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Ⅰ Which domestic blockchain teams are better?

As the underlying technology of Bitcoin, blockchain deposits are very popular. Many financial giants, IT giants and Internet giants around the world are investing in it. To lay out this market, blockchain-related acquisitions and financing events are increasing day by day.

Today’s blockchain is like a baby in its infancy. Bitcoin was born in 2009. As an emerging digital currency, Bitcoin has experienced several “deaths” and “rebirths”, and Even amid the turbulent development of Bitcoin, blockchain technology has gained unlimited vitality and is gradually penetrating into other industries. So, is blockchain really as awesome as we think? Will blockchain disrupt finance and other traditional industries?

Although there is still debate in the industry about the definition of blockchain, the decentralized and non-tamperable characteristics of blockchain have been basically recognized. It is precisely based on these characteristics of blockchain that many people believe that blockchain will have the power to subvert tradition. In traditional transactions, a centralized institution is often needed to solve the fundamental trust problem and conduct corresponding settlement. As a distributed ledger, blockchain means that it will produce a public ledger that can be viewed by everyone and cannot be tampered with. This method that does not require trusting a single node and can create a consensus network is considered to be promising for applications including finance and transportation. , collections, credit reporting and other fields.

However, what needs to be noted is that although there is endless news about blockchain, and major financial institutions are also actively deploying, today’s blockchain is still in its “initial stage”, and the areas where it has been implemented globally There are still very few blockchain applications, and fields of a certain scale are even harder to find.

How to accelerate the implementation of blockchain? This is the most important research direction of Puyin Blockchain Group. Puyin Blockchain solves the problem of blockchain application and how to connect with the real world, which greatly improves the circulation efficiency of digital assets. Judging from the law of technology development, any disruptive technology needs to move from the bustling concept stage to the challenging implementation stage, followed by multiple rounds of reshuffling of the entire market structure. Puyin Blockchain is a tough and tested force that changes the world in the form of asset digitization.

Ⅱ Re-understanding the blockchain: Enlightenments brought by more than 1,550 application cases

Author: Ran Wei

(This article is excerpted from "2021 Global Area Blockchain Application Market Report")

When we talk about blockchain, anyone who knows something about blockchain can more or less express some of their own opinions on related topics. . For example: from the perspective of technical system, blockchain is a new application of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm; from the perspective of functional attributes, blockchain is decentralized, non-tamperable, and full-process. Features such as leaving traces, traceability, collective maintenance, openness and transparency.

Review of blockchainHistory cannot bypass Bitcoin. On January 3, 2009, the Bitcoin genesis block with serial number 0 was born. A few days later, on January 9, 2009, Bitcoin block number 1 was born. When two blocks are connected, the blockchain is "born."

The inventor of Bitcoin, whose pseudonym is “Satoshi Nakamoto”, may find it difficult to imagine: In the past 12 years, with Bitcoin as the center, a huge “cryptocurrency family” has spread all over the world. The financial market set off a "big wave" that continues to this day. During this period, innovation and risks related to cryptocurrency are intertwined, progress and bubbles coexist, and pursuit and criticism coexist, and it drives government departments of various countries to continuously improve the monetary and financial systems, social governance and supervision systems.

At the same time, the blockchain that accompanies Bitcoin is also evolving rapidly, and has long gone beyond the scope of "Bitcoin's underlying technology" and has been applied to every corner of social and economic development.

So, what mechanism does blockchain work through? What are its advantages compared to traditional technologies and models? What is its application effect? In the "2021 Global Blockchain Application Market Report" jointly released by Capital Lab and Yuanwang Think Tank, we tried to provide a certain basis for the above issues through research on more than 1,550 application cases around the world in 2020 and the first quarter of 2021. Empirical answer. At the same time, based on the study of these cases, we can establish a new understanding of blockchain: blockchain is trust, blockchain is sharing, blockchain is transaction, blockchain is substitution, and blockchain is efficiency.

In the Bitcoin creation paper "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Currency System", "Satoshi Nakamoto" repeatedly emphasized that Bitcoin has the characteristics of not relying on a "trusted third party". That is the characteristic of “decentralization”.

On the other hand, the underlying technology of Bitcoin, the blockchain, is precisely designed for "trust." In other words, reshaping "trust" in the digital age is the most basic function of the blockchain, but this trust has been transformed from trust between people and legal entities to trust between machines and machines. Trust between blocks and between nodes. Interestingly, the subsequent “smart contract” function has further strengthened this trust through its integration with the blockchain.

Identity coding and authentication are the first steps to achieve the above-mentioned trust mechanism, and the distributed identity (Decentralized Identity, DID) system is the core of it. With DID applications, everyone from individuals to organizations to IoT devices, from physical items to virtual products, can be given digital "identities" and achieve trusted interactions. It is precisely because of this that blockchain-based certificate storage, empowerment, verification, circulation, and transactions can be realized, and only then can blockchain be implemented in various industries.

Application cases from around the world show that new trust mechanisms provide new rules and motivation for social and economic operations:

l China is comprehensively promoting the application of blockchain electronic certificates, enterprises and residents You can enjoy more efficient and convenient government services;

l "One fish, one code", "One fruit, one code", "One tea, one code" and other applications are promoting global agricultural product anti-counterfeiting traceability and food safety Upgrading of the system;

l Through the combination of blockchain, big data, and artificial intelligence, the credit "portrait" of an enterprise is more accurate, and it can obtain faster and lower-cost financing services accordingly. ;

l Public welfare organizations have put charity donations on the chain to form a more transparent and standardized public welfare tracking and management system;

l Relevant cities in China have launched Blockchain gas cylinder product traceability management system, the credibility of the source of gas cylinder file information and the level of gas cylinder safety management have been greatly improved;

l Germany is establishing an identity authentication-based system for its distributed energy assets. Digital registration system to promote renewable energy development and trading and cope with the advent of the digital energy era….

Among the three types of blockchains (public chain, alliance chain, private chain), alliance chain has been the most widely used. In addition to considerations of technical performance, operational efficiency, operability, expected results, etc., this is mainly because all parties in the alliance already have a certain foundation of trust. This also shows from another perspective that in blockchain applications beyond cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, "multi-centralization" rather than complete "decentralization" is a more realistic option.

In addition, it is undeniable that unlike the proof-of-work mechanism that Bitcoin “mining” relies on, the blockchain cannot completely ensure the integrity of the on-chain data from the source in the actual application process. Authenticity. In other words, a certain alliance member or node may provide false data intentionally or unintentionally. However, with the help of blockchain's non-tampering, traceability, multi-party consensus and other characteristics, the alliance can identify counterfeiting behavior and impose corresponding punishments, such as "kicking" the counterfeiting members from the node. Therefore, in a sense, blockchain-based trust largely establishes alliance members’ awe for the authenticity of data and deters data fraud.

If "trust" is the foundation of blockchain applications, data sharing is the core of blockchain applications. Without data sharing, there will be no cooperation, and the practical application of blockchain will be impossible.

l The State Administration of Foreign Exchange's "Cross-border Financial Blockchain Service Platform" pilot has been fully launched, promoting foreign trade exports through information exchange between foreign exchange bureaus, taxation, banks and enterprise-related market entities. Business development;

l 11 companies in TaiwanThe "Preservation/Claims Alliance Chain" jointly established by insurance companies has been put into operation, and each company has achieved "single application and common documents" on this platform;

l Blockchain platforms such as Contour and TradeLens use enterprises, Data collaboration among financial institutions, shipping companies, terminals, customs and other institutions is reshaping the global supply chain and providing impetus for the digital transformation of international trade...

l In China, through data collaboration, various government departments have realized "one data, one source, one source for multiple uses, one network, and full network operation";

l Through The "Judicial Chain" platform allows all types of electronic evidence to be seamlessly connected with judicial institutions such as notarization, arbitration, judicial appraisal, and courts, which improves the efficiency of the judicial system while reducing costs;

l Targeting grassroots nationwide The court's "cross-domain collaboration mechanism for trial auxiliary matters" can realize "cross-domain service and cross-domain evidence collection" between courts in different regions, effectively improving the efficiency of trial auxiliary matters and trial quality and efficiency, and reducing judicial operation costs... ….

l China's "Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Combination Port" project was officially launched, which can support the interconnection and interoperability of trade parties among the five major customs jurisdictions of the Greater Bay Area and become the first connected port in the Greater Bay Area , customs, logistics, enterprise, finance and other trade processes, interconnected and shared blockchain network;

l Japan's KDDI Telecom, Hitachi, Kansai Electric Power, Sekisui Construction and other large enterprises have established blocks Chain Alliance NEXCHAIN ​​to form a cross-industry real estate information sharing and management model and promote cross-industry innovation;

l The French Renault Group completed the test of its blockchain project "XCEED" for zero Sharing compliance information between component suppliers and automakers and simplifying compliance certification….

Although the above application cases in finance, government affairs and various industries are only a few typical cases, they are enough to illustrate that: on the one hand, data sharing is an inherent requirement of blockchain applications. In terms of specific implementation, everything must start from breaking "data islands" and "information asymmetry"; on the other hand, the application practice of blockchain has in turn promoted cross-level, cross-department, cross-industry, cross-region, and cross- Data sharing and unprecedented cooperation across national borders.

It can also be seen from the above cases that based on the transparency, security, trustworthiness and other characteristics of the blockchain, data sharing allows cooperation that originally seemed impossible to be achieved, and more Open innovation results; data sharing can effectively improve the operating efficiency of business systems, financial systems and social governance systems; various organizations promote their own organizational changes and process changes while sharing and cooperating with external institutions.

Based on trust and sharing, “transaction” is the most valuable application of blockchain.Intuitive and deepest expression. Currently, blockchain is opening a new chapter in the transformation of transaction models in various industries around the world.

From the perspective of functional architecture, blockchain-based transactions are by no means just a change in the transaction process. Instead, they integrate various unique functions of the blockchain. Integrated integration of blockchain applications such as logistics, payment/settlement, supply chain financing, insurance, and network security.

From the perspective of application form, blockchain-based transactions transcend the traditional concept of product or service transactions and represent the realization of the value of a wider range of data in circulation.

From the perspective of application scenarios, transactions based on blockchain involve the upgrading of the physical industry, the digital advancement of the financial industry, and the innovative application of the "token economy".

In the physical industry, take the application of agricultural blockchain as an example: on the one hand, supply chain traceability based on blockchain has become an important barrier to food safety; but on the other hand, for growers or For farmers, the supply chain traceability function is far from enough. How to help them expand the sales of agricultural products and obtain more income as much as possible is the "hard truth" for blockchain technology to continue to promote agricultural development. In other industries, the same applies.

Against the above background, new trading platforms in the global physical industry continue to emerge:

l The Indian government uses blockchain platforms to help farmers in remote areas sell agricultural products to reduce the While eliminating intermediate fees, obtain higher income;

l The Swiss company Cerealia builds a blockchain-based agricultural product trading and financing platform to promote the export of agricultural products in emerging market countries around the world;

l The world's largest independent refined sugar producer, Al Khaleej Sugar Company of the United Arab Emirates, launched DigitalSugar.io, a blockchain-based sugar product trading platform, to realize spot-based international raw sugar trading;

l Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, has launched an international timber electronic trading platform based on blockchain, which will manage the entire timber transaction process on the chain, and will provide the timber market with full industry chain services such as cloud warehouse supervision, logistics, finance, and insurance;
< br /> l Shandong Province launched the Shandong Internet Traditional Chinese Medicine Trading Platform, which will use blockchain and other technologies to achieve online integrated services of quality control, trading, payment, settlement and supervision;

l Suzhou Phase Weitang Town in the urban area has released a blockchain-based pearl online trading platform, which will store the core parameters and test reports of pearls on the chain, and will also add functions such as supply chain management, trade finance, smart contracts, payment settlement, and incentive mechanisms;

l Honeywell launches GoDirect Trade, an online trading platform for new and second-hand aircraft partsIt provides a valuable reference for how merchants apply blockchain to parts transactions and circulation...

In the financial industry, blockchain is promoting the digital advancement of financial transaction business in aspects such as securities trading, asset securitization, trade financing, and cross-border settlement:

l The Australian National Stock Exchange has launched ClearPay, a digital securities trading platform based on distributed ledger technology, which can provide multi-currency, real-time DVP settlement on the same day and will replace the original exchange settlement system;

l Switzerland The company Finka has launched a related securitization token investment platform based on livestock from organic pastures in Bolivia to promote the development of the local livestock industry;

l The American company Securitize has established a Japanese real estate investment platform based on digital securities , aiming to revitalize idle real estate in rural Japan and enhance the vitality of the rural economy;

l China Postal Savings Bank and China Construction Bank completed the first cross-blockchain platform forfaiting transaction, Hua Xia Bank Kunming Branch’s first Realize forfaiting resale business in the secondary market;

l Nanjing Iron and Steel completed blockchain-based iron ore transactions with Rio Tinto of Australia and Vale of Brazil respectively;
< br /> l Baosteel Co., Ltd. and Australia's Rio Tinto completed the first blockchain-based RMB cross-border settlement transaction...

Of course, while blockchain promotes the advancement of financial transaction business, dark sides such as hype, scams, money laundering, and cyber attacks related to blockchain and cryptocurrency continue to follow. How to continue to promote financial innovation while also carrying out efficient risk prevention and control and effectively cracking down on illegal crimes is an important issue that requires long-term response. From a global perspective, China has responded with clear attitudes, strict measures, and effective measures in this regard.

The transaction changes realized by the blockchain in the real industry and financial industry are only the initial stage of the blockchain changing the traditional transaction method. The "Token Economy" is the blockchain "transaction" A higher level of functionality.

Under the framework of the "token economy", from electronic certificates to skill certificates, from credit records to public welfare activity participation records, from social media tracks to carbon emission reduction actions, when various data become When an encrypted digital proof of rights is circulated and exchangeable, it is given the function of "token".

Regardless of the investment/speculation craze of "Non-Fungible Token (NFT)", we can already see many early applications of "token economy" around the world:

l The HotCity project supported by the Austrian government uses a crowdsourcing model to integrate blockchain and gamingCombining tokens to encourage residents to submit waste heat hotspots to meet city heating needs more efficiently;

l Ford establishes "Green Miles" for commercial and municipal fleets with hybrid vehicles , to help improve urban air quality;

l Weibin District, Xinxiang City, Henan Province, issued tokens based on the merchant and enterprise points system in its blockchain industrial park project to establish a new commercial service platform;< br />
l Chengdu released a blockchain-based community governance product "Liandong Community". Residents can obtain "time bank" points from the platform through volunteer services and other activities, and exchange them for points provided by community merchants. Benefits and discounts;

l The Electric Vehicle Charging Network Working Group (EVGI) of the global non-profit organization "Mobile Open Blockchain Initiative" launched a global standard system for decentralized car charging technology, covering Certified Carbon Credit (TCC) scenario;

l The blockchain reward platform MiL.k cooperates with Korean retailers to provide blockchain-based points management services for its members. Members can convert existing points into local MLK tokens through the MiL.k platform, or exchange them into other third-party points...

As can be seen from the above cases and more, the "token economy" has several distinctive features:

The "token economy" gives assets to a wider range of data Attributes and tradable attributes, and through cross-domain and cross-platform mutual trust and circulation, can improve the operating efficiency of the entire social and economic system;

"Token economy" is a new value creation and The realization process does not necessarily use currency directly as the medium of exchange, but is more reflected in the exchange, mutual benefit and reallocation of various elements and resources;

"Token economy" is often combined with incentive mechanisms. At the same time, through incentives for "good people and good deeds", "good companies" and "good institutions", the social value system and social credit system will be effectively reshaped.

Generally speaking, the "token economy" will spawn new production factors, reshape production relations, and greatly liberate social productivity; the "token economy" represents the direction of the "information Internet" The evolution of the "Internet of Value" indicates the most exciting future of the digital economy; the "token economy" based on the blockchain has begun to take shape and has begun to bring changes to economic operations, social governance, and everyone's lifestyle. Continuously visible change. All types of institutions and individuals should be mentally and physically prepared for this change.

Like other new technologies, in the process of application and popularization, blockchain continues to produce substitution effects in terms of platforms, media, models, methods, etc.: physical documents are replaced by electronic documents, and credit records are replaced by electronic documents. Token replacement, artificialAuditing was replaced by data verification, and city management platforms were replaced by “urban brains”….

Such substitutions have become the norm:

l Argentina’s central bank has begun a proof-of-concept for a new blockchain clearing system, which may replace the existing clearing system;< br />
l Korea Minting and Security Printing Corporation (KOMSCO) expanded its blockchain digital gift certificate business to replace paper gift certificates and achieved record revenue despite a sharp decline in the issuance of banknotes and coins. Improvement;

l Courts across China have begun to use blockchain electronic seals to replace traditional paper seals in the enforcement of real estate seizures;

l The Shanghai court system is using artificial intelligence , the adoption of new technologies such as blockchain, and explore the use of digital court trial records to replace manual court trial transcripts;

l The Japanese company SUSMED launched a "Clinical Data Monitoring System Demonstration Using Blockchain Technology" pilot, indicating that the drug Or the necessary monitoring process in clinical trials of medical equipment can be replaced by a blockchain system;

l Alipay and Wukong Car Rental have cooperated to launch a "face-swiping" car rental service, which uses blockchain technology and credit-free security mode, tourists can rent a car by simply "swiping their face" and return the vehicle through mobile phone operations;

l Under the new crown epidemic, local governments in China have intensively launched "non-face-to-face" vehicles that combine blockchain technology ", no contact, zero errands" government service has replaced the traditional offline service method, providing a strong guarantee for the smooth progress of remote bidding, "cloud" customs clearance, financial support, resumption of work and production, etc. during the epidemic... .

In addition, we can also see that through the use of blockchain technology, various enterprise-level services are also realizing substitution and evolution: from paper contracts to electronic contracts, to program-based, Blockchain contracts that can automatically execute smart contracts. Blockchain is pushing contract signing into the era of "chain signing"; from offline human resources companies to online human resources platforms to the blockchain-based human resources market , global human resources services have experienced continuous changes from the 1.0 era to the 2.0 era, and then to the 3.0 era.

Generally speaking, when the blockchain "invades" various industries, it will "mercilessly" delete all unnecessary links and processes, all unnecessary manual operations, and accelerate the The era of paperless, unmanned and automated is coming.

In the process of our analysis of more than 1,550 blockchain application cases around the world, words like "improve", "accelerate", "shorten", "lower", "reduce", "save", " Words such as "save" appear frequently in front of our eyes. These words show that the improvement of efficiency is the common pursuit of all parties involved in blockchain applications and is also the source of the substitution effect of blockchain.The most direct result.

Numerous application practices are contributing to this:

l Kenyan company Shamba Records provides blockchain traceability, transaction and financing services to farmers in the country, currently covering more than 6,000 Small farmers and helped them increase their income by at least 40%;

l TradeWaltz, a blockchain trading platform invested by NTT DATA, Mitsubishi and other companies, completed a trial run, and the results showed that the platform can reduce traditional 50% of the workload of the trade process;

l Walmart Canada has significantly reduced invoice disputes with carriers by 97% through the application of the DL Freight blockchain platform;

l The State Grid Corporation of China’s power transaction certificate traceability inquiry platform has been put into operation, automating the entire authenticity review process for registered users and saving 99% of trusted manual review time;

l COSCO Shipping Lines and Shandong Port Group Qingdao Port have cooperated to launch a blockchain paperless import and delivery model, which can save customers nearly 24 hours on average per container;

l Taizhou, Zhejiang uses "materials" The "Internet + Blockchain" recycling system solves the problem of marine pollution control. Compared with traditional processing methods, this recycling system can save 94% of labor costs and 84% of operating costs...

In summary, through the joint action of trust mechanism, sharing mechanism and transaction mechanism, blockchain has formed an obvious substitution effect, improved the operational efficiency of finance, government affairs and various industries, and will Continue to create systemic change. This change is reshaping the relationship between people and machines, people and society, and people and the environment, and clearly points to three ultimate goals: efficiency, well-being, and environmental protection.

III Briefly explain what blockchain is

Blockchain is a term in the field of information technology. In essence, it is a shared database, and the data or information stored in it has the characteristics of "unforgeable", "full traces left", "traceable", "open and transparent" and "collectively maintained". Based on these characteristics, blockchain technology has laid a solid foundation of "trust" and created a reliable "cooperation" mechanism, which has broad application prospects.

On January 10, 2019, the Cyberspace Administration of China issued the "Blockchain Information Service Management Regulations". On October 24, 2019, during the 18th collective study session of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that “blockchain should be used as an important breakthrough for independent innovation of core technologies” and “accelerate the development of blockchain technology and industrial innovation.” . "Blockchain" has entered the public eye and become the focus of society.

On December 2, 2019, the word was selected into the top ten buzzwords of 2019 by "Biwenqiezi".

(3) Blockchain and Virtual Hub Port Extended Reading:

Blockchain Financial Application:

Since 2016, major financial giants have also taken notice of the trend and started to carry out Blockchain innovation project explores the possibility of applying blockchain technology in various financial scenarios. In particular, Puyin Group took the lead in pioneering the “blockchain+” standard digital currency.

The standard digital currency is an asset that has been identified, evaluated, confirmed, insured, etc. by a third-party organization and written into the blockchain through rigorous digital algorithms to form a standard correspondence between the asset and the digital currency. relationship, called a standard digital currency.

In order to realize the great leap forward development of blockchain finance, in order to promote the new development of China's economy, accelerate the circulation of global assets, and realize the dream of rejuvenation that generations of people have been striving for, Puyin Group will Puyin Blockchain Finance Guiyang Strategy Release Ceremony was held in Guizhou on the 9th;

At the meeting, the digital circulation of assets through blockchain, the blockchain financial transaction model, and the relationship between blockchain services and blockchain services will be discussed. The application of social public industries will be discussed. This conference will mark the beginning of the application of blockchain finance and the transformation and development of a new financial ecosystem.

IV What are the public blockchain chains?

Blockchains include public blockchains, joint (industry) blockchains, and private blockchains. Public chain peer-to-peer electronic cash system: Bitcoin, smart contracts and decentralized application platform: Ethereum.

Blockchain is a new application model of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm.

Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database. At the same time, as the underlying technology of Bitcoin, it is a series of cryptographic methods related to each other. Each data block generated contains a batch of Bitcoin network transaction information, which is used to verify the validity of the information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block.

(4) Blockchain and Virtual Hub Port Extended Reading

According to the different degrees of centralization of the blockchain network, there are three types of blockchains in different application scenarios:

1. Blockchains that are open to the entire network and have no user authorization mechanism , called a public chain;

2. Allow authorized nodes to join the network and view information based on permissions. It is often used in inter-organizational blockchains, called alliance chains or industry chains;

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3. All nodes in the network are in the hands of an organization, which is called a private chain.

Consortium chains and private chains are also collectively called permissioned chains, and public chains are called non-permissioned chains.

Blockchain Characteristics

1. Decentralization. Blockchain technology does not rely on additional third-party management agencies or hardware facilities. There is no central control. In addition to the self-contained blockchain itself, it uses distributed computing and storage., each node realizes information self-verification, transmission and management. Decentralization is the most prominent and essential feature of blockchain.

2. Openness. The foundation of blockchain technology is open source. In addition to the private information of the transaction parties being encrypted, the data of the blockchain is open to everyone. Anyone can query the blockchain data and develop related applications through the public interface. Therefore, the entire System information is highly transparent.

3. Independence. Based on consensus specifications and protocols (similar to various mathematical algorithms such as the hash algorithm used by Bitcoin), the entire blockchain system does not rely on other third parties. All nodes can automatically and securely verify and exchange data within the system without the need for any human intervention.

4. Security. As long as you cannot control 51% of all data nodes, you cannot manipulate and modify network data at will. This makes the blockchain itself relatively safe and avoids subjective and artificial data changes.

5. Anonymity. Unless required by legal regulations, technically speaking, the identity information of each block node does not need to be disclosed or verified, and information transfer can be carried out anonymously.

IV What are the future development prospects of Wuhan? The "14th Five-Year Plan" will be Wuhan's golden five years

In the future, competition among cities in our country will become more intense, especially the competition for talents. It can be found that the Wuhan urban circle has taken frequent actions this year. In fact, the urban economic circle has become a new model, and many provinces are trying it. We are still optimistic about Wuhan’s future development prospects. The “14th Five-Year Plan” will be Wuhan’s golden five years.

Source: Wuhan Dacheng Affairs

VI. Focus on the key points! Interpretation of the overall plan for the Beijing Free Trade Zone: Where are the three major areas located

On September 21, the much-anticipated overall plan for the Beijing Free Trade Zone was announced. This is less than 20 days after China announced on September 4 that it supports Beijing in establishing a free trade pilot zone with the main features of scientific and technological innovation, service industry opening, and digital economy. The establishment of the Beijing Free Trade Zone means that Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei have already established Free Trade Pilot Zone.

The overall plan of the China (Beijing) Pilot Free Trade Zone is clear. The implementation scope of the Pilot Free Trade Zone is 119.68 square kilometers, covering three areas: the science and technology innovation area of ​​31.85 square kilometers, and the international business services area. 48.34 square kilometers (including 5.466 square kilometers of Beijing Tianzhu Comprehensive Bonded Zone) and 39.49 square kilometers of high-end industrial area.

In terms of policies and measures, the Beijing Free Trade Zone will support the establishment of private banks that focus on supporting the development of the cultural and creative industries, and explore giving Zhongguancun science and technology enterprises more cross-border financial options; support the Digital Currency Research Institute of the People's Bank of China Establish a financial technology center and build a legal digital currency pilot zone and a digital financial system.

The plan also points out that we will explore the construction of a safe and convenient dedicated international Internet data channel, formulate rules in key areas such as information technology security, data privacy protection, and cross-border data flow, and explore the construction of an international information industry and digital trade port; Encourage moderate competition and improve policies related to duty-free shops; encourage overseasWe will actively study and adjust the current import tax policy to provide further support for the return of foreign cultural relics; promote the coordinated development of Beijing Capital International Airport and Beijing Daxing International Airport to build a world-class aviation hub.

Since the Service Trade Fair, Beijing has successively introduced a number of major measures to expand opening up. Coupled with the blessing of the Beijing Free Trade Zone, what opportunities will Beijing usher in? What specific benefits will the above policies and measures bring to Beijing? Where might the new three major districts be located? 21 reporters will take you to study this overall plan item by item.

Where are the three major areas of implementation?

The implementation scope of the free trade pilot zone is 119.68 square kilometers, covering three areas: 31.85 square kilometers of science and technology innovation area, 48.34 square kilometers of international business services area (including 5.466 square kilometers of Beijing Tianzhu Comprehensive Bonded Zone), high-end industries The area is 39.49 square kilometers.

The development and utilization of the free trade pilot zone must comply with laws and regulations related to land use, ecological environment protection, and planning, comply with land spatial planning, and comply with relevant requirements for economical and intensive land use.

In terms of functional division, the Science and Technology Innovation Zone focuses on the development of new generation information technology, biology and health, science and technology services and other industries, and creates a digital economy pilot zone, a global venture capital center, and a pioneering demonstration zone for science and technology system reform; international The business services area focuses on the development of digital trade, cultural trade, business exhibitions, medical and health, international delivery logistics, cross-border finance and other industries to create a pilot demonstration area for airport economic innovation; the high-end industry area focuses on the development of business services, international finance, cultural creativity, For industries such as biotechnology and general health, we will build a transfer hub for scientific and technological achievements, a strategic emerging industry cluster, and an international high-end functional institution cluster.

Interpretation: Unlike other free trade zones, the three major areas of the Beijing Free Trade Zone have not designated specific locations, but we can get a glimpse of them from their functional positioning and the recently established Beijing Digital Trade Pilot Zone.

For example, the Beijing Digital Trade Pilot Zone will be based on three major areas: the Zhongguancun Software Park National Digital Service Export Base, the Chaoyang Jinzhan International Cooperation Service Zone, and the Daxing Airport Area of ​​the Free Trade Zone.

Li Jun, director of the Institute of International Trade in Services of the Ministry of Commerce Research Institute, told the 21st Century Business Herald that Beijing chose the above three places as a foothold because they each have their own advantages. Among them, the Zhongguancun software information service industry is developed and the concentration of enterprises is high; the Chaoyang Jinzhan area is close to the embassy area and has great potential for foreign-related service trade cooperation; the Daxing area of ​​the Free Trade Zone is close to the airport and has convenient transportation for cross-border e-commerce and other businesses . He believes that the three areas of the digital trade pilot zone are Beijing’s independent exploration, while the authorization of the free trade zone comes from the State Council, but the content of the former may overlap with the latter.

21 predicts that the scientific and technological innovation area of ​​the free trade zone may focus on the Zhongguancun area. As one of the first batch of national digital service export bases, Zhongguancun Software Park has gathered 726 domestic and foreign high-tech companies such as NetEase and Internet. .

The international business service area may focus on the Capital International Airport and Tianjin Airport.The Zhu Comprehensive Bonded Zone and the Jinzhan International Cooperation Service Zone are close to the Capital Airport and the Fourth Embassy District. Zhu Sheng, deputy director of Chaoyang District, Beijing, recently said that this area will focus on service trade and digital trade to create a The special supervision zone has formed a new highland for opening up to the outside world. The Jinzhan area, where the Fourth Embassy District in Beijing is located, will become the second "Sanlitun" in the future. In the future, the Jinzhan International Cooperation Service Zone will build a tax refund and tax-free special consumption center to encourage internationally renowned tax-free Goods dealers open duty-free shops. High-level international schools will also be introduced to establish a more complete international education system with more complete languages.

The high-end industrial area may focus on Daxing Airport, Yizhuang and other places in Nancheng. For example, the relevant person in charge of the Daxing Airport Free Trade Area recently made it clear that in the future, it will build an innovative global digital trade demonstration port and China Digital Trade Lead the base to develop digital services and digital trade such as cross-border e-commerce, digital medical care, and smart logistics, and participate in building a world-leading cross-border e-commerce rule system in areas such as cross-border financial services, electronic certification, and online consumer rights protection.

Establishing private banks that focus on supporting cultural and creative industries

The plan points out that the financial sector will be further opened up. Carry out pilot projects for the integration of local and foreign currencies. Banks in the zone are allowed to issue overseas RMB loans for the RMB bank settlement accounts (NRA accounts) of overseas institutions, research is conducted to promote the integration of domestic securities investment channels for foreign institutional investors, and research is conducted to promote the use of an NRA account by overseas investors to handle domestic securities investment matters. Allow more foreign banks to obtain securities investment fund custody qualifications. Support the establishment of private banks that focus on supporting the development of cultural and creative industries. Encourage qualified Chinese banks to carry out cross-border financial services and support the demand for cross-border financial services with real trade backgrounds. Promote the facilitation of cross-border RMB business and foreign exchange business in key industries. Explore giving Zhongguancun science and technology innovation enterprises more cross-border financial options, independently decide on cross-border financing methods, amounts and timings under the macro-prudential framework, innovate corporate external debt management methods, and gradually realize the external debt project of non-financial enterprises in the Zhongguancun National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone Fully redeemable. Support the establishment of domestic and overseas private equity parallel funds in a market-oriented manner in accordance with laws and regulations. Facilitate qualified private equity and asset management institutions to conduct overseas investments. Support multinational companies to set up qualified investment companies within the country and establish financial companies in compliance with laws and regulations. We will launch a pilot program for one-time registration of external debts of enterprises within the zone, instead of registering them one by one.

Interpretation: In recent years, the financing of domestic cultural and creative industries has continued to decline. Lack of money and difficulty in financing have become the norm in the cultural and creative industries. According to CVSource investment data, the number of financings in the cultural media industry in 2018 was 616. It was down 16% from 2017, and the downward trend continued in 2019.

Behind the "cold winter" of investment in the cultural and creative industries, there are also signs that venture capital funds are accelerating to concentrate on unicorns in the industry. Pan-entertainment industries such as Internet film and television, short videos, paid knowledge, animation and education and sports have attracted much attention from the investment community. The establishment of private banks that focus on supporting the development of cultural and creative industries is undoubtedly based on the financialA new important measure to increase the development of cultural and creative industries in the field.

In 2019, as the national cultural center, Beijing’s cultural industries above designated size achieved revenue of nearly 1.3 trillion yuan, and its industrial added value accounted for nearly 10% of Beijing’s GDP, ranking first in the country. From an overall perspective, Beijing's cultural and creative industries achieved an added value of 357.05 billion yuan in 2016, accounting for 14.3% of the city's GDP. In recent years, Beijing has issued a total of 83 cultural and economic policies of various types, building institutional support for the high-quality development of the cultural industry.

At the recent Service Trade Conference, Beijing issued "18 Policies" ("Several Measures to Accelerate the High-Quality Development of the Core Area of ​​the National Cultural Industry Innovation Experimental Zone") to promote physical projects in the National Cultural and Creative Experimental Zone District, promote the construction of the CBD Cultural Center and the National Cultural and Creative Experimental Zone International Cultural Center to create new cultural landmarks; vigorously support social forces to establish libraries, museums, art galleries, cinemas, physical bookstores, and public reading spaces; implement the "Hundred Cultural Elites" The "English" program has introduced and recognized 100 "cultural elites" talents every year for five consecutive years to provide support and guarantees in key areas such as settlement and entrepreneurship, housing security, medical services, and children's education.

Building a legal digital currency pilot zone

The plan states that it will promote financial technology innovation. Focusing on payment and settlement, registration and custody, credit rating, asset trading, data management and other links, support the implementation of major financial technology projects and support the use of technological means to improve financial infrastructure service levels. Give full play to the role of the financial technology innovation supervision pilot mechanism, and steadily carry out financial technology innovation on the premise that it is conducive to serving the real economy, risks are controllable, and the legitimate rights and interests of consumers are fully protected.

It is worth noting that the plan clearly states that it will support the establishment of a financial technology center by the Digital Currency Research Institute of the People's Bank of China, the construction of a legal digital currency pilot zone and a digital financial system, and rely on the People's Bank of China's trade finance blockchain platform to form a financial technology center. Trade finance blockchain standard system to strengthen regulatory innovation. Build a financial technology application scenario pilot area and establish an application scenario release mechanism.

Interpretation: On September 19, the People's Bank of China's financial magazine "China Finance" published an article "New Opportunities for the Development of China's Legal Digital Currency" in the 17th issue, stating that the People's Bank of China began to regulate legal digital currency in 2014. For research on digital currency, the Digital Currency Research Institute of the People's Bank of China was officially established in January 2017. As of April 2020, the central bank has submitted 22, 65, and 43 patent applications for digital currency and related content, covering the entire process of issuance, circulation, and application of digital currency, forming a complete industrial chain, and has completed technical The reserves are ready for implementation.

The so-called digital currency is cash in digital form. Digital currency, like banknotes, has circulation and payment functions, but it also has controllable anonymity, investment and financing functions. Compared with electronic payments such as Alipay and WeChat, digital currency can also make payments without internet connection or signal. At the same time, if the device allowsIn this case, the payee cannot refuse to accept the digital currency without any reason.

Recently, the Ministry of Commerce issued the "Overall Plan for Comprehensively Deepening the Innovative Development of Service Trade". The plan mentioned that: it will be carried out in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and qualified pilot areas in the central and western regions. Digital RMB pilot.

In recent services trade conferences, digital currency has also become a high-frequency word. For example, on September 6, at the 2020 China International Financial Annual Forum, Yin Yong, member of the Standing Committee of the Beijing Municipal Party Committee and Deputy Mayor, said , it is necessary to give full play to the dual advantages of the Beijing Science and Technology Innovation Center and the National Financial Management Center, highlight the key points of digital economy, digital finance, regulatory technology, etc., carry out in-depth fintech regulatory sandbox pilots, and use scenarios such as the Winter Olympics to develop in cutting-edge areas such as digital currency. Try things first and strive to achieve leading breakthroughs.

Only the day before, Zhao Lei, the mayor of Tongzhou District, also talked about digital currency at the 2020 Global Wealth Management Forum. He pointed out that in April this year, the Beijing Financial Services Leading Group issued the "Work Plan on Building an International Wealth Management Center in the City's Sub-center" in Document No. 1, which clearly gave the sub-center "a global wealth gathering place and an internationally influential center". Wealth Management Center" positioning, and will pilot 27 reform tasks in the frontier areas of wealth management, including new financial licenses, legal digital currencies, and individual tax deferrals for asset management products, in the sub-center.

Industry analysts say that the actual launch of digital currency should still have three stages: comprehensive testing, trial operation and formal operation. Considering that digital currency is the comprehensive digitization of the next generation of RMB and has far-reaching implications, the central bank should launch it cautiously. In response to the launch of digital currency, the central bank disclosed the progress: At present, the research and development work of digital renminbi follows the principles of stability, safety, controllability, innovation and practicality, and is first conducted internally in Shenzhen, Suzhou, Xiongan, Chengdu and future Winter Olympics scenes. Closed pilot testing to test theoretical reliability, system stability, functional availability, process convenience, scenario applicability and risk controllability. Regarding when it will be officially launched, the central bank has repeatedly emphasized that there is no timetable yet.

Exploring the construction of an international information industry and digital trade port

The plan points out that Beijing should enhance the international competitiveness of digital trade. Benchmark the international advanced level, explore digital trade development rules that are in line with national conditions, strengthen cross-border data protection regulatory cooperation, and promote the international mutual recognition of digital certificates and electronic signatures. Explore and formulate rules in key areas such as information technology security, data privacy protection, and cross-border data flows. Explore and create transaction standards such as data rights confirmation, data assets, and data services, as well as service systems such as pricing, settlement, and quality certification for data transaction circulation, and standardize transaction behavior. Explore and carry out digital trade statistical monitoring.

At the same time, encourage the development of new business formats and models in the digital economy. Accelerate the construction of a new generation of information infrastructure and explore the construction of safe and convenient international Internet data dedicated channels. Apply digital technology systems such as blockchain to standardize the implementation of cross-border trade, legal compliance, and technical standards, and ensure paperless, dynamic, and standardized cross-border trade multilateral cooperation. Relying on blockchain technologyApply technology to integrate high-precision manufacturing enterprise information and credit data to create an efficient and convenient customs clearance model. Explore and establish a regulatory mechanism that allows relevant institutions to test new products and new businesses within a controllable range.

In addition, explore the construction of an international information industry and digital trade port. On the premise that risks are controllable, pilot projects will be conducted in areas such as software real-name authentication, data origin label identification, and data product import and export. Build a digital copyright trading platform to promote the development of intellectual property protection and intellectual property financing businesses. Carry out efficient and convenient digital import and export inspections for trade in software and Internet services. Actively explore third-party certification mechanisms for enterprises’ data protection capabilities. Explore and establish a website filing system that meets the needs of overseas customers.

Interpretation: The "Work Plan for Deepening the New Round of Beijing's Comprehensive Pilot Program for Expanding the Opening-up of the Service Industry and Building a Comprehensive Demonstration Zone for Expanding the Opening-up of the Service Industry in Beijing" recently approved by the State Council requires that, based on the Zhongguancun Software Park, promote digital certificates, electronic International mutual recognition of signatures, etc., pilot cross-border data flow, and construction of an international information industry and digital trade port.

This plan also revealed that Beijing will open the domestic Internet virtual private network business to foreign investment (foreign equity ratio shall not exceed 50%), attract overseas telecom operators to establish joint ventures, and provide foreign-invested enterprises in Beijing with services. Domestic Internet virtual private network business. Support the development of Internet of Vehicles (intelligent connected vehicles) and autonomous driving map applications, and the construction of Beijing-Shanghai Internet of Vehicles highways. Explore and establish a website filing system that meets the needs of overseas customers.

In terms of cross-border data flow, Beijing will study the cross-border data flow and data protection capability certification involved in digital service trade, such as commercial presence, cross-border delivery, overseas consumption, and movement of natural persons. Promote the pilot work on cross-border data flow security management.

Li Jun said that the cross-border flow of data is an inevitable trend. However, the supervision of cross-border data flow has not yet taken shape globally. This requires considering national security, personal privacy and other factors to classify data. Classified management, as one of the most developed regions in the digital economy, Beijing is the first to explore the cross-border flow of data and is expected to provide the world with a "Chinese solution."

In addition, it should be noted that according to the newly announced "Beijing Action Plan to Promote the Innovation and Development of Digital Economy (2020-2022)", by 2022, the added value of Beijing's digital economy will account for 10% of regional GDP The proportion has reached 55%. Beijing’s digital economy currently accounts for more than 50% of the city’s GDP.

In an interview with the 21st Century Business Herald, Zhong Zeyu, vice president and secretary-general of the China Association for Trade in Services, pointed out that Beijing is uniquely positioned to develop service trade conditions represented by the digital economy. First of all, Beijing has the highest concentration of scientific research institutes and high-quality talents in the country, with a strong atmosphere of innovation; secondly, science and technology enterprises represented by Zhongguancun are highly concentrated in Beijing, and new business forms and new economies are actively developing; thirdly, Beijing’s financial, medical and , cultural and other service industries are developed; fourthly, as an international exchange center, Beijing has a large number of natural people flowing, whichProviding convenience for cross-border service trade.

Improve policies related to duty-free shops and adjust tariffs on the return of overseas cultural relics

The plan points out that it is necessary to help build an international exchange center. Focus on serving the country's overall diplomacy and continue to improve its service support capabilities for major state events. Encourage the gathering of international organizations. Explore the pilot program of integrating domestic and foreign currency cross-border capital pools, support qualified multinational enterprise groups in centrally carrying out the adjustment and collection of domestic and foreign currency surplus and deficit funds between domestic and foreign members, and implement two-way macro-prudential management of cross-border capital flows. Explore the pilot program integrating consumption and pre-boarding. Encourage moderate competition and improve policies related to duty-free shops.

The plan states that a fully functional group-style exhibition complex will be built around Beijing Capital International Airport. Improve the specifications and level of the China International Fair for Trade in Services and build it into the main platform for international trade in services. Promote the coordinated development of Beijing Capital International Airport and Beijing Daxing International Airport to build a world-class aviation hub.

In addition, high-quality cultural consumption needs must be met. Build an international film, television and animation copyright trading platform, explore the development of cultural intellectual property insurance business, carry out gem and jade trading business, and strengthen the “Belt and Road” cultural exhibition and trading hall. Qualified foreign-funded enterprises are allowed to carry out global cultural art (non-cultural relics) display, auction and trading businesses. Encourage the return of overseas cultural relics, actively study and adjust the current import tax policy, and provide further support. Explore and innovate the guarantee supervision model for international high-end art exhibits in the comprehensive bonded zone.

Interpretation: The "Work Plan for Deepening Beijing's New Round of Comprehensive Pilot Program for Expanding the Opening-up of the Service Industry and Building a Comprehensive Demonstration Zone for the Expansion and Opening-up of the National Service Industry" recently approved by the State Council requires that Wangfujing Pedestrian Street be supported in creating an international consumption environment. and high-quality business environment, and building an international consumption area. Optimize the layout of duty-free shops in the city, coordinate and set up departure pick-up points for duty-free shops in the airport isolation area, and implement policies related to duty-free shops.

On September 18, at the "65th Anniversary Media Communication Conference" held by Wangfujing Group, Du Baoxiang, chairman of Wangfujing Group, revealed that the company plans to open a duty-free, outlet, and shopping complex in Universal Beijing Resort. Du Baoxiang revealed that the company is currently promoting the establishment of airport duty-free shops at Capital International Airport and Beijing Daxing International Airport, and the specific store locations are under negotiation. Its duty-free shops in Beijing are also being planned.

The above work plan also points out that the joint development of Beijing Capital International Airport and Beijing Daxing International Airport will be promoted. Explore port facilitation measures for aircraft maintenance enterprises’ aviation equipment subcontract repair business, and support enterprises in improving their competitiveness in the international aviation equipment maintenance market. Encourage Chinese and foreign airlines to operate international routes, and allow foreign airlines to operate at "two venues" at Beijing Capital International Airport and Beijing Daxing International Airport. Build an international air cargo system, formulate policies to promote the development of air cargo in Beijing, and support the expansion of cargo air rights. Optimize and improve cargo infrastructure and equipment, and encourage airlines to deploy cargo fleets at Beijing Daxing International Airport. CompleteThe air port function improves high-end logistics capabilities and expands import functions such as complete vehicles and parallel imported cars.

Reducing the tax rate on the import of cultural relics will be conducive to the return of overseas cultural relics. At the end of last year, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage made it clear that it would strive to further reduce the tax rate on the import of cultural relics, further promote the reduction of tariffs on cultural relics less than 100 years old, and promote the reduction of postal taxes and value-added tax rates on the import of cultural relics. Several adjustments to tax policies have reduced the import tax burden on cultural relics and artworks, which is conducive to encouraging individuals and companies to bring cultural relics into the country for collection, display and trade.

In recent years, my country has made many adjustments to import tax rates. In terms of personal postal tax, the tax rate has been reduced twice since 2018, with the tax rate on stamps, artworks, and collectibles reduced from 25% to 20%. Tariffs and import value-added tax rates have also been continuously reduced. The tariff rate for oil paintings, pastel paintings and other original hand paintings, original engravings, printed paintings, lithographs, and original sculptures of various materials has been reduced from 12% to 1%. The import of cultural relics The standard rate of link value-added tax was reduced from 16% to 13%.