区块链可以分为几种类型,区块链可以分为几种模式

① Classification of blockchain

Currently, blockchain is divided into three categories, among which hybrid blockchain and private blockchain can be regarded as: generalized private chain, public chain Blockchain public blockchain. This means that any individual or group in the world can send transactions, the transactions can be effectively confirmed by the blockchain, and anyone can participate in its consensus process. Public blockchain is currently the earliest blockchain and the most widely used blockchain. Each virtual digital currency of the Bitcoin series is based on a public blockchain, and there is only one blockchain in the world corresponding to this currency.
Extended information
1. Industrial blockchain industry blockchains: multiple pre-selected nodes in the group are designated as bookkeepers, and the generation of each block is jointly decided by all pre-selected nodes (pre-selected nodes participate in the consensus process), others Access nodes can participate in transactions but do not interfere with the accounting process (essentially, it is managed bookkeeping, but it becomes distributed bookkeeping). How many pre-selected nodes and how to determine the bookkeeper for each block becomes the main risk point of the blockchain ), anyone else can make limited queries through the blockchain’s open API. Private Blockchain Private Blockchain ((privateblockchains)): Only the general ledger technology of the blockchain is used for accounting. It can be a blockchain with exclusive written permission from a company or individual. This chain is not much different from other distributed storage solutions. At present (December 2015), conservative giants (traditional finance) want to try private blockchains, while the applications of public chains, such as Bitcoin, have been industrialized, and the application products of private chains are still being explored. Blockchain is a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithms. Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. Essentially, it is a decentralized database.
2. At the same time, as the underlying technology of Bitcoin, it is a series of data blocks associated with encryption methods. Each data block contains a batch of Bitcoin network transaction information, verify the validity of its information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block. In fact, the word blockchain does not appear in the original English Bitcoin white paper, but appears in blockchain. In the earliest Bitcoin white paper, blockchain was translated as blockchain. This is the time when the Chinese word "blockchain" first appeared. The Cyberspace Administration of China issued the "Blockchain Information Service Management Regulations" on January 10, 2019, which came into effect on February 15, 2019. In a narrow sense, a blockchain is a chained data structure that combines data blocks in chronological order, and a tamper-proof and forgery-proof distributed ledger guaranteed by cryptography. Broadly speaking, blockchain technology is a new distributed infrastructure and computing method that uses blockchain data structures to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithms to generate and update data, and uses cryptography to Ensure the security of data transmission and access, using smart contracts composed of automated script code to program and operate data.

② Blockchain, 4 types, how much do you know

——Hello, I am mentality, focusing on sharing my understanding of blockchain and investment thinking. hope this helps.

Based on different usage requirements and scenarios, blockchain is divided into 4 types: public chain, alliance chain, private chain and hybrid chain.

1. Public chain

Public chain means that anyone at any node in the world and at any geographical location can enter the system to read data, send transactions, and compete. Blockchain that participates in consensus such as accounting. No institution or individual can tamper with the data in it, so the public chain is completely decentralized.

Bitcoin and Ethereum are both representatives of public chains. Public chains generally encourage participants to compete for accounting (i.e. mining) by issuing tokens to ensure data security and consensus updates.

Bitcoin generates one block every 10 minutes on average, and its POW mechanism is difficult to shorten the block time. The POS mechanism can shorten the block time relatively speaking, but it is more likely to cause forks. So the transaction needs to wait for more confirmations before it is considered safe.

It is generally believed that a block in Bitcoin is secure enough after 6 confirmations, which takes about an hour. Such a confirmation speed is difficult to meet commercial-level applications. Therefore, public chains such as ETH and EOS that support more writing speeds are constantly developing.

2. Alliance chain

Alliance chain refers to a blockchain that is jointly participated and managed by several institutions, with each institution running N nodes.

The data of the alliance chain only allows different institutions in the system to read, write and trade. The PKI-based identity management system transactions or proposals are initiated through digital certificates and are verified by the joint signature of the participants. A consensus is reached, so there is no need for proof of work (POW), and there is no digital currency (token), which improves the efficiency of transaction completion and saves a lot of computing costs (computing hardware investment and electricity energy consumption).

Normally, nodes participating in the alliance chain will be divided into different read and write permissions, which can support more than 1,000 data writes per second.

3. Private chain

Unlike the public chain, which is completely decentralized, the private chain’s access rights are controlled by an organization, and the participation qualifications of each node are controlled by the organization. Authorization control.

Since the participating nodes are limited and controllable, private chains often have fast processing speeds and can support more than 1,000 data writes per second, while reducing the transaction costs of internal nodes.

Nodes can participate under real names and therefore have financial attributes to confirm identity. The value of the private chain is mainly to provide a safe, traceable, non-tamperable, and automatically executed computing platform that can be used at the same time.It prevents data security attacks or tampering from both internal and external sources, which is difficult to achieve in traditional systems.

The application scenarios of private chains are generally within enterprises, such as inventory management of branches, summary statistics of data from various places, etc. It can also be used in areas that can be supervised by the public, such as government budgeting and execution. Large financial groups are also currently inclined to use private chain technology.

4. Hybrid chain

When the respective advantages of public and private chains are combined, a hybrid chain will appear. The development of hybrid chains is difficult, but the prospects are broad.

In the future market, there will definitely be giant companies that develop underlying technologies and protocols. These giant companies will set up public chains, private chains or alliance chains for different purposes, based on performance and security. and the different needs of application scenarios, and then grafted on applications in different industries. For example, a communication public chain that supports high concurrency, a payment alliance chain that focuses on security, etc.

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③ What are the types of blockchain?

The currently known classification of blockchain technology Jinwowo Group believes that it can be roughly divided into three major categories:
1 -Public blockchain: refers to a blockchain that anyone can read, send transactions to confirm validity, and anyone can participate in its consensus process to jointly maintain the security, transparency, and non-tamperability of public blockchain data .
2-Community blockchain: Also known as alliance chain, it means that participating blockchain nodes are selected in advance, and there are usually good network connections and other cooperative relationships between nodes;
3-Private block Chain: The participating nodes have only a limited scope, and the access and use of data are subject to strict permission management. Write permissions are only in the hands of participants, and read permissions can be opened to the outside world.

④ What is the difference between blockchain and public chain, private chain, and alliance chain?

Blockchain is strictly defined into three types: public chain, private chain, and Alliance chain. The core difference between these three types of blockchains is the degree of openness of access rights, or the degree of decentralization. Generally speaking, the higher the degree of decentralization, trust and security, the lower the transaction efficiency.

In general, each type of blockchain has its own specific model and value. It cannot be said which one is better. As long as whoever solves the needs is valuable.

⑤ Chain classification of blockchain

Two days ago, a friend asked many questions about blockchain on WeChat. One of the questions is How to classify this chain of blockchain. Blockchain can currently be divided into four categories: public chain, private chain, alliance chain and side chain. Beijing Muqi Mobile Technology Co., Ltd., a professional blockchain outsourcing development company, welcomes discussions for cooperation. Let’s take you through the characteristics of each of these blockchain chains and how toWhat application, I hope it will be helpful to everyone.

1. Public chain - everyone can participate

Public chain means that anyone can read it, anyone can send transactions, and transactions can be effectively confirmed A blockchain in which anyone can participate in the consensus process.

The public chain adopts the proof-of-work mechanism (POW), proof-of-stake mechanism (POS), and share authorization proof mechanism (DPOS), and combines economic rewards and encrypted digital verification. And establish a principle that the economic rewards that each person can obtain are proportional to the workload. These blockchains are often considered to be completely decentralized.

Features:

1. Open source, because the operating rules of the entire system are open and transparent, this system is an open source system; 2. Protect users from the influence of developers, in the public domain Program developers in the chain have no right to interfere with users, so the blockchain can protect users who use the programs they develop; 3. The access threshold is low and anyone with sufficient technical capabilities can access it, that is, as long as there is a computer that can connect to the Internet Computers can meet the access conditions; 4. All data is public by default, although all associated participants hide their true identities. This phenomenon is very common. They generate their own security through their public nature, where every participant can see all account balances and all their transaction activity.

Case: There are many familiar figures in the public chain: BTC, ETH, EOS, AE, ADA, etc.

2. Private chain - rights are in the hands of a few people

A private chain refers to a blockchain whose write permission is only in the hands of one organization. Read permissions are either open to the public or arbitrarily restricted. Relevant applications include database management, auditing, and even a company. Although in some cases it is desirable to have public auditability, in many cases public readability is not necessary.

Features:

1. Fast transaction speed. The transaction speed of a private chain can be faster than any other blockchain, or even close to not being a blockchain. the speed of a regular database. This is because even a small number of nodes have a high degree of trust, and each node does not need to verify a transaction. 2. Good privacy, giving better privacy protection The private chain makes the data privacy policy on that blockchain exactly the same as in another database; there is no need to deal with access permissions and use all the old methods, but at least it says , this data is not publicly available to anyone with an internet connection. 3. Low transaction costs. Transaction costs are significantly reduced or even zero. Transactions can be carried out completely free or at least very cheaply on the private chain. If an entity controls andhandle all transactions, then they no longer need to charge fees for their work.

Case: The Linux Foundation, the R3CEV Corda platform, and the Gem Health network’s Hyperledger project are either developing or using private chains.

3. Alliance chain - partial decentralization

The degree of openness and decentralization of the alliance chain is limited. The participants are screened out in advance or designated directly. The read permission of the database may be public, or it may be limited to the participants of the system like the write permission.

Features:

1. Low transaction costs, transactions only need to be verified by a few trusted high-computing nodes without the need for confirmation by the entire network; 2. Nodes Easy to connect, if something goes wrong, the consortium chain can be quickly repaired through manual intervention, and allows the use of consensus algorithms to reduce block times, thereby completing transactions faster; 3. Flexible, if necessary, run a private blockchain community or Companies can easily modify the rules of this blockchain, revert transactions, modify balances, etc.

Case: Ripple has established an alliance chain for international remittances between Japan and South Korea and inter-bank remittances in Japan. At the same time, Xunlei Link, which has been popular for a while, is also a semi-open alliance chain.

4. Side chain - extended protocol

Strictly speaking, "side chain" is not a blockchain itself, but can be understood as an extension of the blockchain. Protocol. The early "side chain" was to solve the limitations of Bitcoin blockchain technology. Side chains are like pathways that connect different blockchains to each other to achieve the expansion of the blockchain. Side chains Completely independent of the Bitcoin blockchain, but the two ledgers can "interoperate" and interact.

Features:

1. Independence, side chain The advantage of the architecture is that the code and data are independent, which does not increase the burden on the main chain and avoid excessive data expansion. The side chain has an independent blockchain, an independent trustee or witness, and an independent node network, that is, a The blocks generated by the side chain will only be broadcast among all nodes where the side chain is installed. 2. Flexibility. All blockchain parameters of the side chain can be customized, such as block intervals and block rewards. , the whereabouts of transaction fees, etc., advanced users can also modify the consensus algorithm.

Case: LSK, RDN, ARDR and other currencies use side chain technology.

For the current As far as the entire digital currency field is concerned, this year may still be a competition for the underlying public chain projects. The reason is that the current public chain as the infrastructure of the blockchain still has obvious shortcomings, and it is still unable to achieve truesafe, reliable and efficient. This also obviously restricts the development of the entire blockchain industry.

⑥ Blockchain types can be basically divided into

Blockchains can be divided into main chains and test chains.
When talking about the prospects of blockchain, people will list how it can change finance, current energy, retail, culture, social networking, games, the Internet of Things, etc. However, the meaning of blockchain’s existence is to continuously empower the real economy. It can continuously drive the development of the real economy and promote the development of the digital economy. For this ideal, Lianxin will forge ahead and never forget the original intention of Zhenxing, so that Yuanlvzai can always succeed.

⑦ What are the classifications and applications of blockchain projects

From the current mainstream blockchain projects, blockchain projects mainly fall into four categories: Category 1: Coin Category; second category: platform category; third category: application category; fourth category: asset tokenization.

Coins mainly serve as the "medium of exchange" in the field of blockchain assets. The medium of exchange refers to general equivalents, such as gold and silver notes in the past. (Trade blockchain assets on "Bihui Exchange")

Platform projects refer to the establishment of technology platforms to meet the development of various blockchain applications, which can reduce the cost of developing applications on the blockchain. threshold.

The scope of application projects is relatively wide, covering many fields such as finance, social networking, games, property rights protection, etc. It is also the fastest growing field of blockchain assets.

The asset tokenization project refers to the blockchain mapping of physical assets, that is, the physical assets are put on the chain. Currently, there are no more than 10 varieties.

01 Currency

The first category is currency projects, which are also the earliest blockchain projects. Currency projects mainly include projects such as Bitcoin and Litecoin. In addition, there is another type of asset that has the characteristics of anonymity. Its main functions include realizing payment while protecting the privacy of both parties. The well-known ones include Dash, Monero and Big Zero that use zero-knowledge proof. Coin (Zcash), etc. Currency mainly serves as the "medium of exchange" in the blockchain asset field. The medium of exchange is the general equivalent that you use to exchange for goods. For example, in the past, gold, silver, and banknotes could be used as media of exchange. There are currently more than 2,100 types of digital assets in the world, and the number of currency blockchain projects has grown rapidly recently. As of June 2018, Bitcoin still has the largest market value.

02 Platform Category

The second category is platform blockchain projects. The main function of platform blockchain projects is to establish a technology platform to meet the needs of various blockchain application development. The required technical requirements; simply put, platform applications allow developers to directly issue digital assets on the blockchain, write smart contracts, etc. A smart contract is a computer program that runs on a blockchain database and can be automatically executed under conditions set by its source code.

For example, if you develop a smart contract based on a house rental agreement on the blockchain, when the owner receives the rent, it will trigger automatic execution and give the apartment's security key to the tenant.

Platform blockThe main function of the chain project is to establish an underlying technology platform to allow developers to develop applications on the underlying technology platform. A considerable number of platforms are still under development. As of June 2018, the largest market value is Ethereum.

03 Application Category

The third category is application blockchain projects. Application projects are developed based on blockchain development platforms (such as Ethereum) and can solve various problems in the real economy. Blockchain projects that address many issues in the field.

For example, the blockchain-based prediction platform Augur, the blockchain-based computing power trading platform Golem, the blockchain-based luxury traceability platform VeChain, and the blockchain-based asset exchange and transfer services OmiseGo. Using blockchain technology, these projects can better solve trust issues, cross-border circulation and other issues. At the same time, using smart contracts and tokens on the blockchain, automatic execution can be better realized, greatly improving the efficiency of social and economic activities. efficiency. The scope of applied blockchain projects is relatively wide, covering many fields such as finance, social networking, games, property rights protection, etc. It is also the field where the market value of blockchain projects is increasing the fastest.

04 Asset Tokenization

The fourth category is asset tokenization blockchain projects. Asset tokenization refers to linking blockchain assets to physical assets such as gold and U.S. dollars. , is a blockchain mapping of physical assets. As of February 2018, there are no more than 10 varieties. The more typical representatives are USDT, which is benchmarked against the US dollar, and Digix Dao, which is benchmarked against gold. Each DigixDAO token represents 1 gram of London gold. Silver Market Association certified gold. Asset tokenization has the advantages of convenient transactions and safekeeping. First, asset tokenization makes transactions easier. Because blockchain assets can be split, they have better liquidity.

For example, currently the real estate needs to be transferred as a whole. If the real estate can be tokenized, it can be purchased in pieces, making transactions more convenient. Secondly, tokenization of physical assets is more conducive to safekeeping. In physical transactions such as gold, it is easy to cause wear and tear and cause losses. However, after tokenization of physical assets, there is no need for physical transfer, which is more conducive to the custody of physical assets.

⑧ What are the technical classifications of blockchain?

1. Public chain has no official organization or management agency, no central server, and participating nodes are free to access the blockchain in accordance with system rules. It enters the network without control, and the nodes work based on the consensus mechanism. (Subversive: absolutely credible and open)
Typical case: Digital currency represents Bitcoin
2. Private chain, established within a group, the operating rules of the system are set, modified or modified according to the requirements of the group Read permissions are subject to certain restrictions, while retaining the authenticity and partial decentralization of the blockchain. (Relatively trustworthy and public)
Typical case: R3
3. Alliance chain, jointly initiated by several institutions, is between the public chain and the private chain, and has the characteristics of partial decentralization. The read permission on the district fast chain may be public.It may also be partially public, that is to say, multiple pre-selected nodes are internally designated as bookkeepers, and the pre-selected people compete for the book-keeping authority. Other access nodes can participate in transactions, but do not interfere with the book-keeping process. (The abilities of the pre-selected candidates cannot be uneven). ?
(relatively credible and public)
Existing cases: Hyperledger
Example: ?Take loan diversion as an example, when the user jumps to the other party’s webpage through our link to register, The docking party can choose to lie and say that it has not received the user's registration request. But if we put the user registration behavior on the block, if the docking party wants to receive the user registration behavior, it must pay us at the same time when receiving it.