区块链是否会替代大数据?并简述原因,区块链为什么需要代币

『一』What is blockchain and what role does blockchain play

What is blockchain? What changes will it bring to your future life?

Blockchain is a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithms.

Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database. As the underlying technology of Bitcoin, it is a series of related cryptographic methods. Each data block contains a batch of Bitcoin network transaction information, which is used to verify the validity of the information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block.

In the original English version of the Bitcoin white paper, the word blockchain does not actually appear, but chain of blocks is used. In the earliest Chinese translation of the Bitcoin white paper, chain of blocks was translated into blockchain. This is the earliest time when the Chinese word "blockchain" appeared.

The Cyberspace Administration of China issued the "Blockchain Information Service Management Regulations" on January 10, 2019, which will come into effect on February 15, 2019.

In a narrow sense, blockchain is a chain data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is cryptographically guaranteed to be non-tamperable and non-tamperable. Unforgeable distributed ledger.

Broadly speaking, blockchain technology uses block chain data structures to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithms to generate and update data, and uses cryptography to ensure data transmission and Access security, a new distributed infrastructure and computing method that uses smart contracts composed of automated script codes to program and operate data.

In fact, to understand it very simply and vividly, we can imagine that everything in life is realized in digital form, including food, clothing, housing, transportation, medical treatment, education, etc., based on the Internet, it can be easily done at home Get it done, no matter where you go to do business or trade, you can completely operate it with your mobile phone. With the continuous development, everything we do can be easily completed online, such as volumetric work, production, planting, etc. Of course, the rise of 5g will bring about the end No one can accurately predict what it is now, but it will definitely bring about earth-shaking changes in life and social form!

Blockchain was born from Satoshi Nakamoto’s Bitcoin. Since 2009, various Bitcoin-like digital currencies have appeared, all based on public blockchains.

The current situation of digital currencies is that a hundred flowers are blooming. List some common ones: bitcoin, litecoin, dogecoin, OKcoinetc, in addition to currency applications, there are also various derivative applications, such as NXT, SIA, BitShares, MaidSafe, Ripple, Ethereum, etc.

On January 20, 2016, the People’s Bank of China Digital Currency Seminar announced that it had achieved phased results in digital currency research. The meeting affirmed the value of digital currency in reducing the issuance of traditional currency and stated that the central bank is exploring the issuance of digital currency.

Some areas where blockchain can be used can be:

▪ Smart contracts

▪ Securities trading

▪ E-commerce

▪ Internet of Things

▪ Social communication

▪ File storage

▪ Proof of existence

▪ Identity verification

▪ Equity crowdfunding

The development of the blockchain can be compared to the development of the Internet itself. In the future, there will be an Internet called finance-internet, and this thing is based on blockchain, its precursor is bitcoin, that is, traditional finance starts from private chains and industry chains (local area network), and the bitcoin series starts from public chains (wide area network), both expressing the same The concept of digital assets (Digital Asset) eventually converges to an intermediate equilibrium point.

The core advantages of the blockchain architecture include:

Any node can create a transaction, and after a period of confirmation, it can reasonably confirm whether the transaction is Effectively, blockchain can effectively prevent problems from happening on both sides. The cost of trying to rewrite or modify transaction records is very high. Blockchain implements two types of records: transactions and blocks. Transactions are the actual data stored on the blockchain, while blocks are records confirming when and in what order certain transactions became part of the blockchain database. Transactions are created by participants using the system in the normal course (in the case of cryptocurrencies, a transaction is created by Bob sending tokens to Alice), while blocks are created by what we call Units of miners are responsible for creation.

So in conclusion, this is undoubtedly a new technology that changes life. In the future, the production activities of the entire society will use blockchain as the bottom layer.Logic unfolds, and many things are at our fingertips. Coupled with the integration of artificial intelligence and big data, we can easily handle things that seem to be complicated now, such as some securities market transactions and the intelligentization of financial management activities. match.

To put it simply, blockchain is a network computing center that integrates people, property, machines, and goods, and packages it into a whole; putting it on an infrastructure to run the network computing center .

Now the author’s imagination is not big enough to imagine what the future world will be like. I am looking forward to it!

I know a thing or two about this issue. Let’s get to know this mysterious thing - blockchain.

Blockchain is a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithms. Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database. As the underlying technology of Bitcoin, it is a series of data blocks generated using cryptographic methods. Each The data block contains information about a batch of Bitcoin network transactions, which is used to verify the validity of the information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block

The more popular it is, the more fake it is to keep the real. First of all, we must first figure out what the real blockchain technology is.

As an example, take buying fruits online.

The process of purchasing fruits online is as follows:

Using blockchain technology and decentralization, the process of purchasing fruits is as follows:

Summary:

1. We found that the original transaction process is: buyers and sellers make transactions, and all key processes are dealing with the payment platform. The advantage of this is that if there is a problem in any link, both sellers and buyers can seek help through the platform and let the platform arbitrate. However, a major bug or hacker attack occurs on the platform, resulting in the loss of all transfer records within a period of time. How to deal with the loss is a troublesome matter.

2. The transaction process using blockchain technology is: everyone’s ledger has exactly the same transaction record. Even if Alipay’s ledger server is broken, the seller’s ledger still exists, and the buyer’s ledger still exists. Still exists. Once this transaction occurs, the traces will never be erased.

This is the core of the blockchain, which is the four words "accounting + accounting".

The development and maturity of blockchain technology cannot be separated from the foundation and foreshadowing of the above new generation of Internet technology. Blockchain is not only a technology, but also provides a service model and solution. , which has played an extremely important role in promoting the further development of the Internet industry.

1. Blockchain + Finance

2. Blockchain + Supply Chain Management

3. Blockchain + Intelligent Manufacturing

4. Blockchain + Public Services

5. Blockchain + Education and Employment

6. Blockchain + Culture and Entertainment

7. Blockchain Chain + payment

8. Blockchain + invoice {Already enabled in Shenzhen}

The traceability and non-tamperability of blockchain are innate with the nature and needs of the financial industry , just combined together, this makes the application of blockchain in the field of financial services the most in-depth and relatively mature field so far. Blockchain technology has broad application prospects. The future technological competition will also be a blockchain competition.

It is important to understand blockchain, which is important to see through various pseudo-blockchain scams.

If someone uses a bunch of professional terms to explain blockchain, it will be difficult for you to understand, and they may not really understand it themselves.

Therefore, we first establish a psychological line of defense. Anyone who sells you concepts and uses a lot of unfamiliar technical terms may be a liar. Be very careful!

To understand blockchain, you must know what the core appeal of blockchain is. What do you think you are most worried about in today's highly developed Internet world?

Privacy, yes, privacy. How to protect privacy? You may be monitored at any time, and any of your personal information may be stolen at any time. If personal privacy is not absolutely protected, the Internet will become another pyramid of power. Who is standing on top of the pyramid? He is the smartest technical master, a platform provider, and an information regulator. You and I may be the people at the bottom of this pyramid.

The people who originally invented the blockchain had serious concerns about being completely swallowed up by the Internet, and tried to create an absolutely safe encryption technology to lock up personal privacy. This technology completely subverts traditional encryption technology. In fact, rather than locking up privacy, it is better to tear it into pieces and then distribute the pieces to different people for private keeping. Unless everyone agrees to take the pieces and piece together the complete code, the truth cannot be recreated. This is the first mechanism of blockchain, which is decentralization.

But decentralization alone is not enough. It is also necessary to make those who steal password fragments have nowhere to hide, so that every action of the thief can be recorded indelibly and posted everywhere on the Internet. Diffuse and make it public. This is the second mechanism of the blockchain, the non-anonymous mechanism. Do you think, who snoops into privacy is not sneaky?

To sum up, the blockchain is to decentralize and hide privacyRise up and document and make public any actions that reproduce this privacy. Seeing this, you may want to applaud the blockchain. Don't worry, how can there be such a good thing in the world? Is there any utopia that is absolutely safe? If blockchain can be realized in an absolute sense, will the existence of the government still be meaningful? Yes, blockchain was originally the embodiment of anarchy. Its ultimate meaning is destined to never be realized. Its survival may have to rely on power, and it is destined to become another beautifully packaged lie and a pretense to deceive others. In this sense, the government must also specify a framework for the development of the blockchain, reconstruct the value of the blockchain, and expel the anti-government and anti-national attempts contained in the blockchain. Some blockchain technologies can be used in concrete applications, but decentralization must not be promoted. In short, we must remain highly vigilant about blockchain. Beauty often hides its sting. Absolutely ideal recipes often turn out to be poison. The person who says he can absolutely protect your privacy and financial security is the real voyeur and vampire.

Perhaps the best way for us to protect privacy is not to have any privacy, to live completely openly, or to live like a sun or a god of wine.

Viewpoint: 1. The concept of blockchain originated from the technical attributes of Bitcoin (distributed data storage and accounting, decentralization, inability to tamper with transaction records, point-to-point information transmission, sharing mechanism...), but Later, some people continued to extend and expand the concept to many commercial fields to facilitate capital speculation. 2. Blockchain in reality (the current blockchain on the market is very confusing), the hype concept is mostly used to make money in the stock market, and there is still a lack of regulatory loopholes. , legal and regulatory issues, etc., and even money laundering (the actual operation of blockchain products is one thing, the capital operation behind it is another). At present, the computer systems around the world cannot meet the characteristics of blockchain attributes. Technical requirements (such as distributed data storage and accounting, decentralization...), network bandwidth, storage technology and computer computing systems cannot meet transaction operation requirements (it is easy to use computer technology to make your network clogged or unable to complete distribution) There are risks arising from practical applications such as formal data storage or transactions being interrupted or delayed at any time. In addition, as far as the current global computer system is concerned, it is easy to crack the underlying program of the blockchain (this is a fatal flaw in the current global computers, 0 and 1 binary logic In addition, if the reverse blockchain mode calculation algorithm is used, it is very easy to crack the blockchain. This reverse calculation mode can also completely tamper with all transaction records. If a true quantum computer becomes available in the future, it can directly break all blockchain computers in seconds. System, Bitcoin mining is a Ponzi scheme, 3. Most of the blockchains currently on the global market are basically capital speculation concepts to make money.

The concept of blockchain has been around for several years. , I heard a blockchain boss say at the beginning of last year that 2018 is the best year for the development of blockchain. After this year, foreign development will fall behind. What is blockchain? In terms of impact, it is like a pig. Large intestine, connected section by section. Blockchain is to connect these blocks together, fix them, and use computer and Internet encryption technology to prevent secrets from being leaked to the outside world. This technology cannot be explained to non-professionals through professional terminology, and generally they will not understand it. It can only be explained with an analogy. Let me give you two examples:

1. Four people, A, B, C and D, play mahjong and gamble in a mahjong parlor. They use chips for each game and settle the bill at once when they break up. A loses 1,500 yuan and B loses 300 yuan. Yuan, C won 200, and D won 1,600. As a result, A only has 1,000 yuan, and everyone else has sorted it out, but A still owes D 400 yuan. Only these four people know about this matter, and these four people are one block. There is no proof for what he says, and he doesn’t know how to write an IOU for this kind of thing. What will happen if A doesn’t pay back the money in the future? Except for the four people A, B, C and D present, no one else knows about this. If A wants to default on the debt and says that he does not owe money at all, only three people, B, B, D and D, know that A is defaulting on the debt. It is difficult for others to judge whether A owes money and refuses to pay it back. Therefore, the value of blockchain needs to expand participation. What if these four people were playing mahjong and a dozen friends were watching? Isn’t the cost of defaulting on the loan high? This is real life block. What about extending to the Internet? Then there are endless possibilities and there are many scenarios.

2. If four people, A, B, C and D, do business in a business group of 500 people, this group of 500 people is a big block. Once, A asked B for 10,000 yuan of goods, but did not pay B in time. A said at that time that he would pay B within 3 days. Everyone in the group knows this. If A fails to send money to B within 3 days, then the other 498 business partners in the group will know about it. If A defaults on the debt, his reputation in this business circle will be ruined. affected. This is a block.

Later, A wanted to do business with C. C asked A for goods. A said that you should pay a deposit of 5,000 yuan and the goods will be shipped immediately. C paid 5,000 yuan to A, but A was delayed. Not shipping, everyone in the group knows this, this is another block. When the two blocks are connected, everyone doubts A's credibility. How many times have you done this? Will Mr. A continue to play in the future? This is the value of blockchain.

Blockchain may seem complicated, but it is not complicated at all; it may seem simple, but it is actually very difficult to operate. The blocks are too small and meaningless. If a block wants to grow bigger, privacy and business secrets will be involved. For example, it is inconvenient to talk about falling in love in a large group; for example, it is inconvenient to discuss it publicly in the group (block) beforehand when working together to do big business. However, there are still occasions when blockchain technology is used, such as poverty alleviation work, disaster relief fund management, etc. It is exposed to the sun and everyone knows it and supervises each other. I’ve given these two examples. Do you understand them at all?

[The most core and easy-to-understand introduction to blockchain]

1. How does blockchain create trust? We summarize it with "1", "2", and "3"Characteristics of blockchain:

- "1" summarizes blockchain in one sentence: a trusted distributed database;

- "2" core properties: distributed , cannot be tampered with;

- "3" key mechanisms: cryptography principles, data storage structure, and consensus mechanism.

The "distributed" and "non-tamperable" properties ensure the "honesty" and "transparency" of the blockchain, which is the basis for the blockchain to create trust.

2. In terms of industry, it is expected that the financial industry will be dominated by the financial industry in the next 3-5 years, gradually radiating to other real industries, more realistic scenarios will be accelerated, and the industry will develop from "1 to N" to Including entertainment, product traceability, credit reporting, etc.

In the future, in addition to using technologies such as side chains, lightning networks, and cross-chains, blockchain will also need to be deeply integrated with emerging information technologies such as 5G, artificial intelligence, big data, and the Internet of Things to enhance the Technical performance and off-chain data quality and reduce resource waste.

3. Smart contracts may be the most revolutionary application on the blockchain. If smart contracts are widely used on the blockchain, the economic division of labor will be further refined in the Internet era. Network nodes around the world will directly connect demand and production, and broader social collaboration will be realized.

If the above vision is realized, the combination of blockchain technology and industry is expected to usher in an explosive moment "from 1 to N". Its explosion may not be linear but non-linear. Blockchain Only then can the chain be upgraded from a "trust machine" to an important "engine" leading the industry wave.

Decentralization. Prevent cheating. It used to be that one person kept accounts and could make changes. Now there are 50 people. Each person records an entry and everyone has a record in the account book. Can you make changes to all 50? All 50 ledgers are valid unless they are all changed. So it's very useful.

I saw many people answering that ordinary people cannot understand intuitively. Let me explain simply and clearly, blockchain is decentralized. When something happens, everyone writes it down and has their own password, which cannot be tampered with.

Even if a hacker wants to change it, he has to do it one by one, which will tire him out. In fact, it is impossible, at least for now.

Blockchain is a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithms.

Blockchain originated from Bitcoin and is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database. As the underlying technology of Bitcoin, it is a series of cryptographic methods. The associated data blocks are generated. Each data block contains a batch of Bitcoin network transaction information, which is used to verify the validity of its information and generate the next block.

Blockchain has potentially huge application value in financial fields such as international exchange, letters of credit, equity registration and stock exchanges. The application of blockchain technology in the financial industry can eliminate the need for third-party intermediaries and achieve direct point-to-point connection, thereby greatly reducing costs and quickly completing transaction payments.

After reading so many expert advices, I am still confused. I only remember that someone used this so-called "blockchain" to do pyramid schemes in the past...

『二』 I searched Cailu.com, a blockchain website on Baidu, and saw an article talking about the advantages of blockchain, but I couldn’t understand it. Please educate yourself.

Blockchain is today’s A hot topic in the field of financial technology, attention and research on this technology have shown explosive growth. Some people believe that blockchain is the fifth disruptive innovation after mainframes, personal computers, the Internet, and mobile Internet. It is expected to reshape the form of human social activities like the Internet and realize the transformation from the current information Internet to the value Internet. .
Blockchain technology in a narrow sense is a decentralized shared ledger that combines data blocks into a specific data structure in a chain in chronological order, and is encrypted and cannot be tampered with or forged. It can safely store simple , data that are sequential and can be verified within the system. Compared with traditional technology, blockchain has the following advantages:
1. It is difficult to tamper and more secure. The data recording method of the blockchain makes it extremely difficult to modify a certain data without changing all subsequent data records. This can be proven by the fact that the Bitcoin database with a market value of over 100 billion US dollars can operate stably under hacker attacks.
2. Strong reliability. If a node in the blockchain encounters network problems, hardware failures, software errors, or is controlled by hackers, it will not affect the system and other participating nodes, ensuring that the overall network will not be affected after local problems occur.
3. Smart contracts and automatic execution. Smart contracts are computer programs that run on a replicable and shared ledger. They can not only execute automatically, but are also participants in the system. You can think of it as an absolutely trustworthy person who is responsible for the temporary custody of your assets and strictly follows the pre-agreed rules. Smart contracts have the advantages of transparency, credibility, automatic execution, and mandatory performance.
4. The mesh direct collaboration mechanism is more transparent. The blockchain connects the participants in a peer-to-peer manner, and the responsibilities of the participants are clear.

『三』What is blockchain is not that Bitcoin evolves slowly, but that we evolve slowly

Since the word blockchain was abstracted from Bitcoin , a peculiar ideological narrative permeates the entire industry. The narrative goes like this: Bitcoin is a slow and old broken carriage that has not seen any improvement in more than ten years and has no cool features. Of course, due to the natural nature of human beings to "don't get up early without benefit"I mean, the person who told you such rubbish is definitely not someone who is too full to make trouble. Instead, he will usually take the opportunity to sell you what he is selling after seeing that you are doubtful about the big pie (BTC) in your hand. The popular sports car project.

At 13:15:27 pm on November 14th, Beijing time, with the block height 709632 being mined, it was one of the most important upgrades of Bitcoin since the Segregated Witness upgrade in 2017. , Taproot was upgraded and successfully activated (in June this year, more than 90% of the miners voted to lock-in, so this activation is a clear sign).

This block contains a V1_P2TR transaction by chainside co-founder Federico Tenga. In this transaction, Federico appended a sentence to OP_RETURNDATA: gm taproot. It is believed to be the first Taproot transaction in history. In order to grab this ranking, Federico paid a mining fee (handling fee) of 2510 sat/vB, which is about 500 times the normal mining fee (less than 10 sat/vB). [1]

Taproot upgrade brings us many benefits such as block expansion, better privacy, and enhanced scalability. These benefits are primarily due to the introduction of two technologies. One is the Schnorr signature, and the other is MAST (Merkelized abstract syntax tree).

Schnorr signatures can compress the size of digital signatures. A single signature saves about 12% of the size compared to ECDSA, which can also save transfer fees. In addition, it can compress multi-signatures into one signature, which can greatly compress the size of multi-signature addresses and protect the privacy of multi-signature participants. It is said that Mike Hearn proposed a similar idea on the bitcointalk forum as early as 2012. By compressing the signature size, it is equivalent to expanding the block capacity to accommodate more transactions.

MAST can greatly improve the transaction size, privacy and flexibility of P2SH transactions. The earliest BIP-114 proposal was proposed by Johnson Lau in 2016. Earlier P2SH transactions could allow payments to be made without revealing the script (Bitcoin script code). However, when UTXO (unspent transaction output) is spent, a script needs to be provided and recorded on the chain, thus occupying the capacity of the blockchain. If the script is more complex, it will take up more space. The introduction of MAST allows us to organize complex scripts containing many conditions into Merkle trees. When spending UTXO, you only need to reveal the Merkle proof and the script involved, not the entire tree. This saves block capacity and improves script privacy. At the same time, since script is turned onSize limitations, which introduce greater scalability and flexibility to Bitcoin’s programmability.

It should be said that the above paragraphs are tantamount to bible to some friends who only speculate in coins on centralized exchanges and do not even understand private keys. Not to mention Taproot, it was segwit (Segregated Witness) 4 years ago, which many people in the so-called circle didn’t know what it was. There is nothing shameful about this. The first time I saw these new technologies and new terms, my head exploded. The more you study, the more you research, the more you ponder, the more you will understand.

Compared to the advancement of technology, our ability to master knowledge has evolved too slowly. To this day, many people are still confused whether Bitcoin is stored in a wallet on their mobile phone or on the Bitcoin network. What is the function of the wallet software on your mobile phone or computer? What is the private key, what is the mnemonic phrase, and what is the so-called HD wallet. What are the differences between addresses starting with 1, addresses starting with 3, addresses starting with 5, and addresses starting with bc1. How to take the big pie out of the exchange and put it on the so-called chain. How to control your own Bitcoin. How to sign to transfer Bitcoin. How to use Segwit address. And now, how to build a Taproot transaction?

Some people then said that it would be better not to let users have their own private keys and stay away from these technical details. Return to the managed environment and the centralized user experience of the Internet. Such an improvement in user experience, just like centralized exchanges, comes at the expense of users' independent control of assets. This directly abandons all the values ​​​​since decentralization. Is this an evolution or a regression?

If it is just to invent a gimmick for speculators to speculate and gamble, then you can ignore these things. Then not only should the size of OP_RETURN not be limited, but the script should even be expanded to support Turing-complete programming. In this way, various air coins and doge coins can be issued on Bitcoin, and various applications born for speculation can be developed, creating a so-called prosperous ecosystem. But along the way, Bitcoin seems to have taken the opposite path. Not only did it greatly limit the functionality of the script from the beginning, but it also actively shortened the data size of OP_RETURN, limiting the possibility of doing various tricks on the Bitcoin chain.

Bitcoin is prudent. It knows it has a larger mission. The activation of Taproot may be beneficial to the development of the second floor. However, it does not bring self-limiting problems to the first layer. On the contrary, it will expand the capacity of one layer by compressing the data size.

Bitcoin is patient. It has the historical mission of popularizing decentralized digital currencies instead of speculating on centralized platforms. So it has to wait patiently and wait for everyone to keep up with the pace of technological development.

『四』explain what is blockchain

Question 1: What is blockchain technology? What exactly is blockchain? What is blockchain? 1. Data blockchain is an important concept in the Bitcoin financial system. It records transaction record data on the entire Bitcoin network, and these data are shared by all Bitcoin nodes. Through the data block, we can query each transaction record. A look at the history of Bitcoin transactions. 2. Example: There are three persons A, B, and C. All funds of A and B are kept by C. And every financial transaction must be recorded by C. Now assume that A and B each have 1 million in custody of C. Then: A spends 80,000 yuan to B, then C's account book record will subtract 80,000 yuan from A's name, and add 80,000 yuan to B's name. If B transfers 50,000 yuan to A, C will add 50,000 yuan to A's name and subtract 50,000 yuan to B's name in the account book. A spends 50,000 yuan to B, then C's account book record will subtract 50,000 yuan from A's name, and add 50,000 yuan to B's name. 3. The role of the data blockchain is similar to that of C’s account record book. It records the user’s ownership of Bitcoin and the records of all users’ Bitcoin transactions. It’s just that this “account record book” is recorded by the mining software of every Bitcoin miner on the network. If a Bitcoin transaction is confirmed by the data blockchain, the relevant information will be recorded in the data blockchain. Bitcoin’s “account record book” is called the data blockchain. All data blockchains on the network form Bitcoin’s distributed network database system. 4. The essence of data blockchain technology is a decentralized and distributed structure of data storage, transmission and certification methods. It uses data blocks to replace the current Internet's dependence on central servers, so that all data changes or transaction items are recorded. On a cloud system, the self-certification of data during data transmission is theoretically realized. In a far-reaching sense, this transcends the traditional and conventional information verification paradigm that relies on a center and reduces the cost of establishing global "credit." This point-to-point verification will produce a "basic protocol", which is a new form of distributed artificial intelligence and will establish a new interface and shared interface between human brain intelligence and machine intelligence.

Question 2: What is the transaction process of the blockchain? Best to give an example 20 points 1. Definition
Blockchain is like an open network ledger. It originated from Bitcoin and is the underlying technology of Bitcoin. In a Bitcoin transaction, all the information recorded in the transaction is packaged into a "Block" for storage. With the expansion of information exchange, blocks are linked to each other, forming a blockchain.
2. Characteristics
Digital currency represented by Bitcoin is a peer-to-peer electronic cash system. Among them, each transaction will be broadcast to all participants in the network, and will be recorded in the ledger after multiple confirmations. This ledger is the "blockchain". Each participant will have his own ledger. In this way, when false information occurs,It can be broken through mutual verification, thereby ensuring network security.
In the blockchain, every node is equal, and there is no centralized management organization. This "decentralization" feature makes the blockchain unnecessary to rely on third parties, and its operation does not require any human effort. intervention, capable of independent self-validation. In addition, the blockchain network is open to the world, and anyone can query data through the public port, so the entire system is highly transparent.
3. Application
In short, the blockchain is a trusted database and a reliable "ledger". In the future, it will be used in cross-border payments, securities, loans, voting, etc. For example, in cross-border payments, with the security provided by blockchain, money can be sent to the world anytime and anywhere, thus eliminating many intermediate links and high handling fees.

Question 3: What is blockchain? What does it mean in layman’s terms? What is China’s attitude towards blockchain? What can blockchain do? Blockchain, a great technology that accompanied the birth of Bitcoin, is currently being used in the financial field to significantly reduce transaction costs and improve efficiency, which is enough to excite Wall Street. However, this is just the tip of the iceberg. Its potential applications are very broad and will subvert every aspect of our lives in the future.
Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database and serves as the underlying technology of Bitcoin. One of the most basic characteristics of Bitcoin is decentralization. In recent months, financial giants have gradually begun to pay attention to Bitcoin's technology and used it in non-monetary fields, such as stock trading, election voting, etc. (1) Art Industry
Artists can use blockchain technology to declare ownership and issue numberable, 100% edition works in digital form for any type of artwork. It even includes a marketplace where artists can buy and sell through their website without the need for any intermediary services.
(2), Real estate industry
Use blockchain technology to solve various problems faced by everyone involved in real estate, including the naming process, land registration, agency intermediaries, etc.
(3), Insurance Industry
The financial industry has always been the most sensitive to advanced technology. Traditional banking and securities industry giants have been involved in the booming blockchain venture capital investment since 2014, with total global investment reaching US$1 billion within two years.
(4) P2P wallet
Personal assets can be traded through this P2P wallet in the future without going through any central institution, such as Bitcoin.
Most blockchains are in their infancy, mainly overseas. There are very few good domestic blockchain projects, so it is not recommended for any non-professionals to invest in blockchain projects. If you are interested in blockchain technologyI am very interested. I have a background in technology or finance. I suggest you consider starting a business in this area. In terms of the blockchain protocol system, the lowest layer is the underlying technology of the blockchain, including the technical protocols of the blockchain, as well as some platform routing and basic algorithms; in the middle layer, some application interfaces and some credentials must be solved Issuance and verification, including some industry platform services, big data analysis, etc. This is a very rough classification, and there should be more detailed classifications; the top ones are some applications of blockchain, including finance Some applications and some applications in other aspects, the Internet of Things and so on.
Introduction to Bubi Blockchain
Bubi Blockchain has been focusing on the research and development and innovation of blockchain technology and products since its establishment. It has a number of core technologies and has achieved substantial results in many aspects. Radical innovation has resulted in a number of core technological achievements, such as: mathematically provable distributed consensus technology, fast large-scale ledger access technology, multi-chain general ledger technology that supports business expansion, and interconnection technology between heterogeneous blockchains. wait. On April 25, "Gege Points" introduced the concept of blockchain into the points system, jointly opened it up with multiple parties, issued and redeemed points, and promoted the circulation of points. Each cooperative institution can jointly participate in transaction verification, ledger storage, and real-time settlement; the third-party payment platform of the enterprise points issuer makes the entry and exit of points more flexible. Bubi has developed its own basic blockchain service platform, which has been applied in equity, supply chain, points, credit and other fields. Bubi has been committed to building an open value circulation network with decentralized trust as the core, allowing digital assets to flow freely.
A simple understanding of blockchain is a technology at the bottom of Bitcoin, which is also a peer-to-peer electronic cash system that can realize peer-to-peer value delivery. We should distinguish between Bitcoin, Bitcoin blockchain, blockchain and blockchain. Blockchain technology and other concepts. In countries with relatively developed finance in the past, finance and blockchain technology have a long history, and the legislation of digital currencies and blockchain networks is also very important. With the advent of the financial era, large financial institutions are studying blockchain technology. They have their own teams and conceptual technologies. Slowly, banks in various regions are also participating in digital currency discussions. The application and support of this technology are not only that. The influence of blockchain on enterprises is also huge. For larger domestic enterprises, Bubi Blockchain is also used in various equity, supply chain, points and other fields. Major domestic financial institutions and enterprises have taken a fancy to the new industry. value, they have developed their own blockchain platforms, and blockchain has instantly become a new innovative industry in China. In terms of overseas internationalization, the United States has already obtained 15 blockchain patents at the end of last year compared to China. Blockchain financial applications are entering a new stage in an all-round way. Various applications will become more and more in-depth, and related changes will also become more and more profound. It is attracting more and more attention and will form a huge new trend... >>

Question 4: What is blockchain technology? What is blockchain? How to explain the concept of blockchain? EveryPeople in an industry have different understandings, and relevant explanations are gradually emerging due to more and more real-life applications. With the popularization of this blockchain technology, the related results are getting bigger and bigger. If we want to understand this technology, we must have an in-depth understanding of reality.
In the past six months, the concept of blockchain has gradually become popular in China, and a blockchain whirlwind has taken off in the financial circle. Blockchain has attracted the attention and favor of more and more people in the industry due to its unique technical advantages. Blockchain technology, which is decentralized (or multi-centered), highly transparent, cannot be tampered with, and has no single point of failure, is entering the field of vision of financial institutions and enterprises. It has at least been used in digital currency, payment exchange, registration and settlement, Digital assets, traceability and anti-counterfeiting, supply chain, Internet of Things and many other fields have moved from theoretical discussions to practical applications.
"Blockchain" was first introduced with "Bitcoin" released in early 2009. Blockchain has become the basic protocol and technical application for the launch, recording, and circulation of Bitcoin. Although Bitcoin has been controversial since its inception and cannot even be regarded as a "currency" by governments and monetary authorities, the blockchain technology used in Bitcoin has been recognized by governments, including governments and monetary authorities. extensive attention.
Why has blockchain become a rapidly heating up hot technology and topic?
The most important of these may be that the launch of Bitcoin based on blockchain technology has opened up a new relationship with traditional society ( The exploration and attempt of new technologies and rule systems such as Internet user identity verification, wealth confirmation, transaction records, notarization and verification, which have little connection with offline) and are completely applied to the online world (online), provide people with the opportunity to adapt to the Internet society. Development provides alternative paths and unlimited imagination.
Judging from its application in Bitcoin, blockchain is a set of new network blocks (BLOCK, also called communities) formed by combining encryption technology with the Internet. Bitcoin configuration, netizen identity verification, and Bitcoin (value) confirmation formed by mining, Bitcoin transaction records, and extended encryption of Bitcoin cross-block flow (value transfer) (added block and transaction time identification, etc. Internet protocol rules and accounting (Ledger) system including block chain, full encryption, mutual authentication, etc., including factor) registration and verification. Precisely because Bitcoin is not a substitute for offline legal currency, but is issued and managed by non-legal currency authorities, mainly imitating the model of gold, and is completely new and decentralized protected and supported by basic Internet protocols and strict encryption technology. Internet currency (virtual currency) has thus formed a new set of currency rules and systems that are different from and not subject to real social laws, and can be bought, sold or exchanged with legal currency. It has been more than 8 years since Bitcoin was launched. There has been no record of funds or user information being stolen. Its security has been verified, and its efficiency and cost of fund settlement also have obvious advantages. This makesPeople's confidence in the blockchain technology used in Bitcoin continues to increase, and people are increasingly aware that although blockchain is a technology and protocol pioneered and applied by Bitcoin, blockchain does not It is not the same as Bitcoin, and its application will never be limited to Bitcoin. The application of blockchain can be decentralized or centralized; it can be a public chain model or a private chain model. Therefore, after Bitcoin, blockchain technology is also constantly developing and innovating, and constantly exploring new application fields, especially in the financial field.
The reason why blockchain is valued highly by more and more people is because the development and widespread application of the Internet have caused more and more economic exchanges and transaction activities to be conducted online, and the online world (or online world) society) is rapidly expanding, enriching and active, and online transactions must solve the efficiency and security protection issues of the parties' identity verification, value verification, transaction records, inspection and verification, etc., and require strict intermediaries and agreements (rules or constitutions). In this regard, traditional thinking and customary practices are to follow the development trajectory of the transfer of offline transactions to online and push the common rules and practices of the real (offline) society to the online (network) society. However, in practice, it is increasingly It is difficult to adapt to the needs of online transactions.
For example, for the identity verification of the parties, the natural choice is to use the information on the identity documents protected by the laws of various countries as the basis, and then add account or transaction passwords, as well as facial recognition, iris, fingerprints and other biometrics to conduct online transactions. Verification, but this method first makes the citizen identity information in the cross-border interconnected online world subject to the administrative jurisdiction of real society... >>

Question 5: The so-called "district" What is "Blockchain"? Blockchain itself is a tool called decentralization and trustlessness. For example, when you graduate from university, the current practice is to have a certificate recognized and issued by an authoritative agency as your certificate. This setting is more troublesome, because this is a piece of paper, and paper can be forged, so there will be various gaps. The issuing authority is also a person, and there will be various gaps in the middle. As long as it is related to people, whoever There are various possibilities related to media. The blockchain provides a great opportunity. As soon as you graduate, you will have a record on the blockchain. No one can change this record. This thing exists objectively. You, as a physical existence , and then as a data existence, the blockchain was born. In this case, anyone who wants to check where you graduated can easily solve the problem. This is similar to the big data often involved in social networking (WeChat) and payment platforms (Alipay, Yibao).

Question 6: What is blockchain? Can you explain the principle of 10-point blockchain in plain language: decentralized distributed accounting system
Blockchain The core of technology is that all current participantsThe nodes jointly maintain transactions and databases, which makes transactions based on cryptographic principles rather than trust, so that any two parties who reach an agreement can directly conduct payment transactions without the participation of a third party.
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Technically speaking, a block is a data structure that records transactions, reflecting the flow of funds for a transaction. The blocks of transactions that have been reached in the system are connected together to form a main chain, and all nodes participating in the calculation record the main chain or part of the main chain. A block contains the following three parts: transaction information, hash hash formed by the previous block, and random number. Transaction information is the task data carried by the block, specifically including the private keys of both parties to the transaction, the number of transactions, the digital signature of electronic currency, etc.; the hash formed by the previous block is used to connect the blocks to realize the past The order of transactions; random numbers are the core of transaction completion. All miner nodes compete to calculate the answer to the random number. The node that gets the answer the fastest generates a new block and broadcasts it to all nodes for update, thus completing a transaction.
1.1 What is Blockchain
Blockchain (BlockChain) refers to a technical solution that collectively maintains a reliable database through decentralization and trustlessness. This technical solution mainly allows any number of nodes participating in the system to associate and generate a series of data blocks (blocks) using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains all the information exchange data of the system within a certain period of time, and generates The data fingerprint is used to verify the validity of its information and chain to the next database block.
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In layman’s terms, blockchain technology refers to a way for all people to participate in accounting. Behind all systems there is a database, which is a big ledger. Then who will keep this ledger becomes very important. At present, it is whoever owns the system who keeps the accounts. Each bank’s account books are kept by each bank, and Alipay’s account books are kept by Alibaba. But now in the blockchain system, everyone in the system has the opportunity to participate in accounting. If there are new transaction data changes within a certain period of time, everyone in the system can do accounting. The system will judge the person who has the fastest and best accounting during this period, write the recorded content to the ledger, and Send the contents of the ledger during this period to all other people in the system for backup. In this way, everyone in the system has a complete ledger. Therefore, this data becomes very safe. A tamperer needs to modify more than half of the system node data at the same time to truly tamper with the data. Such tampering would be extremely costly, making it nearly impossible. For example, Bitcoin has been running for more than 7 years. Countless hackers around the world have tried to attack Bitcoin, but so far there have been no transaction errors. It can be considered that the Bitcoin blockchain has been proven to be a safe and reliable system.
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1.2 Why is there blockchain innovation?
Human beings need to communicate during their activities, and communication is based on information.Fundamentally, in the past, information circulation was not convenient enough to meet the information needs of market participants, so intermediaries and centers were born. This centralized system has problems such as high cost, low efficiency, value dispersion, "information islands" and insecure data storage. However, due to technical and environmental factors, this system continued to operate for many years until the emergence of the Internet. The starting point of the first generation of the Internet is the TCP/IP protocol, which is an open code that implements a unified format for peer-to-peer transmission of information by all nodes on the network, and brings the basic values ​​of freedom and equality required by a global unified market into programmed, protocol-based, and reliably Execution. The Internet eliminates low-value, high-cost intermediate chains and achieves low-cost and high-efficiency global information transmission in a decentralized manner.
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However, the first generation of the Internet did not solve the problem of information credibility. Activities that can be decentralized on the Internet must be activities that do not require credit endorsement, and activities that require credit guarantee must be activities involving centralized third-party intermediaries. Therefore, Internet technology that cannot establish global credit has encountered great obstacles in its progress - people cannot participate in any value exchange activities on the Internet in a decentralized manner. To realize value exchange, people still need third-party intermediaries based on credit (such as banks, clearing agencies, exchanges). The global centralized credit system still has problems such as high operating costs, low efficiency, and vulnerability to attacks and damage. For example, each country's legal currency has different credit values ​​and incompatible clearing systems, which adds a lot of cost to global trade.
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Therefore, what the second generation Internet must break through is: how to establish global credit in a decentralized manner? Let...>>

Question 7: Explain clearly what is blockchain in an easy-to-understand manner. The English name for blockchain is Blockchain. Block literally means block, block, and chain means chain, chain. Therefore, together they are translated into blockchain.
1. Use cryptography technology to encrypt and decrypt so that records cannot be tampered with. Common blockchain encryption methods include hash algorithm, RSA algorithm, elliptic curve algorithm, etc.;
2. The huge amount of calculation needs to be supported by a reasonable reward mechanism. Because every transaction must be recorded, Bitcoin’s blockchain has more than 60 gigabytes so far. Every new transaction requires confirmation of the information related to the trading account to ensure that the transaction is valid. The huge amount of calculation requires a computer with powerful computing power to complete.
In order to encourage the participation of powerful computing power, Bitcoin provides two rewards: one is to issue a certain number of Bitcoins to these computers every day; instead, all transfer fees are awarded to these computers. (The technical term for these computers is "mining machines", and the people who hold the mining machines are called "miners".)
Biying China is working hard on asset digitization and has launched digital currency.Coin crowdfunding platform Biying China.

Question 8: What is blockchain? Blockchain is a new application model of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm. The so-called consensus mechanism is a mathematical algorithm that establishes trust and obtains rights and interests between different nodes in the blockchain system.
In May 2016, the Currency Blockchain Research Center published the first book in China that introduces blockchain in simple terms, "Blockchain: Defining a New Pattern of Future Finance and Economics." It introduces the impact of blockchain technology on future finance and economy

Question 9: What is blockchain? For the time being, this is a relatively high-end technology. It connects all nodes (which can be understood as servers) through p2p network technology. Complete data (blocks) are stored on each node. The addition and withdrawal of any node will not affect the normal operation of the chain. Data is embodied in the form of data blocks. Blocks are connected to each other and can be understood as a one-way linked list. The hash value of the nth block is generated based on the hash of the n-1th block, the transaction recorded in the current block, and the random number as parameters. In this way, if you want to modify the data of the historical block, you have to modify all the blocks from the modified block to the final block. The difficulty can be imagined.
The blockchain also introduces a consensus mechanism and an incentive mechanism. There is no way to describe it too comprehensively here. I hope everyone can discuss and learn together

Question 10: What is blockchain: This explanation of blockchain is more understandable. Blockchain (Blockchain) refers to the method of decentralization and trustlessness. A technical solution for collectively maintaining a reliable database.
In layman’s terms, blockchain technology refers to a way for all people to participate in accounting. There is a database behind all systems. You can think of the database as a big ledger. Then who will keep this ledger becomes very important. Currently, whoever owns the system keeps the accounts. Tencent keeps the accounts of WeChat, and Alibaba keeps the accounts of Taobao. But now in the blockchain system, everyone in the system has the opportunity to participate in accounting. If there are any data changes within a certain period of time, everyone in the system can do accounting. The system will judge the person who has the fastest and best accounting during this period, write his recorded content into the ledger, and record this Within a period of time, the contents of the ledger are sent to all other people in the system for backup. In this way, everyone in the system has a complete ledger. In this way, we call it blockchain technology.
Blockchain technology has become the darling of the financial community in China and has become a hot topic. Domestic Puyin Group has launched Puyin, a tea-based digital currency.

『Wu』 talks about technological changes - the evolution of artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, and blockchain

I have read a lot of reports about blockchain recently, and I feel thatThe popularity of blockchain has many similarities with the popularity of artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things. The following are some personal opinions:

1. The emergence of artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, and blockchain are all human exploration of the future.

Human beings are a very peculiar group. There will always be a group of people who will find an exit in our era, so that we can feel that society is functioning normally. Because of the explosion of technology, people's desire for innovation is unprecedented. Regardless of the outcome, the starting point of these desires is always good.

On the one hand, the popularity of artificial intelligence is due to the development of these three aspects, which we often call deep learning, big data, and computing power; on the other hand, the Internet has been developing for decades and requires new technologies. Things emerge to take over the consequences of the development of the Internet, such as big data and some inefficient Internet mechanisms. The Internet has been developing for so many years, and during this period we can also see some new things being invented or mentioned, such as the Internet of Things. However, it gradually faded over time. At the beginning, when the Internet of Things appeared, many people thought that the Internet of Things was the next exit for mankind after the Internet. Later, many problems emerged, such as limitations in data processing capabilities and limitations in sensor intelligence, and the Internet of Things was gradually marginalized. Then came the emergence of solutions to problems in the development of the Internet of Things - artificial intelligence.

On the whole, the development of these technologies has either been truly successful, or it has led to some new problems, and the solutions to these new problems have formed new technologies. This reminds me of what Mr. Wang Qiang of ZhenFund said: It is the questions, not the answers, that change the world.

After so many years of development of human society, there is always a problem that needs to be solved, and that is decentralization. It is worth explaining that the blockchain is not completely decentralized, but only an improvement in efficiency, which also has costs. Many media reports today are misleading in themselves.

2. Who is the next exit between blockchain and the Internet of Things?

The author believes that the Internet of Things is the next exit for mankind. Compared with blockchain, the Internet of Things is more likely to become a new outlet, because the previous wave gave it certain advantages in policy, and compared with the Internet, the Internet of Things is a decentralized network. Here is an explanation of what a decentralized network is. The Internet is a platform-centric network. Communication between people must be concentrated on a platform. This platform is what we often call a trust mechanism. The Internet of Things is a decentralized network. Sensor devices self-organize into a network. This network node is no longer an enterprise or a platform. In other words, the platform distributes and optimizes centralized rights, making each node possible to become the center.

As for blockchain, its technical coreThe decentralization that the heart demands is still too anxious. However, in some fields, this kind of decentralization demand is still welcome, such as finance, house leasing and other business needs that are suitable for the p2p model. The author believes that the biggest reason why the next exit is the Internet of Things is that compared to the blockchain, the decentralization of the Internet of Things is softer.

3. Artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, and blockchain will eventually be applied to life.

This sentence may sound a bit nonsense. However, the premise that technology can be applied to life is that the technology itself can solve a series of problems that exist in life. From an economic point of view, all technologies revolve around two words: efficiency. No matter how people view artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, and blockchain today, one thing is certain: existence is value.

As for the time dimension, we can feel or see that after more than a year of hype, artificial intelligence is gradually being implemented in the industry. Personally, 2018 should be the first year for artificial intelligence to embrace the industry. On the one hand, technology companies and traditional companies are also actively cooperating. On the other hand, new media related to artificial intelligence are also promoting the implementation of artificial intelligence, such as: New Wisdom.

Needless to say about the Internet of Things, the previous government also favored the Internet of Things in policy formulation and related planning. Moreover, in the past few years, commercial applications of the Internet of Things have been developing well. But, it's not as good as I thought before. I believe that with the cooperation of artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things industry will develop rapidly in the future.

For blockchain, it may take a long time to eliminate the bubble. Today’s blockchain bubble is too serious. In addition to market bubbles, blockchain also has to face very severe challenges. Supervision, these issues will take a long time to resolve. Personally, I think it will take longer for blockchain to be implemented in the industry than artificial intelligence. As for many companies today, it is better to concentrate on doing things than to join in the fun. When supervision is unclear, problems are prone to arise in joining the heat.

『Lu』 What is blockchain technology and how it changes business and financial models

Blockchain technology is a distributed ledger technology. It allows multiple participants to jointly maintain a secure, transparent and immutable record on a decentralized network. Blockchain technology was originally designed for the digital currency Bitcoin, but is now widely used in many other fields.

The core features of blockchain technology include:

Decentralization: Blockchain has no central control agency, and data is distributed on various nodes in the network, which makes it decentralized. The centralization feature reduces the risk of single points of failure.

Transparency: Transaction records on the blockchain are public to all participants, and anyone can view these records. This helps increase trust and reduceFraud risk.

Immutable: Once a transaction is recorded on the blockchain, it cannot be easily modified or deleted. This guarantees data integrity and security.

Smart contracts: Transactions on the blockchain can be automatically executed to implement "smart contracts", which automatically execute corresponding operations when specific conditions are met. This helps simplify complex business processes and reduce costs.

Blockchain technology has had a profound impact on business and financial models, which is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

Reducing costs: Blockchain technology can reduce intermediary links and reduce costs. Transaction costs and operating costs. For example, by adopting blockchain for cross-border payments, remittance fees can be significantly reduced.

Improving efficiency: The automation and smart contract features of blockchain technology help improve the efficiency of business processes, reduce manual intervention, and reduce error rates.

Enhance trust: The transparency and non-tamperability of blockchain technology help to establish a reliable trust system, reduce the risk of fraud, and provide better protection for commercial activities.

Innovative business models: Blockchain technology has spawned many new business models, such as decentralized finance (DeFi), digital asset trading, supply chain finance, etc. These new business models have brought disruptive changes to existing industries.

In short, blockchain technology, as an emerging technical means, is gradually changing the landscape of business and finance. With the continuous development of technology and the in-depth promotion of applications, blockchain is expected to have a broader and far-reaching impact in the future

『撒』 What is blockchain and its application in the automotive field

1. The decentralization, transparency and trust of blockchain technology bring opportunities to solve the current problems of user privacy leakage, poor maintenance services and irregularities in the automotive industry. The key to the application of blockchain in the automotive field lies in the construction and integration of car identity and user credit systems to create car logos, completely record key information during the manufacturing and use of cars, promote the standardization of the traditional automotive industry chain, and establish a reliable system for car companies. The service platform quality control system and optimized inventory dynamic management provide users with better repair, maintenance and second-hand car trading services. Combining car identity and personal credit, it is connected to the blockchain system and can transform the original car sharing business process. In the future, blockchain, as the underlying technology, will be combined with edge technologies such as the Internet of Things and big data to achieve safe interconnection of different smart devices, continuously improve the processing capabilities of blockchain technology, and accelerate its development in the fields of autonomous driving and intelligence. application.

3. Blockchain system information transparency, tamper-proof, and forgery can effectively solve this problem, which will have an impact on the financial Internet of Things, supply chain, government services and other fields. deep influence. Due to its transparent, reliable and traceable characteristics, blockchain technology can build a car identity and completely record the source of car parts and production processes, sales channels, use and maintenance, vehicle positioning and other dataPromote the standards for entering the traditional automobile industry chain "research, production, supply and marketing aftermarket". At the same time, a tamper-proof and securely encrypted user credit system can be built through the blockchain to record, store, and integrate user online transaction information and credit evaluations such as asset information, user information, and user behavior. Because the application of car retail, leasing, sharing and other scenarios is essentially an extension of the personal credit system, the blockchain system will eventually bring information such as identity, user credit and service history to owners through the blockchain system, which will be associated with car identities to improve the security of interconnection. to realize the application of blockchain autonomous driving in fields such as Internet of Vehicles and vehicle sharing.

『8』 What exactly is the blockchain?

What exactly is the blockchain? In essence, blockchain is a distributed, decentralized network database system that will make the storage, update, maintenance, and operation of data different. Blockchain has four indispensable core technologies, namely: distributed storage, consensus mechanism, cryptography principles, and smart contracts.

Then let’s talk about how blockchain is different from traditional data processing to help everyone understand what blockchain is and give everyone a general understanding of blockchain. Cognition.

1. Data storage in blockchain: block chain data structure

In terms of data storage, blockchain technology utilizes "block chain data structure" To verify and store data.

What does the blockchain structure mean? Everyone has seen an iron chain, with one link within another. In fact, each link can be regarded as a block, and many links are linked together to form a blockchain.

How does this so-called "iron chain" store data? To put it simply, the difference between blockchain and ordinary stored data is that on blockchain, the data in the next block includes the data in the previous block.

Take reading as an example: when we read a book, we finish page 1, then page 2, page 3...
What about in the blockchain? If each block is marked with a page number, then the content on page 2 contains the content on page 1, the content on page 3 contains the content on page 1 and page 2...Page 10 contains The content of the first 9 pages is such a chain nested layer by layer. In this way, the most original data can be traced back. This is the traceability of the blockchain.

The "blockchain data structure" of blockchain makes it traceable, which is naturally suitable for many fields, such as: food traceability, drug traceability, etc. In this way, the probability of tainted milk powder, fake vaccines, and fake and substandard food incidents will be greatly reduced, because once a problem occurs, through traceability, we can clearly know which link caused the problem, and accountability and recovery will be clearer.

2. Data update in the blockchain: distributed node consensus algorithm

In terms of data update, blockchain technology uses the "distributed node consensus algorithm" to generate and update data.

Every time a new block is generated (that is, when data is updated), an algorithm needs to be used to obtain the approval of more than 51% of the nodes in the entire network to form a new block. To put it bluntly, it is a vote, and it can be generated if more than half of the people agree, which makes the data on the blockchain non-tamperable.

Why do you say that? Let’s make an analogy: we compare the blockchain to a ledger, because it records data. In the traditional world, the bookkeeping power lies with the bookkeeper, and the ledger belongs to the bookkeeper alone. So in the blockchain, everyone owns this account book. If you want to update the account, you must vote. Only if more than half of the people agree can you update the account data.

In this process, we will involve several terms: distributed, node, consensus algorithm. These terms are actually very easy to understand:

Everyone Accounting (that is, everyone has a ledger, and the ledger is scattered in everyone's hands) is the so-called "distributed";

The accounting method that everyone discusses, votes for, and unanimously agrees on is The so-called "consensus algorithm";

Every person participating in accounting is a so-called "node".

3. Data maintenance in blockchain: cryptography

In the data maintenance stage, the difference of blockchain is that it uses cryptography to Ensure the security of data transmission and access.

The cryptographic principles applied in the blockchain mainly include: hash algorithm, Merkle hash tree, elliptic curve algorithm, and Base58. These principles actually ensure data security on the blockchain through a series of complex operations and conversions.

4. Data operations in the blockchain: smart contracts

A smart contract is a commitment agreement defined and automatically executed by a computer program. To put it bluntly, it is executed with code A set of transaction rules, similar to the current automatic repayment function of credit cards. If you turn this function on, you don't have to worry about anything. The bank will automatically deduct the money you owe when it expires.

The outstanding advantage of smart contracts is that they largely avoid a series of problems caused by trust.
Many of us have encountered the situation of being borrowed money: a friend who is short of money borrows 2,000 yuan from you and promises to pay back the money after the salary is paid next month, but next month he finds other excuses. Also, dragging this matter around would be pointless. We didn't have much money, but we were still friends. Even though you were depressed, let it go.

Then,With a smart contract, he can no longer default on his debts, because in a smart contract, once the terms in the contract are triggered, the code will automatically execute. Regardless of whether he wants it or not, as long as he has paid his salary and has money in his account, he will I have to pay you back.

To summarize the contents of this section, there are four indispensable core technologies in the blockchain, namely: distributed storage, consensus mechanism, cryptography principles, and smart contracts.

We can understand it this way: distributed storage corresponds to the data storage stage, the consensus mechanism corresponds to the data processing and update stage, cryptography corresponds to data security, and smart contracts correspond to data operational issues.

『玖』 What is the concept of blockchain? What exactly is blockchain? Read it in three minutes!

On October 25, 2019, Xinwen Broadcast sent a very important signal: the country must vigorously develop blockchain. After that, blockchain has become an Internet celebrity, and the figure of "blockchain" is floating in the streets and alleys. In fact, many technology companies have already deployed blockchain technology.

Although blockchain is very popular, many people do not know much about blockchain.

What is blockchain?

Let’s first take a look at how Du Niang explained it. Network display: Blockchain is a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithms.

Why is blockchain called blockchain?

The blockchain is linked by blocks one by one, and the blocks are storage units one by one, which record the communication information of each block node. The blocks are much like the records of the database. Writing data every time creates a block. With the expansion of information exchange, one block continues with another, and the result is called a blockchain.

What are the characteristics of blockchain?

Blockchain mainly has the following characteristics:

1. Decentralization: In the blockchain system, every node has equal rights. and obligations, there is no central control here. Decentralization has well established trust relationships with each other. Although there is no central management organization, people can collaborate with each other and trust each other. This mainly applies blockchain distributed ledger technology.

2. Openness: Blockchain data is open to everyone. Except for some encrypted information that is not open, everyone can check the data here.

3. Independence: The entire blockchain system does not rely on other third parties. All nodes can automatically and securely verify and exchange data within the system without any human intervention.

4. Security: Blockchain has a certain degree of security and cannot be tampered with.Because everyone in the blockchain system has the same ledger, if someone wants to tamper with it, it is possible to forge a non-existent record only if they control more than 51% of the accounting nodes. Of course, this is basically impossible. This is mainly due to the core technology of the blockchain: the consensus mechanism. The consensus mechanism has the characteristics of "the minority obeys the majority" and "everyone is equal".

5. Anonymity: Many people think that if the blockchain is so open and transparent, will we lose privacy? In fact, no, although the transaction information in the blockchain is open and transparent, the identity information of the account is encrypted and can only be accessed with authorization.

Now let me tell you a story to help you better understand the blockchain.

There are three people in the family, mom, dad, older brother and younger brother. Last year, my father was in charge of the family's account books. He was responsible for all the family's income and expenses alone.

However, on the day of Double Eleven, my mother, who has always been frugal, wanted to buy herself a beautiful piece of clothing on a certain online store. When she checked the account book, she found something was wrong. It stands to reason that except for some money deposited in banks and financial management, the whereabouts of the daily consumption money at home are all in this account book, but no matter how you look at it, it is wrong. Some consumption is clearly not recorded, but is recorded.

Later, my father took the initiative to confess that he couldn’t help but buy a pack of cigarettes.

Later, my mother changed her strategy and the whole family kept accounts. Everyone recorded their monthly consumption expenditure in their own account books. Whenever there was a transaction or consumption at home, my mother would shout, "Book it," and everyone would record the transaction in their own books. This is the decentralized accounting model, where everyone is the center and everyone has a ledger.

The previous accounting model for dad was centralized accounting. If dad wanted to do something alone, it would be difficult for anyone to see it. The decentralized accounting model has solved the problem of centralization very well. The disadvantage of bookkeeping is that it is very difficult for dad to tamper with the books.

For example, if dad wants to take some money from the ledger and secretly buy cigarettes, the amount of money is limited, and if he wants to take the money, he has to change the ledger, but he only tampered with his own ledger. No, he had to change the accounts of three people including himself. And this is undoubtedly more difficult than reaching the sky.

So, many times my father had the idea of ​​smoking, but he had no choice but to give up the idea due to the current situation.

Are blockchain and Bitcoin the same thing?

In fact, blockchain and Bitcoin are not the same thing. It is just the underlying technology of Bitcoin. Bitcoin is the first digital currency applied by blockchain.

In 2008, Satoshi Nakamoto first proposed the blockchainThe concept, in subsequent years, became a core component of the electronic currency Bitcoin, serving as a public ledger for all transactions. Blockchain was first applied to Bitcoin.

The origin of blockchain is to solve the problem of trust, and one of the most successful applications of blockchain is digital currency. Bitcoin is arguably the most successful application of blockchain so far.

What are the applications of blockchain?

The application of blockchain is actually very wide. In addition to digital currency, the future applications of Bitcoin are still very extensive. Blockchain technology has been widely used in different industries. Such as product traceability, copyright protection and transactions, payment and settlement, Internet of Things, digital marketing, medical care, etc., promoting different industries to quickly enter the "blockchain+" era.

1. Payment and clearing: Blockchain can abandon the role of transit banks, realize point-to-point payment, reduce transit fees, and accelerate fund utilization.

2. Product traceability: For example, if we buy a piece of clothing on a certain store, we can see the past and present life of this piece of clothing.

3. Securities trading: Traditional securities trading requires the coordination of four major institutions, which is inefficient and costly. Blockchain technology can independently complete one-stop services.

4. Supply chain: Introducing blockchain technology into the supply chain system, synchronizing information within the system can control all links, better complete division of labor and collaboration, and facilitate subsequent accountability.

5. Intellectual property rights: With copyright on the chain, our photographic works, musical works, literary works, etc. will become our information, and the ownership of the information will be confirmed and become our property.