中国联通区块链业务有哪些,中国联通区块链业务发展现状

① What are the industrial fields that belong to China Unicom's new layout in 2021

Abstract: In 2020, with the rapid advancement of new infrastructure, my country's 5G base stations have entered a high-speed construction stage. In 2021, the government work report pointed out that it will increase efforts in 5G network construction and enrich application scenarios. 2021 will be a critical year for 5G in China. 5G signals have been fully covered. This article analyzes the development status and development strategies of the four major operators and concludes that operators are gradually shifting their focus to industry applications, and the door to 5G industry applications is about to open. .
Keywords: 5G, operators, 5G base stations, 5G terminals, operation services, 5G applications
1. my country’s 5G network construction situation
2020 is the year when my country’s 5G network will be vigorously constructed and accelerated. One year ago, data from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology showed that in 2020, my country added 580,000 5G base stations and promoted the joint construction and sharing of 330,000 5G base stations, achieving 5G coverage in all prefectures and cities. As of the end of 2020, my country has built more than 718,000 5G base stations, the number of 5G terminal connections ranks first in the world, exceeding 200 million, and the cumulative number of 5G package users has exceeded 320 million.
2. Current status of 5G development of the four major operators
(1) China Mobile
1. Build the world’s largest 5G independent network
As of the end of 2020, China Mobile has built the world’s largest 5G independent network The largest independent 5G network, more than 385,000 5G base stations have been opened, and more than 100 leading 5G industry application demonstration projects have been launched in 15 industries.
2. 5G package users reached 165 million
China Mobile has developed more than 90 million 5G terminal users and 165 million 5G package users; launched more than 50 special services and created more than 2,100 industry demonstration projects.
3. "Multi-mode, multi-frequency, multi-form" terminal product strategy
China Mobile relies on its three major advantages of user market size, network coverage capabilities and brand service capabilities to adhere to the "three more and three new" 5G terminals Product strategy (multi-mode, multi-frequency, multi-form and new services, new rights and interests, new models), accelerate the promotion of terminals to support multi-mode and multi-frequency, evolve to multi-form, and improve terminal AI, cloud, heterogeneous collaboration and scenarios ization ability.
4. Rich 5G applications
China Mobile’s 5G thermal imaging temperature measurement system, 5G unmanned logistics vehicles, 5G remote control and other applications have played an important role in resuming work and production. Cloud office, cloud video, cloud Commerce and trade have also gained rapid popularity.
China Mobile has launched 15 key industry segmentation solutions, including 5G smart factory, smart power, and smart steel. At the same time, China Mobile has also accelerated the construction of 5G platforms and general capabilities, laid out nine industry platforms such as OneCity smart city and industrial Internet, completed the productization of 5G private networks, and released the 5G module "Sail Plan", which was launched at the third The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology’s “Blooming Cup” won more than half of the awards, with first and second prizes accounting for 73%, a remarkable achievement.
(2) China Unicom
1. Co-construction and sharing of 5G base stations to improve resource efficiency
In terms of 5G base station construction, China Unicom has comprehensively promoted the co-construction and sharing of 5G networks. As of the end of 2020, China Unicom An additional 300,000 5G base stations have been added to the shared network built with China Telecom. The total number of China Unicom's 5G base stations has reached 380,000, achieving large-scale coverage. In addition, China Unicom has actively promoted the co-construction of optical cables, fiber core sharing and cloud infrastructure sharing, which has significantly improved the efficiency of network resource utilization. Co-construction and sharing has saved both companies a total of more than RMB 76 billion in network construction costs, significantly reduced network operating costs, and The network construction cycle is greatly shortened.
2. 5G package users reached 70.83 million
As of the end of 2020, the number of China Unicom's 5G package users reached 70.83 million, and the 5G package user penetration rate reached 23%, which is 20% higher than the industry average. In 2020, China Unicom and China Telecom completed many "firsts" in 5G construction through co-construction and sharing - the world's first NSA sharing technology, the first NSA to SA evolution technology under a shared network, the first international technical standards for 5G co-construction and sharing, It pioneered the largest 5G co-construction and sharing network and set a Chinese-style innovation model for global 5G development. It continues to break through 5G peak rate capabilities and is among the first in the world to implement SA commercialization. It is committed to building a world-leading 5G premium network with "wide coverage, fast network speed, and excellent experience."
3. 5G terminals focus on the "four modernizations" to accelerate the layout
In terms of terminal construction, China Unicom continues to promote the "four modernizations" of 5G terminals, namely 5G mobile phones, universal standards, affordable prices, and ubiquitous terminals. In the change. As of the end of 2020, China Unicom has launched 141 5G mobile phones under 14 brands, 32 modules under 13 brands and 22 5G data terminals relying on the five major chip platforms. In terms of terminal applications, as 5G network coverage is further improved, China Unicom continues to deepen its efforts in the "four major" application fields such as VR/AR games, high-definition 4K/8K video, XR, and cloudization, and terminal penetration continues to increase. , creating a new gameplay of "terminal + terminal + application" combination.
4. New results have been achieved in the 5G+ Industrial Internet action
In 2020, China Unicom actively launched 5G industry application exploration, took the lead in establishing the "5G Application Innovation Alliance", and gathered more than 1,000 industry chain members. In the Industrial Internet , smart medical care, smart education, security, AR/VR and other key areas have made breakthrough progress, and "5G + Industrial Internet" projects such as coking coal have become industry benchmarks. At present, China Unicom is actively exploring "5G+" integrated applications to empower the digital, networked, and intelligent transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry. It has already implemented network empowerment, AI empowerment, fully connected factory empowerment, industrial cluster upgrade empowerment, and security escort. New results have been achieved in the eight "5G + Industrial Internet" actions, including joint innovation of application scenarios, ecological win-win, and capital assistance, which are beginning to show signs of success in mining, steel, home appliances, automobiles, clothing and other industries.Large-scale development trend. In 2020, China Unicom's industrial Internet business revenue increased by 30.0% year-on-year to RMB 42.7 billion, accounting for 15.5% of the overall main business revenue.
(3) China Telecom
1. Co-build and share the world’s largest 5G network
In 2020, China Telecom invested 45.3 billion yuan in 5G network construction, and so far more than 350,000 5G networks have been opened Base stations cover more than 300 cities across the country, and have built the world's largest co-constructed and shared 5G network with China Unicom.
2. The number of 5G package users reached 86.5 million
In 2020, China Telecom’s 5G package users reached 86.5 million, with a penetration rate of 24.6%.
3. The first to launch 5G cloud mobile phones
In 2020, China Telecom’s 5G has rapidly penetrated, and the user scale and value have expanded. China Telecom’s 5G mobile phone users are 32 million. It was the first in the industry to launch the 5G cloud mobile phone "Tianyi No. 1", leveraging its cloud and network integration capabilities to break through terminal performance bottlenecks and promote the accelerated popularization of 5G terminals.
4. Diversified layout of featured industry applications
China Telecom has signed nearly 1,900 5G industry applications, with more than 1,100 implementation scenarios. Focusing on the scenario-based needs of enterprises to migrate to the cloud, we continue to improve the resource layout of IDC and cloud, strengthen the full-stack cloud service capabilities of public cloud, private cloud, dedicated cloud and hybrid cloud, independently develop key core technologies of Tianyi Cloud, and cooperate with more than 500 partners partners to build a cloud product system that integrates cloud, data, and intelligence. In 2020, we will cooperate with more than 30 leading application partners to launch more than 100 ecological rights and interests, create China Telecom's characteristic 5G membership rights system, and launch exclusive rights and interests such as network, security and services. China Telecom has taken advantage of the high speed, low latency and edge computing capabilities of the 5G network to launch 5G special applications such as Tianyi Cloud Disk, Tianyi Ultra HD, Video Ring Tone, Tianyi Cloud VR, and Tianyi Cloud Games.
(4) China Radio and Television
1. Co-construction and sharing of 700MHz 5G wireless network
On October 12, 2020, China Radio and Television Network Co., Ltd. with a registered capital of 101.2 billion yuan was officially established in Beijing and became The fourth largest operator in the country. China Mobile and China Radio and Television jointly carry out 5G co-construction and sharing. The two parties jointly determine the network construction plan, jointly invest in the construction of 700MHz5G wireless network at a ratio of 1:1, and jointly own and have the right to use the 700MHz5G wireless network assets.
2. Full network coverage of 5G for radio and television
China Radio and Television has excellent frequencies. The 700MHz spectrum is the golden frequency for mobile communications and has the characteristics of wide coverage. Therefore, the number of base stations required is small, which can save money. community resource. With strong diffraction capability, 700M has little loss in signal transmission, which can effectively solve the indoor dead-angle coverage problem. It has high transmission efficiency, smaller Doppler frequency shift, and more reliable signal demodulation, which can achieve better results in high-speed mobile scene applications such as high-speed railways and highways.
3. Explore the differentiated development of 5GNR broadcasting
In 2020, China Radio and Television will use mobile communications plus existing cable TV and wireless TV to create a new "media + network" integration. China Radio and Television has technically figured out a breakthrough point for differentiated development from the other three major operators - 5GNR broadcasting. 5G NR broadcast does not change the existing system of the 5G transmission layer. It uses the existing 5G NR channel for the 5G network, so that all 5G terminals can receive digital TV broadcast using 5G without worrying about traffic and network congestion. In July 2020, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology released the "Radio Frequency Technical Requirements for Mid- and Low-Frequency Band 5G System Equipment", and China Radio and Television organized relevant manufacturers to complete the signal access work for my country's first batch of 5G 700MHz equipment. In 2020, China Radio and Television approved more than 21 models of mobile phones, more than 10 models of CPE and industrial modules, and more than 6 models of 700MHz large-bandwidth base station equipment.
4. New scenario application of mobile + wired private network under private network
In 2020, China Radio and Television will combine with 5G to make full use of its own advantages to shape new scenarios of mobile + wired private network under private network application. China Radio and Television 5G has built application scenarios such as "5G+Integrated Media", "5G+Urban Governance", and "5G+Family Life" to create integrated media communication, smart radio and television transport, intelligent Internet of Everything, mobile communication operations, national public services, and green security A new information-based basic network integrating supervision and management. Based on China Radio and Television's full cloudization, Radio and Television's SAVoNR enables high-definition audio and video calls in remote locations. Based on Radio and Television's 5G+8K technology, it is the first time in the country to apply 5G mid- and low-frequency bands to achieve 8K ultra-high-definition live broadcast.
3. Analysis of 5G Development Strategies of the Four Major Operators in 2021
(1) Development Goals
1. China Mobile: Build an information "highway", operate an information "high-speed rail", and command a middle station
First, vigorously build a digital and intelligent converged infrastructure centered on 5G, adhere to intensive and efficient operations, deepen convergence innovation, strengthen operation and maintenance management, and promote network scale, performance, and experience to a new level. The second is to deepen CHBN's all-round development and integrated development to create a value management foundation; forge leading platform products to enrich value management carriers; improve marketing service levels and innovate value management methods; build an open cooperation ecosystem and expand value management space. The third is to further coordinate the construction and operation of the "business + data + technology" smart middle platform, accumulate capabilities, support development, focus on intelligent empowerment, and promote the company's digital and intelligent operations and the digital and intelligent transformation of the whole society.
2. China Unicom: Focus on achieving 5G coverage in counties and key towns
During the 2021 5G large-scale deployment period, China Unicom will continue to combine business development to achieve 5G coverage in counties and above and key towns, network construction and industry Synchronously, improve the breadth and depth of coverage; at the same time, increase the deployment of 2.1GNR, strengthen the basic coverage of 5G, give full play to the advantages of 3.5G capacity and 2.1G coverage, and collaborate with high and low frequencies to create a differentiated network; throughWe will take multiple measures to improve indoor and outdoor coverage and continue to optimize network coverage and quality. In order to promote digital transformation, China Unicom will release CUBE-Net3.0 in 2021, based on 5G, looking at 6G, integrating new technology elements such as cloud native, edge computing, artificial intelligence, blockchain, and endogenous security, and strengthening different technologies and The deep integration of industrial elements builds a new generation of digital infrastructure that supports the digital transformation of the economy and society.
3. China Telecom: Make every effort to develop basic network capabilities and 5G terminals
China Telecom adheres to the basic principles and overall thinking of "the network is the foundation, the cloud is the core, the network moves with the cloud, and the cloud and network are integrated". The integrated basic network capabilities of "land, sea, air and space" provide basic network infrastructure guarantee for the Internet of Everything, and rely on Tianyi Cloud to provide safe and reliable cloud services for data storage, calculation and processing. In addition, the 2+4+31+X+O collaborative layout of public cloud + dedicated cloud empowers and injects intelligence into in-depth calculation and mining of data elements, thereby accelerating the transformation of the digital industry. China Telecom's development goals for 2021 are to reach 100 million 5G terminals, 60 million smart home terminals, and 30 million industry terminals.
4. China Radio and Television: Accelerate the construction of radio and television 5G networks
China Radio and Television strives to basically achieve nationwide coverage of radio and television 5G by the end of 2021 and provide universal 5G services. In 2021, China Radio and Television 5G will adopt the independent networking (SA) mode, minimalist architecture solution, low-frequency + medium-frequency multi-frequency overlay, and FDD + TDD collaborative networking technology path, focusing on creating a radio and television feature that integrates mobile communication operations and integration A new 5G network that integrates media communication, smart radio and television transport, smart Internet of Everything, national public services, and green safety supervision. China Radio and Television will work closely with the industry chain to promote the maturity of the 700MHz 5G industry chain and incubate and cultivate 5G industry applications.
(2) Base station construction
1. China Mobile: Co-construct and share 400,000 700MHz 5G base stations
On January 26, 2021, China Mobile and China Radio and Television formally signed a 5G strategic agreement to co-construct and share. The strategic cooperation agreement officially launched the co-construction and sharing of 700MHz 5G networks. The new construction, expansion, and renovation of 700MHz wireless networks (including but not limited to base stations, antennas, and necessary wireless supporting equipment) will be jointly invested by both parties in a 1:1 ratio. It is expected to be completed by the end of 2021 Completed the construction of 400,000 700MHz 5G base stations. In 2021, we will basically achieve good 5G coverage in cities, counties and some key towns across the country, improve the 3+3+X data center layout, and increase the installed capacity by 1.08 million. Accelerate the promotion of 5GSA end-to-end technology improvement and industry maturity.
2. China Unicom: The construction of 5G base stations will reach 700,000
China Unicom plans to invest approximately 35 billion yuan in 5G construction in 2021, including 5G access network equipment, core network, transmission supporting equipment, and business platforms , billing transformation, etc., it is expected to jointly build and share more than 250,000 5G base stations with China Telecom, covering all prefectures and cities across the country.
In 2021, China Unicom will seize the wave of 5G empowering vertical industries, continue to carry out ecological construction and co-construction and sharing with China Telecom, and promote high-quality 5G network construction. 2021 is still the investment period for 5G construction. It is expected that the number of 5G base stations will expand to 700,000, with an additional 320,000. 5G-related capital expenditures will be approximately 35 billion yuan, an increase of approximately 2.9% over last year. It is expected that in 2022, the number of 5G base stations will continue to expand to 1 million, the large-scale deployment of 5G networks will be basically completed, and regional 5G network coverage will be basically achieved in major urban areas, highways, railways, key counties, and large towns.
3. China Telecom: It is expected to build 320,000 new 5G base stations
In 2021, China Telecom will deploy 5G networks on demand and cover all counties and some towns. It is estimated that 320,000 5G base stations will be jointly built and shared, and 3.5GHz will be used to expand capacity in medium- and high-traffic areas; 2.1GHz will be used in counties and some towns to achieve wide coverage; and co-construction and sharing of the entire industry will be promoted in rural areas, railways, and highways.
4. China Radio and Television: It is expected to build 400,000 5G base stations
In 2021, China Radio and Television and China Mobile plan to build 400,000 700MHz 5G base stations, basically covering more than 90% of the administrative villages in the country. By the end of 2020, 700MHz will enable full network coverage of radio and television 5G.
(3) Operation services
1. China Mobile: Accelerate the comprehensive operation of 5G
China Mobile comprehensively promotes the opening of 5G+AICDE capabilities and provides ubiquitous intelligent cloud and edge computing services. Focus on deepening value operations based on scale, accelerating the comprehensive operation of 5G, innovating the operation of information "high-speed rail", making up for shortcomings in key areas, accelerating the construction of digital infrastructure, new channel systems and smart middle offices, and improving service quality.
2. China Unicom: Relying on "1 Department, 2 Centers" to strengthen operational services
China Unicom promotes development through reform and continues to promote ecological construction and co-construction and sharing. In the reform of the network department, China Unicom established "1 department and 2 centers", namely the network department, cloud network operation center, and smart network innovation center. China Unicom has launched 5G virtual private network, hybrid private network and independent private network. Among them, 5G virtual private network is based on 5G public network coverage and provides customers with a private network with guaranteed latency and bandwidth and data isolation. It is suitable for Wide-area security demand scenarios, with the characteristics of wide-area networking, priority guarantee, customer self-service, and ready-to-use; 5G hybrid private network is a 5G private network with exclusive resources. It deploys user plane network elements downward and is suitable for The local open scenario has the characteristics of tailor-made, resource sharing, and data does not leave the campus; the 5G independent private network is suitable for local closed scenarios, with private services for network element equipment, and has the characteristics of physical isolation, independent operation, and flexible self-management. Network capabilities that provide super uplink bandwidth. China Unicom launched the CUII bearer network for industrial external networks to realize SDN transformation and provide customers with one-point cloud access and flexible networking services.
3. MiddleChina Telecom: Accelerate cloud network integration to serve vertical industry users
The main way for China Telecom to improve operational service levels is to accelerate the construction of infrastructure for cloud network integration, actively empower internal and external digital transformation, and create unique competitive advantages. China Telecom adheres to the cloud-to-digital transformation strategy. China Telecom's advantage lies in fixed broadband users. It mainly actively seizes development opportunities in vertical industries, leaps beyond connections and marches into the field of comprehensive intelligent information services, empowers thousands of industries, and expands new space for enterprises. China Telecom has accelerated the popularization of 5G, accounting for more than 80% of 5G terminal sales, building 5G thousand-yuan machines on a large scale, and fully switching to SA. Smart home terminals have been fully upgraded, with large-scale customization of routers and housekeeping terminals, Wi-Fi 6 leadership, end-to-cloud integration with AI, and cross-terminal integration. At the same time, we are exploring the development of whole-house intelligence from single families to whole communities. Continue to make breakthroughs in 5G modules, CPE/MiFi, unmanned vehicles, robots, media backpacks, law enforcement recorders and other industry terminals, empowering new media, industrial Internet, public safety, smart medical, and smart park scenarios.
4. China Radio and Television: Enhance the core competitiveness of content + network
China Radio and Television will leverage the advantages of co-construction, sharing and low frequency to quickly achieve nationwide 5G coverage and launch 5G services for industries and individuals. . On the basis of ensuring the safe broadcast of content, China Radio and Television will take the integration of one network and 5G construction as an opportunity to develop new technologies, new models, and new business formats to enhance the core competitiveness of content + network. In addition to taking advantage of the opportunities of 5G licenses and network construction, China Radio and Television has implemented the "National Cable TV Network Integrated Development Implementation Plan" to promote in-depth integration in various regions and accelerate spectrum cleanup and network construction efficiency. At the same time, Radio and Television also uses its own content advantages to strengthen the development and application of new generation information technology in cable TV networks, actively promote network IP, cloud, and intelligent upgrades, and build the core competitiveness of content platforms and new technologies.
(4) Application Scenarios
1. China Mobile: Implementing 5G+ industry demonstration applications
In 2021, China Mobile will promote the implementation of 100 5G demonstration applications in 15 industries to support industrial transformation and upgrading; ecological upgrade , unite partners to deepen cross-border and cross-domain integration innovation, and accelerate the iterative maturity of 5G technology, industry and business models. China Mobile will launch the "5G+ Blooming Action", implement the "100 billion" industry promotion plan, and build a new 5G commercial ecosystem. Create special services such as 5G messaging, ultra-high-definition video, VR/AR, and video ringback tones, and implement 5G smart ports, smart mines, smart factories, smart grids and other industry applications.
2. China Unicom: Focus on advantageous areas and innovate business layout
In terms of C-end applications, on the basis of continuing to promote ultra-high-definition videos such as VR/AR, 4K/8K, and innovatively launch video ring tones, 5G A series of innovative application pilots such as messaging.
In terms of B-side applications, in 2021, China Unicom and China Telecom will continue to adhere to the focus strategy, focus on key areas, and accelerate the improvement of the three urban agglomerations, key economic belts, and Hainan Free Trade Zone, as well as network coverage in smart cities, digital government, smart medical, industrial Internet and other industry gathering areas and industrial cluster areas to support the development of the TOB industry.
3. China Telecom: Continue to expand and enrich 5G application scenarios
In 2021, China Telecom will continue to expand and enrich 5G application scenarios, including smart policing, Internet of Vehicles, smart manufacturing, smart education, smart ecology, etc. In the field of smart policing, China Telecom integrates 5G networks, smart devices, AI, cloud computing, three-dimensional big data visualization and other technologies to realize scenario applications such as high-altitude drone patrols, motorcycle patrols along the road and cloud-linked command, providing comprehensive Smart police solutions. In the field of Internet of Vehicles, 5G networks support real-time backhaul of high-definition videos, making driverless driving more reliable. At the same time, 5G can provide high-precision positioning services for many industries, helping to establish people-to-people, vehicle-to-vehicle, and vehicle-to-road testing facilities. , intelligent communication system between vehicles and networks. In the field of intelligent manufacturing, the high-bandwidth characteristics of the 5G network are used to realize high-definition video backhaul and assist remote expert guidance; the low-latency characteristics of the 5G network are fully utilized and innovatively applied to the precise control of remote robots to achieve human-machine collaboration to facilitate machinery. The arm can respond quickly in special scenarios. In the field of smart education, the high capacity and low latency of 5G networks are used to support educational experiences such as remote classes, teaching analysis, and VR teaching interaction. In the field of intelligent ecology, China Telecom 5G provides an intelligent control platform and high-definition panoramic real-time backhaul video for many ecological management services that require large bandwidth and low latency to achieve three-dimensional monitoring, intelligent analysis and fully linked management.
4. China Radio and Television: Focus on smart mining, smart water, and smart medical care
In 2021, China Radio and Television will build a "cable network + virtual private network + 5G private network", through the signaling control and encryption of the virtual private network HLS conducts live broadcasts and expands existing application areas. In 2021, China Radio and Television's 5G network can be applied in fields such as smart mining, smart water affairs, and smart medical care. In the field of smart mining, 5G networks can realize applications such as drone driving of mine trucks, remote control of video surveillance, drone measurement and inspection, vehicle-to-car communication collaboration, and remote control of excavators. In the field of smart water affairs, AI, 5G and other technologies can be used to monitor water temperature, water level, etc., and achieve interconnection and interoperability with the central computer room of the Hydrology Bureau; water affairs sensing is used as the terminal to complete information collection, achieving real-time monitoring, flood prevention and early warning, Flood control emergency command, comprehensive business management, and an urban water affairs comprehensive command and dispatch center, known as the "water affairs brain", are built at the display layer. In the field of smart medical care, the advantages of Radio and Television 5G can be used to create a service platform for large-screen TV users that integrates daily light consultations, health reminders, and early warning guidance; Radio and Television 5G focuses on smart hospitals and rich medical content. The core support relies on exclusive interview videos with well-known experts, online consultations, expert appointments, chronic disease management, etc., and through one-screen products, it opens up information sharing channels with the National Health Commission and enriches large-screen applications. In 2021, China Radio and Television will join hands with Huawei, Tencent, and HainanHigh-quality partners such as Kangweishi, Alibaba, and Inspur have carried out all-round cooperation in the fields of smart cities, smart campuses, smart campuses, Xueliang Engineering, and industrial Internet of Things to build a new 5G ecosystem for radio and television.
Saizhi Times believes that while the construction of 5G networks continues to be in-depth, operators are gradually shifting their focus to industry applications, and the door to 5G industry applications is about to be opened.
Note: This article is excerpted from the research report completed by Zhou Jun, Feng Jiaojiao and Feng Shinan of the Saizhi Times 5G industry research group. For details, please click on the industry report column of Yinlu.com to read.

② What are the general products and services of China Unicom Chain

DDOS protection, threat monitoring, cloud WAF, situational awareness, and digital certificates. "Unicom Chain" is a unified platform for China Unicom's blockchain products and capabilities. It has the characteristics of independent trust, terminal network integration, cross-cloud and cross-chain, and open cooperation. It is a trustworthy chain in the 5G era. "Unicom Chain" actively empowers applications in digital government, smart cities, industrial Internet, medical and health, cultural tourism, transportation and other fields, forming a capability system of "industry applications + blockchain". China Unicom Chain forms a blockchain capability base through "1" BaaS platform and "8" general service components, creates "N" innovative applications empowered by blockchain, and actively empowers digital government, smart cities, and the industrial Internet. , medical and health, culture and tourism, transportation and other fields, providing trusted infrastructure for the construction of digital economy in the 5G era. "China Unicom Chain" has the characteristics of independence and trustworthiness, terminal-network integration, cross-cloud and cross-chain, and open cooperation. DDoS protection, threat monitoring, cloud WAF, situational awareness, digital certificates, etc. Unicom Chain is committed to providing China Unicom's government and enterprise customers with a high-quality network security environment in the cloud, pipe and terminal. Common product services mainly include DDoS protection, threat monitoring, cloud WAF, situational awareness, digital certificates, etc. "China Unicom Chain" actively empowers applications in digital government, smart cities, industrial Internet, medical and health, culture and tourism, transportation and other fields. According to Liang Baojun, deputy general manager of China Unicom, China Unicom Chain is a unified platform for China Unicom’s blockchain products and capabilities. China Unicom Chain includes the blockchain technology, products, platforms and a series of industry solutions independently developed by China Unicom. It aims to promote the construction of digital economy and improve the level of government governance, and is oriented to solve practical industry problems. It integrates China Unicom 5G and "cloud technology". New-generation information technology capabilities such as "Dawu Zhi'an" help government and enterprise customers digitally transform. They have the characteristics of independent trust, end-network integration, cross-cloud and cross-chain, and open cooperation. They are the trust chain in the 5G era.

③ 400,000 base stations! China Telecommunications Union jointly builds the world's largest 5G SA network

From June 28 to July 1, the 2021 World Mobile Communications Conference arrived as scheduled. At the 5G Co-construction and Sharing Summit held on June 29, Zhang Xin, general manager of China Telecom’s 5G Co-construction and Sharing Working Group, said that since the full launch of the 5G network co-construction and sharing work in September 2019, China Telecom and China Unicom have built The world's largest 5G SA co-construction and shared commercial network. This is not only for ChinaSocial development, economic promotion and global operators have all had a strong response, and it is unprecedented in the history of the development of the global communications industry.

Three major challenges of 5G co-construction and sharing

Zhang Xin pointed out that China Telecom and China Unicom are the top 10 operators in the world. For two operators with such large scale, Although the resources of both parties are highly complementary, in the face of difficulties and challenges with no ready-made experience to follow, no standard technical solutions, and no successful cases to learn from, to achieve success in co-building and sharing 5G networks, we need to face and solve the following three problems.

First, there is the complexity of network management. As two operators with billions of users in the world, to carry out full 5G co-construction and sharing in the vast country of China, we need to face the resource status, planning goals, construction processes, maintenance standards, optimization strategies, etc. of both parties' networks. Differences in aspects require consideration of issues such as efficient organizational restructuring processes and collaborative management.

Secondly, network technology is uncertain. In order for the 5G network to simultaneously meet the network construction needs and user perception of the two operators, it must be coordinated in terms of technical standards, network evolution, user strategies, etc. There are no mature cases in the world to learn from, and it also requires technical research and innovative solutions. question.

Finally, there is the challenge of network operations. China Telecom and China Unicom have opened and operated more than 400,000 5G co-construction and shared base stations. How to solve the problems of visibility and management of network data of both parties, efficient and fair resource allocation, and ensuring mutual trust under the co-construction and sharing network are all issues of co-construction and sharing. Problems that need to be solved during shared network operations.

Facing the difficulties of 5G co-construction and sharing

Faced with complex network collaborative management issues, China Telecom and China Unicom established a cross-operator project team and established Full-time co-construction and sharing agencies at the group, provincial and municipal levels share the responsibilities of 5G planning, technology, mechanism, coordination and supervision, and have innovated the co-construction and sharing management organizational mechanism.

On the other hand, to optimize the process reconstruction, both parties seek common ground while reserving differences, reshape the process, and jointly formulate a series of processes such as planning, construction, maintenance, and optimization in accordance with the principles of unified planning, partition construction, collaborative maintenance, and joint optimization. , promoted the end-to-end collaboration of "planning, construction, maintenance, and optimization", fully utilized the resource endowments of both parties, doubled the scale, bandwidth, and speed, and led the customer perception.

Technological innovation of 5G co-construction and sharing

In terms of technological innovation, Zhang Xin said that an important prerequisite for network co-construction and sharing is to ensure the independence of the businesses of both parties. After extensive technical verification, China Telecom and China Unicom have adopted a technical solution for access network sharing, which avoids extensive customization and transformation of the core networks of both parties and meets the network requirements of logical end-to-end controllable, manageable and rapid deployment. 5G builds a shared network architecture with one physical network and two logical networks.

At the same time, since the industrial chain of SA networks and terminals is not yet mature in the early stages of 5G commercialization, China Telecom and China Unicom took into account factors such as the frequency strategies of both parties' 4G networks, network compounding, equipment manufacturer differences, as well as user experience, project progress, maintenance difficulty, etc. After repeated technical demonstrations and field experiments, it was the first in the world to propose a series of sharing solutions such as single anchor point solution, double anchor point solution, anchor point concession and anchor point priority for NSA access network sharing, promoting both NSA and SA to SA Transition technology solution for rapid and smooth evolution. According to Zhang Xin, this solution can meet the requirements of different business scenarios based on the existing network load and user needs, and achieves the technical requirements of coexistence of NSA and SA in the early stage and independent SA networking in the later stage.

According to Zhang Xin, in the process of SA network evolution, both parties have broken through a series of SA's key evolution technical problems such as user data migration, automatic user default activation, SA VPDN, and compatibility of terminal and network key parameters. This ensures the stability and efficiency of the entire network evolution process, and the user experience is not affected.

First, it innovated the user data migration solution and realized the dynamic migration of single user data to the 5G network, avoiding the huge risk of one-time migration of massive user data and saving hundreds of millions of yuan in data migration customization network. The cost of RMB 10,000 not only reduces the cost of 5G user migration, but also enables users to use 5G without changing cards or numbers.

The second is to innovate the voice fallback solution. Voice service is the most basic service that affects user perception. Before VoNR has commercial capabilities, there will be differences in the 3G/4G voice bearer networks of both parties and inconsistent QoS policy configurations. In order to solve the problem, the two parties formulated a technical strategy plan for voice configuration to enable users on both sides to smoothly fall back to their respective networks and ensure that the voice service perception of users on both sides is not affected.

The third is innovative frequency solutions. China Telecom and China Unicom have proposed a solution to share 200M outdoors and 300M indoors. According to user needs and network load, flexible configuration on demand, independent carrier and shared carrier methods, It has reached a peak rate of 2.7Gbps for single users on the global C-BAND commercial network.

In addition, China Telecom and China Unicom have also conquered the core technical capabilities of software and hardware equipment.

First, the two parties have joined forces with upstream and downstream enterprises to break through the technical bottlenecks of key components such as 200M large-bandwidth highly integrated intermediate frequency chips and 3.5G GaN large-bandwidth power amplifier filters, promoting the development of large-bandwidth equipment in the mid-frequency band. The maturity of standards and industrial chains.

Second, in response to the problem of limited 3.5GHz sector coverage, both parties innovatively proposed 5G super uplink technology and incorporated the core standards of R16. Through frequency collaboration of 3.5GHz and 2.1GHz, network capacity and coverage performance are improved.

Third, in response to the personalized customized network needs of various industries, we innovatively proposed a slicing method that reserves PRB resources, allowing wireless resources to be flexibly distributed between different slices.Live isolation and sharing ensure the delivery of high-guarantee SLAs.

Operational innovation of 5G co-construction and sharing

Faced with the difficulties and challenges of network operations, China Telecom and China Unicom actively responded with three major measures. First, the two parties have innovatively opened up the dual northbound interfaces of the power network management, making the network configuration parameters of both parties visible and checkable, ensuring the sharing of basic data and resource information, and realizing information interoperability. The second is the pioneering introduction of blockchain technology, using its decentralization, tamper-proof, traceability and other characteristics to ensure sharing through product applications such as key parameters on-chain certificate storage, two-way confirmation and empowerment of work orders, and smart contract scheduling. The network can be managed and trusted, and resources can be scheduled fairly and efficiently. Third, in the face of the high energy consumption problem of 5G, we built a 5G base station AI big data intelligent energy-saving platform to solve the unified base station intelligent energy-saving problems of the entire network, cross-vendors, and cross-4G/5G collaboration, making the comprehensive energy-saving efficiency of 5G base stations reach more than 15%.

At the end of the speech, Zhang Xin said that after two years of innovation and practice, China Telecom and China Unicom quickly built a high-quality 5G network covering all cities across the country, providing strong support for the development of the two 5G services. Strong network infrastructure guarantee. But Zhang Xin admitted frankly that there are still many issues that need to be explored and studied, such as how to more flexibly meet ToB application requirements and achieve end-to-end slicing capabilities in a shared network environment; how to empower blockchain and share network technology and operations; How to build a multi-party mutual trust mechanism; how to pool multiple frequency bands with high efficiency to quickly realize 2G/3G/4G spectrum re-farming.

"We hope to use the GSMA platform to work with operators, manufacturers and other industry partners to continue to conduct in-depth research on the technology, operations and evolution of shared networks." Zhang Xin said.

④ Which fields are blockchain suitable for?

The first one is the information security industry.
The second one is the bill business field
The third one is the payment and settlement business.
Fourth, identity/account authentication business.
Fifth, each node participating in the maintenance of the equity proof blockchain can obtain a complete data record. Using the characteristics of reliable and collective maintenance of the blockchain, the rights of the owners of equity can be confirmed.
Blockchain technology is really powerful. With the advancement of the times, this technology may change the development direction and trend of the financial industry, and because the blockchain technology itself has large capacity, high-speed computing, security, and convenience And other characteristics have laid a strong foundation for the advancement and popularization of technology.