cannot be tampered with, it is based on the consensus algorithm to ensure data consistency. No node in the system can tamper with or forge transactions. All transaction contents are certain and undisputed. There will be no credit risk in transactions, and the blockchain system will also have trustless characteristics.

Based on the changes in the content carried in the block from transactions to smart contracts, the trustlessness of the blockchain has two stages. The first stage is to verify the authenticity of historical transaction behaviors in the blockchain network. Trust, the second stage is trust in future transaction behavior based on smart contract rules.

The first stage of trust in the authenticity of historical behaviors can be simply understood as the blockchain system eliminates the process of proving historical transactions. When we tell others that something has happened, we need evidence to make others believe it, and this evidence often needs to be proved by a credible third party and provided with a credit guarantee through verification. For example, the electronic transaction slip provided by the shopping platform is evidence when shopping online, the tax bureau invoice provided by the restaurant when dining out is evidence, or the marriage certificate provided by the institution when purchasing a house using the identity of a couple is evidence. The person who accepts this information also needs to verify the evidence to be sure that these things have indeed happened. Corresponding to the previous article, when an online shopping dispute occurs, it is necessary to check whether the electronic transaction slip of the shopping platform actually exists; When reimbursing expenses, the signature of the invoice needs to be verified; when confirming the identity of two people as a couple, the anti-counterfeiting mark of the marriage certificate needs to be verified. However, the data in the blockchain system is considered to be non-tamperable and non-forgery. Therefore, as long as you explain a historical event to other nodes on the chain, you do not need any third-party certification, because the information on the data block can be obtained at any time. Come out and verify it directly, which results in the distrust of historical transactions in the blockchain.

The second stage is trust in future transaction behavior, because in an ideal state, the smart contract of the blockchain is bound to the business, that is, the smart contract has mandatory execution in the blockchain system. force. Because the smart code is completely public and is recorded in the main chain and stored by all accounts. After the smart contract is called or triggered by a certain mechanism, the transaction will be enforced and there is no possibility of denial. Therefore, users in the blockchain system do not have to worry about the other party's credit risk in the future, and there is a lack of trust in future transactions.

In the public chain, the ledger of each node completely records all transactions. The blockchain does not directly record real-time account information, but obtains real-time account information through transaction traceability. At the same time, because anyone Everyone can create a blockchain account to form a blockchain node, then the information in the public chain can be considered open to everyone, which forms the open and traceable features of the blockchain. And because the code of the public chain is often open source, what is open and traceable is not only the transaction data in the system, but also the transaction rules of the entire system. The high degree of openness and transparency enables the blockchain to meet many application scenarios that require open data. .

However, the blockchain has developed many variants based on the Bitcoin network, such as light nodes, private chains and consortium chains. These variants cannot meet the strict requirements of openness. Traceable. Light nodes can only execute and verify transactions, and do not have all transaction data for traceability, so light nodes do not have traceability. However, this problem only lies in the user's choice. If there is a good enough hardware environment, the user can choose to become a full node instead of a light node in order to master all data. In addition, access permission or verification is required to join a private chain or alliance chain, and read permissions are selectively open to the outside world and are not open to the entire network, which does not meet the strict sense of openness.

㈧ The significance of blockchain technology in anti-counterfeiting and traceability

——Yinlian’s answer:

Blockchain can realize data traceability and non-tampering , because it is based on a distributed database established by cryptographic links, thus forming a data source that cannot be tampered with. Therefore, complete information records can be achieved in the entire process of products from production to circulation, providing comprehensive product data information to regulatory authorities, allowing them to complete product quality inspection and data interconnection and mutual sharing more efficiently. In this process, blockchain can solve Four issues:

First, information cannot be tampered with, consensus is reached and trust is established. In the network nodes composed of various participants, the business process forms data records. In the product logistics, warehousing, and production links, including raw material sources, processing, assembly and other information are stored in the blockchain network, providing regulatory authorities and cooperative enterprises with Or organizations provide data information for each link.

Second, the process is open and transparent. To achieve product anti-counterfeiting and circulation in the business process, identification chips can be implanted into the product and registered on the blockchain so that it has a digital identity, and then all the information of this digital identity can be recorded through a jointly maintained ledger. Such as source, circulation, etc., to achieve verification effect.

Third, save costs and improve efficiency. The data recorded on the blockchain are kept confidential, and the regulatory authorities store, transmit, verify, and analyze product information, and transfer it between different departments to achieve unified vouchers, full-process records, and corporate credit reporting, which can effectively solve the problem. Issues such as multi-party participation, information fragmentation, and repeated review of circulation links.

Fourth, information sharing. enterpriseIndustrial product certification and circulation rely on the interconnection of public data resources among departments and institutions such as commerce, customs, quality inspection, industry and commerce, and banks. Under the review environment established by the blockchain, all departments obtain information simultaneously and establish a supply chain-based The credit evaluation mechanism is organically connected with various supply chain platforms to disclose and share information such as credit ratings, credit records, risk warnings, illegal and dishonest behaviors, etc.

The disadvantages of traditional anti-counterfeiting traceability have become very obvious. Anti-counterfeiting traceability has always been an important scenario in blockchain applications. Typical Ruyin Chain also starts from the anti-counterfeiting traceability scenario, hoping to create a blockchain suitable for commercial use. .

Compared with the traditional centralized anti-counterfeiting traceability technology, Yinlian uses the underlying technology of the blockchain, and the merchants produce the anti-counterfeiting codes themselves, eliminating the trust problem of cheating by the middle anti-counterfeiting dealers. The main process is as follows: