区块链不可能三角理论,区块链的不可能三角问题是什么意思?

❶The Impossible Triangle

The Impossible Triangle is an interesting theory. This means that there are three characteristics that cannot be obtained at the same time. You can only give up one to obtain the other two.

The most famous is Mundell's impossible triangle theory, which has also become synonymous with the impossible triangle theory. Mundell's Impossible Triangle Theory:

An economy cannot have both monetary policy autonomy, free capital flow and exchange rate stability. It can only obtain the other two by sacrificing one. .

There are similar "impossible triangle theories" in other fields.

In the field of project management:

Quality, efficiency and cost, these three constitute the impossible triangle.

Distributed field:

CAP theorem refers to Consistency (consistency), Availability (availability), and Partition tolerance (partition fault tolerance) in a distributed system ), these three constitute the impossible triangle.

The complexity of high-availability storage is theoretically demonstrated. In other words, storage high availability cannot satisfy "consistency, availability, and partition fault tolerance" at the same time, and can satisfy at most two of them. This requires making trade-offs based on business when doing architecture design.

Investment areas:

High returns, strong liquidity, and low risks form an impossible triangle.

Blockchain field:

High efficiency, security and decentralization form the impossible triangle.

A blockchain system cannot have all three of these points. At least one must be sacrificed to strengthen the other two.

The traditional Internet has achieved the ultimate in "high efficiency" and done a good job in "security", but it has completely abandoned "decentralization". Bitcoin abandoned "high efficiency" and achieved "security" and "decentralization".

Finally, I heard about the "Impossible Triangle" in a joke.

forWhy can non-party members get extra points when some companies recruit programmers?

A person can only have two of the three things of party spirit, sincerity and wisdom.

We hope to recruit colleagues who are both sincere and intelligent, so...

Although the "Impossible Triangle" may not be correct at all times, it is important to understand the "Impossible Triangle" "Possibility theory" helps us better analyze problems, make decisions, and avoid getting stuck in thinking or pursuing goals.

20180606.

❷ Four major highlights in the blockchain field in 2022｜Interface Prophet⑯

There is a question in the blockchain field about "no The core propositions of the "Triangle of Possibility" are security, performance and decentralization. This proposition is the foundation of the evolution of blockchain technology. Whether it is Bitcoin, Ethereum, or the vigorously developed alliance chain, it is essentially a trade-off between the above three elements.

As Ethereum’s core position among blockchain developers is determined, performance has gradually become a bottleneck for its development. Therefore, in the foreseeable 2022, improvements in performance and efficiency will be a long-term and critical issues.

Based on the Ethereum ecosystem, to improve performance within the limits of the "Impossible Triangle", the current path has been clear. The first one is the Layer 1 level, that is, other public chains share the burden of Ethereum. Data pressure.

One of the major trends in 2021 is the increased use of Layer 1. The space is currently dominated by Solana, Avalanche, Terra and Binance Smart Chain, each with a growing ecosystem. The value has exceeded 10 billion US dollars.

The second type is Layer 2, which is based on the Ethereum main network, but transfers settlement to the second layer network to improve efficiency. This is what Ethereum is working on, Layer 2 is often called rollups because they "aggregate" or bundle transactions together and execute them in a new environment before sending updated transaction data back to Ethereum.

As for the most critical data verification link of the blockchain, Layer2 currently has two technical solutions, one is called "Optimistic rollups" and the other is called "ZK Rollups". Both technical routes have teams developing corresponding networks and have ecological support, such as Arbitrum, which chooses "Optimistic rollups", and dYdX, which chooses "ZK Rollups".

Between Layer1 and Layer2, there is another solution called "side chain", which is partially compatible with the Ethereum main network, but does not belong to Layer2. They are specifically used to deal with the excess capacity of Ethereum, rather than with the entire Ethereum network. Ethereum competes with and hosts Ethereum applications in a complementary manner.

Starting with DeFi, which currently has the most active users, according to statistics from DeFi Lama, the amount of DeFi locked on Ethereum has exceeded 100 billion US dollars, and other public chains such as BSC, Solana, and Avalanche have also Attracting nearly US$49 billion in funds, it has become a very active financial scene.

Although the data of many public chains is quite large, different chains are like data islands, and assets on different chains cannot be freely exchanged. In addition, many emerging public chains are not as developed as Ethereum and lack many foundations. Facilities such as stablecoins, NFT games, and more.

Therefore, assets on other chains need to be introduced into one's own public chain through cross-chain. Among the currently commonly used cross-chain methods, in addition to cross-chain currency withdrawals in centralized institutions such as exchange wallets , the most common ones are various decentralized cross-chain asset bridges.

For cross-chain bridges, the most important issue is how to reach consensus, which is largely related to the security of investors’ assets under custody. For now, the security of centralized exchanges Cross-chain bridges are the most convenient type of cross-chain bridge for users. However, cross-chain bridges in centralized exchanges have the problem of single points of failure. In addition, current cross-chain bridges are gradually moving towards non-custodialization. Development is to further protect the security of users’ assets.

The full name of DAO is "Decentralized Autonomous Organization", which is a management model that attempts to get rid of the traditional bureaucracy and uses blockchain technology to complete autonomous operations. organizational form.

Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs) enable global coordination of individuals using blockchain-based governance. DAOs can be used for many purposes, including managing the operations and capital of a blockchain project (MakerDAO), managing investment capital (The LAO), managing the use of game assets (YGG DAO), coordinating cultural groups (Friends With Benefits), or coordinating purchases Asset (Constitution DAO).

The number of DAOs included in the deep website has reached 187, with total assets under management exceeding US$12 billion and covering more than 1.6 million members. Although in the blockchain field, this is not a huge amount of data. But institutions including Sequoia Capital are beginning to take notice of this new term.

Cryptocurrency market capitalizationIt will officially exceed US$2 trillion in 2021 and currently reaches US$2.5 trillion, an increase of 175% from the beginning of the year. Along with the explosive growth of market value, financing in the encryption field has also increased rapidly. According to statistics, there were 1,529 publicly disclosed primary market financings in the encryption industry in 2021, totaling approximately US$32.6 billion, with a year-on-year growth of an exaggerated 814.2%.

However, equity financing in the crypto field is different from other fields. Under the "VIE" structure, the main exit channel for traditional VC funds is for companies to land on the secondary market for IPO. However, the blockchain field has its own new financing method ICO (banned in China). The key difference of this decentralized financing method is that users can participate in the growth of the community at an earlier stage, while under the traditional venture capital model, only logging in After the secondary market, ordinary investors have the opportunity to share the dividends of corporate growth.

In the field of encryption, first of all, the concept of "company" has been weakened. Due to the existence of "Web3" and "DAO", communities and organizations are more mentioned. Users are naturally interested in There is a sense of distrust in centralized platforms.

The most popular project in the crypto community in the past two weeks is called "OpenDao", which is a project that imitates the leading NFT trading platform "OpenSea". The reason why this project is so popular is that crypto players are interested in "OpenSea" is dissatisfied. "OpenSea" has recently reported that it is conducting a new round of financing and is preparing for an IPO. However, NFT enthusiasts do not want “OpenSea” to become a monopoly platform like the current Internet giants, so “OpenDao” adopts the concept of decentralization and issues airdrops to all “OpenSea” users.

And at the end of 2021, there was a debate in the encryption community about "Web3", including Tesla Chairman Elon Musk and former Twitter executive Jack Dorsey pointing to contradictions during the debate I have learned about venture capital institutions in crypto finance and believe that VCs have gained too much profit.

In 2021, an investment institution in the form of "DAO" also emerged. This kind of organization includes investors who are very influential in the community and are deeply involved in the technology field. They incubate The project performance even exceeds the results of some traditional VCs.

❸ Xu Mingxing believes that the factors that hinder the development of blockchain are what and how to solve them

Blockchain expert Xu Mingxing believes that "decentralization", "scalability" and "security" The ebb and flow of the three "sexuality" has always been a problem that hinders the large-scale application of blockchain. "Decentralization", "scalability" and "security" form an "impossible triangle". The pursuit of "security" and "decentralization" cannot take into account "scalability". The pursuit of "security" and "security" "Scalability" cannot take into account "decentralization", and the pursuit of "scalability" and "decentralization" cannot take into account "security". CongkeIn terms of scalability, the throughput of current mainstream blockchain platforms is still very low. From a security perspective, malicious nodes will destroy the security and stability of the blockchain system, and the blockchain's nature based on public key cryptography may be subject to quantum computing attacks.
Xu Mingxing proposed his own solution for scalability and security, from the idea of ​​​​chain to "network", in the form of DAG, by changing the way of data organization, and by using concurrent computing to greatly improve the block chain processing speed. At the same time, sharding technology can allocate different nodes to different shards. Each node only needs to verify transactions within its own shard, and does not need to verify transactions outside the shard, thus reducing repeated calculations by nodes

❹ The Impossible Triangle and Consensus Mechanism

The Impossible Triangle of Blockchain was first proposed by Mr. Chang Xia, the founder of Babbitt. The principles are: decentralization, security, Environmental protection forms an impossible triangle. Designing a digital currency that meets two of the characteristics will inevitably make the third characteristic impossible to achieve. For example, if you design a cryptocurrency that is both environmentally friendly and secure, it must be centralized.

At that time, there were many digital currencies that adopted other consensus mechanisms, such as PPcoin, Nextcoin, Ripple, etc., which made the POW consensus mechanism also controversial in the Bitcoin community. Most people denied the POW consensus mechanism. Community members believe that this consensus mechanism is a waste of the world's electricity doing useless mathematical calculations. The key thing is that Satoshi Nakamoto did not give an explanation for the choice of the Bitcoin consensus mechanism in the white paper, and the call for POS to replace POW has become more and more intense.

Under this situation, Mr. Changxia proposed the theory of this impossible triangle. Using game theory to interpret POS will inevitably lead to centralized results. I don't deny POW, nor do I deny POS, but under different token mechanisms, there are actually different choices. We all know that in addition to high handling fees for cross-regional and cross-country inter-bank transfers, the cost of currency settlement between countries is also very high. Currently, aircraft transportation is mainly used for settlement on a monthly basis. . Secondly, in the process of each commercial bank distributing its reserve currency to each branch bank, it also spends a lot of manpower and material resources. This is actually caused by the properties of the currency itself. Among the three characteristics of currency: decentralization, security, and environmental protection, the most important is security, followed by efficiency. Bitcoin uses the POW consensus mechanism, which consumes huge amounts of electricity to ensure the security characteristics of the currency to the greatest extent, and is compatible with decentralization at the same time. It is already the optimal solution in terms of the architecture of currency attributes, and practices like ripple that sacrifice decentralization to improve efficiency are more suitable for settlement.

The dpos consensus mechanism adopted by eos is also controversial. Everyone believes that the operation of 21 master nodes does not implement the characteristics of blockchain decentralization at all. But everyone has to think about it. Within the framework of this impossible triangle, for commercial products such as smart contracts, whether efficiency is more important or decentralization is more important? I believe different people already have the answer in their minds. Therefore, we may not be able to confirm which consensus mechanism is the best, but we can find the optimal one in different application scenarios and different token attributes.

❺ How does HNB deal with the "impossible triangle of blockchain"?

The "impossible triangle of blockchain" refers to the consistency, The three characteristics of availability and partition fault tolerance cannot be guaranteed to be satisfied at the same time. At most, two of them can be satisfied at the same time; system designers need to make choices based on different needs.

HNB’s current application scenarios and economic model, efficiency should be the first consideration, and need to support greater concurrent transactions and high performance. At the same time, as a system centered around payment, it is necessary to avoid double-spend problems while ensuring low latency, so security and reliability are also crucial. Based on the above analysis, HNB proposed the DPoS+Algorand algorithm, which uses DPoS to elect the consensus group, and then Algorand generates the blockchain.

The main advantages of the consensus algorithm based on this combination are: 1. The nodes selected by Dpos using identity attributes fully consider the distribution of interests and fairness, avoiding the situation of a single group doing evil. 2. The consensus is reached quickly, and the speed will not decrease as the system nodes increase, and can support a large number of nodes. In addition, using Dpos to campaign for candidate nodes will be more stable and relatively high-performance than using Algorand to purely randomly select ordinary users. configuration. 3. The bookkeeper is completely random and secretive, and there is no specific attack on him. 4. No meaningless calculations are performed while ensuring security, thus saving computing resources. 5. The probability of bifurcation by a single bookkeeper is close to 0, and the fault tolerance rate is high.

In this way, the "blockchain impossible triangle" can also be effectively solved, creating a fully protected community environment for HNB users.

❻ What is the Impossible Triangle in Blockchain

The Impossible Triangle in Blockchain refers to decentralization, scalability, and security. These three requirements of security cannot be met at the same time, and a choice must be made. For example, Bitcoin has a very high degree of decentralization and security, but its performance (also known as scalability) is very low, the network is often congested, and traders have to pay more handling fees. Another example is the star project EOS, which is known as a million-level TPS and its performance is much higher than that of Bitcoin. But in order to achieve highPerformance has been sacrificed at the expense of decentralization, with only 21 super nodes. Therefore, it has been questioned that power is too concentrated, which is not conducive to network security. The above are two typical examples of the impossible triangle. This statement originated from Chang Chai's article "The Impossible Triangle: Security, Environmental Protection, and Decentralization".

❼ Blockchain and the “Impossible Triangle” in Economics

Continuing from the Impossible Triangle in Economics mentioned at the end of the previous article, here is a popular comic interpretation , I would like to share it with you here:

Illustration of Mundell’s Impossible Triangle

Here is a brief explanation of this impossible triangle:

No The possible triangle refers to an economy's monetary autonomy, exchange rate stability and free capital flow. One must be given up, and the three cannot be obtained at the same time.

For example, China is a typical example of giving up the free flow of capital and implementing capital controls in order to implement an independent monetary policy + fixed exchange rate; Hong Kong is a typical example of giving up the free flow of capital in order to implement a fixed exchange rate + free capital flow. In order to implement an independent monetary policy and free capital flow, the United States gave up its fixed exchange rate.

Exchange rate and the 811 exchange reform

First, let’s talk about exchange rate stability. A stable exchange rate is easier for everyone to understand. Before the exchange rate reform (811 exchange reform) implemented by China on August 11, 2015, the RMB exchange rate was pegged to a single U.S. dollar system. After the 811 exchange reform, several major currencies were selected and given corresponding weights to form a currency basket. At the same time, changes in the RMB multilateral exchange rate index are calculated based on market supply and demand with reference to a basket of currencies to maintain the basic stability of the RMB exchange rate at a reasonable and balanced level. However, referring to a basket does not mean pegging it. It also requires market supply and demand as another important basis, based on which a managed floating exchange rate system can be formed.

What does the government expect to do after the exchange rate reform? As you can see from this triangle shape, we want to achieve the independence of monetary policy and the free flow of capital. So what does monetary policy independence and free capital flow mean? Monetary policy independence means that the central bank within the economy can formulate monetary policies, decide independently whether to issue or withdraw currency, and regulate liquidity. For a super economy like China, monetary policy must be in its own hands. Free flow of capital means that foreign funds can come in to invest or withdraw capital at will. Then, with the needs of my country's current industrial structure adjustment and the need to continuously expand opening up to the outside world, the liberalization of the capital market is inevitable. Recently, we have seen some relaxation of capital controls, such as the recent announcement to open foreign accounts to enter the A-share market, and the previous announcement to remove restrictions on foreign shareholding ratios in banks and financial asset management companies; securities companies, fund management companies, and futures companies will be , the upper limit of foreign ownership of personal insurance companies has been relaxed to 51%. WeWe have seen China’s capital market opening up to the outside world, but this aspect is imported. However, regarding the policy of domestic capital going out, we currently see that the government level is still relatively conservative, especially since last year, they have stopped large-scale mergers and acquisitions by domestic capital groups. Overseas projects, such as XXX Airline, etc. Therefore, for now, the government's domestic capital controls are still strict. Of course, in addition to the investments made by large state-owned enterprises overseas, the overseas investment of capital from large government funds and banks such as the Silk Road Fund and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank has been approved at all levels and is subject to stricter controls.

So, the reason why we need to strictly control capital is, on the one hand, to consider the impact of the free flow of capital on our country's economy, and on the other hand, because of the current lack of effective financial supervision means. Regulate capital. As mentioned earlier in "The Three Major Characteristics of Blockchain: Penetration", blockchain is a penetrating technology and a powerful tool for financial supervision. The combination of financial markets and blockchain is an inevitable trend in the future, so with the help of blockchain technology, regulatory agencies can conduct real-time dynamic supervision of capital flows and flows, and aggregate the inflow and outflow of capital into one Network, the so-called Skynet is restored, without omissions; in addition, the regulations in the system design are incorporated into the smart contract of the blockchain. Once there is an abnormal inflow or outflow of funds, an alarm or early warning can be triggered in real time. Of course, friends in the financial sector need to give their opinions on whether complete penetrating supervision is necessary. However, using blockchain technology to regulate the flow of financial capital can greatly reduce the possibility of financial capital doing evil. Once evil is done, the perpetrators can be investigated and punished.

On the other hand, for capital going global, supervision may be more difficult, and issues of international cooperation and supervision need to be taken into consideration. At this time, it is necessary to break through the data silos between countries and establish a regulatory data sharing mechanism.

By building a regulatory system based on blockchain technology, we see that it will be possible to further realize the free flow of capital, a standardized capital market will gradually form, and a trust mechanism between various entities participating in the capital market will be able to The establishment will help create a fairer international capital competitive environment.

From the perspective of exchange rate changes, it mainly depends on the quality of the domestic economy. Of course, there are also external factors. Combined with the previous analysis of "Blockchain and Economic Cycle", it is expected that credit risk can be effectively controlled under the transformation of blockchain technology, and the volatility of a country's macroeconomics will weaken, so the corresponding fluctuations in the exchange rate market will also become smaller.

So back to the "Impossible Triangle" mentioned at the beginning of the article, with the help of blockchain technology, it is expected that this classic theory may be further rewritten, and the "Impossible Triangle" will also become " "possible triangle", due to the stability characteristics of triangles, further becomes "Reliability Triangle".

❽ What is the model of blockchain?

Blockchain is a new application bridge of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm. Use model. Blockchain (Xin Zaomeng Blockchain) is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database. At the same time, as the underlying technology of Bitcoin, it is a series of associated cryptographic methods. Data blocks, each data block contains a batch of Bitcoin network transaction information, used to verify the validity of the information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block.

And such technology If you want to put it into application, the biggest problem is the "impossible triangle problem"

That is, it is impossible to achieve scalability (Scalability), decentralization (), and security (Security) at the same time. The three can only be achieved. Second.

Most of the public chain projects currently on the market are difficult to put into use on a large scale.

If there is a public chain project that can solve this problem, it will be the blockchain A revolution.

Backed by Velas (Virtual Expanding Learning, virtual expansion autonomous learning system), the world’s first and largest cryptocurrency payment platform and wallet solution with a user base of more than 3 million ) is a public chain that uses artificial intelligence (AI)-optimized neural networks to enhance its consensus algorithm, perform self-learning and self-optimization, and is committed to improving the security, interoperability, and high scalability of the transfer process and smart contracts. Velas adopts the DPoS consensus enhanced by AI to achieve complete decentralization without reducing security and transaction speed.

Velas has recently launched the Velas desktop wallet and web page End Wallet

Velas Web Wallet

Velas Web Wallet allows users to handle cryptocurrencies, purchase Velas tokens VLX within their web browser, and supports easy viewing of detailed history of all wallet transactions Logging. Login credentials have an additional layer of security with two-factor authentication.

In addition to the basic functionality of creating and restoring wallets based on mnemonic strings, all data stored in the Velas web wallet uses RSA-256 -CBC algorithm is encrypted to ensure that user data is not stolen or misappropriated by the system owner or external attackers.

A prominent feature of the web version of the wallet is that it supports the exchange of VLX tokens for other encryption within the wallet currency, and the wallet will continuously refresh the current VLX exchange rate for all fiat currencies for user reference.

Velas Desktop Wallet

Velas Desktop Wallet is a highly secure wallet program for Windows , macOS, and Linux operating systems. The desktop wallet also uses the web version of MoneyIncludes the same mnemonic features and RSA-256-CBC encryption algorithm.

Unlike the web version, which is an online wallet, the Velas desktop wallet allows users to store their wallets directly on their computers, avoiding potential risks of online attacks, including phishing, IP fraud and XSS. It is worth mentioning that both the desktop and web wallets provide users with an automatic lock option for security issues. If not used for a long time, they will need to enter a password when logging in again before they can access again.

❾ How does the VS public chain solve the classic "impossible triangle" problem in the blockchain field?

First, the PoS+PoD hybrid consensus mechanism of the exclusive gaming community greatly improves the public chain network efficiency and consistency.
Second, community autonomy, all decisions are decided by voting by community members. Under the hybrid consensus mechanism, both PoS gold players and PoD technology players have higher rates of return and voice, which effectively avoids the impact of centralized computing power and centralized financial resources on the entire game ecology, thereby reducing the risk of forks . If a node wants to propose a fork for a certain protocol or standard, all nodes need to participate in voting. If the PoD+PoS weighted value of the voting result exceeds 50%, the system defaults to the chain with the highest weighted value as a valid chain, and all nodes will vote. Migrate to new chain mining at the time specified in the results.
Third, because game players have requirements for the performance and bandwidth of hardware devices, the VS public chain sets the node players participating in accounting into two categories: full nodes and light nodes. Players can manually switch between full nodes and light nodes. Generally, the light node mode is used during the game to give the game more hardware support, and the full node mode is activated after the game is over and during the idle period.
Fourth, all transaction permissions in the game come from the players. Only after the players authorize them through the exclusive secret key can the game assets be circulated. At the same time, all transaction data are encrypted using the modern cryptography technology ECC (elliptic encryption algorithm) to ensure the security of blockchain information.
Fifth, as a vertical public chain in the gaming field, VS will first complete an overall solution for decentralized game production, virtual asset issuance and token economic operation. Including game engines, developer environments, standard SDKs, etc., this reduces the difficulty and threshold for game developers to enter blockchain game development from various environments, which greatly reduces the workload and cost of the game development team, and also makes VS public The scalability of the chain becomes extremely high.