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❶ [One of the top ten blockchain government cases] Ant Blockchain-Hangzhou Internet Court Judicial Chain Case

According to Hangzhou Daily, September 18, 2018 , Hangzhou Internet Court announced that the judicial blockchain was officially launched online, becoming the first court in the country to apply blockchain technology to resolve disputes. The judicial blockchain makes the entire process of electronic data generation, storage, dissemination, and use trustworthy.
Plaintiffs can submit electronic evidence such as contracts, rights protection processes, and service process details online through the online complaint portal, which will be submitted by notary offices, judicial appraisal centers, CA/RA institutions, courts, Ant Financial and other on-chain nodes. Joint witness and joint endorsement provide one-stop service for the prosecutor. The judicial chain has greatly reduced the cost of offline evidence storage and collection, and improved the efficiency of the judgment process, thus enabling many cases that were previously unworthy of prosecution due to the high cost of rights protection to be able to achieve better rights protection through the blockchain; Judicial The chain solves the problem of low judicial service efficiency, realizes the integration and sharing of judicial data, and breaks down data silos; the judicial chain promotes the construction of a social credit system, reduces judicial costs, uses technology as an engine, promotes innovative development, and leads the transformation, upgrading and reduction of judicial services.

Citing the analysis of the "Blockchain Judicial Evidence Application White Paper" from the Trusted Blockchain Promotion Plan, with the rapid advancement of informatization, a large amount of evidence in litigation is presented in the form of electronic data. The specific manifestations of electronic evidence in judicial practice are becoming increasingly diverse, and the frequency of use and data volume of electronic data storage have increased significantly. Different types of electronic evidence are formed in different ways, but they generally have the characteristics of being easy to perish, easily tampered with, and highly dependent on technology. Compared with traditional physical evidence, it is more difficult to determine the authenticity, legality, and relevance of electronic evidence in judicial review. .

In judicial practice, parties generally lack the ability to produce evidence, and the electronic evidence provided to the court is of poor quality. There are a large number of problems such as improper evidence collection procedures, incomplete evidence, and poor pointing to the facts of the case, which directly affects the electronic evidence. The proportion of evidence admitted in litigation.

The traditional storage method of electronic evidence is essentially a centralized storage method, which may easily cause the storage data to be lost or be compromised. .

At the same time, electronic data relies on electronic media for storage. For storage security, multiple backups and other methods are often needed. In addition, electronic media have a long service life, which makes storage costs higher.

(2) Problems in evidence collection

Currently, when some locally generated electronic data is collected for evidence, the originals are intelligently retained in the device that generated the electronic data, and the original evidence and Devices are indivisible. Once the original evidence leaves the device, it becomes a copy and cannot become the basis for a final verdict. This results in many limitations in litigation cases.

In addition, the Internet software service provider cannot give a definite answer as to whether the so-called original is the real, original and complete data at the time when the time occurred. It is also doubtful whether the evidence obtained is the original.

(3) Problems in demonstration

Electronic data display and fixation are important aspects of data use. Since electronic data exists in the form of electronic information stored in electronic hardware, To obtain its content, you need to use responsive software to read and display it, which makes it difficult to demonstrate. It may also increase the burden of proof on the parties due to the need for notarization, and waste social judicial resources.

(4) Issues in Evidence

In litigation, both parties will submit their own electronic data as evidence. When the parties individually control their own data, it is easy for the evidence submitted by both parties to be inconsistent or even contradictory. In the absence of other supporting evidence, it is very difficult to determine the authenticity of the evidence, and the electronic data submitted by both parties cannot be used as the basis for deciding the case. In this situation where the facts of the case cannot be determined, the judge is likely to have to rely on assigning the burden of proof to decide the case. The general principle of allocating the burden of proof is that whoever makes the claim must provide evidence. If he cannot provide evidence, he will bear the consequences of losing the case. In this case, a party that actively tamperes with its own data can benefit from this burden of proof arrangement.

(5) Problems in evidence identification

All evidence "must be verified to be true before it can be used as the basis for finalizing a case", which is the most important and universal evidence in the world. One of the principles of justice. The identification of evidence is usually a process of identifying the "three properties" of evidence, namely the authenticity, legality and relevance of the evidence. Electronic data used as evidence also needs to pass the "three characteristics" judgment. Due to the large amount of data, strong real-time nature of electronic data, high storage costs, and difficulty in identifying original documents, it is still difficult to identify the "three properties" of evidence. Electronic data often cannot support the case because it is difficult to identify, which is detrimental to the case. Both the judge and the parties caused greater pressure.

Quoting from the sharing by Li Zhiguo, head of Ant Financial’s judicial evidence deposit products, titled “Ant Blockchain’s Exploration in the Field of Judicial Evidence”, he believes that in the past 20 years, the Internet industry has The key word is connection. In the PC Internet era, terminals were connected through PC interconnection. At that time, companies that discovered this trend seized huge business opportunities such as portals and search engines. In 2013, we entered the era of mobile Internet. In this era, many smart terminals and personal devices are connected together through the mobile Internet. The number of terminal devices and online time have been greatly improved. Those who seized the opportunity at this stage created super applications such as Weibo, WeChat, and Alipay. A very important change that we are currently paying attention to is that as the connection changes continue to expand, the connection quality has also undergone very large changes. This is called the second curve. The original connectionThe object was information, which is now likely to be an asset.

So what is the difference between assets and information? There are three main differences.

First, assets are unique, while information can be copied infinitely. In the Internet era, the cost of information transmission can be minimized through copying. However, when the connected object is an asset, there is a fatal flaw, that is, it cannot be transmitted through copying. After the asset is given to a person, It cannot be given to anyone else.

The second point is that assets are more fragile and precious than information. Assets are money. In the process of information digitization, it is easy to put information on the Internet, but for assets, this does not work, because behind the assets are real interests.

The third point: Compared with assets and information, assets have very high security requirements, and many problems must be faced, including hackers, competitor attacks, fraud, etc., these are linked assets issues that need resolving. This is the third difference between assets and information. If there is a dispute over assets, they need to be resolved. In reality, it can be resolved by the court, but if it is on the Internet, it is difficult to deal with it.

The three characteristics of assets mentioned above are difficult to solve through traditional Internet methods. At the same time, the development of the Internet has made people lazier and lazier. If 10 years ago, many people could accept that asset connection would take a long time, but now it is difficult for people to accept it. For example, in order to sign a contract, it takes two to three days. It takes weeks to mail, and it costs a lot to go in and out of many traditional institutions frequently in order to make a cross-border payment. And compared with the connection methods 20 years ago, the current Internet connection is much more difficult, because many people find that after information is connected, the data becomes very valuable. What to do if it is valuable? The only way is to sink the value. When it sinks, it becomes a deep well of value. The larger the scale, the deeper the value. At the same time, another problem will be formed called data island. These issues need to be considered and resolved by the judicial chain.

Now, the court is standing at a historical opportunity node and has the opportunity to become a basic component of data generation and completion of connections. Disputes will inevitably occur over assets, and after a dispute occurs, the court will conduct a full-link review. This is a unique value, the value of the last mile of the Internet. By connecting assets, breaking data islands and value wells, this is the real value completion. This model actually belongs to small and medium-sized enterprises, including For individual users, the above is the value basis of the judicial chain.

If there is an island of value and it needs to be connected, there must be various connection methods. There are four main ways to connect.

The first is not to connect. , put it in the bank safeinside;

The second way is a bad connection, that is, through technological leadership and inequality, and through hacking technology to deprive the ownership of data assets. When there is no legal connection, a bad connection will inevitably Exist;

The third type is a connection that seems to be a good one, but is actually a fragile connection. Now there are many ways of connection, which have certain advantages when the market situation is relatively good and the bubble is relatively large. market, but it will break once it encounters real value;

The fourth type is the judicial chain, which can be summarized in 15 words, that is, the whole process is recorded, the whole link is credible, and the whole node witnesses.

How can the judicial chain be technically credible and institutionally credible at a low cost?

First of all, the first problem is that assets are fragile, so when connecting assets, they must have the basic characteristics of real security. Security includes privacy protection, which is not a simple matter. The first day Alipay was born started with secured transactions, solving the problem of the authenticity of previous transactions between buyers and sellers. Later, based on Alipay, Sesame Credit was proposed, and many Everyone has Zhima Credit points, and through past credit records, big data and artificial intelligence are provided as a reference for whether the user can fulfill the contract, making real security a step further. Next comes the blockchain. The blockchain provides a very important capability, that is, the truth cannot be tampered with, which makes trust a big step forward in the level of real security. Therefore, the first problem solved by the judicial chain is to ensure that the bottom connector is real and safe when connecting assets. This real safety is not something you talk about in words, nor is it a technology in a laboratory, but a technology in a laboratory. It has been recognized by users, tested by the market and tested by large-scale business volume.

The second question is very critical. When everyone is connected through a real and secure connector, once the data assets are compromised, how to deal with disputes? The judicial blockchain has been moving in this direction in the past two years. By bringing notary offices, judicial appraisal centers, and courts to the bottom of the judicial chain, the data is authenticated accordingly, ensuring that once a dispute arises about data assets, it can be dealt with fairly and effectively. This is a very powerful system, which is the fundamental reason why the judicial chain is the real solution to the last mile problem of the Internet. So far, the judicial chain has ensured technical credibility and institutional credibility.

The third problem is that in the interconnection of assets, the cost of connection cannot be too high. Users have developed the habit of obtaining countless information with just a click of the mouse and a search button. Blockchain has been popular for many years, but so far there are less than 20 million real users, and the daily activity is very low. The first reason is that it is too difficult to use, and the second reason is that the cost of use is too high. Therefore, when connecting assets, it must be very simple, very easy to use, and low cost. Just like Alipay’s most openWhen doing real-name authentication, the user's payment can be quickly completed through face scanning, and the security level is very high. Therefore, real connectors must have the characteristics of low cost and high applicability.

The judicial chain has achieved technical credibility and institutional credibility, and the cost of connection is not high, opening a new era of blockchain for asset connection.

The Hangzhou Internet Court’s judicial blockchain makes the entire process of electronic data generation, storage, dissemination, and use trustworthy. Through the overall complete structure, it can solve the entire life cycle of electronic data generation, storage, dissemination, and use on the Internet, especially the whole-process trust issue at the generation end.

The blockchain consists of a three-layer structure:

1). The first is the blockchain program. Users can directly record the entire process of operation behavior in the blockchain through the program. , such as online submission of electronic evidence such as electronic contracts, rights protection processes, service process details;

2), The second is the full-link capability layer of the blockchain, which mainly provides real-name authentication, electronic signature, time Stamping, data storage and trusted services throughout the blockchain process;

3), the third is the judicial alliance layer, which uses blockchain technology to integrate notary offices, CA/RA institutions, forensic identification centers and The courts are connected together in the alliance chain, and each unit becomes a node on the chain.

The electronic evidence platform launched on the judicial chain of Hangzhou Internet Court directly establishes a special data channel between evidence and trial, making the collection, fixation, transmission and use of evidence more convenient and efficient.

In the past, when going to the Internet Court for litigation, evidence was submitted electronically and then uploaded to the "Hangzhou Internet Court Litigation Platform" (www.netcourt.gov.cn). For example, notarized documents are usually uploaded by scanning. The electronic evidence platform launched today first has a long "tentacle", and it can achieve seamless connection with other electronic data, such as notary offices. Then the notarized documents can be uploaded to the electronic evidence platform with one click and used directly as litigation evidence. For example, in transaction disputes involving e-commerce platforms such as Taobao and JD.com, mutual financial platforms, and wealth management platforms, third-party data service providers (such as operator platforms, electronic contracting platforms, and certificate depository institution platforms) can also directly transmit electronic data. The electronic evidence platform effectively solves the difficulties faced by parties in collecting electronic data evidence on their own and greatly saves the economic and energy costs of producing and cross-examining evidence in court trials.

The "electronic" evidence that was originally just scanned or typed has truly transformed into "electronic evidence". Through the third-party storage platform, "electronic data" is easily lost and tampered with. The magic spell forms a unique “data ID card” that cannot be tampered with, and is synchronized and backed up to the electronic evidence platform in real time. After entering the litigation process, the "data identity" that has been saved on the electronic evidence platform"Evidence" will also be automatically compared with the original text of the electronic data to determine whether the electronic evidence has been tampered with later, thereby ensuring the authenticity of the electronic evidence.

These electronic data have coded ID cards, that is, It becomes the "elements" of each case. The platform classifies these elements and then matches them to each case. In this way, the system automatically matches the elements, that is, imports electronic evidence into each case, forming a system that automatically files cases without a judge. We It is conceivable that case filing speeds of tens or hundreds per minute will soon be achieved.

Finally, when these evidences become electronic data and are stored on the platform, in addition to the Hangzhou Internet Court, during the case hearing process, In addition to the judicial use of this platform, other relevant institutions (such as other people's courts, judicial appraisal institutions, notary institutions, and filing institutions with permission) can obtain relevant evidence from the platform in accordance with procedures, and the co-construction and sharing of resource data can also will be achieved.

Taking the Shanghai Pudong Notary Office’s data storage platform that has opened up the Hangzhou Mutual Judicial Chain as an example, we will introduce the complete closed-loop process from the data protection platform to judicial litigation.

1 , register the business platform and perform real-name authentication

A design company, Enterprise A, opens the Shanghai Pudong Notary Office data storage and certification platform page, and completes real-name identity authentication after registration.

2. Original data storage Certificate

When Design Company A completes the design of a work and archives the original work data, it initiates a remote certificate call interface through its own business system and calls the RESTful API of the notary office's data certificate platform. Complete the storage of the design work file HASH and related elements. The storage certificate will also be sent to the Judicial Blockchain, Pudong Notary Chain and China Time Service Center simultaneously. After all are successful, a certificate of storage with the corresponding LOGO will be obtained. Through each The HASH fingerprint data of the work file that is completely consistent with the chain and platform shows the validity and non-tamperability of this deposit.

5. Log in to Hangzhou Court to submit a complaint and verify the legality of the evidence

Judicial Chain is a specific application case of Ant Blockchain BaaS. Ant Blockchain BaaS (Blockchain as a Service) is an open "Blockchain as a Service" platform based on the Ant Financial Alliance blockchain technology and Alibaba Cloud. It outputs blockchain as a cloud service, supports numerous business scenarios and on-chain data traffic, and is the foundation of industry blockchain solutions. Ant Blockchain BaaS is committed to building an open and collaborative platform for Provide convenient services to businesses and individuals around the world.

The picture above is the product map of Ant Blockchain, in which the technical architecture of BaaS is mainly divided into three layers:

1. The bottom layer is BaaS Core

The BaaS Core layer is based on A cloud resource management platform that provides flexible support for hosts and containers, enabling convenient cross-platform operation and deployment. For trusted hardware, Alibaba Cloud's Shenlong server provides corresponding hardware services and can provide a trusted execution environment with high reliability and high privacy protection. In addition to the certificate deposit platform and smart contract platform, heterogeneous chain cross-chain services will be launched soon on the basis of homogeneous chain cross-chain services. In the current market, a single chain or a single chain has its own limitations. In the future, cross-chain technology will become a very important part of establishing trust infrastructure and a mutual trust ecosystem. At present, the BaaS platform has achieved internal interconnection through cross-chain services. It can also access trusted data sources on the external Internet through smart contracts and cross-chain services. In addition, BaaS Core has corresponding functions and support for other basic capabilities, such as alliance management, security and privacy, certificate key management, etc. While providing the self-developed Ant blockchain system, the BaaS platform also supports open source systems to better meet the diverse needs of customers, including enterprise Ethereum Quorum and Hyperledger Fabric.

2. The upper layer is BaaS Plus

The BaaS Plus layer encapsulates and services the underlying services and capabilities, and opens them into standardized interfaces to provide partners with access and use. This can greatly reduce customers' investment in basic resources and significantly shorten the time it takes to access services. So far, the platform has launched services such as trusted certificate deposit, universal traceability, real person certification, and enterprise certification, and will gradually launch more services in the future.

3. The top layer is the BaaS Marketplace and solutions

Ant’s many partners can provide their capabilities in the marketplace. At the same time, practical applications implemented in different scenarios will precipitate a set of standard application solution templates, making it easier for customers to learn from the platform capabilities of other similar scenarios in their own applications. The Pudong Notary Office data storage platform can become a member of the BaaS Marketplace.

1. Account system

All transaction operations on Ant Blockchain are carried out around the account system, so before sending and executing transactions, you need to ensure that you have created a corresponding transaction in Ant Blockchain account, and then you can use the created account to submit transactions, and you can also complete modifications to the relevant account configuration based on the account structure.

The specific account data structure model fields and descriptions are as follows:

Among them, the account contains three types of keys:

The Ant Blockchain is implemented by decoupling the account and the key, which to a certain extent prevents the loss of on-chain data caused by the loss of the key. and other safety hazards. The main account operations supported by Ant Blockchain include:

2. Privacy protection

Ant Blockchain supports the privacy protection capabilities of sensitive account information data by introducing some features of cryptography. , by extending the relevant command functions at the smart contract level to realize the encrypted storage and addition and subtraction operations of the amount in the smart contract. Only individuals who obtain a valid key can decrypt the sensitive data in the smart contract and view the original amount information.

At present, the cryptographic features introduced by Ant Blockchain include zero-knowledge proof, that is, by introducing zero-knowledge proof, the legality of the transfer amount can be proved under the condition of encrypted ciphertext.

3. Cross-chain services

Ant Blockchain cross-chain service is an on-chain data service provided for smart contracts. This service deploys cross-chain services in the customer's blockchain environment. Contract/chain code, and provides an API interface for user contracts/chain codes to call and use. The cross-link service currently provides two types of services: ledger data access and contract message push, and their corresponding API interfaces. The ledger data access service can help user smart contracts obtain data on other blockchain ledgers, including but not limited to block headers, complete blocks, transactions, etc. The contract message push service can help communicate messages between smart contracts on different blockchains that have deployed cross-chain data services, satisfying scenarios such as cross-chain business association processing.

On May 22, 2019, Shanghai No. 1 Intermediate People's Court, Hangzhou Internet Court, Hefei Intermediate People's Court, Suzhou Intermediate People's Court, and Wuhu, Anhui Province jointly signed a letter of intent for cooperation, and will use the Hangzhou Internet Relying on the court's judicial blockchain platform, the four places are interconnected and jointly build the Yangtze River Delta judicial chain, creating a judicial-level trust mechanism with "full process records, full link credibility, and full node witness" to jointly promote judicial integration in the Yangtze River Delta region. develop. It was introduced at the meeting that the judicial blockchain operating mechanism of the Hangzhou Internet Court has become increasingly mature, and has collected 390 million pieces of electronic data. The dismissal rate of relevant cases has reached more than 96%. played an important role.
The technology provider of the judicial chain of Hangzhou Internet Court is Ant Financial Blockchain, which has the world's leading core patented technology, 20,000 TPS high-performance certificate storage capabilities, extremely high privacy security protection capabilities, and top-level security Prevention and control capabilities protect the judicial chain. Its Ant Blockchain trusted certificate storage platform supports third parties to access the judicial chain.

For example, in terms of specific aspects, the judicial chain has greatly improved the effect of users' rights protection. For example, in China, copyright protection is very backward. For example, in the field of pictures, only 5% are genuine and the rest are pirated. However, rights protection starts from filing a case toThe first trial took 8 months, and the compensation obtained was only 500-600 yuan, but the time cost and economic cost far exceeded the compensation amount. However, the emergence of the judicial chain can reduce the cost of rights protection by one to two orders of magnitude. Secondly, the judicial chain can enhance the trust of the brand. On the one hand, it allows enterprises to stand together with the judicial chain and the brands and platforms recognized by the government. On the other hand, it allows enterprises to clearly and transparently tell their business models through trust connection. users, giving users a very strong sense of trust. Entrepreneurs, in particular, can have huge traffic in the early stages. Finally, the judicial chain solves the problem of the last mile of the Internet, which greatly reduces the user's cost of use. Therefore, using the judicial chain model really upgrades the traditional business model into a trust business model.

Contributor Wang Denghui introduced:
Copyright chain/notarization chain project CTO of Hangzhou Xiabi Youshen Technology Company,
Shanghai partner of HiBlock technology community,
Focusing on "blockchain +" industrial implementation and implementation plan, hoping to preach blockchain together with industry practitioners.

❷ Over 100 million copies in 6 months! Zhejiang Provincial Department of Finance and Ant Blockchain bid farewell to paper tickets

Zhejiang Online, January 15 (Zhejiang Online Correspondent Chen Jieqiong) In order to better solve the "run once problem", local governments are increasingly applying new technologies. Coming faster and faster. Recently, Ye Shibao, director of the Electronic Invoice Center of the Zhejiang Provincial Department of Finance, said in an interview that since the establishment of the provincial blockchain electronic invoice platform in June last year with Ant Blockchain, as of the end of 2019, 507 medical institutions in Zhejiang Province have been on the blockchain. , 74 public hospitals realized electronic bill reimbursement in other places within the province, 100 million fewer bills were issued, and more than 30 million bill printing costs were saved, once again at the forefront of innovation.

Interestingly, electronic bills have been promoted for many years but there are still many links that cannot be solved. Blockchain has become a key. It is understood that Ant Financial is the first company to explore the application of blockchain technology in digital government industries such as finance and taxation. Through Ant blockchain technology, electronic bills can be "stamped" throughout the entire process from generation, transmission, storage to use. The entire process is traceable and cannot be tampered with, ensuring that the authenticity of the bill can be quickly confirmed in every circulation link, thus Achieve cross-regional and cross-department settlement and reimbursement.

Ye Shibao said that according to previous statistics, the entire process used to take about 12 working days to go to the medical insurance department for reimbursement, while commercial insurance reimbursement took longer, taking 7-60 working days. Now you no longer need to hold the ticket and stamp it in several places, you can quickly receive it with just a few clicks on your mobile phone.

Zhejiang University Shaw Hospital is one of the first hospitals in the province to go online. For Zhao Yue, a bill administrator who has worked in the finance department for 30 years, this is also a good thing.

In the past, he manually reviewed the half-meter-high stacks of receipt stubs every day, and packed a large box in eight days on average.If it can’t be stacked any more, call your colleagues to move it to the warehouse for storage. After receiving it and then doing the write-off, "it will take several months to complete the entire process." Nowadays, fewer and fewer bill stubs are collected every day, from the original half meter high to ten or twenty. "The warehouse is no longer needed, and several vehicles that transport the bills for destruction have also been returned."

The full link between hospital electronic bills and reimbursement and claims has been opened up, ultimately improving the patient experience in the "last mile" of medical treatment. Taizhou Hospital dared to be the first to allow Mr. Pang, a local resident, to receive reimbursement without traveling for 7 hours at a time when he was on a business trip to Hangzhou for medical treatment. He became the first person in the country to realize the reimbursement of medical insurance in other places through blockchain electronic bills.

The changes in each hospital are just the tip of the iceberg. Subway ticket settlement on the chain allows users to pass with one code, Hangzhou Internet Court introduced the Ant blockchain, provident fund withdrawal, etc. Zhejiang Province has completed implementation in more than 26 fields. From mobile payment to digital economy, Zhejiang has always been ahead of the curve in the application of innovative technologies.

At the 2020 Zhejiang Two Sessions held recently, Jing Xiandong, a member of the Zhejiang Provincial Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and chairman of Ant Financial, said that he will continue to use AI and blockchain to promote the upgrading of Zhejiang’s digital government affairs and promote Zhejiang to become a national Digital government model province. In the future, only applications that benefit the real economy and the public will be truly valuable applications, and blockchain must fundamentally move away from virtuality and into reality.

❸ How do you view Alipay’s involvement in the blockchain field?

The subject’s question is very meaningful. First of all, we must make it clear that Ant Financial “belongs” to Alibaba. Ant Financial has Ant Financial’s business, and Alipay also has Alipay’s business. In the era of big data, "data islands" are the biggest problem for many enterprises.

User data is extremely precious, but companies refuse to communicate with each other. Alibaba and Ant Financial have rich ecological coverage. Through blockchain technology, they can also achieve data exchange with enterprises in other industries. For example, some enterprises invested by Alibaba can directly receive information from Alibaba's huge ecosystem through blockchain technology. User data.

Also, Alipay uses blockchain technology, which facilitates traceability of transactions, etc. Other respondents have already explained these details in detail, so I won’t go into details here.

Traditional Internet giants often use alliance chain technology. On the one hand, they will continue to strengthen their own ecology, and on the other hand, they will also improve data management.

The difference from traditional Internet companies is the public chain. The public chain is actually the opposite party to the alliance chain. Public chains often hope to break the monopoly of traditional Internet platforms through blockchain technology. For example, Aion once announced in a high profile last year that it would be renamed The Open Application Network (The OAN). It is committed to using blockchain technology to improve the current status of the platform economy, and has reached a privacy protection research cooperation with the University of Waterloo. As well as the launch of privacy test network and other newsinformation, and often calls out to the traditional technology and software industries. The slogan is to solve the "unintentional mistakes" of the platform economy, but the intention is relatively obvious: to return data ownership to users and break the monopoly of traditional Internet companies.

❹ What are the main businesses of Ant Group

Ant Financial and technology services.

1. Ant Financial: Focus on three major sectors and expand its boundaries internationally

1. Scenarios and payments: "entry" logic, strengthen customer acquisition and retention, and achieve business diversion and data precipitation;

Digital finance: "monetization" logic, empowering internal customers and scenarios to cooperative financial institutions to realize monetization (collaborative income);

3. Technology services : "Empowerment" logic, exporting technology to the outside world, and enhancing value through digital models;

4. Internationalization: "Expansion" logic, sharing the non-linear growth space of global digital finance.

2. Technology services: starting from finance, but not ending with finance.

1. Based on technology research and development: focusing on "BASIC" and collaborating with Alibaba's technological strength, blockchain and distributed technology have established mature solutions in multiple fields of digital finance/economy;

2. Accelerate technology investment: The extension method serves the main line of business. In recent years, there have been more than 30 external technology investments, and the investment direction has experienced the evolution process of 2C-2B-2G;

3. Technology Output is the goal: to create a core profit model. More than 40 products of Financial Services Financial Technology have adopted the paid deployment model. The income space comes from: financial institutions’ direct demand for financial technology products, and changes in profit models (such as output realization of risk control models based on customer profiles, joint loan revenue sharing, etc.).