区块链打破垄断的例子,区块链打破垄断的原因

❶ What are the advantages of blockchain technology?

Recently, many friends have come to ask questions related to blockchain, such as the specific advantages of blockchain and why they should invest in the area. Blockchain, what benefits can it bring? Is it not allowed to invest in real estate and wait for appreciation? Is it not allowed to invest in mature markets such as stocks and bonds? Why invest in the newly emerging blockchain? What are the benefits of blockchain? Is the investment worth it? Waiting for a series of questions, I have made the following summary, which basically summarizes the answers to most related questions:

Advantages of Blockchain

Blockchain is regarded as an important part of the fourth industrial revolution. We all know that every industrial revolution will bring about leaps and bounds in human productivity. The history of human development is actually the history of one step in productivity progress

It can be roughly summarized in the following four aspects:

1. Blockchain has good market prospects; as an emerging technology, blockchain is recognized by many professionals including investors. In 2020 The estimated market value in 2020 is approximately US$60 billion, and the value of blockchain in the global market is expected to reach US$20 million in 2024. The considerable market prospects of blockchain are obvious.

2. The cost of blockchain is low; compared with centralized models such as credit card payment and stock trading that rely on third-party intermediaries, the decentralized distributed structure of blockchain saves investors It eliminates high handling fees and transaction fees, saves investment costs, and improves transaction processing efficiency.

3. Blockchain is more secure and stable; the traditional centralized model often faces serious credit crises, but since every transaction in the blockchain is tracked and permanently recorded by distributed public ledgers, it is greatly reduced. It eliminates counterfeiting, avoids losses caused by third-party credit issues, and provides security for investors' transactions.

4. The programming attributes of the blockchain are more standardized; traditional market investors often affect their returns due to confusion in the market level, while the programmability of the blockchain makes the market level clear and clear, which can Innovative technologies that change people's lives.

I hope it can help you solve related problems. For more details or if you have any questions, please feel free to ask or discuss!

❷ What disruptions has the blockchain brought? Why it can become a national strategy

The disruptive characteristics of blockchain lie in the following four aspects: 1. Transparency. The data records of the blockchain system are transparent to the entire network nodes, and the update operations of the data records are also transparent to the entire network nodes. This is the basis for the trust of the blockchain system. Since the blockchain system uses open source programs, open rules and high participation, blockchain data records and operating rules can be reviewed and traced by nodes throughout the network, with high transparency.
2. Openness. The blockchain system is open. Except for the private information of the parties directly related to the data, which is always encrypted, the blockchain data is open to everyone (except for blockchain systems with special permission requirements). anyone or participate inNodes can query blockchain data records or develop related applications through public interfaces, so the entire system information is highly transparent.
3. Information cannot be tampered with. Once the information of the blockchain system is verified and added to the blockchain, it will be permanently stored and cannot be changed (except for systems such as private blockchains with special change requirements). Unless more than 51% of the nodes in the system can be controlled at the same time, modifications to the database on a single node are invalid, so the data stability and reliability of the blockchain are extremely high
4. Decentralization. Decentralization is the most basic feature of blockchain, which means that blockchain no longer relies on central processing nodes and realizes distributed recording, storage and updating of data. In a traditional centralized network, attacking a central node can destroy the entire system. However, in a decentralized blockchain network, attacking a single node cannot control or destroy the entire network or more than 5% of the nodes in the network. It's just the beginning of gaining control. 2019 is the first year of commercial application of blockchain technology, and favorable policy incentives will make the development of blockchain technology more stable.
As the application of blockchain technology gradually penetrates into many fields such as digital finance and the Internet, everyone has a clearer understanding of the value of blockchain.
Blockchain has formed a global competition situation. All countries are seizing development opportunities, and China cannot lag behind; therefore, it is understandable that blockchain has become a national strategy.

❸ How to bring us to the forefront of blockchain theory

——What are the institutional shackles faced by the development of blockchain?

In 2008, the subprime debt crisis broke out in the United States. Wall Street's behavior is too ugly, and it has been exposed by the Internet in front of the eyes of all mankind.

Americans are angry. Some people condemn Wall Street's greed, some people occupy Wall Street, and some people begin to try to find an alternative to Wall Street's accounting system through the practice of distributed accounting technology.

Therefore, first of all, we have to make it clear: first, the purpose of blockchain, a concept that was later summarized, is to replace the traditional accounting path.

Second, blockchain is a means, and the purpose is to break Wall Street’s monopoly on finance, improve financial efficiency, and reduce the costs of physical enterprises through universal accounting rights.

Understanding the above two logics, let’s look for the problem:

Blockchain, as a new technology that has attracted great attention from all mankind, has been around for more than 10 years. Why? Still unable to serve the real industry?

Where are its roots? This is the focus of our research. If we don't understand this problem, we won't be able to reach the forefront of this field.

Finance is a grand proposition, and blockchain, as the underlying technology of new finance, is also a grand proposition.

Grand propositions need to be discovered and thought about from the bottom level. The bottom level of the blockchain isWhat?

The answer lies in social systems and Western values. The birthplace of blockchain is the United States, a capitalist country. Equity exclusivity is an important part of the values ​​of capitalist society.

Therefore, what is generated on the blockchain is defined by Satoshi Nakamoto as Bitcoin, not the ownership of the blockchain - equity. Please note that this definition is driven by values.

Values ​​may seem fictitious, but they always affect everyone’s thinking and choices. Satoshi Nakamoto’s initial definition directly determines the thinking path of those who come after him.

If Bitcoin is defined as the ownership of this network, this ownership will naturally increase in value as the number of users increases. This is a self-consistent logic.

But if Bitcoin is defined as currency, this currency will lose the support of ownership. Without the support of ownership, participants will only rely on faith to maintain the value of the chips in each other's hands. Beliefs that are not self-consistent are actually very unstable. Value units based on weak beliefs will make believers always anxious about finding faith allies. This is the root cause of why digital currencies have never been able to move towards entities. Because trust among believers is not strong.

Therefore, the shackles that really restrict the development of blockchain are precisely the so-called universal values ​​flaunted by Americans.

——The algorithm should be: people-oriented

People’s accounts should be blocks.

When individuals, merchants, enterprises, and institutions open accounts, blocks will be automatically formed.

There are two value units in each block: first, the ownership of the network, that is, equity; second, the future service of the network, that is, the right to take delivery.

The former is like a well, and the latter is like water from a well. The former is infinite, the latter is finite. The infinite can fully guarantee the limited. The future can fully guarantee the present.

The above are all self-consistent. The meaning of self-consistency is that only by convincing yourself can you build real stability and trust.

On the basis of self-stability and trust, well water can flow to entities instead of hoarding and speculation.

Please note: the underlying logic and principles play a decisive role in group selection.

If Bitcoin holders were not a group of anxious people and did not adhere to the Western value system, they could get rid of anxiety very early. For example, Bitcoin holders jointly invested US$4 billion worth of Bitcoin to lead a public network of shared equity (accounting for 10% of the shares), and let social funds invest US$4 billion (accounting for 10% of the shares), and the remaining equity will be vested in the public network. Users of public networks. This will create a predictable, multi-trillion-dollar, shared pie. Individuals, merchants and enterprises will naturally move in one after another and receive variousAfter the cake is collected, each basic unit participating in the market will form a basic reputation, and then use the basic reputation to invest in the real industry. The new physical assets will naturally guarantee the new reputation. The reinvestment of the new reputation will continue to expand the public The scale of new assets...and so on, we will continue to strive for self-improvement. But unfortunately, the Western value system has restricted the courage of blockchain participants to go further. Their choice is to turn around and engage in Ethereum, EOS, and create a large number of so-called digital currencies. Ultimately, digital reputation cannot always be combined with physical entities.

In other words, the core of Western values ​​​​is competitive thinking. Competitive thinking leads to the starting point of everyone's thinking to first put others on the hostile list instead of the cooperative list. The inertia of this thinking leads to the fact that the coins continue to increase, but they cannot enter the entity. Therefore, the so-called acquisition of basic theory and original innovation ability requires us to first find other people's blind spots and forbidden areas of thinking. On this basis, we can occupy no man's land, formulate our own standards in no man's land, and finally take control of the rules. and the right of interpretation.

——Let historical contributions become the basis of trust

Enterprises above designated size all have clear and consistent historical operating income data, and this data represents historical contributions.

The greater the historical contribution, the stronger its influence and appeal, the stronger its real ability, and the higher its actual credibility.

The current blockchain does not respect historical contributions and completely ignores the historical contributions of physical enterprises, which will inevitably cause logical conflicts.

To sort out this conflict, it is necessary to regard the company's historical operating income data as the most important source of credibility.

Only by fully respecting physical enterprises, sincerely serving them, and turning them into important shareholders of the new network can they actively embrace new technologies and new finance.

Otherwise, we must tell our own stories, shout about our own technologies and products, go in the opposite direction, and go further and further away.

The so-called building a community with a shared future for mankind requires us to put others first in the list of friends and partners, rather than in the list of competition.

Does the current blockchain algorithm respect physical enterprises?

From Bitcoin to Ethereum, from Ethereum to EOS, from EOS to Libra...

——The future of blockchain

1. People-oriented: Accounts are blocks, blocks have equity, and stock withdrawal rights (a small but continuous amount).

2. Respect history: The revenue data of physical enterprises is the basis of trust (the main origin of the right to take delivery).

3. Reverse circulation: Prepayment purchases, wages, bonuses, etc. flow directly to employee accounts, and employees’ consumption will be directlyDirectly activate the production capacity of enterprises and achieve a win-win situation between supply and demand.

4. Don’t mythologize a certain technology, and don’t form technological hegemony in your thinking. Technology is a tool to achieve an end, not an end in itself.

5. Change from legal currency acceptance to product, service and labor acceptance.

6. Before starting, protect first. Sign contracts first to open up cross-industry and cross-regional value chains, and then start after people have eliminated their anxiety.

7. Reserve regulatory channels so that the government and society can trace responsibilities based on data. Traceability is proof of self-discipline.

❹ Does blockchain technology have the effect of breaking the monopoly of big data in the industry?

Yes, it does. Analysis by Jinwowo Network Technology believes that: blockchain technology can break the monopoly of big data in the industry. Monopoly uses code to build the lowest-cost and most effective way of trust - machine trust. Blockchain efficiently collects user behavior data, provides security for user data through its unique encryption technology, and re-establishes data circulation rules. .

❺ Can blockchain change 10 cases of existing business

This article introduces the current 10 main usage scenarios of blockchain:

(1) Tracking global supply Products in the chain;

is a typical usage scenario of blockchain technology in security traceability. It can promote information tracking, query, verification and anti-counterfeiting of commodity circulation, and can significantly improve the efficiency of some links. However, the role of the blockchain can only be reflected in the chain, but it cannot cover the parts operated by people below the chain.

(2) Guarantee 3D printing quality and tracking;

(3) Create personalized and lifelong “one-stop” medical records;

Blockchain healthcare can track anyone’s complete medical history, such as medications , illnesses, injuries, and transactions across health systems, physicians, pharmacies, and health plans, and empowering patients to control their own data. Blockchain can also transfer insurance payments: smart contracts can automatically trigger insurance provisions when a clinic confirms a patient has received treatment, and prevent fraudulent or inaccurate claims. Some startups, such as the UK's Medicalchain, blockchain company Gem, MIT and other companies and universities are experimenting with this use.

(4) Simplify trade logistics;

Traditional trade involves complex import and export procedures, and all participants in the entire chain require a large number of paper documents to interact, resulting in high communication costs. Blockchain can optimize this system. Maersk and IBM have created a platform that integrates services such as liner, warehouse, freight forwarding, ports, customs, exporters, importers and trade finance banks into the trade ecosystem, on a data exchange platform running on the blockchain interoperate.

(5) Facilitate and secure customs trade;

Blockchain has been tested in many customs departments, including the United Kingdom, South Korea, Singapore, Costa Rica, Mexico, Peru and the 15-nation East African Group. In 2017, U.S. Customs developed 14 use cases for blockchain and are currently testing themand assessment. Blockchain will be particularly useful for the UK: when the UK leaves the EU customs union, its number of customs declarations will increase from 55 million to over 250 million (non-EU trade plus EU trade, which previously did not require customs documents), which is currently the case with UK software The program cannot fully handle it. Blockchain can help: It can trace the origins of products and help determine the origin and appropriate tariffs for goods, such as those destined to join the European Union’s tariff package. For the UK’s 28 border agencies, imported products such as food, safety and intellectual property compliance need to be analyzed, and blockchain projects can be shared securely and transparently in real time.

(6) Prevent voting fraud and protect voter identities;

Blockchain security and identity protection features can reduce fraud and encourage voters to believe their votes are anonymous,

increase turnout and make elections more immediate . Using the technology, voters can scan their thumbs with their smartphones and cast their ballots during their Election Day commute. If everyone votes via the blockchain, no one can vote twice. Voting records are inviolable, and the ID of each ballot is recorded instantly at every polling location.

(7) Launch crop insurance for farmers;

Crop insurance customized to specific farmer needs is often very expensive, and blockchain technology can reduce costs by determining trigger conditions and automating execution. For example, farmers can insure against extreme weather. If extreme weather affects a harvest, a blockchain-based insurance contract would immediately recognize this and pay the farmer’s claim.

Establishing a network of energy producers and users;

Decades ago, some companies introduced smart grids to provide intermediary services for energy producers and demanders. Now, blockchain can optimize smart grids and provide energy producers and consumers with a regional intermediary energy trading platform. TenneT and Brooklyn-based startup LO3 Energy are both trying this business.

(9) Create smart cities that can operate independently;

Blockchain can now amplify the impact of Douyou IoT on city operations. For example, Dubai has a pilot project to implement blockchain in city services. Dubai plans to use blockchain for more than 100 million annual government documents by 2020, including all visa applications, bill payments and license renewals.

(10) Automatic payment to the exporter when the goods arrive at the foreign buyer;

Blockchain changes the information asymmetry in existing international trade by allowing both parties to the transaction to access the same data and real-time digital files question. There is no need to store multiple copies of the same document across different databases for different entities. When goods arrive marked by sensors connected to the smart contract, a transfer of money from the buyer to the seller is automatically triggered.

2. Ten major problems currently faced by the blockchain industry and their analysis

2.1. Is the data on the blockchain really immutable?

Can one of the core features of blockchain, "anti-tampering", really be realized? And is "tamper-proof" really beneficial?

The report pointed out that the blockchain is not completely immutable and gave three weaknesses of the blockchain:

(2) may be hacked, and 51% of the chain is controlled by someone who wants to tamper with the results.

(3) The "garbage of garbage" problem has existed for centuries. The value of a blockchain depends on the data on the chain, and data entered into the blockchain may be inaccurate or fraudulent. One solution is to use sensors instead of manually entering data.

The so-called "51% attack" is to take advantage of computing power to cancel payment transactions that have already occurred. If someone has more than 50% of the computing power, he can find the random numbers needed to mine the block faster than others, so he actually has the absolute and effective right to decide which block. From a technical level, a 51% attack is achievable, but the cost is very high for the earliest cryptocurrencies such as BTC. They have built a huge network, which is why BTC’s network has remained stable for 10 years. reason. But with other counterfeit currencies, the risk is greater.

In addition, there is no direct benefit for the attacker to simply launch a 51% attack, and it must be linked to specific short selling and false recharge. Specifically, it is often a double spend on a certain transaction. The attacker stops attacking once. Continuous attacks are costly and will stop once successful; second, the community can issue an emergency pudding and add checkpoints to the blockchain. The community urgently agreed that the attacker’s blockchain was invalid. Therefore, there are many ways to deal with the 51% attack, and it will not be the end of the world for a blockchain.

2.2. Who owns and maintains the blockchain? And who asked about the appearance?

Responsible for problems and losses?

Since the blockchain is a decentralized user community, who will maintain it? Shouldn’t it require human adjustment and maintenance just like a website?

For permissioned chains, such as alliance chains and private chains, there is no need for incentives such as tokens to motivate people to manage, there is a manager who manages the entire network. Since there are fewer users in the network, coordination costs are relatively low. However, such networks are susceptible to security challenges, and as the number of network users increases, coordination costs will increase.

For consortium chains and private chains, since they are still very centralized organizations, the verification nodes are identified by the organization itself, so the management model is not very different from traditional centralized institutions. However, for public chains, there is no leader who coordinates the entire network system, and only relies on token incentives to coordinate different interest groups, which undoubtedly increases the instability of the entire ecosystem. At present, the development of the blockchain industry is in a very early stage. In addition to the relatively mature decentralized governance of BTC, in the governance of public chains such as ETH and EOS, the founder development team plays a very core role and is the "rules" of the public chain. "Maker", although the entire ecosystem has achieved partial decentralization, the founders still play a pivotal role in the direction of strategic development. Therefore, the author believes that the decentralization of blockchain can only be an ultimate goal that is constantly approaching. From the birth of the project to its maturity, its degree of decentralization should continue to increase, as shown in the figure below. In the early stages of project development, the founder and his development team play an absolute guiding role in the entire ecosystem., as the project ecology matures and the number of participants continues to increase, the original development team should gradually downplay its guiding role. The entire network maintenance needs to be decided jointly by all developers and users in the ecosystem. As for the final network problems, they can only be borne by all participants.

Figure: Schematic diagram of the relationship between the degree of centralization and development stages of blockchain projects

2.3. Are smart contracts really smart?

The second reason why smart contracts are not yet that smart is that their entries can be manipulated by evil actors, such as contracting parties or miners who add transaction records to the blockchain's ledger of past transactions. One study showed that 3.4% of ETH smart contracts are vulnerable to hackers.

Smart contracts can indeed optimize many intermediate programs, but judging from current industry practice, they are far from being called smart. A qualified smart contract should include all possible scenarios. Because the core essence of smart contracts is "to make the most just ruling even in the darkest environment."

The difference between Ethereum and Bitcoin is that Ethereum is Turing complete, and more types of contracts with more complex terms can be implemented through this platform. Of course, the cost of this is that the complex contract content makes it becomes more difficult to analyze. Typically, complexity is directly proportional to the probability of a vulnerability; the higher the complexity, the greater the probability of a vulnerability.

As for the concept "code is law" proposed by Ethereum, however, the code has attracted hacker attacks due to its own vulnerabilities, so it is not enough to form the authority of "law". Therefore, it needs the trust and endorsement of the government, lawyers, courts and other intermediary institutions. Compared with coordination, the current contract seems too rough.

2.4. Is there identity theft on the blockchain?

3% of social media accounts are fake, so can fake accounts be created on the blockchain? Can identities on the blockchain be stolen?

Blockchain can create a personal database for users whose data cannot be tampered with, but how to meet the user's "tampering" needs? This may be a paradox in the development of blockchain technology. Regarding user needs, we may need to start from the perspective of on-chain standards and authority management.

2.5. Can blockchains be connected to each other?

One blockchain records the data of an entity or user in one way, while another blockchain records the same data of the same entity or user in another way. In a fragmented system, multiple account books are not connected to each other, which will form a world of "operational islands", or "data islands". Users need to register for multiple systems at the same time to conduct transactions with different people for different purposes.

In view of the value transfer needs of different chains, cross-chain technology is the key, which can effectively connect different alliance chains or private chains, and promote the outward expansion and connection of blockchains. The current mainstream cross-chain technologies include Notary schemes, Sidechains/relays, Hash-locking, and Distributed private key control (Distributed private key control), etc.

2.6． How does the blockchain connect to off-chain databases?

If one party's data and documents are off-chain, and the other party's data and documents are on-chain, can the two parties interact? In the company's database, can half of the company's data on the blockchain interact with the other half of the data?

These challenges are well known and are being addressed. For example, the same queries and analysis can be run in on-chain and off-chain databases. The risk is that data brought from on-chain to off-chain is no longer immutable, and researchers recognize that data security and aggregating, transforming and optimizing on-chain and off-chain data sets are significant challenges.

2.7． Can blockchain facilitate money laundering?

Money laundering is a huge global problem, amounting to 1-2 trillion US dollars, accounting for approximately 2% - 5% of the total global GDP. Banks and authorities are fighting back, spending about $8 billion a year to combat corruption. Banks around the world require KYC verification.

Due to the anonymous nature of the blockchain, especially the emergence of anonymous coins, BTC has been criticized by many people as a tool for money laundering. However, the anonymity of BTC is only anonymity on the chain. The interaction between people and the chain, and the interaction between BTC and legal currency will leave traces, and it is not as "lawless" as many media have promoted. Each BTC transaction requires the transfer of a corresponding address, and the transaction records of the address can be queried. In addition, the exchange of BTC and legal currency is conducted off-chain and cannot escape supervision. If the actual identity of any party in the transaction is exposed, then all parties involved in the transaction will have difficulty escaping recourse.

2.8. Will the blockchain consume all the energy in the world?

BTC has an amazing energy demand. Operating Bitcoin for one year requires the energy consumption of Ireland for one year. Because BTC’s POW consensus mechanism requires miners to mine for transaction verification. There are concerns that as the network increases and the value of BTC rises, energy demand will grow rapidly. In fact, miners themselves have incentives to prevent this from happening, and the scalability of the blockchain is limited by availability, energy costs, and the miners' own financial resources. The current alternative is the POS consensus mechanism. The POS mechanism selects validators based on the number of currency holders.

In fact, it can be seen that except for the early batch of cryptocurrencies headed by BTC, the vast majority of current blockchain projects have taken into account the disadvantages of POW and are constantly innovating consensus mechanisms to avoid excessive consumption of energy. Therefore, blockchain is not enough to cause such a huge consumption of energy.

2.9. Will blockchain take our jobs?

Regarding blockchain, if people can trade directly with each other, what impact will blockchain have on intermediaries such as banks and lawyers? Blockchain is unlikely to be a job killer; it will, like any technology, change the nature of work by changing companies’ business and revenue models.

When artificial intelligence becomes popular, people will continue to ask questions like this. On the one hand, we enjoy the benefits that technology brings to us.Convenience, on the other hand, comes with the fear that technology will replace us. The biggest challenge of blockchain is not the technology itself, but changing the traditional profit distribution model. Blockchain technology can remove certain intermediary links, break the monopoly of many resources by centralized institutions, and thus change the interest pattern. This is also the most revolutionary point of blockchain.

2.10. Is the United States lagging behind in the development of the blockchain industry?

Globally, the blockchain industry in the United States is still in its infancy. Deloitte surveyed 1,053 executives in financial services, healthcare, technology industries, telecommunications, manufacturing and other industries in 2018. According to the survey, only 14% of American respondents believe that blockchain is used in their production, compared with 49% in China, 48% in Mexico, 40% in the United Kingdom, and 36% in Canada. Plans are also lagging: 41% of U.S. companies plan to invest $1 million or more in blockchain, compared with 85% in China, 74% in Canada, 72% in the United Kingdom, and 65% in Mexico.

According to the "Blockchain China-U.S. Development White Paper" released by Silicon Valley Insight, North America is comparable to Asia in terms of the number of ICOs. In terms of financing amount, North America is far ahead with 7.85 billion. Therefore, the United States, as a major country in North America, is not lagging behind at all. On the contrary, it is still leading in many aspects.

《Harnessing Blockchain for American Business and Prosperity》

http://forex.hexun.com/2018-06-17/193222543.html

https://jiahao..com/s? id=1606478434369770769&wfr=spider&for=pc

Introduction to Tianjige: Tianjige (LD Research) was established on July 2, 2018. It is a company dedicated to exploring the unknown of science and technology, taking human development as the driving force, and taking "BASE Research for Solving Real" Problems" as the purpose of the research institute.

This article comes from Babbitt

Related questions and answers: What are the uses of blockchain technology in the business field?

What are the uses of blockchain technology in the business field?

In recent years, due to the virtual digital With currency speculation booming, blockchain, as its underlying technology, has also begun to receive widespread attention. Blockchain has the characteristics of decentralization, trustlessness, collective maintenance, and reliable storage. It is currently widely used in the field of virtual currency.

Since the birth of Bitcoin, more than 1,600 virtual currencies have appeared in the world, and a huge industrial chain ecosystem has been formed around the generation, storage, and trading of virtual currencies. But overall, the industry is still in its infancy and is still far away from the real value use area. The core of the blockchain economy lies in the reconstruction of business logic and organizational form, so it needs to be implemented in multiple industries.Get practical examples of usage to demonstrate its value. This article will explore the business models used by blockchain in various industries from the perspective of combining blockchain with industry needs.

First of all, the core of blockchain is to solve the problem of credit:

Credit is the foundation of all commercial activities and finance. The United States has implemented trusted identification since 2011, while China has implemented a real-name system to achieve supervised information dissemination. The significance of blockchain is that it has established decentralized trust from a technical level for the first time and realized a completely distributed credit system.

Secondly, blockchain solves the problem of value exchange:

Traditional networks can achieve point-to-point transmission of information, but cannot achieve point-to-point transmission of value. Because information is allowed to be copied, and value must be authentic and unique, it is necessary to rely on a centralized organization to achieve value transfer. Blockchain perfectly solves this problem and provides a method to realize point-to-point transfer of value. During the value transfer process, accounting is realized by the network without relying on a centralized institution. Therefore, blockchain is expected to become the infrastructure for building new finance and the cornerstone of the future value Internet.

The use of blockchain

There are currently two main modes of blockchain use:

1) Native blockchain use: directly based on decentralized blockchain technology to realize value Transmission and transaction use, such as digital currency;

2) "Blockchain +" model: combine traditional scenarios with the underlying protocol of the blockchain to improve efficiency and reduce costs. It is expected that the use of blockchain in various industries will be dominated by the second model.

Blockchain has five core attributes, namely: transaction attributes (value attributes), certificate attributes, trust attributes, intelligence attributes, and traceability attributes. The above core attributes are combined with the needs of the industry to solve the industry's pain points and become the business model used by blockchain in various industries.

Blockchain + Bank

1. Cross-border payment

Cross-border payment is a pain point that has long plagued the banking industry. Traditional cross-border payment methods include two major categories: one is online payment, including electronic account payment and international credit card payment, which is suitable for retail small amounts; the other is the bank remittance model, which is suitable for large-amount transactions; both have payment cycles Long, high fees, low transaction transparency and other issues. Especially with the rise of cross-border e-commerce in recent years, convenient, fast, safe and low-cost cross-border payment has become an urgent need for the industry.

The role of blockchain:

The characteristics of blockchain are deintermediation and open and transparent transactions. There is no third-party payment institution to join, which shortens the payment cycle, reduces fees, and increases transaction transparency. For example, in December 2017, China Merchants Bank teamed up with Wing Lung Bank and Wing Lung Shenzhen Branch to successfully implement cross-border RMB remittances between the three parties using blockchain technology. Its clearing process is safe, efficient and fast, greatly improving customer experience.

2. Supply chain finance

The pain points in this field are the long financing cycle and high costs. Centered on the core enterprise system of the supply chain, it is difficult for third-party credit enhancement agencies to authenticate the authenticity of various relevant vouchers in the supply chain.This results in long manual review times and high financing costs.

The role of blockchain:

Blockchain introduces consensus mechanism, existence proof, non-tampering, traceability and other characteristics into supply chain finance, and does not require third-party credit enhancement agencies to authenticate various relevant credentials in the supply chain. authenticity, thereby reducing financing costs and shortening the financing cycle. For example, in April 2017, the listed company Yijian and IBM China Research jointly launched the blockchain supply chain financial service system "Yijian Block". The system focuses on pharmaceutical scenarios and currently has more than 30 pharmaceutical distribution companies. Successfully registered in the "Yijian Block", as of the end of July, the number of transactions had been close to 8,000, and the total investment amount exceeded 100 million yuan.

3. Digital Bills

The pain point of the digital bill industry lies in the long-term problems of "false bills" and "one vote selling many", which have brought risks to the bill financing business of the banking industry.

The role of blockchain:

The existence proof and non-tampering characteristics of blockchain effectively solve the problem of false digital bills; at the same time, blockchain solves the double-spend problem and avoids "one vote". Sell ​​more". For example, Shenzhen Blockchain Financial Services Co., Ltd. issues bill chain products to provide bill financing services based on blockchain to solve the bill financing needs of small, medium and micro enterprises. Cooperative banks include Ganzhou Bank, Guiyang Bank, Suzhou Bank, Shizuishan Bank, Langfang Bank, Wuhai Bank, Jilin Jiutai Rural Commercial Bank, Yaodu Rural Commercial Bank, Shenzhen Rural Industry Bank, Weifang Bank, Zhongyuan Bank, etc. In addition, Zheshang Bank, JD Finance, Hang Seng Electronics, HNA, etc. are also verifying blockchain digital bill services.

Blockchain + Securities

1. Asset Securitization

Asset securitization uses future income as a guarantee to obtain current financing. The pain points in this field are: there are many participating entities, many operating links, low transaction transparency, information asymmetry, and the authenticity of the underlying assets cannot be guaranteed.

The role of blockchain:

Blockchain introduces attributes such as existence proof, non-tamperability, and consensus mechanism for asset securitization. It can monitor the true situation of assets in real time and solve the problem of the underlying issues of institutions in the transaction chain. Asset trust issues. Various assets such as equity, bonds, bills, income certificates, warehouse receipts, etc. can be integrated into the blockchain and become digital assets on the chain, improving asset circulation efficiency and reducing costs. For example, in May 2017, Internet Finance and partners including Baiqian Leasing and Huaneng Trust jointly issued an asset securitization ABS project supported by blockchain technology, with an issuance scale of 424 million yuan.

Blockchain + Insurance

1. Insurance Business

The insurance industry has problems such as information asymmetry and lack of trust between customers and insurance institutions: it is difficult for users to choose insurance products that suit them, while insurance institutions Face the risk of insurance fraud.

The role of blockchain:

The decentralized, open, transparent, and traceable characteristics of blockchain establish a good communication channel between insurance institutions and users; insurance subject information is managed uniformly on the blockchain , cannot be tampered with, helping insurance institutions avoid the risk of fraudulent insurance; at the same time, through intelligentEnergy contracts can improve work efficiency and reduce costs. For example, French insurance giant AXA is using the Ethereum public blockchain to provide automated flight delay compensation for air travelers. If the flight is delayed for more than 2 hours, the "smart contract" insurance product will automatically pay claims to passengers.

2. Credit information management

The pain point in this field is that credit information agencies have limited data collection channels and a lack of data sharing, which makes it difficult to accurately characterize the credit status of individuals or institutions; in addition, there are also problems in how to guarantee the data collection process. User privacy issues.

The role of blockchain:

Blockchain has the characteristics of trustlessness, consensus, and non-tampering. At the technical level, it ensures that limited and controllable credit data sharing can be achieved on the basis of effectively protecting user privacy. And verification. For example, Ping An's blockchain credit reporting business is now online. In addition, domestic startups such as Shanghai Juzhen, LinkEye, Bubi Blockchain, etc. are also exploring joint credit reporting and safe certificate storage.

As a basic technology, blockchain has great use value in many industries with distributed processing, peer-to-peer transactions, and rapid establishment of trust relationships. Its core is to solve the problem of credit and realize Point-to-point delivery of value. Therefore, it is considered to be the cornerstone of the future value Internet.

The core of the blockchain business model is to use the innovative attributes introduced by the blockchain and combine it with traditional industry uses to realize the reconstruction of business logic in order to create new usage scenarios, or improve efficiency and reduce costs.

It is expected that the use of blockchain will first start in the pan-financial field that has high requirements for credit, efficiency, and security: the financial industry pays more attention to efficiency and security, and blockchain has a high degree of matching with its pain points, and can be used for Systematically solve trust issues, efficiency issues, default risks, etc. that exist in all aspects of financial services; blockchain’s attributes such as “transaction, certificate storage, and traceability” are more likely to generate value in the financial industry. At the same time, the market space in the financial industry is huge, and small progress can bring huge benefits.

Blockchain will also extend to all areas of social life: Blockchain solves problems such as the management, transaction, and transfer of digital assets, and therefore will play an important role in the wave of asset digitization, such as supply chain management, data Applications such as services, asset management, public services, and the Internet of Things are gradually being implemented in various fields, and "blockchain+" is becoming a reality.

❻ What is the difference between blockchain games and traditional games

1. Traditional games are highly centralized, that is, the game developers have complete control over the entire game. Blockchain games are decentralized, and both the game operation process and the benefits are open and transparent.

2. Value. Traditional games are just about playing games and have no investment value. However, blockchain games can bring collection value and actual benefits to users. And the income and data information obtained will not disappear, and the blockchain data will last forever.

3. Break the monopoly. In traditional games, you can only play in a certain game field.Among them, that is to say, the traditional game market is a monopolized market, and blockchain games may break the market monopoly.