区块链技术被认为是继蒸汽机,电力,数学题,区块链技术被认为是继蒸汽机,电力,的数学试卷
请查看相关英文文档
『一』What kind of technology is "blockchain"?
What kind of technology is "blockchain" Blockchain is a version of Bitcoin Important concept: The "2014-2016 Global Bitcoin Development Research Report" released by Huobi, Tsinghua University PBC School of Finance's Internet Finance Laboratory and Sina Technology mentioned that blockchain is the underlying technology and infrastructure of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database and serves as the underlying technology of Bitcoin. Blockchain is a series of data blocks generated using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains information about a Bitcoin network transaction and is used to verify the validity of the information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block. .
In a narrow sense, blockchain is a chain data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is cryptographically guaranteed to be non-tamperable and non-forgeable. Account book. Broadly speaking, blockchain technology uses block chain data structures to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithms to generate and update data, uses cryptography to ensure the security of data transmission and access, and utilizes automated Smart contracts are composed of scripts that program and compute data in a new decentralized infrastructure and normalize computing.
Domestic blockchain application platforms include an asset custody system based on blockchain technology jointly developed by the digital currency crowdfunding platform Biying China, China Post and IBM.
Blockchain is a decentralized, distributed ledger system participated by nodes. The data stored on it cannot be forged or tampered with, and is open to the public. Transparent, the information and value recorded by each account at any point in history can be found on the blockchain. The characteristics of the blockchain protocol provide the necessary foundation for the execution of smart contracts. The contract can be automatically executed and trusted according to established conditions without the need for auditing by any centralized organization.
Blockchain technology is the underlying core of the Bitcoin system. Its essence is a decentralized ledger. When people conduct transactions through the Internet, a new transaction will be recorded on the ledger, and this ledger is A decentralized ledger is jointly maintained by everyone on the network. People can see ongoing transactions at the same time, and control is not in the hands of institutions or individuals. Transactions cannot be tampered with or forged, and they will be permanently stored in the ledger.
For example, the Tongxin Huzhu blockchain mutual aid platform has four major characteristics in applying blockchain technology:
Openness and transparency
Openness and transparency, once all information recorded on the blockchain is recorded, it will be very It is difficult to tamper with and cannot be hidden, and users can check it at any time.
Democratic decision-making
Bottom-up decision-making, the blockchain proposes a variety of different consensus mechanisms to help users effectively form bottom-up decisions and participate togetherBig decisions.
Accurate execution of rules
Accurate execution of rules. The smart contract technology defined on the blockchain converts all rules into public and clear codes, which can be executed accurately and accurately. Once anyone is identified Cannot intervene.
Never downtime
Never downtime, the blockchain based on the public chain is not affected by any organization or individual. As long as the incentive mechanism is effective and the Internet exists, the blockchain will exist.
What is blockchain? Blockchain is a decentralized shared accounting technology that allows all parties involved to establish a trusting relationship at the technical level. Blockchain can be roughly divided into two levels: one is the underlying technology of the blockchain; the other is the upper-layer application of the blockchain, that is, the transformation, optimization or innovative application based on the blockchain. Blockchain is still in its infancy. Many people have discussed with me how we can ensure both rights and privacy at the same time. Of course, we are just exploring now. We need fair content across the entire network and clear protection. This is what I can only say. So far, this is my arrangement for the future.
Blockchain concept? The idea of blockchain is to be completely decentralized and rely on decentralized justice. In that case, theoretically the cost will drop a lot, proving that real assets and property rights can directly correspond to each other on the Internet. It has solved the problems of decentralization and asset ownership that were not solved by the first generation of Internet information. How big a role does big data play in financial innovation now? Only by registering big data can we know who it belongs to. In fact, this has always been a problem that we cannot solve now. This is not a small problem. If there is a technology in the capital market that makes the property rights of things that were originally unclear clear, that will be a big problem for us. The entire market is undergoing a huge transformation.
What is blockchain? Blockchain technology itself can solve data ownership, pricing and sharing mechanisms. This still cannot completely solve certain problems. To give a simple example when it comes to user privacy, I have a piece of data placed on the machine. The partner comes over and makes an insurance analysis to analyze the cooperation. There is a risk here. Or not, can we deal with it or clarify the property rights of the laboratory, and then clarify the processing rights and data rights. The common products produced by everyone are common to everyone. If we need to divide different things, how to price them and how to divide them? In addition to the technology of blockchain and a decentralized database, when it comes to the above mentioned tasks, it is another issue, and then there is the issue of pricing and the market mechanism. All fields have proven to recognize this rule, so this I think blockchain is a very good core technology, but it cannot cover all problems.
Introduction to Bubi Blockchain
Bubi Blockchain is mainly positioned to provide commercial-grade blockchain infrastructure services, which mainly includes building a blockchain system and building on top of the blockchain system. A support system with high expandability. On top of this support system are various industriesindustry applications. Bubi focuses more on the underlying technology of the blockchain. In the past three years or so, a team of more than a dozen people has devoted almost all their energy to the research and development of the underlying technology. The reason why Bubi Blockchain chooses points has something to do with the market's promotion method. As we all know, blockchain is a technology that is very suitable for the issuance and trading of digital assets. Points are a digital asset that is naturally legal and compliant, and has a small impact because of its small amount. Therefore, it is a very suitable choice to use points as your first attempt at digital asset issuance. Issuing points based on the blockchain can indeed bring great help to the circulation and mutual exchange of points.
What is blockchain? The application of blockchain technology in the field of property transfer is only one aspect. In addition to reducing property transfer costs, blockchain technology can also be applied to various fields involving company stocks, financial derivatives, and points programs of commercial institutions. The blockchain community is currently focusing on promoting the wider application of this technology in the field of financial assets. Relatedly, various platforms that are still under development have also received very considerable investment.
Blockchain concept? Structurally or by definition, these things are very different. The U.S. dollar, or any currency, from a typical definition, is primarily used as a medium of exchange or store of value for economic activities. Within the geographical scope where a certain currency circulates, people in the region reach a consensus on the use of this currency, making it convenient for everyone to use the same currency to purchase goods or services (the function of currency as a medium of exchange). There is a responsibility to manage the currency through monetary policy in order to ensure the preservation of the value of the currency and avoid the occurrence of inflation (the store of value function of currency). In today's world, almost everyone uses some form of currency in their daily lives.
What is blockchain? Even developers within the blockchain community often easily overlook the big picture mentioned above. There are many competitive projects in the blockchain community, and they are also full of various disputes about the evolution direction of blockchain technology. Over time, some projects in the community will be successful, and others will not be so lucky. Things will not always develop in the direction we expect, but no matter how these projects in the early blockchain community develop, one thing is very clear, that is, blockchain technology has brought us at least A revolutionary function: Blockchain technology will greatly reduce the cost of financial property transfer, and blockchain will be used to control, manage and transmit financial property.
What is blockchain? Blockchain concept? After a certain application analysis, we return to the starting point. The definition of this blockchain technology will surely become more and more abundant with the expansion of applications, and people will discover more mysteries of blockchain technology.
Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database and serves as the basis for Bitcoin. underlying technology. Blockchain is a sequence of data blocks that are associated using cryptographic methods., each data block contains information about a Bitcoin network transaction, which is used to verify the validity of its information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block.
The blockchain is public on the Internet and can be queried in every offline Bitcoin wallet information. The functionality of a Bitcoin wallet relies on confirmation with the blockchain, and a valid check is called a confirmation. Usually a transaction requires several confirmations before it can proceed. The lightweight Bitcoin wallet uses online confirmation, which means it does not download the blockchain data to the device storage.
Many of Bitcoin’s altcoins also use the same design, but are slightly different in proof of work and algorithm. For example, using proof of stake and SCrypt, etc.
Blockchain timestamp service and proof of existence
This concept was proposed in Satoshi Nakamoto’s white paper [1], who created the first block, the “genesis block”.
On January 3, 2009, Satoshi Nakamoto, the founder of Bitcoin, left an unchangeable sentence in the genesis block:
“The Times 03/Jan/2009 Chancellor on brink of second lout for banks (on January 3, 2009, the chancellor was on the verge of implementing a second round of bank bailout)."
It was then that the British chancellor Darling was forced to consider a second bailout of the banks. In a time of crisis, this sentence was the headline of a front-page article in The Times that day.
With the blockchain’s timestamp service and proof of existence, the time when the first blockchain was created and the events that were happening at that time are permanently retained.
The Bitcoin company BTCC launched a service "Millennium Chain" in 2015, which is a blockchain engraving service, which uses the above principles. Users can engrave text on the blockchain through this service and store it permanently.
Bitcoin, Litecoin, Ruitai Coin, and Qianjin Card are all digital currencies based on blockchain technology.
Chongqing Jinwowo analyzed: Blockchain is actually a decentralized distributed ledger database.
How popular is blockchain technology?
Blockchain technology makes DAC possible. DAC is something that can fundamentally subvert the organizational model of human society. I believe that its impact on society will surpass the Industrial Revolution and become the most profound change that the Internet has brought to the world.
The essence of blockchain technology is a method of data storage, transmission and certification that is decentralized and contained in a distributed structure. It replaces the current Internet with data blocks (Block). The road's reliance on the central server enables all data changes or transaction projects to be recorded on a cloud system, theoretically achieving self-certification of data during data transmission.
Blockchain technology can be applied to many industries:
Art industry
Ascribe allows artists to use blockchain technology to declare ownership, issue numberable, and 100% edition works, and Digital form for any type of artwork. It even includes a marketplace where artists can buy and sell through their website without the need for any intermediary services.
Legal Industry
BitProof is the most advanced of the many document timestamp applications that have emerged in recent years, and will make traditional notarization methods a thing of the past. Compared with free versions including Blocksgin and OriginStaemp, BitProof provides more services, including one for intellectual property rights. Interestingly, BitProof recently collaborated with a San Francisco IT school to put all their students’ academic certificates on the blockchain, completely redefining how diplomas and student certificates are processed and used.
Development Industry
Colu is the first company to allow other companies to issue digital assets. They can "tokenize" various assets and have a profound impact on many people. Although the free Bitcoin wallet Counerparty also allows simple tokens to be issued and traded among other wallet holders, Colu tokens can be configured in various states and types, and can leave and return to the system. , and when storing data on the blockchain is too large, the data can be stored on the BitTorrent network.
Internet Mutual Aid Industry
Tongxin Mutual Aid is the first blockchain online mutual aid platform to be implemented and applied. Technically, through blockchain and big data technology, it eliminates the shortcomings of the traditional online mutual aid model. Establish an open and transparent new online mutual aid platform.
Aite Cat is a virtual pet game produced under blockchain technology. This virtual cat is similar to Internet Letts Dog, 360 pet cat, and NetEase’s Planet are all the same type of blockchain virtual products. The difference between Aite Cat is that the entire cat design uses a 3D three-dimensional effect, making the cat’s The display is no longer a single picture, allowing the cat to move, which increases the fun of the cat.
What technology is the Huangbao blockchain system?The Huangbao blockchain is a powerful decentralized loop intelligence system. The Huangchain chain is referred to as HUANG. It is the first to be used in financial services, advertising media, games and entertainment, various life applications and other fields, becoming a blockchain 3.0 The representative virtual currency of the era, Media Chain 3.0 technology has the core characteristics of being safer, more efficient, more flexible, and more open. The widespread application of its technology will surely trigger new forms and new ideas in the global media industry, which can Create convenient services and new concepts, which marks a new economic era before the public.
『二』What is blockchain? If you don’t understand blockchain technically, will it have any operational impact?
Blockchain is a distributed system data storage, point-to-point communication, New application models of electronic information technology such as consensus mechanisms and data encryption. Its essence is distributed system data information, and with the conclusions it brings, it goes to "blockchain technology". Blockchain applications can be used in many scenarios in life. Let’s take a look at the analysis of blockchain applications!
Technology is a double-edged sword. Just like nuclear technology is a physical technology, blockchain technology is an underlying technology in terms of technology. Nuclear technology can be used as nuclear bombs and nuclear power generation. Similarly, digital currency can be used as a management method for industrial chains and life factors, which may promote more sustainable social development, and may also be used by evildoers as the most convenient means of crime.
Including blockchain coins, if my country adopts legal digital currency, blockchain coins can be decentralized. The blockchain that supports the operation of Bitcoin is blockchain technology, but the alliance chain usually has one or several companies as the core control alliance, which becomes decentralized.
『三』What does blockchain technology mean?
Blockchain technology uses block chain data structures to verify and store data, and uses distributed node consensus algorithms to generate and A new distributed infrastructure and computing paradigm that updates data, uses cryptography to ensure the security of data transmission and access, and uses smart contracts composed of automated script codes to program and operate data. It is strung together by blockchain technology. The connected distributed ledger allows two parties to effectively record transactions and permanently verify this transaction.
Extended information
It is not difficult to understand the basic principles of blockchain. Basic concepts include:
Transaction: an operation that results in a change in the ledger state, such as adding a record;
Block: records transactions and status results that occur within a period of time, and is an update to the current A consensus on the ledger state;
Chain: It is composed of blocks connected in sequence and is a log record of the entire state change.
If the blockchain is used as a state machine, each transaction is an attempt to change the state, and the block generated by each consensus is the participant's confirmation of the results of the state change caused by all transaction contents in the block.
Explain in layman's terms: If we assume that the database is a ledger, reading and writing the database can be regarded as an accounting behavior. The principle of blockchain technology is to find out the fastest and best accounting method within a period of time. This person will keep accounts, and then send this page of information to everyone else in the entire system.
This is equivalent to changing all the records in the database and sending them to every other node in the entire network, so blockchain technology is also called a distributed ledger.
Currently, there are two main modes of blockchain application:
1) Native typeBlockchain applications: directly based on decentralized blockchain technology, realizing applications such as value transfer and transactions, such as digital currency;
2) "Blockchain+" model: combining traditional scenarios with blockchain The underlying protocols are combined to improve efficiency and reduce costs. It is expected that the application of blockchain in various industries will be dominated by the second model.
Blockchain has five core attributes, namely: transaction attributes (value attributes), certificate attributes, trust attributes, intelligence attributes, and traceability attributes. The above core attributes are combined with the needs of the industry to solve the industry's pain points and become a business model for blockchain applications in various industries.
As a basic technology, blockchain has great application value in many industries with distributed processing, peer-to-peer transactions, and rapid establishment of trust relationships. Its core is to solve the problem of credit and realize Point-to-point delivery of value. Therefore, it is considered to be the cornerstone of the future value Internet.
The core of the blockchain business model is to use the innovative attributes introduced by the blockchain and combine it with traditional industry applications to realize the reconstruction of business logic in order to create new application scenarios, or improve efficiency and reduce costs.
『四』What is the relationship between blockchain technology and Bitcoin
Blockchain technology is the underlying technology of Bitcoin. Bitcoin has always been operated and managed without any centralized organization. Later, Bitcoin technology was abstracted and called blockchain technology, or distributed ledger technology.
Bitcoin is the first application of blockchain and will be expanded to more and more industries in the future.
Blockchain technology is called distributed ledger technology. It is an Internet database technology that is characterized by decentralization, openness and transparency, allowing everyone to participate in database records.
While Bitcoin is not issued by a specific monetary institution, the Bitcoin economy uses a distributed database composed of many nodes in the entire P2P network to confirm and record all transaction behaviors, and uses cryptographic design to ensure A currency that provides security in all aspects of currency circulation.
(4) Blockchain technology is considered to be an extended reading:
Bitcoin currency characteristics:
Decentralization: Bitcoin is the first distributed virtual currency. The entire network is composed of users and there is no central bank. Decentralization is the guarantee of Bitcoin’s security and freedom.
Worldwide circulation: Bitcoin can be managed on any computer connected to the Internet. Anyone can mine, buy, sell or receive Bitcoin regardless of location.
Exclusive ownership: Manipulating Bitcoin requires a private key, which can be isolated and stored on any storage medium. No one can obtain it except the user himself.
Low transaction fees: It is free to remit Bitcoin, but there will ultimately be a transaction fee of approximately 1 bit cent per transaction to ensure faster transaction execution.
No hidden costs: As a means of payment from A to B, Bitcoin has no cumbersome limits and procedures.You can make the payment by knowing the other party's Bitcoin address.
Cross-platform mining: Users can explore the computing capabilities of different hardware on many platforms.
Reference: Network-Blockchain Network-Bitcoin
『五』 Are blockchain and Bitcoin the same thing
Blockchain and Bitcoin is not a thing, blockchain is a distributed accounting technology, and Bitcoin is a peer-to-peer form of digital currency, but Bitcoin uses blockchain as its underlying technology.
『Lu』What is blockchain technology? What exactly is blockchain?
1. The so-called blockchain technology, referred to as BT (Blockchain technology), is also called Called distributed ledger technology, it is an Internet database technology that is characterized by decentralization, openness and transparency, allowing everyone to participate in database records.
Explain in layman’s terms: If we assume that the database is a ledger, reading and writing the database can be regarded as an accounting behavior. The principle of blockchain technology is to find out the accounting information within a period of time. The fastest and best person will keep accounts, and then send this page of information to everyone else in the entire system.
2. Blockchain is a new application model of distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm and other computer technologies.
Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database. As the underlying technology of Bitcoin, it is a series of cryptographic methods. Each data block generated by the association contains a batch of Bitcoin network transaction information, which is used to verify the validity of the information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block.
(6) Blockchain technology is considered to be a , incentive layer, contract layer and application layer. Among them, the data layer encapsulates the underlying data blocks and related basic data and basic algorithms such as data encryption and timestamps; the network layer includes distributed networking mechanisms, data dissemination mechanisms, and data verification mechanisms; the consensus layer mainly encapsulates network nodes Various consensus algorithms.
The incentive layer integrates economic factors into the blockchain technology system, mainly including the issuance mechanism and distribution mechanism of economic incentives; the contract layer mainly encapsulates various scripts, algorithms and smart contracts, and is the The basis of the chain's programmable features; the application layer encapsulates various application scenarios and cases of the blockchain.
『撒』 What technology is blockchain
1. The reason why blockchain is popular is because its function is very practical. Blockchain can make information more fidelity. high. Blockchain technology can be applied to many fields and scenarios, including some social management scenarios, and it is necessary to further broaden the horizons of research and development of blockchain technology.
2. Blockchain is essentially a database technology, specificallyA ledger technology. A ledger is a set of records that records changes in assets and transactions in one or more accounts. It is actually a database with the simplest structure. The running accounts we usually write down in small notebooks and the statements sent by the bank are all typical ledgers.
3. Blockchain is a distributed ledger with multi-party participation, and is called a technology "born to solve trust problems". The essential difference between the digital world and the physical world is that things in the physical world really exist and cannot appear or disappear out of thin air. However, data in the digital world can be deleted, altered or copied out of thin air without leaving any trace. But with blockchain technology, the digital world can be as real and trustworthy as the physical world.
『8』 A hundred schools of thought contend | Cai Dong: The “Truman Show” hidden under blockchain technology
About Discussions on the application of blockchain have now frequently appeared in the public eye. However, when the technology itself is mature enough, what will happen if one day blockchain is truly used in all aspects of life? Imagine that one day, human beings’ entire lives from birth will be recorded on the chain. Will life on the chain be a beautiful credit society like the "Peachland World", or will it be like the movie "The Truman Show" that records life without distinction between right and wrong, making people want to escape?
In this issue of People's Digital FINTECH Hundreds of Controversies column, Mr. Cai Dong, Chief Information Officer of McDonald's (China) Co., Ltd., was invited to talk about whether we will inevitably become a movie from the maturity and application level of blockchain technology. Like Truman in the movie, he lives in the anxiety of being "surveilled" by the whole world all the time.
The 1998 movie "The Truman Show" tells the story of an ordinary little man who, without knowing it, The story of a man who was made into a famous TV star, but was completely deprived of his freedom, privacy and even dignity while the whole world watched him every moment, and became a victim of the mass entertainment industry. In the era of digital economy, Truman’s world is hidden in the technical characteristics of blockchain: decentralization (many viewers), openness and transparency (truth is revealed), and non-tampering (cannot be hidden), which sometimes reveals disturbing features. appearance. In the process of application, will such technology have a huge and irreversible impact on social concepts and personal life? Are we inevitably going to be Truman?
Blockchain technology is considered to be the next generation of disruptive core technology after steam engines, electricity, and the Internet. Since blockchain technology has the characteristics of decentralization, openness and transparency, and full traceability, it can be used to build an encrypted database that is shared by multiple parties, active in multiple places, cannot be tampered with, and has strict timing. Many people in the industry are optimistic about its development and believe that it will It is an upgrade and supplement to existing Internet technology and is expected to become the cornerstone of the digital economy era. However, from the perspective of practical progress, the progress of blockchain technology in the process of implementationThe difficulty and impact on current concepts, regulations and social systems have gradually revealed the hidden problems behind it.
I have returned to China since the end of 2015 and have carried out a very grand practice of digital transformation of physical businesses in Wanda Group, and I have a lot of emotions. First of all, we believe that blockchain technology itself is not yet mature, so we have participated in various standardization organizations and important international open source projects, and have conducted a lot of basic ecological cultivation and open source research and development work. For example, in 2016 and 2018, under the leadership of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, we compiled a blockchain white paper on the development of the blockchain technology industry with other leading enterprises, which can provide a relatively complete guide for enterprises on how to adopt blockchain technology according to local conditions, and help government agencies to judge and formulate regional Blockchain empowerment preferential policies.
From a technical level, although blockchain has the technical ability to record data and cannot be tampered with, copied or deleted, when applied to real life scenarios, A key problem must be solved: How to turn "atoms" in real-life scenarios into "bits" and then put them on the chain? If the authenticity of the data itself is doubtful, or even maliciously falsified by data observers, not only is it meaningless to put it on the blockchain, but its non-deletable nature will also produce meaningless occupation and even negative effects. For now, there is no universal standard for mapping the physical world and the digital world. Although physical businesses have long begun to use IoT technology to digitize the physical world and have achieved many benefits of digital transformation, there is also a lot of IoT data. example on the chain, but this is not enough. Blockchain technology, whether it is the premise of uploading the data itself or the hash value, is the core technical bottleneck of data completeness and system massive processing performance, which has led to no large-scale application so far.
From a social perspective, the decentralization, self-management, and collective maintenance characteristics of blockchain technology are bound to subvert people’s production and lifestyle and dilute the concepts of state and supervision. , impacting current legal arrangements. For these, the entire world completely lacks theoretical preparation and institutional discussion. Even for Bitcoin, the most mature blockchain application, different countries have different attitudes, which inevitably hinders the application and development of blockchain technology. For another example, the openness and transparency brought by blockchain technology can prevent some middlemen from making profit in the entertainment market and bring benefits to consumers of cultural products. It can also make copyright information open and transparent and stimulate active creation in the entire entertainment industry. , produce high-quality content, but it is difficult for users to change their habit of listening to music on centralized platforms in a short period of time. Vested interests in these fields will also be "taken away from the cake". For example, the traditional ticketing market will be challenged. , and may also lead to strong backlash from large companies.
In addition, the threats to personal privacy data that may be brought about by blockchain technology during its application are also worrying. In the development of digital economy, such asWhen the epidemic is in full swing and data is increasingly recognized as a factor of economic production, user data ownership has been repeatedly violated and privacy leaked. Giant Internet companies have gradually become data oligarchs, and conflicts over data ownership and privacy protection have intensified around the world. The reasonable use of user access, consumption and other behavioral data and user privacy data is an important challenge for modern civilization. It is not only a technical challenge, but also an ethical and compliance challenge. For example, if blockchain technology is applied to the field of biological big data and users' genetic sequencing data are uploaded to the chain, how can the sequencing data of many users be reasonably and legally used in the field of scientific research to reveal the mechanisms of diseases? To benefit future generations of mankind, how to prevent users’ genetic disease and cancer risk information from being leaked by others, which would have a fatal impact on the user’s personal emotional life and social evaluation? The implementation of blockchain technology in the future will inevitably involve choices about the fields it enters, as well as weighing moral and ethical issues.
We can foresee that in the future, more and more things and behaviors will be digitized through data on-chain, and then Be capitalized, but the original ownership of the data is always with the data owner, who is the owner of the data. While enjoying the online value-added circulation of the digital economy, it will also bring people more diverse economic activities in the real economy. But think about this kind of life, do you want to escape?
The theme of the next issue is "The World War of Digital Currency"
Viewpoint 1: Will digital currency rebuild the future monetary system?
Opinion 2: "Suppress the bandits" before the war, the encirclement and suppression of the currency circle is imminent
Who will be invited to debate in the next issue? Stay tuned! Readers are welcome to actively contribute articles to participate in the discussion. Please leave a message in the backstage of the official account or submit articles to [email protected]. Selected content will be announced in the next issue.
