区块链侧链是什么,区块链侧链的应用功能

A. What is a side chain

A side chain is another blockchain outside the main chain, anchoring a node in the main chain. Computing power is used to maintain the authenticity of the side chain and realize the transfer of values ​​on the public blockchain and other account books across multiple blockchains. The most representative implementation is Blocksteam. The main chain in this blockchain architecture in which the main chain and side chain cooperate is sometimes called the parent chain (Parentchain)

B. What is the side chain in the blockchain

Dumb: Xiaoxing, I recently saw that you have changed from the simple style of the past, and you are very bright and beautiful. Where did you get rich?

Xiaoxing: It’s okay, it’s okay. I’ve been living with a wealthy family recently, and it’s nice to enjoy the shade under the big tree.

Dumb: Who is a rich man? He is being taken care of, haha...

Xiaoxing: What are you talking about? Am I that kind of person? I am a horse for BTC. Zai, um, the name Ma Zai doesn’t sound good, I will make a “side chain” for BTC.

1. What does a side chain do?

Dumb: Ma Zai is Ma Zai, what is called "side chain"? What can you, Ma Zai, do for BTC?

Xiaoxing: The services provided for BTC are mainly “mortgage loan services” to expand the business scope and influence of BTC.

Dumb: "Mortgage loan service", how do you play this?

Xiaoxing: It is actually an asset transfer. You mortgage your BTC to me, and I will give you the corresponding value of Xiaoxing coins, referred to as XB. You can use XB to do other things. If you put Return XB to me, and I will return BTC to you.

2. Sidechain and BTC service process

Dumb: It sounds interesting, but I still don’t understand what’s going on. Please explain it in detail.

Xiaoxing: Listen to me slowly. One of my important functions is payment verification (SPV) proof. BTC and XB are symmetrical two-way anchoring, and BTC and XB are independent of each other. The steps are as follows:

Xiaoxing: My relationship with Bitcoin can be seen in the picture below

Xiaoxing: Let me emphasize that the transfer of assets between BTC and XB is real. Make a white note. Of course, I am not the only one who can work for BTC, there are many other horses. If there is a problem with one horse, it cannot affect the other horses.

3. Why side chains are needed

Dumb: Xiaoxing, aren’t you just swapping with BTC? Why should I use you?

Xiaoxing: You don’t understand this. My XB coins are bound to BTC. What are you using BTC to transfer? The transfer is slow, you have to wait for a long time, and the handling fee is still expensive., it’s different when you use my XB. I can transfer money quickly and with no handling fees. If you don’t need it, you can exchange it back for BTC. I can also provide more convenient services.

Xiaoxing: Dumb, do you know that the rules of BTC have been relatively fixed and it is difficult to make major changes in them. Modifications will lead to forks. If you want to innovate or expand on the Bitcoin platform, It's quite difficult.

Dumb: Xiaoxing, as you said, your functions are so good, why are you not independent? Do you have to be a pawn for BTC? It’s so fun to play by yourself, and you are not restricted by BTC.

4. Why does the side chain need to be attached?

Xiaoxing: Sigh, I am a new token, XB Coin, that needs no one, needs fame but has no reputation, and wants to let If you believe me, you have to walk a long way, but it may not be possible.

Dumb: Looking at you in such a bad way, others really can’t believe it.

Xiaoxing: Hehehehehehehe, but it’s different if I hook up with BTC and act as a pawn for him. I am linked to BTC and use BTC as a reserve to issue XB coins, which can complete the value of XB coins. Recognition, isn't it a bit like the gold standard?

Dumb: That’s true, you have a smart mind.

Xiaoxing: Haha...

Summary

The side chain protocol can transfer Bitcoin out of the lock and develop a second-generation blockchain. Ensure the security of the Bitcoin blockchain, and secondly, cope with the impact of second-generation coins, and achieve commercialization for different application scenarios. Side chains can be applied not only to BTC, but also to other public chains.

C. What are the classifications of blockchain and what is the structure of blockchain?

The concept of blockchain has been quite popular recently and it comes from Bitcoin. Waiting for the implementation of cryptocurrency, but currently this technology has been gradually used in various fields. So do you know what the classifications of blockchain are? What is the structure of blockchain? Let’s follow us to find out more.
What are the classifications of blockchain?
1. Public Blockchains (PublicBlockChains)
Public Blockchain means: any individual or group in the world can send transactions, and the transactions can be effectively confirmed by the blockchain, and anyone can participate its consensus process. The public blockchain is the earliest blockchain, and it is also the most widely used blockchain at present. The virtual digital currencies of all major bitcoins series are based on the public blockchain. There is one and only one corresponding to this currency in the world. Blockchain.
2. Consortium (Industry) Blockchain (ConsortiumBlockChains)
Industry Blockchain: Multiple preselected nodes are designated within a certain group as bookkeepers, and the generation of each block is jointly performed by all preselected nodes. Decision (pre-selected nodes to participate in the consensus process), other access nodes can participate in transactions, but do not participate in the accounting process (essentially still hostingBookkeeping just becomes distributed bookkeeping. The number of pre-selected nodes and how to decide the bookkeeper of each block becomes the main risk point of the blockchain. Anyone else can open it through the blockchain. API performs limited queries.
3. Private Blockchain (privateBlockChains)
Private Blockchain: Only uses the general ledger technology of the blockchain for accounting. It can be a company or an individual, and has exclusive access to the writing of the blockchain. With access permissions, this chain is not much different from other distributed storage solutions. At present (Dec2015), conservative giants (traditional finance) want to experiment with private blockchains, while public chain applications such as Bitcoin have been industrialized, and private chain application products are still being explored.
4. Sidechain (Sidechain)
Sidechain is a blockchain used to confirm data from other blockchains. Through the two-way peg (TwoWayPeg) mechanism, various assets such as Bitcoin and Ripple coins can be Transfers are realized on different blockchains at a certain exchange rate.
What is the structure of blockchain?
1. Basic network layer: The basic network layer consists of a data layer and a network layer. The data layer includes underlying data blocks and related data encryption and timestamp technologies; the network layer includes distributed networking mechanisms, Data dissemination mechanism and data verification mechanism, etc.
2. Intermediate protocol layer: The intermediate protocol layer consists of a consensus layer, an incentive layer, and a contract layer. The consensus layer mainly includes various consensus algorithms of network nodes; the incentive layer integrates economic factors into the blockchain technology system. , mainly including the issuance mechanism and distribution mechanism of economic incentives; the contract layer mainly includes various scripts, algorithms and smart contracts, which is the basis of the programmable features of the blockchain.
3. Extension layer: This layer is similar to a computer driver and is designed to make blockchain products more practical. There are currently two categories. One is various trading markets, which are important channels for exchanging legal currency for cryptocurrency. They are simple to implement, get money quickly, and have low costs, but the risks are also high. The second is the expansion implementation in a certain direction. For example, based on the Yishu side chain, it can provide customized services for third-party publishing organizations, forum websites and other content producers.
4. Application service layer: As the most important link in the blockchain industry chain, the application service layer includes various application scenarios and cases of blockchain, including programmable currency, programmable finance and programmable society.
The above are the blockchain classifications brought to you by the editor? What is the structure of blockchain? of the entire content.

D. What are public chains, private chains, alliance chains and side chains

The degree of decentralization of public chains. This kind of public blockchain, represented by Bitcoin and Ethereum, is not controlled by third-party organizations. Everyone in the world can read the data records on the chain, participate in transactions, and compete for the accounting rights of new blocks.
Program developers have no right to interfere with users. Participants (i.e. nodes) can freely join and exit the network and perform relevant operations as they wish.
Private blockchains are exactly the opposite. The writing permissions of the network are fully controlled by an organization or institution, and the data reading permissions are regulated by the organization and are either open to the outside world or have a certain degree of access restrictions.
To put it simply, it can be understood as a weakly centralized or polycentralized system. Since there are strict restrictions and few participating nodes; compared with public chains, private chains take a relatively shorter time to reach consensus, faster transaction speeds, higher efficiency, and lower costs.
The alliance chain is a blockchain between the public chain and the private chain, which can achieve "partial decentralization".
Each node on the chain usually has a corresponding entity or organization; participants join the network through authorization and form an alliance of stakeholders to jointly maintain the operation of the blockchain.

E. How to explain blockchain in a popular way

“Blockchain technology is considered to be the next generation of disruptive core technology after steam engines, electricity, and the Internet. If the steam engine releases It has improved people's productivity, electricity has solved people's basic living needs, and the Internet has completely changed the way information is transmitted. As a machine that builds trust, blockchain will likely completely change the way value is transmitted in the entire human society."

I have just come into contact with the blockchain. There are too many basic knowledge that need to be understood and known. Don’t worry, today I will popularize this knowledge for you. Today, let’s first take a look at what public chains, private chains, alliance chains, and side chains are.

F. Chain classification of blockchain

Two days ago, a friend asked many questions about blockchain on WeChat. One of the questions It’s how to classify this chain of blockchain. Blockchain can currently be divided into four categories: public chain, private chain, alliance chain and side chain. Beijing Muqi Mobile Technology Co., Ltd., a professional blockchain outsourcing development company, welcomes discussions for cooperation. The following will help you understand the characteristics of these blockchain chains and how to apply them. I hope it will be helpful to you.

1. Public chain - everyone can participate

Public chain means that anyone can read it, anyone can send transactions, and transactions can be effectively confirmed A blockchain in which anyone can participate in the consensus process.

The public chain adopts the proof-of-work mechanism (POW), proof-of-stake mechanism (POS), and share authorization proof mechanism (DPOS), and combines economic rewards and encrypted digital verification. And establish a principle that the economic rewards that each person can obtain are proportional to the workload. These blockchains are often considered to be completely decentralized.

Features:

1. Open source, because the operating rules of the entire system are open and transparent, this system is an open source system; 2. Protect users from the influence of developers, in the public domain There are no program developers in the chainThe right to interfere with users, so the blockchain can protect users who use the programs they develop; 3. The access threshold is low and anyone with sufficient technical ability can access, that is to say, as long as there is a computer that can be connected to the Internet, access can be satisfied Conditions; 4. All data is public by default, although all associated participants hide their true identities. This phenomenon is very common. They generate their own security through their public nature, where every participant can see all account balances and all their transaction activity.

Case: There are many familiar figures in the public chain: BTC, ETH, EOS, AE, ADA, etc.

2. Private chain - rights are in the hands of a few people

A private chain refers to a blockchain whose write permission is only in the hands of one organization. Read permissions are either open to the public or arbitrarily restricted. Relevant applications include database management, auditing, and even a company. Although in some cases it is desirable to have public auditability, in many cases public readability is not necessary.

Features:

1. Fast transaction speed. The transaction speed of a private chain can be faster than any other blockchain, or even close to not being a blockchain. the speed of a regular database. This is because even a small number of nodes have a high degree of trust, and each node does not need to verify a transaction. 2. Good privacy, giving better privacy protection The private chain makes the data privacy policy on that blockchain exactly the same as in another database; there is no need to deal with access permissions and use all the old methods, but at least it says , this data is not publicly available to anyone with an internet connection. 3. Low transaction costs. Transaction costs are significantly reduced or even zero. Transactions can be carried out completely free or at least very cheaply on the private chain. If one entity controlled and processed all transactions, they would no longer need to charge fees for their work.

Case: The Linux Foundation, the R3CEV Corda platform, and the Gem Health network’s Hyperledger project are either developing or using private chains.

3. Alliance chain - partial decentralization

The degree of openness and decentralization of the alliance chain is limited. The participants are screened out in advance or designated directly. The read permission of the database may be public, or it may be limited to the participants of the system like the write permission.

Features:

1. Low transaction costs, transactions only need to be verified by a few trusted high-computing nodes without the need for confirmation by the entire network; 2. Nodes Easy to connect, if something goes wrong, the alliance chain canQuickly fixed through manual intervention and allowing the use of consensus algorithms to reduce block times, thereby completing transactions faster; 3. Flexible, if necessary, the consortium or company running the private blockchain can easily modify the blockchain Rules, restore transactions, modify balances, etc.

Case: Ripple has established an alliance chain for international remittances between Japan and South Korea and inter-bank remittances in Japan. At the same time, Xunlei Link, which has been popular for a while, is also a semi-open alliance chain.

4. Side chain - extended protocol

Strictly speaking, "side chain" is not a blockchain itself, but can be understood as an extension of the blockchain. Protocol. The early "side chain" was to solve the limitations of Bitcoin blockchain technology. Side chains are like pathways that connect different blockchains to each other to achieve the expansion of the blockchain. Side chains Completely independent of the Bitcoin blockchain, but the two ledgers can "interoperate" and interact.

Features:

1. Independence, side chain The advantage of the architecture is that the code and data are independent, which does not increase the burden on the main chain and avoid excessive data expansion. The side chain has an independent blockchain, an independent trustee or witness, and an independent node network, that is, a The blocks generated by the side chain will only be broadcast among all nodes where the side chain is installed. 2. Flexibility. All blockchain parameters of the side chain can be customized, such as block intervals and block rewards. , the whereabouts of transaction fees, etc., advanced users can also modify the consensus algorithm.

Case: LSK, RDN, ARDR and other currencies use side chain technology.

For the current In the entire digital currency field, this year may still be a competition for the underlying public chain projects. The reason is that the current public chain as the infrastructure of the blockchain still has obvious shortcomings, and it is still unable to achieve true security, reliability and efficiency. This is also It obviously restricts the development of the entire blockchain industry.

G. Common blockchain cross-chain technologies

Common blockchain cross-chain technologies include: 1. Ripple Interledger protocol. 2 Side chain technology BTCRelay.3 Relay technology Polkadot and COSMOSPolkadotCOSMOS; 4 Hash locking technology Lightingnetwork.5 Distributed private key control technology WanChain. Among the many problems faced by blockchain, the interoperability between blockchains is great It limits the application space of blockchain to a certain extent. Whether it is a public chain or a private chain, cross-chain technology is the key to realizing the value Internet. It is a good medicine to save the blockchain from scattered islands. It is the A bridge for chain expansion and connection.

H. What are side chains and main chains in blockchain

Main chain: a formally launched, independent blockchain Network. YesIn this way, the entity that stores data in the blockchain is generally considered to be the main chain network itself. For example, BTC mainnet, ETH mainnet and EOS mainnet are all main chains.

Sidechain: First of all, the essence of the sidechain protocol is a cross-blockchain solution. Simply put, this solution allows data information to be transferred between two blockchains. Sidechains were originally proposed to enable the transfer of Bitcoin and other digital assets between multiple blockchains.

In layman’s terms, side chains are like pathways that connect different blockchains to each other to achieve the expansion of the blockchain. The side chain is completely independent of the main chain, but the two ledgers can "interoperate" and achieve interaction.

Sidechain protocol - Sidechain protocol refers to (taking Bitcoin as an example): it allows Bitcoin to be safely transferred from the Bitcoin main chain to other blockchains, and from other blockchains A protocol for securely returning to the Bitcoin main chain. The same goes for exchanging Bitcoin for Ethereum or other blockchains. So, why do we need side chains, or what are the benefits of side chains?

The functions that the main chain lacks are provided by the side chain.

For example, the Bitcoin network does not have the function of smart contracts, but this function can be realized through side chains.

If the operation efficiency of the main chain is low, some functions of the main chain can be transferred to the side chain for implementation.

For example, the transfer speed of the main chain is very slow and there is no way to meet daily payment needs. We can develop the Lightning Network as a side chain to meet daily payments. Also due to low performance, Ethereum cannot support large-scale commercial-level DAPPs (decentralized applications), which can be achieved through side-chain development.

If you put aside the technical rigor, you can use another simpler way to understand the side chain. All networks that provide support or services for the original main network can be called side chains. No need to Care about whether this side chain uses blockchain technology. For example:

Third-party payment network (Alipay/WeChat), you can think of the bank network as the main chain, and third-party payment is a side chain.

Cryptocurrency trading considers free networks such as Bitcoin and other virtual currencies as the main chain, and the exchange can be regarded as a side chain.

RSK and Loom are separately developed side chains for the Bitcoin and Ethereum main chains respectively.

In the first application, the main chain and side chain are centralized

In the second application, the main chain is decentralized and the side chain is Centralized

The third application, the main chain is decentralized, and the side chain is also decentralized. With the deepening of blockchain technology, we can see human value exchange activities , will slowly transition from the first application to the third application.

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I. The difference between the main chain and the side chain in the blockchain

According to the degree of independence of the blockchain network, it is divided into two types: main chain and side chain. The difference between the two is as follows:

1. The main chain refers to a blockchain network that is officially online and can operate independently. The main chain is also called the main network and the mother chain. Simply put, it is the mother of all chains. The chain that can generate chains is called the parent chain.

2. Compared with the concept of the main chain, the side chain can be called a side chain as long as it abides by the side chain protocol and anchors a node on the main chain.

There is a cooperative relationship between the main chain and the side chain. The main chain is like the larger gear in a bicycle. It is an independent blockchain network that does not require power from other gears and can turn on its own.

J. The difference between the main chain and the side chain in the blockchain

Usually blockchains, especially public chains, have mainnets and testnets . The main network is a trusted blockchain network recognized by the blockchain community, and its transaction information is recognized by all members. Valid blocks will be appended to the main network's block ledger after consensus on the blockchain network.
Many people don’t understand what sidechains are. This concept comes from the Bitcoin community and was proposed in December 2013. There are some questions about whether its birth is due to Bitcoin itself or the mechanism of a certain blockchain. But if you modify it directly on the Bitcoin protocol or chain, it is easy to make mistakes. And because Bitcoin blocks are constantly being operated, if something goes wrong, the amount of funds involved will be huge, and this is not allowed.
Sidechains actually do not refer to a specific blockchain, but all blockchains that comply with the sidechain protocol. This term is relative to the main chain of Bitcoin.
For more information browse what are sidechains