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A. Internet celebrity teacher Li Yongle talks about the principles of Bitcoin and blockchain, which is simple and easy to understand
Now that retail investors can no longer enter, bookmakers may use supercomputer mining Mine. .
The technical principles of Bitcoin are not just used for this. In fact, they are similar to many survival wisdoms.
For example, why is Bitcoin not afraid of counterfeiting? Because Bitcoin counterfeiting requires one person to challenge the world. The problem is that if a person has so many mining machines, why should he violate the rules? In the rules, he You can get more benefits. . .
Everyone will follow the trend of longer blockchains, so if you don’t join this team, you will end up challenging the world alone. . .
The Dutch played with tulips, fried rubber in the late Qing Dynasty, and fried orchids in the last century. It’s all the same routine. Whoever takes over in the end is finished. Everyone is now betting on where the limit is and whether they can get there before it. Cash out. . .
(This teacher Li Yongle is considered the overlord among middle school teachers. He won the first prize in the National High School Mathematical Olympiad, the provincial champion in the High School Mathematical Olympiad, a double degree from Peking University, a master's degree from Tsinghua University, and the champion of the Beijing University Student Speech Contest. He is currently employed Yu is a physics teacher at the High School Affiliated to Beijing Renmin University and an independent producer of Xigua Video. This resume is so beautiful. This internet celebrity teacher has released hundreds of videos on Xigua. A small part of them are high school physics and mathematics courses, and most of them are about science squirrels. He will teach all-inclusive science. The characteristic of this teacher is that he has clear logic and can explain complex issues in a simple and clear way. A class of fifteen minutes fills two blackboards. It can be seen that he has prepared lessons well in advance, and his words are interesting and far-reaching. Like Tang Degang, as close as the bright moon back then, they all have this style. To be honest, I collected it first.)
In 2016, Lang Xianping, Shi Hanbing, host, three people discussed Bitcoin
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Worth watching
Former BTCC CEO Li Qiyuan also came to the scene, and he and Lang Xianping exchanged blows.
Professor Lang believes that the person or institution that has accumulated the most Bitcoins is actually Satoshi Nakamoto. As long as he proposes a plan, the whole world will foolishly help him to speculate and appreciate the value. However, because This kind of virtual currency is on the edge of the system, so Satoshi Nakamoto does not dare to reveal his true identity
Finally, the host cited the South Sea Bubble that caused Sir Isaac Newton to lose ten years of salary and leave the market with a loss. Newton once lamented: "I can accurately calculate the movement of celestial bodies, but I cannot predict the madness of human beings.
The best stories kill the most people... The reason why the South Sea Bubble deceived Newton was Because his story is really fascinating, scientific, realistic, and unique, just like Bitcoin now.
This is like rubber in the late Qing Dynasty. Rubber itself is naturally a useful industrial raw material, but the price exceeds the value too much, and it is still a bubble.
No stock market crash in history was preceded by a crazy bull market bubble. . .
But there are still speculators taking advantage of the fire every time, and at the same time, they do not forget to trick fools into taking over the market so that they can cash out. It is not that speculators do not know that this is a bubble, they are speculating on whether they can take advantage of the fire. In the big market, Before the judgment day, he successfully cashed out and left the market.
Let me just say a few points: 1. Those who drown in the water are all good at water. After all, those who know how to mine are not illiterate. Newton was fooled by the South China Sea bubble, just like The famous joke, when you meet a bear, you don't need to run faster than the bear, you just need to run faster than the person behind you.
2. Bitcoin proposed by Satoshi Nakamoto is only a type of virtual currency. In addition, there are a large number of other blockchain virtual currencies with the same principle. The blockchain is indeed not a bubble, but the reason why Bitcoin is so hyped is that the price far exceeds the value, which is the so-called bubble. Blockchain is indeed an irreplaceable future trend, but Bitcoin is not. Bitcoin can be abandoned by the whole world at any time.
3 Satoshi Nakamoto’s Bitcoin system is completely based on a complex cryptographic algorithm. If this algorithm is cracked, or the speed of computers advances rapidly, such as quantum Computers, then the entire basis of Bitcoin's existence disappears, and there is no difference between it and the Zimbabwean currency.
4. Someone who is really optimistic about this thing would be so kind and publicize it to everyone, because he is afraid that there will be too few people competing with him to grab the mine? People who are really optimistic about it will only make a lot of money in silence, and even go around saying that Bitcoin is not good, so as to prevent others from snatching it from them. The only advantage of deceiving people into the industry is to deceive people into taking over the business. The speculators you mentioned do not doubt that Bitcoin is a bubble, but they know better that as long as they deceive fools into cashing out before the collapse, they can still make a fortune regardless of whether it is a bubble or not. It’s such a simple truth.
The above is the latest disappearing video of players in 2020
The so-called listening and understanding
In fact, what this thing has fallen into now is almost the same as most financial speculation. In the long run , short-term, bankers, and retail investors are all the same routine.
B. One article to understand the Internet blockchain
One article to understand the Internet blockchain
One article to understand the Internet blockchain, you need to understand the blockchain , we have to study the brief history of blockchain technology development starting from the birth of the Internet, discover the motivations for the emergence of blockchain, and infer the future of blockchain. Let’s understand the Internet blockchain in one article.
Understand the Internet blockchain in one article 1The originator of blockchain is mahjong, and the earliest blockchain was invented by the Chinese!The blockchain is just like Mahjong, except that Mahjong has fewer blocks. Mahjong only has 136 blocks. The rules of Mahjong vary from place to place and can be regarded as a hard fork of Bitcoin.
As the oldest blockchain project, Mahjong has a group of four miners. The first one to dig out the 13 correct hash values will get the accounting rights and rewards. It adopts the method of being willing to admit defeat and not cheating. Thousands of consensus mechanisms!
Mahjong is decentralized, everyone can be the banker, and it is completely peer-to-peer.
Mining pool = commission from the boss of the chess and card room.
It cannot be tampered with, because convincing the other three people requires too much computing power and physical strength.
A typical value Internet. The value in my pocket didn't last eight rounds before it went into their pockets.
The Chinese are basically good at playing mahjong. In terms of blockchain, they produce 70% to 80% of the world’s mining machines and have the most computing power in the world, accounting for about 77% of the computing power.
Mahjong is actually the earliest blockchain project:
1. A group of four miners. The miner who first collides with the correct hash value of 13 numbers can obtain the accounting rights. and get rewarded.
2. It cannot be tampered with. Because convincing the other three people requires too much computing power and physical strength.
3. Typical value Internet. The valuable digital currency www.gendan5.com/digitalcurrency/btc.html in my pocket ran into their pockets after eight rounds.
4. Decentralization, everyone can be a banker, it is completely peer-to-peer.
5. UTXO, unspent transaction expenses.
There is another blockchain method of credit, assuming that everyone has no cash
Let’s take a closer look. When everyone reaches a consensus, we see There is no intermediary or third party to judge whether C wins, and the rewards given to C do not need to be transferred to C through a third party. They are all direct peer-to-peer transactions. This process is decentralized, and players (miners) record their own records. After recording the results of the first game, B Dahu drew thirteen pieces, and B got Jia Dongfeng. After the record was completed, a complete block was generated, but remember, this was only the first game. In the entire blockchain , this is just one node. After the 8 rounds mentioned at the beginning, there are 8 nodes (blocks). The 8 blocks are connected together to form a complete ledger, which is the blockchain. Because everyone has one of this ledger, it is a distributed ledger. The purpose is to prevent someone from tampering with the record. At the end of the game, it is clear who wins and who loses.
Four men (A, B, C, and D) got together to play mahjong for money. None of them brought any cash, so they asked a beautiful woman (centralized) to keep a book and record who won how much money in each round. , Who lost how much? At the end of the day, everyone uses Alipay or WeChat payment to settle the general ledger, but if this beauty makes a mistake orIf someone was bribed by one of the four people in advance to remember it deliberately, there is no guarantee that the result of this game will be fair, fair and reasonable, don’t you think? then what should we do? If you "play mahjong", you can use "blockchain" as the game rules and adapt it as follows:
Four men (A, B, C and D) got together to play mahjong for money. No one brought any cash. B said Let the beauty she brought keep accounts. A said that none of us knew this beauty, so the four of them, A, B, C, and D, agreed that everyone would keep accounts at the same time (decentralized) on their mobile phones (blockchain nodes) for each game. ), after finally playing mahjong and paying with electronic money directly on the mobile phone, everyone checked the accounting results. The accounting results should have been the same.
Assume that the original result is the account recorded on A’s mobile phone: B owes A 10 yuan. However, the record on B's mobile phone shows that there is no debt, but the other two people (C and D) have the same accounting as A, so the settlement is still based on the majority rule. In addition, everyone has a bad impression of B's integrity. Next The first time I play mahjong, I won’t take B to play with me.
Unless B bribes two people (C and D) in advance to deliberately cheat, but the cost of B bribes them is 100,000 yuan (10,000 times the default of 10 yuan), then in common sense, B only You can choose to give up because the cost of counterfeiting is too high.
Assume that even if B is secretly willing to pay a high price of 100,000 yuan to buy C and D to do this silly cat transaction with huge losses during the card game, the rules of the blockchain are to keep accounts based on timestamps. Yes, it turns out that B owed A 10 yuan when debiting the account at 1 p.m., that is, when C and D changed the account at 3 p.m., time is irreversible and they can only record 3 p.m., which does not comply with the rules of the game. .
In fact, in 2017 the blogger has developed a set of Mahjong coins
China’s earliest blockchain project: a group of four miners, first starting from 148 random numbers The miner who collides with the correct hash value of 14 numbers can obtain an accounting right incentive. Since distributed accounting requires the consensus of several other miners, each accounting transaction takes about ten minutes.
Understanding the Internet Blockchain in One Article 21. Before the birth of Bitcoin, 5 Internet technologies that will have a significant impact on the future of the blockchain
In 1969, the Internet was born in the United States. Since then, the Internet has expanded from four research institutions in the United States to the entire planet. In terms of application, it has expanded from the earliest military and scientific research to all aspects of human life. In the nearly 50 years since the birth of the Internet, five technologies have been of particularly great significance to the future development of blockchain.
1. The TCP/IP protocol born in 1974: determines the position of blockchain in the Internet technology ecosystem
In 1974, the most critical step in the development of the Internet was taken by The TCP/IP protocol, the core communication technology of the Internet jointly developed by American scientists Vinton Cerf and Robert Kahn, was officially launched.
This protocol implements themachines, and even transmit information between different types of networks. All computers connected to the network can communicate and interact as long as they comply with this protocol.
In layman's terms, Internet data can travel tens of thousands of kilometers to reach the computer users who need it. This is mainly because the Internet world has formed a unified information dissemination mechanism. That is to say, Internet devices follow a unified law-TCP/IP protocol when disseminating information.
Understanding the TCP/IP protocol is of great significance to mastering the Internet and blockchain. After the invention of TCP/IP in 1974, the entire Internet was between the underlying hardware devices, the intermediate network protocols and the network Addresses have always been relatively stable, but an endless stream of innovative applications are emerging at the top application layer, including news, e-commerce, social networks, QQ, WeChat, and blockchain technology.
In other words, in the technical ecology of the Internet, blockchain is a new technology at the top layer of the Internet - the application layer. Its emergence, operation and development have not affected the underlying infrastructure and communication protocols of the Internet. , is still one of the many software technologies that operates according to the TCP/IP protocol.
2. Cisco router technology born in 1984: an imitation of blockchain technology
In December 1984, Cisco was established in the United States. The founder was a professor from Stanford University. A couple, Leonard Posak, director of the computer center, and Sandy Lerner, director of the business school's computer center, designed a networking device called a "multiprotocol router" that was placed on the Internet's communication lines to help data Get from one end of the Internet to the other thousands of kilometers away accurately and quickly.
In the entire Internet hardware layer, tens of millions of routers are busy working, directing the transmission of Internet information. An important function of Cisco routers is that each router saves a complete Internet device address table. Once something happens Changes will be synchronized to tens of millions of other routers (theoretically), ensuring that each router can calculate the shortest and fastest path.
When you see the operation process of the router, you will feel very familiar. That is the important feature of the blockchain later. The significance of understanding the router lies in the important features of the blockchain. It has been implemented on the router in 1984. For the router, even if the node device is damaged or attacked by hackers, it will not affect the transmission of the entire Internet information.
3. The B/S (C/S) architecture that was born with the World Wide Web: the opponent of the blockchain and the target of attempted subversion
The World Wide Web is referred to as the Web and is divided into Web clients and server. All updated information is only modified on the Web server. Thousands, tens of thousands, or even tens of millions of other client computers do not retain the information and only obtain the information data when accessing the server. This structure is also often referred to as the Internet B/S architecture is a centralized architecture. This architecture is also the most important part of the current Internet.Architecture, including Google, Facebook, Tencent, Alibaba, Amazon and other Internet giants have adopted this architecture.
Understanding the B/S architecture will be of great significance to the subsequent understanding of blockchain technology. The B/S architecture is that data is only stored in the central server, and all other computers obtain information from the server. Blockchain technology has tens of millions of computers without a center, and all data will be synchronized to all computers. This is the core of blockchain technology.
4. Peer-to-Peer Network (P2P): Blockchain The father of the chain and its technical basis
Peer-to-peer network P2P is another Internet infrastructure corresponding to C/S (B/S). Its characteristic is that multiple computers connected to each other are connected to each other. In a peer-to-peer position, there is no distinction between master and slave. A computer can be used as a server, setting shared resources for use by other computers in the network, and as a workstation.
Napster is one of the earliest P2P systems, mainly used for music resource sharing. Napster cannot be regarded as a true peer-to-peer network system. On March 14, 2000, a message was posted on the mailing list of the underground hacker site Slashdot in the United States, saying that AOL's Nullsoft department had released Gnutella, an open source Napster clone software.
In the Gnutella distributed peer-to-peer network model, each networked computer is functionally peer, serving as both a client and a server, so Gnutella is called the first true peer-to-peer network model. Network Architecture.
In the past 20 years, some Internet technology giants such as Microsoft and IBM, as well as liberals, hackers, and even criminals who infringe intellectual property rights, have continued to promote the development of peer-to-peer networks. Of course, those on the Internet want to strengthen information sharing. The idealists also put a lot of enthusiasm into peer-to-peer networks. Blockchain is a software application based on a peer-to-peer network architecture. It is a benchmark application for peer-to-peer networks trying to break out from the silence of the past.
5. Hash algorithm: the key to generating Bitcoin and tokens (tokens)
The hash algorithm converts numbers of any length into fixed-length values using a hash function. Algorithms, famous hash functions such as: MD4, MD5, SHS, etc. It is a member of the family of cryptographic functions defined by the American National Institute of Standards and Technology.
This family of algorithms is crucial to the functioning of the entire world. From Internet application stores, emails, anti-virus software, to browsers, etc., all of them are using secure hashing algorithms. It can determine whether Internet users have downloaded what they want, and it can also determine whether Internet users are involved in man-in-the-middle attacks or network attacks. Victim of a phishing attack.
The process of blockchain and its application to generate new coins from Bitcoin or other virtual currencies is to use the function of the hash algorithm to perform operations to obtain numbers that meet the format requirements, and then the blockchain program gives Bitcoinrewards.
Mining, including Bitcoin and tokens, is actually a small mathematical game built with a hash algorithm. However, because of the fierce competition, people all over the world used powerful servers to perform calculations in order to get the rewards first. As a result, many computers on the Internet participated in this little mathematical game, which even consumed more than 40% of the electricity in some countries.
2. The birth and technical core of blockchain
The birth of blockchain should be the most unusual and mysterious invention and technology in the history of human science, because in addition to blockchain, to So far, there is no major invention in the history of modern science whose inventor cannot be found.
On October 31, 2008, Bitcoin founder Satoshi Nakamoto (pseudonym) published a paper on the cryptography mailing group - "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System". In this paper, the author claims to have invented a new electronic currency system that is not controlled by governments or institutions. Blockchain technology is the basis for supporting the operation of Bitcoin.
The preprint address of the paper is at http://www.bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf. From an academic point of view, this paper is far from a qualified paper. The main body of the article is composed of 8 flow charts. It is composed of corresponding explanatory text, no nouns and terms are defined, and the format of the paper is also very irregular.
In January 2009, Satoshi Nakamoto released an application case of blockchain on the SourceForge website - the open source software of the Bitcoin system. After the release of the open source software, it is said that Satoshi Nakamoto mined approximately 1 million bits. Coin. A week later, Satoshi Nakamoto sent 10 Bitcoins to cryptography expert Hal Finney, which became the first transaction in Bitcoin history. With the booming development of Bitcoin, research on blockchain technology has also begun to show explosive growth.
It is indeed difficult to fully and clearly explain the blockchain to the public. We use Bitcoin as the object to introduce the technical characteristics of the blockchain as simply as possible but in depth.
1. Blockchain is a peer-to-peer network (P2P) software application
As we mentioned before, at the beginning of the 21st century, the Internet formed two major types of applications. Architecture, centralized B/S architecture and non-centered peer-to-peer (P2P) architecture. Many Internet giants such as Alibaba, Sina, Amazon, etc. all have centralized B/S architecture. Simply put, it is data Put it in a giant server, and our ordinary users can access the servers of Alibaba, Sina and other websites through mobile phones and personal computers.
Since the beginning of the 21st century, there have been many software applications for freely sharing music, videos, and paper materials. Most of them use a peer-to-peer network (P2P) architecture, that is, there is no central server, everyone's personal computer They are all servers and clients, with equal status. However, this type of application has never become popular. The main reason is that it consumes a lot of resources.Identify copyright issues, etc. Blockchain is a software application in this field.
2. Blockchain is a peer-to-peer network (P2P) software application that synchronizes information across the entire network
Peer-to-peer networks also have many application methods. In many cases, everyone is not required to Each computer keeps the same information. Everyone only stores the information they need, and downloads it to other computers when needed.
However, in order to support Bitcoin financial transactions, the blockchain requires that every transaction that occurs must be written into historical transaction records and change information be sent to all computers with Bitcoin programs installed. Every computer with Bitcoin software installed maintains the latest and complete Bitcoin historical transaction information.
The characteristics of blockchain's network-wide synchronization and network-wide backup are often referred to as blockchain information security, and the source cannot be changed. Although it is still not absolutely safe in practice, when the number of users is very large, it does have certain security advantages in preventing information tampering.
3. Blockchain is a peer-to-peer (P2P) software application that uses a hash algorithm to generate "tokens" to synchronize information across the entire network
Area The first application of the blockchain was the famous Bitcoin. When discussing Bitcoin, a term that is often mentioned is "mining". So what exactly is mining?
The metaphor is that the blockchain program gives the miners (players) 256 coins, numbered 1, 2, 3...256. Each time a Hash operation is performed, it is like tossing a coin. 256 coins are thrown at the same time. After landing, if all the coins with the first 70 numbers happen to be heads. The miner can tell the blockchain program this number, and the blockchain will reward the miner with 50 Bitcoins.
From the perspective of software programs, Bitcoin mining is a mathematical game built using the hash SHA256 function. The blockchain first stipulates a winning mode in this small game: a 256-bit hash number is given, but the last 70 bits of the hash number are all 0, and then the player (miner) continuously enters various numbers. Give the hash SHA256 function and see if you can use this function to get a number with 70 zeros. If you find one, the blockchain program will reward the player with 50 Bitcoins. Actual mining and rewards are more complex, but the above example expresses the core process of mining and obtaining Bitcoin.
When Bitcoin was born in 2009, each bounty was 50 Bitcoins. Ten minutes after its birth, the first batch of 50 Bitcoins was generated, and the total currency amount at this time was 50. Subsequently, Bitcoin increased at a rate of about 50 every 10 minutes. When the total amount reaches 10.5 million (50% of 21 million), the bounty is halved to 25. When the total amount reaches 15.75 million (new output is 5.25 million, which is 50% of 1050), the bounty is further halved to 12.5. According to the design of the Bitcoin program, the total number of Bitcoins is 21 million.
From the above introduction, Bitcoin can be seen as a guessing game based on a peer-to-peer network architecture. The Bitcoin information rewarded for each correct guess will be transmitted to all players and recorded in each player's account. in the historical database.
4. Smart contracts, tokens, ICOs and blockchain basic platforms generated by blockchain technology due to the rise of Bitcoin
From the above introduction, Bitcoin technology It is not a new technology falling from the sky, but a clever combination of various original Internet technologies, such as peer-to-peer network architecture, network-wide synchronization of routing, and network security encryption technology. It can be regarded as a combination of innovative algorithm games. .
Because Bitcoin can be exchanged for legal currency, purchased in kind, and made huge profits through appreciation, the whole world is not calm. With the attitude that if you can do it, I can do it, many people have created their own imitation Bitcoin software applications. At the same time, taking advantage of the difficulty for the government to regulate peer-to-peer networks, various altcoins exploded together with Bitcoin. There have been many incidents of fraud and absconding, which have gradually attracted the attention of governments around the world.
Blockchain basic platform: It is still quite technically difficult to create currency using the blockchain technology framework. At this time, basic technology platforms such as Ethereum, the blockchain basic platform, have emerged, making it convenient for ordinary people. Create a "Bitcoin"-like software program, each showing its magical powers, inviting people to join the game to mine coins, speculate on coins, and gain profits from it.
Pass or token: If each "Bitcoin" or "Altcoin" uses a hash algorithm to create a guessing game and generates its own "currency", this "currency" is collectively referred to as " "Certificate" or "Token".
ICO: Since Bitcoin and Ethereum have been exchanged with the legal currencies of various countries, when other new virtual currencies are issued, only Bitcoin and Ethereum are allowed to purchase the new issued coins. This process of issuing coins It’s called ICO. The emergence of ICO has amplified the transaction volume of Bitcoin and Ethereum. At the same time, many ICO projects are completely based on nihilistic projects, resulting in a large number of frequent fraud cases. This further deepens society’s negative understanding of virtual currencies generated by blockchain.
Smart contract: It can be seen as a software function on the blockchain. It is a program that assists various virtual currency transactions on the blockchain. The specific function is like the fund custody of Alipay on Taobao. When a user receives goods and confirms them on Alipay, the funds are automatically paid to the buyer and owner. Smart contracts also assume this intermediary payment function in blockchain applications such as Bitcoin.
3. The historical status and future prospects of blockchain technology in the Internet
1. Where does blockchain stand in Internet technology? It is a new software and architecture at the top level.
We mentioned in the previous introduction to TCP/IP that blockchain, like browsers, QQ, WeChat, online game software, mobile APPs, etc., is a software form of the top layer of the Internet - the application layer. . Its operation still relies on the TCP/IP architectureSystem transmits data. But unlike most application layer software, it does not adopt the central software architecture of C/S (B/S). Instead, an unusual peer-to-peer network architecture is adopted. From this point of view, blockchain cannot subvert the Internet infrastructure.
2. Who does blockchain want to subvert? Want to subvert the B/S (C/S) structure of the World Wide Web.
It attempts to subvert the B/S, C/S structure of the World Wide Web, which was born in 1989. Said before. Since 1989, European physicist Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web and gave up applying for a patent. In the past nearly 30 years, companies including Google, Amazon, Facebook, Alibaba, Internet, Tencent and other companies have used the B/S (C/S) structure of the World Wide Web to grow into Internet giants.
In their headquarters, a powerful central server cluster was established to store massive amounts of data. Hundreds of millions of users obtained the data they needed from the giant servers. This also led to the emergence of cloud computing, and then the Internet giants Open up your unused central server resources to further absorb data from enterprises, governments, and individuals. Centralized Internet giants have an increasing influence on the world, countries, and Internet users.
The goal of blockchain is to try to reduce the influence of Internet giants by distributing data to each Internet user’s computer. It can be seen that the real opponent of blockchain and what it wants to subvert is the 1990 The B/S (C/S) structure born in 2007. But whether it can be subverted depends on its technical advantages and bottlenecks.
3. Technical flaws of blockchain: dilemmas caused by the pursuit of complete equality and freedom
The technical flaws of blockchain first come from its peer-to-peer network architecture. For example For example, Taobao currently has a B/S structure, and massive data is stored in the Taobao server cluster computer room. Hundreds of millions of consumers access the Taobao server website through their browsers to obtain the latest information and historical information.
If blockchain technology is used, hundreds of millions of people will retain a complete Taobao database on their personal computers or mobile phones. Every time a transaction occurs, it will be synchronized to hundreds of millions of other users. This is completely unachievable in reality. The amount of data transferred and stored is too large. It is equivalent to setting up and running hundreds of millions of Taobao websites at the same time.
Therefore, blockchain cannot be applied to projects with large amounts of data, and even smaller website projects will have difficulty using blockchain. By 2018, Bitcoin had been running for nearly 10 years, and the accumulated transaction data had brought the entire system to collapse.
So the blockchain has adopted many alternative methods, such as establishing relay nodes and lightning nodes. These two concepts can also make people confused. In layman's terms, the blockchain will ask it for The subversive object B/S structure has been studied, and a data server center has been established to become the relay node of the blockchain, which can also be accessed with a browser-like terminal. This is the lightning node of the blockchain.
This change can alleviate the technical shortcomings of the blockchain, but it does make the blockchainThe chain becomes what it opposes, centralization. It can be seen that pure blockchain technology has major flaws due to its technical characteristics and cannot be widely used like the World Wide Web. If the technology is upgraded and some parts adopt a B/S (C/S) structure, the blockchain will become centralized. The information node no longer maintains the dream when it was born.
4. Looking at the future prospects of blockchain from the Internet brain model
We know that the Internet generally refers to the Internet that connects computer networks around the world. On this basis The development of a global Internet network covering the whole world is called the Internet, which is a network structure that is interconnected.
Since the birth of the Internet in 1969, humans have innovated in the Internet field from different directions, and there is no unified plan to build the Internet into a structure. When the wheel of time reaches 2017, with the advent of artificial intelligence, With the vigorous development of science and technology such as the Internet of Things, big data, cloud computing, robots, virtual reality, and the industrial Internet, when humans look up to see the giant systems they have created, the model and architecture of the Internet brain have become increasingly clear.
Through nearly 20 years of development, relying on the B/S and C/S structures of the World Wide Web, Tencent QQ, WeChat, Facebook, Weibo, and Twitter Amazon have developed structures similar to neuron networks. Internet devices, especially personal computers and mobile phones, map personal data and functional space on the giant's central server through the software on the device, allowing them to add friends, communicate and transfer information. Internet giants continue to optimize the software versions of hundreds of millions of terminals through software upgrades in central server clusters. In the neurological system, this is a standard central nervous system structure.
The birth of the blockchain provides another neuron model. Instead of uniformly managing neurons in the centralized services of giants, each terminal, including personal computers and personal mobile phones, becomes an independent neuron node. , retaining an independent data space and synchronizing mutual information. In the neurological system, this is a distributed neural structure with no center and multiple neural nodes.
Interestingly, these two different types of neural structures appear in the development of the nervous system. In lower organisms, blockchain-like neural structures have appeared. There are multiple ganglia with the same functions, all of which can command body activities and reactions. However, as organisms evolve, these ganglia gradually merge. When they evolve into higher In biology, the central nervous system appeared, which contains a large number of neurons that interact with each other.
4. Judgment on the future status of blockchain in the Internet
1. Understanding of Bitcoin: a guessing game based on peer-to-peer network architecture (P2P), Through clever financial and public opinion operations, it has become a "world currency" that is not subject to government supervision.
2. Understanding of blockchain: a peer-to-peer (P2P) software application that uses hashing algorithms to generate "tokens" to synchronize information across the entire network.
3. Blockchain has specific uses, such as large-scale election voting, large-scale gambling, financial transactions that circumvent government financial supervision, etc. It still has irreplaceable uses.
4. In more cases, blockchain technology will rely on the B/S and C/S structures of the Internet to achieve functional expansion, but overall it is still a supplement to the existing technology of the Internet. Most of the application scenarios currently envisaged by blockchain can be implemented using B/S and C/S structures, with higher efficiency and more mature technology.
5. Whether from the perspective of information transmission efficiency and resource consumption, or from the evolution of the nervous system, blockchain cannot become the mainstream architecture of the Internet, let alone a subversive and revolutionary leader of the future Internet.
6. Of course, Internet giants developed with B/S and C/S structures also have their problems, but these can be gradually solved through commercial and political methods in the future.
C. Blockchain explained in vernacular
1. It is an open and transparent underlying technology system of digital currency. In addition to the private information of the transaction parties being encrypted, other data is open to everyone, and anyone can query and develop related Qingchang applications. The entire system is highly transparent.
4. This ledger is constantly being generated, calculated and stored.
To put it bluntly, blockchain is the general ledger of transaction records of global Internet users. It’s much simpler to understand this way.
D. Beijing Java course shares the consensus algorithm in blockchain technology
We have shared some explanations and analysis of knowledge points about blockchain technology with you many times. Today, in the Beijing Java course, we will learn about some basic definitions and characteristics of consensus algorithms in blockchain technology.
A brief look at the blockchain
The chain in our general ideology is an iron chain, made of iron. One link after another. Figuratively, the blockchain can also be understood in this way, except that it is not made of iron, but connected by blocks with a certain data structure. This is a simple prototype
Popular explanation of consensus
The so-called consensus, in layman’s terms, means that we all agree on the understanding of something. For example, we have daily meetings to discuss issues, or we can judge whether an animal is a cat. After looking at it with the naked eye, we feel it looks like a cat. If it meets the characteristics of a cat, then we think it is a cat. Consensus is a rule.
Continue to use our meeting example. Participants in the meeting discuss and solve problems through meetings.
Compared with the blockchain, miners participating in mining use a certain consensus method (algorithm) to make their own ledger consistent with the ledgers of other nodes. The deeper meaning of keeping the ledger consistent is to keep the block information in the chain consistent.
Why is consensus needed? Is it possible to not need it? Of course not. Without the rules of consensus in life, everything will be chaotic. The blockchain loses consensus rules, and each node does its own thing, losing its consistent meaning.
The corresponding relationship between these two examples is as follows:
Meeting people = mining miners
Meeting = consensus method (algorithm)
Talk about solving problems = make your own ledger consistent with the ledgers of other nodes
If you don’t understand the concept of a node, please first understand it as a miner. A node contains many roles, and miners are one of them.
Consensus Algorithm
Currently common in blockchains, nodes allow their own ledgers to match those of other nodes. There are several consensus methods (algorithms) that maintain consistency:
PoW, represented by Bitcoin (BTC)
Disadvantages:
The emergence of mining pools violates the original intention of decentralization to a certain extent, and also makes 51% attacks possible, affecting its security.
There is a huge waste of computing power. Look at the mining pool that consumes a lot of electricity resources. As the difficulty increases, not enough is mined to pay the electricity bill
PoS, represented by Ethereum (ETH), transitioning from PoW to PoS
Disadvantages:
The cost of attackers attacking the network is very low, and they can compete by owning tokens
In addition, nodes with a large number of tokens will have a higher probability of obtaining accounting rights. If it is large, the network consensus will be dominated by a few wealthy accounts, thus losing fairness.
E. Explain blockchain in one sentence
Professional answer: Blockchain is distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm, etc. New application models of computer technology. It is essentially a decentralized database and serves as the underlying technology of Bitcoin.
Popular explanation: Blockchain technology refers to a way for all people to participate in accounting. There is a database behind all systems. You can think of the database as a big ledger. Currently, WeChat and Alipay each keep their own accounts, but in the blockchain system, everyone in the system can have the opportunity to participate in accounting. Moreover, the system will select the person who can record accounts the fastest and best, write the contents of his records into the account book, and send the account book contents to everyone in the system for backup.
Summary in one sentence: Blockchain is a decentralized trust mechanism.
F. Explain blockchain in vernacular
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Recently, various ICO financial scams have been blocked in China, but this does not hinder the vigorous development of blockchain technology. After all, technology is innocent and can bring benefits to people. As for how to use it, it depends on people to operate it. If the operation is good, you can recommend development. If the operation is not good, it is like the major ICO projects. Find some knowledge for Internet celebrities to conduct so-called illegal fund-raising and financial fraud.
After talking for a long time, what is blockchain? When it comes to blockchain, the first thing that comes to mind for many people is Bitcoin. We need to solve a problem. Bitcoin is a blockchain, but blockchain is not Bitcoin. Simply put, blockchain is distributed ledger technology (DLT), not a token. It has many characteristics, such as decentralization, traceability, and difficulty in tampering.
(1) Blockchain is a distributed database
First of all, this is a decentralized distributed architecture system. Therefore, having only one central server or node is not called a blockchain. For example, if you go to Taobao to buy a mobile phone, you and the seller are strangers and have no basis for trust. If you give the money to the seller first, the seller may block you by not delivering the goods, and then your mobile phone money will be gone. If the seller ships first, do you pay? It is possible that you do not pay the seller after receiving the goods, and one party may lose money anyway. At this time, a third-party guarantee is needed to solve the trust problem. Just like Alipay now, you give money to Alipay and the seller will deliver the goods. When you receive the goods, the seller will receive the money.
The above example is a centralized system because all guarantee work is handled by Bora, a third-party payment company. Suppose one day Alipay wants to tamper with data, neither buyers nor sellers can do anything because all authority is in the hands of one company.
At this time, a distributed database is needed. This third party is no longer Alipay, but thousands of monitors. When you buy a mobile phone on Taobao, you will shout to everyone that I am going to XXX to buy a mobile phone, and I paid XXX yuan. The other person will yell like everyone else. I collected XXX’s mobile phone bill and sent it over. In this way, everyone knows about this transaction and everyone is recording this transaction, so it is useless if one or two nodes have problems or malicious behavior, because most nodes have recorded this matter.
(B) Blockchain uses encryption technology to ensure data security
There are two important points here: 1. Crypto-enabled hash function 2. Asymmetric encryption.
If you are interested in specific concepts, you can go online, but people without basic knowledge may not be able to understand it, because these two points are too professional. In fact, if you only know the use of blockchain, you don’t need to have an in-depth understanding of it. It is also a technical concept. All you need to know is that blockchain relies on these technical points to ensure data security and is not easily tampered with. Of course, many people say that these two points can guarantee 100% non-tampering. I want to be a little conservative here. As an author who travels in the security industry, I have always been clear about 100% security.and doubtful, so it might be more appropriate to call it difficult to tamper with.
I will briefly introduce these two concepts and try to explain them clearly in plain English.
1. Cryptographic Hash Function
This is mainly used to verify the integrity of information. For example, I sent a message to the company leader saying that I was sick on Friday and needed to take a day off. At this time, a hash value will be generated based on the message I sent, such as: 123456. At this point, when the leader receives this message, a hash value is also generated. Because the content of the message I sent has not changed (it has not been tampered with), the hash value remains unchanged, still: 123456. This is if someone wants to tamper with this news and get sick on Friday and need to take a year off. At this time, the hash value will change, such as: 123489. That's when we learned our information had been tampered with.
2. Asymmetric encryption
It is mainly used for information encryption and authentication. It is actually two keys, one is called the public key and the other is called the private key. Public key encryption, private key decryption.
A public key is a key that everyone has. You own it, I own it. We can all encrypt with this key, but when decrypting it must be decrypted with my private key. If you don't have my private key, you can't decrypt it.
(C) The blockchain uses a consensus algorithm to reach consensus on new data.
The role of the consensus algorithm is to enable all nodes to reach a consensus on the new block. In other words, everyone must approve the new block.
For a centralized deployment system, this is simple, everything is controlled by the center, but in the distributed system of the blockchain, it is very complicated. For example, there are three nodes. A said he bought a mobile phone from XXX store and paid for it, B said he didn’t pay, and C said he didn’t pay enough. Then who do you listen to? What's more, blockchain technology is not as simple as three nodes, but a huge distributed system.
This is when a solution is needed. There is a corresponding problem in computer science called the "Byzantine Universal Problem" or "Byzantine Fault Tolerance" (BFT). This question was raised not because of Bitcoin, but because of a special background.
Early aircraft had three independent control systems. Why do we need three independent control systems? For example, in an emergency, there is a plane opposite. How to judge whether you should hide? If there is only one system, there is no choice, which is equivalent to centralized deployment. If the system breaks, you're dead. What if one of the two systems breaks? The good ones are said to hide, and the bad ones are said not to hide. The computer cannot judge the final result. Therefore, three independent systems are needed to support it, and the probability of two total failures is still very small. But this only takes into account injuries. What should I do if there is a malicious system? Is three enough? The answer is no, we need four systems to maintain consensus.
The use of blockchain is similar, because it is supported by a huge number of nodes, and each node is an independent system without interfering with each other. We can assume that the number of failed nodes and malicious nodes is limited, so it will not cause abnormal consistency of data.
Related Q&A: What is blockchain? What is the use?
Blockchain is a new computing paradigm and distributed infrastructure.Use fast chain data structures, distributed node consensus algorithms, cryptography methods and smart contracts based on automated script codes to produce, verify, store and transmit data. It can also be said that blockchain is a distributed ledger technology that can provide a decentralized trust mechanism in a non-trust environment, allowing multi-party participants to conduct secure and trust-based transactions without intermediaries.
The core advantage of blockchain technology is decentralization. It can realize decentralized credit-based transactions in a distributed system where nodes do not need to trust each other by using data encryption, timestamps, distributed consensus and economic incentives. Point-to-point transactions, coordination and collaboration provide solutions to the common problems of high cost, low efficiency and insecure data storage in centralized institutions.
The fields of use of blockchain include digital currency, certificates, finance, anti-counterfeiting and traceability, privacy protection, supply chain, entertainment, etc. With the popularity of blockchain and Bitcoin, many related top domain names have been registered. It has had a relatively large impact on the domain name industry.
Related Q&A: Can you explain to me what a blockchain is in an easy-to-understand way?
Er Gazi is my friend since we were young, and we were naked in Hegou together. Later, I came to the city to study and work, and lived a life as a drifter in the north; he farmed at home and also did some small business, and now he has a son and a daughter, and his life is safe. He envied my so-called "seen the world", and I envied his simple life without the pressure of mortgage loans. We have completely different and mutually enviable lives??
That day, Ga Zi came to me on WeChat and asked "District" What is a blockchain?" I was stunned for a moment, how could this idiot care about such an avant-garde word? I pretended to be calm and prepared to talk about the technical principles bit by bit, but I could see the confused expression of that idiot through the screen of my mobile phone. How to explain "what is blockchain" to people who have a little bit of Internet concepts and technical foundation? This seems to be a very thorny problem??
The village commissary interprets the core of blockchain (picture quoted from the Internet)
The core essence of blockchain is "decentralization", and almost all operating modes of blockchain operate around the concept of "decentralization". Once you understand what "decentralization" is, you can basically explain the question "what is a blockchain?" For Erga, of course, he must perform a version that he can understand.
“I said, Gazi, are you still open that canteen at the east end of the village?” Gazi answered yes. I decided to use this canteen as an example to explain the actual use of blockchain in modern business and financial models. Scenario, so that he can better understand what blockchain is.
"Are there still many villagers who take credit now? By the end of the year, some of the accounts cannot be remembered clearly, and there are still many defaulters or those who refuse to accept their accounts?" At this point, Ergazi got emotional and kept complaining. Nowadays, people's hearts are not as old as before, and business is difficult to do!
"In the past, the operation model of your canteen was a typical centralized one. You granted credit to the villagers and allowed them to take accounts on credit. All accounting was done directly through you and our villagers. You were the center of all accounting affairs." Ergazi said ableGot it, let me continue.
I said: "If you fail one day, then all the accounts will become dead accounts? It will be difficult to get back the IOUs written in black and white, let alone those who remember the accounts verbally, but the block The decentralization of the chain can solve this problem very well. As long as the earth still exists, the blockchain will remember that every account will exist forever." Erga became more energetic after hearing this.
The essence of blockchain is "decentralization"
"The essence of blockchain is decentralization. Once someone takes credit from you, all the neighbors in the village will help you keep accounts. Because of the accounting There are many nodes, and it is neither easy to make mistakes nor others to default on the debt, so everyone reaches a consensus. If someone maliciously fails to pay back the debt, the whole village will know his character, and no one will be willing to have financial transactions with him in the future? ?”
At this point, Gazi was obviously a little excited. It seemed that he was really worried about the credit issue. Seeing that Gazi was interested, I felt a little sense of accomplishment and continued: "Of course, the above is just an analogy. In fact, the blockchain does not really allow the villagers to get paper and pen to help you keep accounts, but through the Internet It was completed by networking with the computer."
At this time, Gazi was a little confused and asked: "Then everyone in the village knows what others bought from me, so who would buy anything from me? It's really a bit weird. There is no privacy. And you don’t have time to keep accounts here. Last year’s accounts are said to be this year’s. What if you keep delaying it?”
“Okay, Gazi, you are on to the point of asking this question.” It seems that Gazi is not stupid at all, and is still very smart in doing business. I continued to explain: "So, the recording and transmission of this information are all done through encryption. What you see is a string of numbers and English, and each account has a timestamp to record the time it occurred. , can't be relied on."
Gazi had another question: "Could it be that the people who owe the debt have a good relationship with the villagers, and they join forces to tamper with the accounting? Then it will be unclear what to say? ?”
“Gazi, that’s all you have to be careful about, haha.” I understood Gazi’s concerns and continued to explain: “The mechanism of the blockchain requires more than 51% of people to agree to tamper with a bill. Yes. There is a degree of closeness and distance between people, and it is impossible for everyone to prefer one person. If it were a computer, more than half of the computers in the entire network would need to recalculate. This project is so huge that it is almost impossible to complete?? ”
In this way, through the actual situation of the canteen and combined with some scenes in life, Gazi understood what is in the blockchain: decentralization, distributed accounting, consensus mechanism, encryption mechanism, timestamp, and Characteristics that are not easily tampered with.
Ergazi was silent for a moment, as if he was digesting the example I just gave him, and I don’t know how much he can understand it. Not long after, he sent me another voice message on WeChat: "What does blockchain mean? In the past, when I bought goods online and paid for them, I had to go through Jack Ma's house. If there is a blockchain, can it be done directly?" Transacting with the seller, the accounting is very safe anyway."
"Okay, Gazi, it's really clear. The essence of blockchainIt is a decentralized distributed ledger data cloud. Of course, it can be understood according to your understanding. "I'm very happy that Gazi can roughly appreciate the true charm of the blockchain. Fortunately, my words have not been in vain.
What is Bitcoin? (Picture quoted from the Internet)
"Then Bitcoin What is this thing again? What does it have to do with blockchain? "Gazi asked.
I thought about it briefly and decided to continue to explain to Gazi with the story of the canteen: "Your canteen, the villagers can't keep accounts for you for free all day long, right? Do you have to carry some during the holidays? This is the reward mechanism of the blockchain, and everyone who participates in bookkeeping may receive rewards. "
"Then what are the rewards based on? There has to be a rule, right? "Gazi asked very puzzled.
I explained: "Zhang San went to your store to borrow a pack of cigarettes on credit, but Li Si knew about it first and kept an account for you first, and then others knew about it. Keep accounts, then Li Si can get a small red flower as a reward ~ This small red flower is generated by the blockchain system and has no value in itself, so you do not need to pay any cost for this small red flower??"< p>“Can Bitcoin be spent as money? How is it different from the banknotes we usually spend? "Gazi continued to ask.
"Bitcoin is a digital encrypted virtual currency. In principle, it has no value itself like our banknotes. However, banknotes have a credit guarantee from the state, so they have value. Bitcoin is the value formed by consensus among Bitcoin network users, and it has tradable properties, so it can be used to carry value. "What is said here is a bit profound. I don't know if I can understand it.
I continued to explain: "Banknotes can be printed infinitely. If more are printed, inflation will occur. When we were young, popsicles worth 1 cent were very good. , now you can’t eat with 1 yuan. Of course, there are many factors that affect inflation. The number of Bitcoins is fixed, and there is no possibility of unlimited over-issuance. However, different people have different judgments on their value, and coupled with the influence of supply and demand and investor sentiment, their prices are always fluctuating. ”
What is the difference between Bitcoin price fluctuations and stocks?
“So is speculating in Bitcoin just like speculating in stocks? Can you understand it this way? "Gazi seems to know a lot.
"In fact, there are some similarities, but there are also big differences. "I continued Gazi's topic: "The price of stocks always fluctuates around the valuation of companies, and there is government supervision in the stock market. Bitcoin itself has no value. It is priced entirely based on supply and demand and player valuations. It grows wildly without any government supervision. Therefore, it may have higher risks and higher returns than stocks. "
In the end, Gazi revealed the real purpose of today. He asked me: "Can I invest in blockchain projects? ”
Gazi is a typical example of those who don’t go to the Three Treasures Hall for anything. Although there is a large circle of people who are involved in both blockchain and Bitcoin, in fact, what he really cares about is “blockchain project investment” Is it reliable? "As soon as these words came out, I felt helpless.I am shocked that so-called blockchain investment projects have now reached fourth- and sixth-tier cities and small towns!
Up to now, there are only three situations in investing in blockchain: mining, currency speculation, and so-called blockchain projects.
Mining and currency speculation are still the main lines of the blockchain (pictures quoted from the Internet)
The so-called mining is to obtain returns by purchasing mining equipment such as mining machines, mining virtual currencies, and then selling them for cash. . You can install the mining machine yourself, or you can find a mining pool to host it, but the core keys to profitability are "computing power" and "power consumption" as well as investment in equipment. With the sharp drop in the price of virtual currencies and the increase in mining difficulty, the current mining returns of many currencies are very unsatisfactory. Mining is obviously something only a very small number of investors who understand technology can do well, and my childhood friend Gazi obviously can’t do it.
As for "coin speculation", I have just introduced some differences between Bitcoin and stocks in the previous section. In principle, although they are both "buy low and sell high" operations, they are very different. Ordinary investors cannot determine the value of a virtual currency itself. The price is determined entirely by the relationship between supply and demand, which is somewhat similar to what we often call "market makers." On the other hand, the virtual currency trading market is extremely unstandardized, and fraud and hacker attacks often occur. The risk factor is much greater than investing in stocks. For the safety of my friends' funds, I am one of the ten thousand people who disagree with me and come to "speculate in coins"!
The "September Fourth Movement" stipulated that the issuance of virtual currency is illegal
In fact, in my opinion, most of the so-called investment projects in the market are essentially "illegal fund-raising" and "pyramid schemes." Some so-called blockchain investment projects attract investors into the circle through various packaging and inflammatory rhetoric, and then create the illusion of profitability by building a software and hardware ecosystem of issuing new coins + mining + currency speculation, and then finally run away. Our country's laws clearly stipulate that the issuance of virtual currencies is illegal.
Illegal pyramid schemes now wear the cloak of blockchain (picture quoted from the Internet)
And how to identify some pyramid schemes under the guise of blockchain? In fact, these pyramid schemes are also so-called Ponzi schemes, what we people often call "empty gloves." These so-called "direct sales" or "marketing" activities often have no actual products to circulate, and rely more on developing "downline" to ensure top-level profits. With the rise of the concept of blockchain, this MLM model has shown an intensification trend, and it even deceives people under the banner of state support for new technologies.
When Gazi asked, “Can blockchain projects be invested in?”, I realized the seriousness of the problem. Gazi is a typical young man from a small town, and his pursuit is his wife and children. But when faced with the attraction of "wealth", people often do inappropriate things. Mining and currency speculation are simply not suitable for him, let alone blockchain investment projects that are most likely "illegal financing" or "illegal pyramid schemes"!
I quickly called Gazi and conducted the above analysis carefully??
G. Blockchain, true win-win
Competition consciousness destroys competition force.
In an era of scarcity, competition is basically a zero-sum game. We have entered an era of abundance, but most people are still stuck in the shallow thinking of "you lose and I win."
The Internet has improved productivity, and blockchain has changed production relations. In other words, blockchain has changed the method of dividing the pie, and "the method of dividing the pie determines the size of the pie." In the blockchain era, everyone works together to make the pie bigger. Everyone takes turns dividing the pie, and the person who divides the pie is the last to pick the pie. Therefore, everyone not only gets a piece of the pie in the most fair and transparent way, but also gets a bigger piece of the pie.
Sharing has become the natural way of spreading blockchain. Because only good things that you really recognize can be shared after you share them. In a centralized world, decisions and decisions are made by leaders. The "leaders" have the final say on big and small matters, and the "employees" only need to execute them. In a decentralized world, every "node" has voting rights, and all decisions and decisions are decided by everyone's vote. Those with different opinions can choose to "leave the group" and then form a new group to find other like-minded people, reach a new consensus, and open up a new world.
All of this is determined by the characteristics of blockchain decentralization, distributed accounting, traceability, non-tampering, openness, and transparency.
Therefore, there is no competition in the world of blockchain, only consensus. "There is no such thing as a wasted journey in life, every step counts" (Li Zongsheng). In the world of blockchain, every step taken is "time stamped", and all traces are "recorded" and will not be erased, tampered with, repeated, or "jealous" , will not occupy the magpie's nest, and will not bully the weak.
In a centralized world, predecessors plant trees, and future generations enjoy the shade. It is unclear who planted the tree, so everyone enjoys the shade for free. But in the world of blockchain, it is clear who planted the tree. People who want to enjoy the shade need to pay a certain "tree planting fee" before they can enjoy the shade. Therefore, in the world of blockchain, good people must be rewarded, and eventually a win-win situation of "everyone for one, one for everyone" will be formed.
Blockchain is not only a technology, but also a method, a way of thinking, and a philosophy. Blockchain is not a trend or a trend, it is the era itself.
2021-9-14
H. How to explain blockchain in one sentence
Blockchain is used to jointly record public data, or In a more narrow sense, it is used for accounting.
For example, you recorded in your computer that Zhang San owes you 10,000 yuan, and Zhang San said that I also recorded in my computer that you owe me 1 million yuan. What to do?
This used to be the solution: Find a notary, and both of your accounts will be recorded with the notary. If there is a dispute, the notary's account book shall prevail. For example, this is what banks do. Both of your money is deposited with him, including transfers and borrowings.Record.
Blockchain solves this problem: When you are keeping accounts in your own computer, Zhang San is also writing down the same data in his own computer. After recording, you two check each other and both agree. , this account is officially recorded. There is no need for third parties or so-called "authoritative agencies" or "certification agencies" to participate in the process.
The way everyone keeps accounts together is also called "distributed" or "decentralized" because everyone keeps accounts, and the accuracy of the ledger is determined by a program algorithm rather than a certain Authority agency.
(8) Extended reading on the sharing discourse of blockchain:
The characteristics of blockchain are abnormal security, non-tamperability, accessibility, and no Third parties.
Its application scenarios include but are not limited to, there is no need to prove "my mother is my mother" in the future. The non-tamperable nature of blockchain technology has fundamentally changed this situation. Our birth certificates , real estate certificates, and marriage certificates can all be notarized on the blockchain and become things trusted by the world. Of course, it can also easily prove that "my mother is my mother."
For another example, we often use apps such as Ctrip and Meituan to find and place orders for hotels and other services, and each platform gets a commission from them. The application of blockchain is to remove middlemen and create a secure and decentralized way for service providers and customers to connect and trade directly.
I. Blockchain explained in vernacular
Blockchain explained in vernacular is:
A decentralized distributed ledger database. Decentralization means that it is different from the traditional centralized method. There is no center here, or everyone is the center. Distributed ledger database means that the recording method is not only to store the ledger data in each node, but also in each node. The data of the entire ledger will be shared and copied synchronously.
Generally speaking, a blockchain system consists of a data layer, a network layer, a consensus layer, an incentive layer, a contract layer and an application layer.
Among them, the data layer encapsulates the underlying data blocks and related basic data and algorithms such as data encryption and timestamps; the network layer includes distributed networking mechanisms, data dissemination mechanisms, and data verification mechanisms, etc. ; The consensus layer mainly encapsulates various consensus algorithms of network nodes; the incentive layer integrates economic factors into the blockchain technology system, mainly including the issuance mechanism and distribution mechanism of economic incentives; the contract layer mainly encapsulates various scripts, algorithms and Smart contracts are the basis of the programmable features of the blockchain; the application layer encapsulates various application scenarios and cases of the blockchain.
In this model, the chain block structure based on timestamps, the consensus mechanism of distributed nodes, economic incentives based on consensus computing power and flexible programmable smart contracts are the most representative of blockchain technology. sexual innovation.
