2017年勒索病毒区块链案例,2017年勒索病毒区块链事件

2017年，勒索病毒区块链案例引起了世界各地的关注。区块链技术的应用使得勒索病毒的传播更加便利，从而给企业和个人带来了巨大的威胁。在此背景下，探讨勒索病毒区块链案例的三个关键词：勒索病毒、区块链技术和预防措施。

勒索病毒是一种非常危险的计算机病毒，它会攻击计算机系统，将文件加密，然后要求用户付费解密，以恢复文件的使用权。勒索病毒的传播方式多种多样，可以通过电子邮件、聊天软件、社交网络等方式进行传播，也可以通过USB设备传播。

区块链技术是一种分布式数据存储技术，它可以将数据存储在网络中的多台计算机上，并且可以跟踪每一次的更新，以确保数据的完整性和可靠性。区块链技术可以用来记录金融交易，也可以用来记录其他类型的交易，比如勒索病毒的传播。

预防措施是防止勒索病毒传播的有效方法。首先，要确保系统安全，定期更新系统的安全补丁，以及安装杀毒软件，防止病毒的侵入。其次，要注意电子邮件的安全，不要随意打开邮件中的附件，也不要点击邮件中的链接，以免被恶意程序感染。此外，还要加强网络安全意识，不要轻易下载或使用未经审查的软件，以免被恶意软件感染。

2017年勒索病毒区块链案例的出现，提醒了我们要加强网络安全意识，及时采取有效的预防措施，以防止勒索病毒的传播。区块链技术的应用虽然为勒索病毒传播提供了便利，但我们也可以利用区块链技术，通过加密等技术手段，保护个人和企业的数据安全。

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『一』Ransomware swept across the country. Why do hackers only want Bitcoin?

It is understood that the hackers who designed this virus require users to pay a certain amount within three days after being infected. For $300 in Bitcoin, if payment is overdue, the “ransom” will be doubled. If the "ransom" is not paid after seven days, the attacker will not be polite and directly delete all the data and information on the computer.

But what should I do if I can’t pay $300 in a short time? It doesn’t matter, the hacker also set up a six-month “humanized” special repayment channel. Of course, if you are proficient in English, you can send an email to contact their customer service, and they may exempt you from harm. There is a precedent in Taiwan.
On the evening of May 12, a hacker action caused Microsoft system computers in nearly 100 countries around the world to be attacked by computer viruses named WannaCry (Want to Cry) or Wanna Decryptor (Want to Unlock), at least 45,000 machines were infected, causing panic among billions of online names. The network systems of some universities in our country have become the hardest hit areas, and the online payment system of PetroChina gas stations has also been affected.

Ransom interface

It is understood that the hacker who designed the virus requires users to pay the equivalent of US$300 in Bitcoin within three days after being infected. If the payment is overdue, The “ransom” is doubled. If the "ransom" is not paid after seven days, the attacker will not be polite and directly delete all the data and information on the computer.

But what should I do if I can’t pay $300 in a short time? It doesn’t matter, the hacker also set up a six-month “humanized” special repayment channel. Of course, if you are proficient in English, you can send an email to contact their customer service, and they may exempt you from harm. There is a precedent in Taiwan.
So, the question is, why do hackers want Bitcoin? What is Bitcoin? The editor will take you to understand this online currency.

Bitcoin
Bitcoin is a “digital currency” based on blockchain technology. The central bank made it clear in 2013 that Bitcoin, as a specific virtual commodity, does not have the same legal status as currency and cannot and should not be used as currency in the market. The reason why it became the "accomplice" of hackers this time lies in the characteristics of Bitcoin: anonymity and difficulty in supervision.

Compared with other methods, using Bitcoin to remit money is much more "secret". Normal cross-border remittances will be reviewed by various foreign exchange control agencies, and transaction records will be recorded by many parties including banks. Transactions exceeding a certain amount must be reported to relevant departments to prevent money laundering and other violations. Bitcoin has global characteristics and is usually used as a tool for cross-border payments and remittances. As an online encrypted virtual currency, Bitcoin has the characteristics of decentralization and anonymity. The flow of funds is not easy to track, and it is easier to hide your identity.

『二』比What is the development history of Bitcoin virus?

The past and present life of ransomware virus

In fact, the recent wncry virus is not the first time that ransomware has shown its power. Not long ago, a ransomware also appeared on the Android system, which encrypted the phone and demanded ransom. After this software was killed, it soon came back with an upgraded version - this new version of ransomware uses random keys to infect files. Even the attackers don't know how to unlock them, and even if users pay the ransom, it will be in vain.

We see that with the continuous development of IT technology, although there are many IT practitioners, the main employment personnel are basically concentrated in fields such as mobile platforms, cloud and artificial intelligence. The most popular programming languages ​​​​are also composed of C and C++ for low-level operations have gradually evolved into managed JAVA and even the GO language for modeling. The field of information security is a technology that is directly oriented to the bottom. There are fewer and fewer people engaged in low-level programming, which means that the base of information security practitioners is getting smaller and smaller. The direct consequence of this phenomenon is that the network world is falling behind. Technology can attack advanced technology, which is very similar to the invasion of advanced civilizations by backward barbarians in human society. The recent revelation that the wncry virus may have originated from North Korea also confirms this trend from the side. Some organizations and even countries are not equipped to engage in high-end technology, but the viruses they wrote can run rampant around the world. Ransomware hackers have further expanded the scope of attacks, such as online games, smart cars and wearable devices, and a large number of vulnerabilities have emerged. Looking back at the history of this type of software can be roughly divided into the following stages.

From the current Judging from the situation, the Bitcoin fork debate shows no signs of easing, but the emergence of Bitcoin ETFs and the wncry virus quickly pushed the price of Bitcoin to new highs. I personally think that Bitcoin has a high probability of exceeding 20,000 RMB in the short term, but considering that there are currently no fork disputes among Litecoin and other variants, from an investment perspective, if Bitcoin falls due to fork disputes again, then this In fact, it is good for Litecoin, so if there are readers who hold a large amount of Bitcoin but do not want to sell, they can consider going long Litecoin for hedging.

From an information security perspective, the fork issue is likely to affect Bitcoin’s continued status as a ransom for ransomware viruses. The author believes that a virus that accepts Litecoin and Ethereum as ransom is about to be born.

However, blockchain currencies are more or less troubled by processing speed and it is not easy to upgrade encryption algorithms. In the long run, the risks are relatively high, and there are obvious signs of short-term price manipulation. If you don't have strong mental endurance, just watch their trajectory.

『三』Nine common ways to attack the blockchain

Nine common ways to attack the blockchain, many people know about the blockchain , and everyone knows that blockchain can be attacked, but many people don’t knowThere are some ways to attack the blockchain. Let’s take a look with the editor. I hope it can help you.
Nine common ways to attack the blockchain
1. Eclipse attack - a node will select "x" nodes as the basis for accessing the blockchain, and the node will obtain the area from these "x" nodes Blockchain data.
If the attacker can make the "x" nodes selected by this node all nodes controllable by the attacker, the attacked node can be placed in an "isolated" state. The attacked node will be isolated from the main network and completely controlled by the attacker.
2. Witch attack - The "witch" here does not refer to a woman with magic, but comes from an American movie "Sybil". The protagonist in the play has 16 layers of magic and plays 16 different characters. Key to the same role. The witch attack refers to an attack launched by the same node disguised as a different node.
The attacker uses forged identities to disguise a small number of nodes into a large number of nodes, thereby affecting the entire network. Attackers may use witch attacks to double spend, implement 51% attacks, etc., and to implement a solar eclipse attack, they usually perform a witch attack first.
3. Alien attack - Alien attack is also called "address pollution".
When different public chains use compatible handshake protocols, we call these public chains homogeneous chains. The attacker adds the node data of the same chain to the attacked public chain node. When the attacked public chain node communicates and exchanges address pools, it will pollute the address pools of other normal nodes and continue to pollute the entire public chain network. , leading to a decrease in the communication performance of the public chain, and ultimately causing node congestion and other phenomena.
4. Selfish Mining_The consensus mechanism of the blockchain determines that nodes will agree that the longest chain is real and effective. An attacker can continue to mine the latest block without broadcasting it, thereby hiding the blocks he mined.
When the block hidden by the attacker node is longer than the longest block published on the chain, it will be broadcast again, thus becoming the longest chain, causing the original longest chain to be rolled back, thereby achieving attacks such as double spending. .
5. Mining Trojan_The attacker spreads the mining program to other people's computers by uploading malicious programs to the public network or creating worms.
Use other people's computer resources and electricity to mine and obtain mining benefits. An attacked computer will consume a lot of resources, causing the computer to freeze and shorten its service life.
6. 51% computing power attack_51% computing power attack is one of the most famous attack methods in the blockchain.
In a POW consensus blockchain network, computing power is power. When more than 50% of the computing power is controlled by one person, that person can cancel and block transactions at will, thereby achieving double spending.
7. Time hijacking attack_A node determines its time based on the median time of other nodes.
If an attacker places a malicious node list into the peer node list of the attacked node, he can control the time of this node, such as through an eclipse attack.
8. Fenney Attack_If the attacker canBy hiding a block that contains its own transaction, it is possible to double-spend.
When an exchange or other institution accepts a transaction with 0 confirmations, an attacker can make a transfer to it, spend the funds already spent in its hidden block, and transfer the hidden block to the block before the new transaction's block is broadcast. broadcast.
Because the hidden block time is earlier, subsequent spending will be rolled back, thus achieving double spending.
9. Racial attack_This type of attack is a branch of the "Finney attack". The attacker will conduct two transactions at the same time, spending the same amount of funds, one transfer to a merchant that supports 0 confirmation for withdrawal; one transfer to itself and give higher gas.
The node will prioritize transactions with higher gas, so the latter transaction will not be executed. Usually the attacker will connect to a node that is close to the attacked merchant to operate, so that the merchant will receive the transactions that are not executed first.

『四』Bitcoin virus invasion, is there any good way to prevent it?

What is the Bitcoin virus? A kind of blackmail virus that remotely encrypts the computer files of the infected person, thereby asking the user of the infected computer to encrypt the user's computer files, thereby extorting a ransom from the user. The user's files can only be opened after the ransom is paid. It uses a 4096-bit algorithm. This algorithm takes hundreds of thousands of years to be cracked by ordinary computers. The time required for super computers to crack may also be calculated in years. No institution or individual at home or abroad can crack the virus. Pay Ransom is the only way to recover your files. To put it simply, the virus is like an indestructible robber. People on the road are his targets, but the police cannot subdue him.

So how can we prevent it and avoid letting our computers be infected?

In the future, make a habit of regularly backing up important files and data on your computer to a mobile hard drive or USB flash drive, and save the disk offline after the backup is completed. Delete it as you like. After deleting it, I still have ~

We must develop a good habit of not clicking on unknown links, not downloading unknown files, and not opening unknown emails.

Install the latest security patches, which can be found on all major network platforms

Close ports 445, 135, 137, 138, and 139, and turn off network sharing. After win10 restarts, Microsoft will automatically handle this vulnerability. Win7 can open 360 Guard, Computer Manager, etc. to fix vulnerability patches; while users with exiled XP can only manually close port 455 by themselves.

How to close port 455?

Find Windows Firewall in the control panel, turn on the firewall, enter the advanced settings of the firewall, create a new rule in "Inbound Rules", select 445 for the local port number, and select Block Connection for the operation. The same method applies to other port numbers.

Finally, I wish everyone good luck~

『Wu' Who invented Bitcoin

The concept of Bitcoin (BitCoin) was first proposed by Satoshi Nakamoto in 2009. The open source software designed and released based on Satoshi Nakamoto's ideas and the P2P network built on it. Bitcoin is a P2P form of digital currency. Peer-to-peer transmission means a decentralized payment system.

Unlike most currencies, Bitcoin does not rely on the issuance of a specific monetary institution. It is generated through a large number of calculations based on a specific algorithm. The Bitcoin economy uses a distributed database composed of many nodes in the entire P2P network to confirm All transactions are recorded, and cryptographic design is used to ensure the security of all aspects of currency circulation. The decentralized nature of P2P and the algorithm itself ensure that currency value cannot be artificially manipulated by mass production of Bitcoins. Design based on cryptography allows Bitcoin to be transferred or paid only by real owners. This also ensures the anonymity of currency ownership and circulation transactions. The biggest difference between Bitcoin and other virtual currencies is that its total quantity is very limited and it is extremely scarce. The currency system had no more than 10.5 million coins in 4 years, after which the total number will be permanently limited to 21 million coins.

Bitcoin can be cashed out and converted into the currencies of most countries. Users can use Bitcoin to purchase some virtual items, such as clothes, hats, equipment, etc. in online games. As long as someone accepts it, Bitcoin can also be used to purchase items in real life. [1][2]

On February 26, 2014, West Virginia Democratic Senator Joe Manchin issued an open letter to multiple regulatory agencies of the US federal government, hoping that relevant agencies could We pay attention to the fact that Bitcoin encourages illegal activities and disrupts financial order, and requires that action be taken as soon as possible to completely ban this electronic currency. [3]

Starting from 12:00 noon on January 24, 2017, China's three major Bitcoin platforms officially began to charge transaction fees. [4]

Chinese name

Bitcoin

Foreign name

Bitcoin

Type

Electronic currency

Circulation platform

Network

Concept founder

Satoshi Nakamoto

Development Chengdu Tingyin

When the global financial crisis broke out in 2008, someone published a paper under the pseudonym "Satoshi Nakamoto" describing the Bitcoin model.

2 photos in total

Bitcoin

Compared with legal currency, Bitcoin does not have a centralized issuer, but is generated by the calculation of network nodes. Anyone can participate in the creation of Bitcoin, and it can be circulated around the world and can be used on any computer connected to the Internet.With brain trading, anyone can mine, buy, sell or receive Bitcoins no matter where they are, and outsiders cannot identify the user's identity information during the transaction. [2] In 2009, Bitcoin, which is not controlled by the central bank or any financial institution, was born. [2] Bitcoin is an “electronic currency” that consists of a series of complex codes generated by a computer. New Bitcoins are manufactured through a preset program. As the total amount of Bitcoins increases, the speed of new currency manufacturing slows down. , until reaching the total upper limit of 21 million in 2014, the total number of Bitcoins mined has exceeded 12 million. [2]

Whenever Bitcoin enters the mainstream media's field of vision, the mainstream media will always ask some mainstream economists to analyze Bitcoin. Early on, these analyzes always focused on whether Bitcoin was a scam. Today's analysis always focuses on whether Bitcoin can become the mainstream currency in the future. The focus of debate often focuses on the deflationary characteristics of Bitcoin. [5]

Many Bitcoin players are attracted by the fact that Bitcoin cannot be issued at will. In contrast to the attitudes of Bitcoin players, economists have polarized attitudes towards the fixed total supply of 21 million Bitcoins. [6]

Economists of the Keynesian school believe that the government should actively regulate the monetary aggregates and use the loosening and tightening of monetary policy to fuel or brake the economy in a timely manner. Therefore, they believe that Bitcoin’s fixed total currency sacrifices controllability, and what’s worse is that it will inevitably lead to deflation, thereby harming the overall economy. Austrian economists hold the opposite view. They believe that the less government intervention in currency, the better. Deflation caused by the fixed monetary aggregate is not a big deal, and is even a sign of social progress.

The Bitcoin network generates new Bitcoins through "mining." The so-called "mining" is essentially the use of computers to solve a complex mathematical problem to ensure the consistency of the distributed accounting system of the Bitcoin network. The Bitcoin network automatically adjusts the difficulty of math questions so that the entire network gets a qualified answer approximately every 10 minutes. The Bitcoin network will then generate a certain amount of Bitcoin as a bounty to reward those who get the answer.

When Bitcoin was born in 2009, each bounty was 50 Bitcoins. Ten minutes after its birth, the first batch of 50 Bitcoins was generated, and the total currency amount at this time was 50. Subsequently, Bitcoin increased at a rate of about 50 every 10 minutes. When the total amount reaches 10.5 million (50% of 21 million), the bounty is halved to 25. When the total amount reaches 15.75 million (new output is 5.25 million, which is 50% of 1050), the bounty is further halved to 12.5. [7]

First of all, according to its design principle, the total amount of Bitcoin will continue to grow until the day it reaches 21 million more than 100 years later. However, the total amount of Bitcoin currency will grow very slowly in the later period. In fact, 87.5% of all Bitcoins will be mined within the first 12 years. So from the goodsIn terms of the total amount of currency, Bitcoin will not reach a fixed amount. In essence, its total monetary amount will continue to expand, although the speed is getting slower and slower. So it seems that Bitcoin is an inflationary currency.

However, judging whether it is deflation or expansion does not depend on whether the total amount of money is decreasing or increasing, but on whether the overall price level is falling or rising. An increase in overall prices is inflation, and vice versa is deflation. In the long run, the issuance mechanism of Bitcoin determines that the growth rate of its total monetary volume will be much lower than the growth rate of social wealth.

Economists of the Keynesian school believe that continued decline in prices will make people tend to postpone consumption, because the same dollar can buy more things tomorrow. The reduction in willingness to consume has further led to shrinking demand and unsaleable goods, making prices even lower and entering a vicious cycle of "deflationary spiral". Similarly, deflationary currency can appreciate even if it is not deposited in the bank (purchasing power becomes stronger and stronger), people's willingness to invest will also increase, and social production will also fall into a downturn. [5] Therefore, Bitcoin is a currency with deflationary tendencies. In the Bitcoin economy, the prices of goods priced in Bitcoin will continue to fall. [1]

Bitcoin is an online virtual currency with a limited quantity, but it can be used for cash: it can be exchanged for the currencies of most countries. You can use Bitcoin to purchase some virtual items, such as clothes, hats, equipment, etc. in online games. As long as someone accepts it, you can also use Bitcoin to purchase items in real life. [1][1]

On September 9, 2014, the American e-commerce giant eBay announced that its payment processing subsidiary Braintree would begin accepting Bitcoin payments. The company has partnered with Bitcoin trading platform Coinbase to begin accepting this relatively new payment method.

Although the eBay marketplace and PayPal business do not yet accept Bitcoin payments, Braintree customers such as travel home rental community Airbnb and car rental service Uber will begin to accept the virtual currency. Braintree, whose main business is providing payment processing software to businesses, was acquired by eBay last year for about $800 million.

On the evening of January 22, 2017, Huobi, Bitcoin China and OKCoin successively issued announcements on their respective official websites, stating that in order to further curb speculation and prevent violent price fluctuations, each platform will The transaction service fee will be charged starting from 12:00 noon on January 24. The service fee is charged at a fixed rate of 0.2% of the transaction amount, and the rates for active transactions and passive transactions are the same. [4] On May 5, the latest data from OKCoin showed that the price of Bitcoin had just refreshed history again, reaching a high of 9222 points as of press time. [8]

Founding Character Listen to Voice

20On November 1, 2008, a person who called himself Satoshi Nakamoto posted a research report on a secret cryptography review group, describing his new idea of ​​electronic currency-Bitcoin was born. , the first Bitcoin transaction was completed. Bitcoin uses a publicly distributed ledger to get rid of the constraints of third-party institutions, which Satoshi Nakamoto calls a "regional chain." Users are willing to donate their CPU computing power and run a special software to be a "miner", which will form a network to jointly maintain the "regional chain". In the process, they will also generate new currencies. Transactions are also carried out on this network, and computers running this software can crack irreversible cryptographic problems, which contain multiple transaction data. The first "miner" to solve the problem will be rewarded with 50 Bitcoins, and the relevant transaction area will be added to the chain. As the number of "miners" increases, so does the difficulty of each puzzle, keeping the Bitcoin production rate per trading block at about 10 minutes.

Kyoto University Mathematics Professor Mochizuki Shinichi

In 2009, Satoshi Nakamoto designed a digital currency, Bitcoin. The booming Bitcoin market has gone up and down, and The identity of its founder "Satoshi Nakamoto" has always been a mystery. Rumors about the "Father of Bitcoin" involve everyone from the National Security Agency to financial experts, giving Bitcoin a mysterious halo.

According to foreign media reports, computer scientist Ted Nelson posted a video on the Internet on Sunday saying that he had determined that the founder of Bitcoin was Kyoto University mathematics professor Shinichi Mochizuki. The founder of Bitcoin has always used the pseudonym Satoshi Nakamoto, and there has been a lot of speculation about his true identity on the Internet. Nelson posted a video saying that he had determined that Mochizuki Shinichi was the true founder of Bitcoin. [9]

Mochizuki Shinichi became famous in 2013 for proving the ABC conjecture. He attended Phillips Exeter Academy in high school, one of the most prestigious high schools in the United States, graduating after just two years. Shinichi Mochizuki entered Princeton University in the United States at the age of 16, left the school with a Ph.D. at the age of 22, and became a full professor at the age of 33. It is extremely rare in academia to obtain the title of full professor at such a young age. The superstar of mathematics may have cracked one of the most important problems in the field.

Satoshi Nakamoto himself left very little personal information on the Internet, and has almost completely disappeared in recent years, so his life experience has become a mystery. On March 7, 2014, when the news broke that the founder of Bitcoin, Dorian P. Satoshi Nakamoto, was found, it quickly became the most fascinating news on the Internet.

Unlike outside speculation that it may be a fictitious name, "Satoshi Nakamoto" is a real name. He is a 64-year-old Japanese-American who likes to collect model trains and once worked for a large company. and the U.S. military, engaged inConfidential work. For the past 40 years, Satoshi Nakamoto has never used his real name in life. According to 1973 files from the U.S. District Court in Los Angeles, when he graduated from California State Polytechnic University at the age of 23, he changed his name to Dorian Prentice Satoshi Nakamoto. Since then, he no longer uses the name "Song" and uses Dorian S. Nakamoto as his signature. [9]

Principle of production Listen to the voice

Starting from the essence of Bitcoin, the essence of Bitcoin is actually a special solution generated by a bunch of complex algorithms. A special solution refers to a set of infinite (in fact, Bitcoin is finite) solutions that can be obtained by a system of equations. And every special solution can solve the equation and is unique. [10] Using RMB as an analogy, Bitcoin is the serial number of RMB. Once you know the serial number on a certain banknote, you own the banknote. The mining process is to continuously seek special solutions to this system of equations through a huge amount of calculations. This system of equations is designed to have only 21 million special solutions, so the upper limit of Bitcoin is 21 million. [10]

Crazy Rise

To mine Bitcoin, you can download a dedicated Bitcoin computing tool, then register on various cooperative websites, and fill in the registered username and password into the calculation In the program, click Calculation to officially start. [11] After completing the Bitcoin client installation, you can directly obtain a Bitcoin address. When others pay, you only need to post the address to others, and you can make payments through the same client. After the Bitcoin client is installed, it will be assigned a private key and a public key. You need to back up your wallet data containing your private key to ensure that your property is not lost. If unfortunately the hard drive is completely formatted, one's Bitcoins will be completely lost.

Currency characteristics Listen to voice

Decentralization: Bitcoin is the first distributed virtual currency. The entire network is composed of users and there is no central bank. Decentralization is the guarantee of Bitcoin’s security and freedom.

Circulation around the world: Bitcoin can be managed on any computer connected to the Internet. Anyone can mine, buy, sell or receive Bitcoin regardless of location.

Exclusive ownership: Manipulating Bitcoin requires a private key, which can be isolated and stored on any storage medium. No one can obtain it except the user himself.

Low transaction fees: It is free to remit Bitcoin, but there will ultimately be a transaction fee of approximately 1 bit cent per transaction to ensure faster transaction execution.

No hidden costs: As a means of payment from A to B, Bitcoin has no cumbersome limits and procedures. You can make the payment by knowing the other party's Bitcoin address.

Cross-platform mining: users canTo explore the computing power of different hardware on many platforms.

Advantages

Completely decentralized. Without an issuing agency, it is impossible to control the issuance quantity. Its issuance and circulation are realized through the open source p2p algorithm.

Anonymous, tax-free, and regulatory-free.

Robustness. Bitcoin completely relies on the p2p network and has no issuance center, so the outside world cannot shut it down. The price of Bitcoin may fluctuate and collapse, and many governments may declare it illegal, but Bitcoin and Bitcoin’s huge p2p network will not disappear.

Borderless, cross-border. Cross-border remittances will pass through layers of foreign exchange control agencies, and transaction records will be recorded by multiple parties. But if you use Bitcoin to trade, you can directly enter the digital address, click the mouse, and wait for the p2p network to confirm the transaction, and a large amount of money will be gone. It does not go through any control agency and will not leave any cross-border transaction records.

It is difficult for copycats to survive. Since the Bitcoin algorithm is completely open source, anyone can download the source code, modify some parameters, and recompile it to create a new p2p currency. However, these counterfeit currencies are fragile and extremely susceptible to 51% attacks. Any individual or organization, as long as it controls 51% of the computing power of a p2p currency network, can manipulate transactions and currency values ​​at will, which will cause a devastating blow to the p2p currency. Many altcoins fail at this point. The Bitcoin network is already robust enough. If you want to control 51% of the computing power of the Bitcoin network, the number of CPU/GPU required will be an astronomical number.

Disadvantages

Fragility of the trading platform. The Bitcoin network is robust, but Bitcoin trading platforms are fragile. The trading platform is usually a website, and the website can be hacked or shut down by the authorities.

Transaction confirmation takes a long time. When a Bitcoin wallet is first installed, it will take a lot of time to download historical transaction data blocks. When doing Bitcoin transactions, in order to confirm the accuracy of the data, it will take some time to interact with the p2p network. The transaction will not be completed until the entire network confirms it.

Prices are extremely volatile. Due to the involvement of a large number of speculators, the price of converting Bitcoin to cash has fluctuated like a roller coaster. Making Bitcoin more suitable for speculation rather than anonymous transactions.

The public does not understand the principles, and there is resistance from traditional financial practitioners. Active netizens understand the principles of p2p networks and know that Bitcoin cannot be manipulated and controlled by humans. But the public doesn’t understand, and many people can’t even tell the difference between Bitcoin and Q Coin. “No issuer” is the advantage of Bitcoin, but in the eyes of traditional financial practitioners, currency “without an issuer” is worthless. [12]

Currency Transaction Listen to Voice

Purchase Method

Users can buy Bitcoin, and they can also use computers to perform a large number of calculations according to algorithms.“Mining” Bitcoin. When a user "mines" Bitcoin, he or she needs to use a computer to search for a 64-bit number, and then compete with other gold diggers by repeatedly solving puzzles to provide the Bitcoin network with the required number. If the user's computer successfully creates A set of numbers, then you will get 25 Bitcoins.

Due to the decentralized programming of the Bitcoin system, only 25 Bitcoins can be obtained every 10 minutes, and by 2140, the upper limit of circulating Bitcoins will reach 21 million. In other words, the Bitcoin system is self-sufficient, coded to resist inflation and prevent others from destroying the code.

Transaction method

Bitcoin is electronic cash similar to email. Both parties to the transaction need a "Bitcoin wallet" similar to an email address and a "Bitcoin address" similar to an email address. Just like sending and receiving emails, the remitter pays Bitcoin directly to the other party according to the recipient's address through a computer or smartphone. The following table lists some websites where you can download Bitcoin wallets and addresses for free.

A Bitcoin address is a string of letters and numbers about 33 characters long, always starting with 1 or 3, such as "". Bitcoin software can automatically generate addresses. When generating addresses, there is no need to connect to the Internet to exchange information, and it can be done offline [2]. There are more than 2 Bitcoin addresses available. To put it figuratively, there are about 2 grains of sand in the world. If there is an earth in each grain of sand, then the total number of Bitcoin addresses far exceeds the number of all the sand on all these "earths".

Bitcoin addresses and private keys appear in pairs, and their relationship is like a bank card number and password. A Bitcoin address is like a bank card number used to record how many Bitcoins you have at that address. You can generate a Bitcoin address at will to store Bitcoins. When each Bitcoin address is generated, a corresponding private key for the address will be generated. This private key proves your ownership of the Bitcoins at that address. We can simply understand the Bitcoin address as a bank card number, and the private key of the address as the password of the corresponding bank card number. You can only use the money on your bank card number if you know your bank password. Therefore, please save your address and private key when using a Bitcoin wallet.

After Bitcoin transaction data is packaged into a "data block" or "block", the transaction is initially confirmed. When a block is linked to the previous block, the transaction will be further confirmed. After 6 consecutive block confirmations, the transaction is basically confirmed irreversibly. The Bitcoin peer-to-peer network stores all transaction history in the "blockchain". The blockchain continues to lengthen, and once new blocks are added to the blockchain, they cannot be removed. The blockchain is actually a group of decentralized user nodes and a distributed database composed of all participants. It is a historical record of all Bitcoin transactions.historical record. Satoshi Nakamoto predicted that when the amount of data increases, users hope that not all of this data will be stored in their own nodes. To achieve this goal, he introduced a hash function mechanism. In this way, the user terminal will be able to automatically eliminate those parts that it will never use, such as some very early Bitcoin transaction records.

Consumption methods

Many websites for technology players have begun to accept Bitcoin transactions. Including websites such as Mtgox, BTCChina, and some Taobao stores, they can even accept services such as Bitcoin exchange for US dollars and euros. There is no doubt that Bitcoin has become a real currency in circulation, rather than a virtual currency like Tencent Q Coin. There are already specialized third-party Bitcoin payment companies abroad, similar to domestic Alipay, that can provide API interface services.

You can use money to buy Bitcoins, or you can be a miner and "mine" them by using a computer to search for 64-bit numbers. By using computers to repeatedly decrypt, they compete with other gold diggers to provide the Bitcoin network with the numbers it needs. If the computer can successfully create a set of numbers, it will receive 25 Bitcoins. Bitcoin is decentralized and requires a fixed number of Bitcoins to be created per unit of computing time. 25 Bitcoins can be obtained every 10 minutes. By 2140, the upper limit of Bitcoins in circulation will reach 21 million. In other words, the Bitcoin system is self-sufficient, coded to resist inflation and prevent others from sabotaging it.

Payment Case

While being wildly pursued by investors, Bitcoin has been accepted by individual merchants in reality. A restaurant in Beijing has enabled Bitcoin payments. The restaurant in Chaoyang Joy City said it began accepting Bitcoin payments at the end of November 2013. At the end of the meal, consumers transfer a certain amount of Bitcoin to the store's account to complete the payment. The entire process is similar to a bank transfer. The restaurant once settled a meal of 650 yuan with 0.13 Bitcoins. [13]

In January 2014, Overstock began accepting Bitcoin, becoming the first large online retailer to accept Bitcoin. [14]

Bitcoin was created by Satoshi Nakamoto, (almost certainly) a pseudonym. To date, no one has been able to definitively associate Bitcoin with a real person. Or connect a group of people. Satoshi Nakamoto disappeared from the internet in 2011, leaving few clues as to who they might be. Over the years, many people have publicly claimed to be Satoshi, but none have backed up this claim with indisputable facts.

In an early Bitcoin forum, Satoshi said they started working on Bitcoin in 2007, two years before the first block was mined. January 3, 2009, the first block of the Bitcoin blockchain - genesiscentury blocks were mined. Satoshi Nakamoto, the miner of the Genesis block, received the first batch of 50 Bitcoins put into circulation. However, the reward for the first block is unpayable because the way Genesis blocks are expressed in the code is a little weird. BitMEX Research published an analysis of Bitcoin’s early mining and concluded that “someone” mined 700,000 Bitcoins. Although many believe it is Satoshi, there is still no official confirmation.

One can only imagine the fame Satoshi Nakamoto would gain if their identities were revealed, not to mention the vast wealth they would collect (although Sato doesn't seem to have spent any of the coins they were supposed to mine). Over time, many people have claimed to be Satoshi, while others have had this claim thrust upon them.

False Claims

One of the most famous examples of someone claiming to be a Satoshi is Craig Wright , Australian scholar. As early as 2015, Wright has repeatedly tried to present to the public indisputable proof that he is the inventor of Bitcoin, but to this day he has been unsuccessful. In fact, his "evidence" turned out to be fake.

Why Satoshi must remain anonymous

Satoshi Nakamoto, the creator of the world’s first decentralized currency, should arguably remain anonymous , because of the nature of their creation. After creating a protocol with no central point of failure, Satoshi may have realized that remaining anonymous might eliminate the last possible central point of failure that Bitcoin could have: the people who created it. Removing a single identity that might be associated with the emergence of Bitcoin removes any single face that might influence the politics, rules, or decisions of the Bitcoin community.

Whoever Satoshi is, they are undoubtedly the geniuses of our time. The Bitcoin protocol provides economic incentives in all the right places, providing a unique solution to the Byzantine Generals' Problem. Satoshi Nakamoto used concepts from cryptography, mathematics, game theory, and economics to create a beautifully designed—and the world’s first—digital scarce asset, Bitcoin.

The inventor of Bitcoin is a Japanese named Satoshi Nakamoto. On January 3, 2009, the world’s first batch of Bitcoins were born, and digital currency was officially born. Digital currency until The price rose rapidly at the end of 2013, from around US$10 in the early stage to more than US$900. In 2016, the popularity of Bitcoin really started, and the price soared, and it was called "digital gold". Why is Bitcoin so valuable?

1. Mining is difficult, and Bitcoin mining requires specific operations.Calculation, the cost of calculation time is very high, and the initial material investment is also very large.

2. Bitcoin has currency attributes and is trusted by the market. Bitcoin’s encryption algorithm is difficult to crack, ensuring its uniqueness.

3. The Bitcoin trading market is highly transparent, market prices are open and transparent, and circulation and transactions in virtual digital goods are convenient and fast.

4. With the recognition of some countries, some policies issued by the country towards Bitcoin and digital currencies will undoubtedly stimulate the rise of Bitcoin prices.

Things are more valuable when they are scarce. Bitcoin is relatively rare. Currently, it is very difficult to mine comparative coins. The impact of supply and demand, the shortage of supply in the market, etc., have undoubtedly played a big role in the rise in prices. . Friends who buy Bitcoin on trading platforms to earn the price difference need to be cautious.

Bitcoin is a P2P form of digital currency. Peer-to-peer transmission means a decentralized payment system. The concept of Bitcoin was proposed by the Japanese Satoshi Nakamoto in 2009. The price of Bitcoin has been unimaginably high since its inception. Why is Bitcoin so valuable?

Let’s briefly talk about it. .

By running a special program, the Bitcoin mining machine can obtain Bitcoins similar to task rewards after the operation. The current output of Bitcoin is very low, about 3,600 new coins are produced every day, and the quantity is limited; the price of Bitcoin mining is high. Since Bitcoin became popular, the price of professional mining machines has dropped from a low price of about 10,000 yuan to the current price. If it is more expensive than 300,000 yuan, it requires a lot of financial resources to invest in equipment in the early stage; the mining time is long, and Bitcoin mining is to go through specific complex calculations, which consumes a very long time; Bitcoin mining machines consume a lot of money, in addition to their own In addition to losses, it also consumes a lot of electricity. The daily power consumption of Bitcoin mining machines can reach 188 million kilowatt hours, which is equivalent to one percent of China's daily power generation. The number of Bitcoins is still increasing, and some institutions estimate that the electricity consumption of Bitcoin mining will exceed the electricity consumption of the United States in 2019.

The price of Bitcoin has always been related to the media. I would like to remind everyone that the price of Bitcoin rises quickly and falls quickly. The risk is high. Friends who want to buy Bitcoin to make money must be cautious. join in.

Bitcoin, which has been dormant for many days, has made a comeback with the help of the "ransomware" virus, and started a familiar rampage mode. This virtual currency, called "digital gold", has surged 3 million times in 8 years, and even Chinese aunts have entered the market. Some people think that this is a drum-passing game, some firmly believe that Bitcoin will become a scarce asset, and some even say that it will be a shining node in the long history. Most people do not ask for a deeper understanding, but are just amazed by another round of wealth explosion.

Who do you think created Bitcoin? There is no conclusion about the inventor of Bitcoin. The common theory is that the Japanese "Satoshi Nakamoto"i Nakamoto). On January 3, 2009, the world's first batch of Bitcoins were "mined". This digital currency designed by a person codenamed "Satoshi Nakamoto" was officially born. Since that moment, 15 people have successively Suspected to be "Satoshi Nakamoto". In 2014, the authoritative American media revealed that the Japanese-American physicist whose real name was "Satoshi Nakamoto" was the legendary "Father of Bitcoin", but the old professor firmly denied it. The picture shows Satoshi Nakamoto, who made a rare appearance, being besieged by the media, constantly blocking the camera and denying any connection with Bitcoin.

In May 2016, Australian engineer and entrepreneur Craig Wright publicly stated that he was the creator of Bitcoin, Satoshi Nakamoto. But just a few days later, White himself "surrendered" and issued a letter of apology, saying that he "could not provide key evidence" to prove himself. Although Satoshi Nakamoto was nominated as a candidate for the 2016 Nobel Prize in Economics, his true identity has not yet been completely unveiled. Picture: BBC (from: Tencent Pictures)

After getting involved with Bitcoin, Craig White was targeted by the police. The picture shows the Australian Federal Police and tax officials searching White's residence and office. The latter's Bitcoin-related business has tax issues. According to media reports, the mysterious figure "Satoshi Nakamoto" holds more than 1 million Bitcoins. Based on the current price of 15,000 yuan each, his worth exceeds 15 billion yuan. According to the original strict design, the total number of Bitcoins was limited to 21 million, and currently about 14 million have been mined. Picture: Reuters

Satoshi Nakamoto, his true identity is unknown

『Lu』 What is Bitcoin and how Bitcoin was created

First of all, we need to know, Bit City is not issued by the government or the People's Bank of China. It has only been around since 2009. It verifies repeated consumption through a P2P distributed network. Bitcoins can be minted by downloading the client. There is no forgery. Behavior, it is generated through a complex algorithm through a set of cryptographic codes. The number of Bitcoins will be halved every four years, so Bitcoins are very valuable.

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In fact, Bitcoin is also used in real life. For example, during the Lushan earthquake in Sichuan, China allowed the use of Bitcoin as a donation for the first time. In fact, It was then that Bitcoin began to become popular. People were curious about what Bitcoin was and began to understand it.

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How do we get Bitcoin? In fact, everyone knows that there are two methods:

One method is to buy it on the online market and buy it according to the conversion with RMB. Now it is almost the same. One Bitcoin needs to be exchanged for more than 5,000 RMB.

Another way is to obtain Bitcoin by downloading a client to calculate a specific number of mathematical problems.

In fact, the second method is not so easy to obtain, and it also requires a lot of cost to earn. A friend of mine earned 0.0016 Bitcoins after running it for several days, which is very difficult. , it may also have a certain relationship with the method and the computer.

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Nowadays, many people use Bitcoin to invest. In fact, to be honest, there are certain risks in using this thing to invest. The country has not yet recognized it. The legality of this thing is currently only traded on the Internet to a large extent, and some people use it for black market transactions. Bitcoin will definitely appreciate in the recent period, but it depends on how the government regulates the network in the next step, because Nowadays, network supervision is lagging behind. In reality, no one has solved many problems that arise on the Internet. Maybe the government is too weak and has not found a suitable method.

5/6

Imagine that there is currently no unified currency operating in the world, and it is all operated through exchange. If Bitcoin can take on this important task, it will be a good thing. Now Bitcoin can already do so in a virtual form. I can buy all the things in real life. Although the government still doesn’t admit it, it already exists in reality. But many people think that Bitcoin is a conspiracy, using the energy or financial resources of future generations to do things for the predecessors. In other words, now that we are so enthusiastic about Bitcoin, the money has already been made by the earliest people.

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The difference between Bitcoin and QQ Coin:

Bitcoin does not belong to any one country or company or group. It is widely It exists on the Internet and can be exchanged with the currency of any country. Now every country attaches great importance to it, although it has not become a legal currency.

QQ Coin belongs to Tencent. Now Tencent is vigorously promoting this QQ Coin. Other groups or companies rarely promote this thing because it will not bring any benefits to them.

However, in recent weeks, the currency value has been soaring. After reaching a peak of US$266 on April 10, the currency value plummeted, falling to US$105 during the session, a drop of as much as 61 %. What is Bitcoin? What is the value of Bitcoin? A lot of people are talking about this virtual currency. Opinions are divided into two groups: one group believes that Bitcoin seems to be a Ponzi scheme; the other group believes that Bitcoin is an innovation.

But there is a group of people who still don’t quite understand what Bitcoin is—and these people may be the vast majority.

Next, we borrow the technology blog website BusinAn article from ess Insider will give you an entry-level introduction: What is this crazy currency? How does it differ from real money?

(1) What is Bitcoin?

Bitcoin appeared in 2008. It is a decentralized, anonymous currency that can only be used in the digital world. It does not belong to any country or financial institution, and is not subject to geographical restrictions. It can be used in the world Redeem it anywhere on .

(2) The Origin of Bitcoin

In 2008, someone published a paper under the pseudonym "Satoshi Nakamoto", which described the development of Bitcoin. How to use it: 1 year later, the first Bitcoin transaction was completed.

(Huxiu Note: According to this article on Forbes Chinese website, this mysterious figure with a Japanese name has disappeared from the Internet. No one knows whether he is really Japanese or a huge Organization. "Wired" speculated from the wording of his writing that he may have been born in the United States, and may even be the code name of a mysterious team at Google or the National Security Agency.)

(3) Where did Bitcoin come from?

Users can buy Bitcoins, and at the same time, they can also use computers to perform a large number of operations according to algorithms to "mine" Bitcoins. When a user "mines" Bitcoin, he or she needs to use a computer to search for a 64-bit number, and then compete with other gold diggers by repeatedly solving puzzles to provide the Bitcoin network with the required number. If the user's computer successfully creates a If you set the number, you will get 25 Bitcoins.

Due to the decentralized programming of the Bitcoin system, currently only 25 Bitcoins can be obtained every 10 minutes. By 2140, the upper limit of circulating Bitcoins will reach 21 million. In other words, the Bitcoin system is self-sufficient, coded to resist inflation and prevent others from destroying the code.

(4) How much is Bitcoin worth?

When it first appeared, Bitcoin was almost worthless. On average, 1 US dollar could buy 1309.03 Bitcoins. But now 1 Bitcoin is worth US$135.3. Interested friends can log in Preev website for real-time Bitcoin quotes.

(5) Can Bitcoin be exchanged for cash?

The answer is yes. You only need to contact the Bitcoin trading institution to complete the exchange. Mt. Gox is currently the most popular Bitcoin trading platform, but now the platform only accepts new members through an application. In addition, there are several larger exchanges that can exchange and trade Bitcoin.

(6) Why does Bitcoin need to be anonymous? How to achieve anonymity?

The reason why Bitcoins are anonymous is because they are built on a decentralized system. Bitcoins exist completely independently and cannot be shut down by the outside world through some kind of core infrastructure.

"Anonymity" is very useful for those who don't want their name to be associated with the goods or services they purchase. All outsiders see is your Bitcoin wallet address. and a string of random words, numbers and other information, other than that there is no personally identifiable information. At the same time, for relatively paranoid users, multiple new wallets can be created for free.

(7) What can Bitcoin do?

It has been previously reported that criminals use anonymous Bitcoin to purchase illegal goods such as drugs and guns, but in fact many legitimate merchants now also accept Bitcoin transactions, such as the Howard Johnson hotel chain ) are happy to accept Bitcoin for payment, and BitElectronics is a consumer electronics store that only accepts Bitcoin.

(9) Is Bitcoin legal?

Bitcoin is not a real currency, it does not represent a certain value like banknotes and coins. At present, the U.S. government is not worried about the impact that Bitcoin may have on the financial market, because it can be managed and controlled simply by formulating corresponding bills. Compared with the "free dollar" that once appeared, the latter is a circulating currency that can replace physical objects that appeared between 1998 and 2009, and its creator Bernard von Notthaus von NotHaus was also convicted in 2011 of manufacturing, possessing and selling currency.

Currently, you can get information about Bitcoin through a variety of channels. The Bitcoin subreddit and Bitcoin Magazine are both sources of information about acquiring Bitcoin. Sourced from Huxiu.com

1. Relative concentration of capital

Global capital is concentrated in government agencies and individual financial institutions. The high concentration of funds also brings about a series of problems. The distribution is unbalanced. Unfair asset holdings and distribution, as well as a series of riots derived from them, etc., are constantly impacting this centralized system. In order to fight against this centralized government system, anarchist organizations are constantly looking for new ways to manage funds. This kind of confrontational behavior stemming from distrust of the central system ultimately promoted the activation of the trust machine.

2. The prototype of blockchain

It wasn’t until 2008 that a scholar named “Satoshi Nakamoto” published an article titled “Blockchain: A Peer-to-peer electronic cash system",The blockchain is named after this. In January of the following year, a string of program code appeared. The programming technology cannot be cracked so far. This code provided the prototype for the advent of the blockchain. "Satoshi Nakamoto" thus created the Bitcoin genesis block and generated the first 50 Bitcoin rewards. The advent of the blockchain also heralds the emergence of a trust mechanism, which no longer relies on a centralized system to complete the creation and ownership of blocks. The connotation of blockchain is not just Bitcoin or some kind of digital currency, it also includes a series of trust-based applications such as smart contracts.

3. Produce equality

Therefore, blockchain and Bitcoin can be said to be a group of Internet products that do not trust centralized institutions and the existing financial system, and use advanced technology to fight The current global monetary system. The birth of the blockchain advanced the traditional capital holding market and produced fair, just and equal holding rights. Therefore, it was favored by foreign anarchist organizers and was widely spread abroad.

4. Core idea

The core idea of ​​a single blockchain is that it is not trustworthy for a centralized system to guarantee the value of something. In the chain system, each node only needs to act according to its own interests to ensure system security.

On January 4, 2009, Beijing time, Satoshi Nakamoto, the author of the white paper, personally created the first block—the Bitcoin genesis block—on a small server in Helsinki, Finland. , and received the first reward of 50 Bitcoins, and the first Bitcoin was born.

About Bitcoin

On May 22, 2010, early Bitcoin enthusiast-American programmer Laszlo hoped to use Bitcoin to exchange physical goods. A Bitcoin forum post said: I hope to exchange 10,000 Bitcoins for 2 pizzas worth $25. A British volunteer made a deal with Laszlo and was paid 10,000 Bitcoins. This is the first time that Bitcoin has a price, which has caused a great sensation in the entire crypto community. To commemorate this transaction, people call May 22nd every year "Bitcoin Pizza Day". Bitcoin enthusiasts Get together and eat pizza to celebrate. Based on the current price of Bitcoin, two pieces of pizza at that time were worth about 300 million yuan. Brother Laszlo who bought the pizza cried and fainted in the toilet.

The world can generate 6 data blocks every hour, and 210,000 data blocks can be generated every 4 years; then the rewards for the data blocks are paid in a decreasing manner, and each data block is paid in the first 4 years. 50 Bitcoins per block, 25 Bitcoins per block for the second 4 years, 12.5 Bitcoins per block for the third 4 years, and so on...final total number of Bitcoins That is - 210,000 X (50+25+12.5+6.25+3.125+...) = 21 million. The numbers in brackets add up to approximately one hundred. By 2040, the total number of Bitcoins will beThe number reached 21 million.

1. The Bitcoin virus once again brought it into the spotlight
On May 12, a global Bitcoin virus crazily attacked public and commercial systems!

More than 40 hospitals across the UK were attacked by widespread cyber hackers, plunging the National Health Service (NHS) into chaos.

Many university campus networks in China have also collectively collapsed.

Nearly 74 countries around the world have been severely attacked, such as the United Kingdom, Spain, Italy, Portugal, Russia and Ukraine.

After being infected, ransomware usually performs some form of encryption on all documents, emails, databases, source code, pictures, compressed files and other files on the user's system, making them inaccessible. Use it, or modify the system configuration file to interfere with the user's normal use of the system and reduce the system's availability;

When the user is anxious to open the document, the ransomware will pop up a window, dialog box or generate a In the form of text files, etc., a ransom notice is sent to the user, requiring the user to remit money to a designated account (pay a Bitcoin ransom) to obtain the password to decrypt the file, or to obtain a method to restore the normal operation of the system.

2. Talk about the origin of Bitcoin
The concept of Bitcoin (BitCoin) was first proposed by Satoshi Nakamoto in his 2008 paper "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Coin" Cash System (Chinese version)" was proposed. In 2009, the open source software designed and released based on Satoshi Nakamoto's ideas and the P2P network built on it.

It is a digital currency with a constant total amount of 21 million. It has the same characteristics as the Internet, such as decentralization, globalization, and anonymity. Transferring Bitcoin to the other side of the world is as easy as sending an email, low-cost, and without any restrictions.

Bitcoin is therefore used in cross-border trade, payment, remittance and other fields.

Bitcoin is a P2P form of digital currency. Peer-to-peer transmission means a decentralized payment system.

Unlike most currencies, Bitcoin does not rely on the issuance of a specific monetary institution. It is generated through a large number of calculations based on a specific algorithm. The Bitcoin economy uses a distributed database composed of many nodes in the entire P2P network. Confirm and record all transactions, and use cryptographic design to ensure the security of all aspects of currency circulation.

The decentralized nature of P2P and the algorithm itself ensure that currency value cannot be artificially manipulated by mass production of Bitcoins.

Design based on cryptography allows Bitcoin to be transferred or paid only by the real owner. This also ensures that the goodsAnonymity of currency ownership and circulation transactions.

The biggest difference between Bitcoin and other virtual currencies is that its total quantity is very limited and it is extremely scarce.

The currency system had no more than 10.5 million in 4 years, and the total number will be permanently limited to 21 million thereafter.

Starting from the essence of Bitcoin, the essence of Bitcoin is actually a bunch of special solutions generated by complex algorithms. A special solution refers to a set of infinite (in fact, Bitcoin is finite) solutions that can be obtained by a system of equations. And every special solution can solve the equation and is unique. Using the analogy of RMB, Bitcoin is the serial number of RMB. Once you know the serial number on a certain banknote, you own the banknote. The mining process is to continuously seek special solutions to this system of equations through a huge amount of calculations. This system of equations is designed to have only 21 million special solutions, so the upper limit of Bitcoin is 21 million.

The reason why Bitcoin is so popular is that after it has the characteristics of currency, it can be received, traded and stored all over the world. It has formed its unique living environment.
2. Bitcoin is digital gold
Due to its broad prospects and huge room for imagination, the price of Bitcoin has continued to rise since its birth in 2009. The currency price reached US$1 in 2011 and reached a maximum of US$1,200 in 2013. , the price of gold exceeds 1 ounce, and is known as "digital gold" (the current currency price is about US$450).

Bitcoin can be cashed out and can be converted into the currencies of most countries.

Users can use Bitcoin to purchase some virtual items, such as clothes, hats, equipment, etc. in online games. As long as someone accepts it, Bitcoin can also be used to purchase items in real life.

After its birth, Bitcoin, as an unprecedented new currency, has experienced countless market tests and technical attacks and has always stood firm.

Now Bitcoin has grown into a currency system with millions of users around the world, tens of thousands of merchants accepting payments, and a market value of up to tens of billions of dollars.

West Virginia Democratic Senator Joe Manchin issued an open letter to multiple regulatory agencies of the U.S. federal government on February 26, 2014, hoping that relevant agencies could encourage illegal use of Bitcoin. We pay attention to the current situation of activities and disrupting financial order, and require that action be taken as soon as possible to completely block this electronic currency.

3. Bitcoin trading platforms in my country
my country also has three major platforms for trading Bitcoin, which are Huobi.com, BiBank, and Bitcoin.

On January 11, 2017, the Shanghai Headquarters of the People’s Bank of China, the Shanghai Financial Affairs Office and otherCoinChina conducts on-site inspections, focusing on whether the company carries out credit, payment, exchange and other related businesses without permission or license; the implementation of the anti-money laundering system; potential financial security risks, etc. On January 12, 2017, the central bank's business management department also entered trading platforms such as "Huobi.com" and "Bixing" in Beijing.

Starting from 12:00 noon on January 24, 2017, China's three major Bitcoin platforms officially began to charge transaction fees.

At present, there are a large number of virtual coins controlled and issued by scammer companies on the Internet. They are claimed to be imitation and improvers of Bitcoin, but in fact they are pyramid schemes or Ponzi schemes (such as Jumbo Coin, OneCoin, Morgan coins, etc.), or although they are not pure scams, they are highly controlled by bookmakers (such as shark coins, chaff coins, etc.).

The biggest difference between these scammer coins and Bitcoin is that Bitcoin does not belong to any person or organization. It is an uncontrolled, decentralized currency. These scam coins have a clear issuer and are fully controlled by the issuer. Although scammer coins are also called "coins", they are completely different from Bitcoin.

Unlike Bitcoin, which has an open code, most scam coins do not have an open code, or simply do not even have a code. It is just a number on the website, and the issuer can change it as much as they want.

There are often people who work hard to promote scam coins, and usually use the means of attracting people online and offline to attract funds.

One of the simplest judgment methods is that if XX coin is issued by XX company, which is known as "strong", it has broad prospects, guarantees high investment/mining returns, and promises to increase and make money. If you have to spend money to buy it, it is 100% a scam coin.

Try to use simple sentences to explain, I hope you can understand.

In the past few years, maybe you have heard the word Bitcoin more than 1,000 times, but you still can’t understand, what exactly is Bitcoin?

In short, Bitcoin is an encrypted file that can be easily stored and transferred, it is a cryptocurrency and it is the first and largest cryptocurrency.

Today’s Bitcoin price is about 50,000 yuan each (up to 130,000 yuan). You must ask, why should you pay a high amount of real money for such a piece of code?

The story begins with a barter method. The first batch of Bitcoin transactions were realized through bargaining on the forum. For example, one of the transactions was like this: Use 10,000 Bitcoins to buy two piece of pizza.

At its core, Bitcoin is a new form of digital asset created through an unparalleled combination of cryptography and peer-to-peer networking. So how does it provide value to us?

If you want to send money abroad, whether throughFor bank wire transfer or online services, you have to pay certain bank service fees or transaction fees. In fact, funds are just transferred from one account to another, so why would you lose a certain amount of money?

But Bitcoin is different. It does not belong to any country or institution or individual, it is not regulated, anyone with an Internet connection can get it, and you can freely transfer it to anywhere in the world with just a few mouse clicks.

Maybe you will ask again, how to ensure its safety? Is this not a scam? This has to mention a professional term: blockchain, which is the basic technology that Bitcoin relies on. You can think of it as a ledger that records every transaction that occurs on the network. It is accessible to everyone online. When anyone initiates a new transaction (sending or receiving Bitcoin), the transaction will go through the Blockchain for verification. Blockchain solves the problem of trust between people to the greatest extent.

Bitcoin is similar to gold and can be considered digital gold. The supply of Bitcoin is limited (up to 21 million, 16.7 million have been mined so far), and mining will become increasingly difficult. It is precisely because of the limited supply that many consider it a store of value. Therefore, mining (adding new Bitcoins) and investing in Bitcoin have become very hot topics in the past year.

Due to the growing influence of Bitcoin, governments around the world have stepped in to regulate Bitcoin transactions so that it can become a more mature part of the financial system. In China, financial institutions and payment institutions have been explicitly ordered not to conduct Bitcoin-related businesses in order to avoid some illegal activities during Bitcoin transactions.

Bitcoin is different from currencies such as RMB, US dollars, and pounds. Bitcoin is an online virtual currency, and it is a decentralized virtual currency. Q coins are also virtual currencies, but they are centralized. , which means that it is regulated, unlike Bitcoin. Bitcoin is a decentralized virtual currency, which means that it is not supervised by the center. It is generated through a large number of calculations based on specific algorithms. To me personally, this is what America uses to harvest wool. Everyone should not touch it

In 2008, Satoshi Nakamoto published a white paper entitled "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System", announcing the birth of Bitcoin. First of all, please pay attention to the core titles of the white paper "Peer-to-Peer" and "Electronic Cash".

1. What is “peer-to-peer”

Peer-to-peer means that the Bitcoin system does not require a specific server. For example, when we log in to WeChat, we need to connect to Tencent’s WeChat server and log in to Taobao. , you need to connect to Alibaba’s Taobao servers, but what if these centralized servers are shut down? The answer is that we cannot log in to WeChat or Taobao. Bitcoin’s “peer-to-peer” network structure does not rely on a certainOr a specific group of servers. It can be understood this way. In the Bitcoin system, each participant is both a user and a "server". Therefore, an organization or person cannot control Bitcoin, nor can it tamper with Bitcoin transaction records. of. Therefore, Bitcoin is a "decentralized" digital currency.

2. Electronic cash

As the name suggests, Bitcoin has the ambition to replace traditional currency from the day it was born. It wants to become the real currency of the future and is designed according to Satoshi Nakamoto’s algorithm. , the total amount of Bitcoin is constant, a total of 21 million. Bitcoin issuance does not rely on any institution. It is calculated and generated based on a specific algorithm. The generation process is also called "mining". At the same time, the "production" of Bitcoin is halved every four years, so Bitcoin will not face the phenomenon of excessive currency issuance. One of the reasons for the current high housing prices is the over-issuance of currency. In 2008, China's total broad money M2 was only 47 trillion, but now it has reached 174 trillion in 2017. The total amount of money has increased nearly three times. This is also the actual average increase in national housing prices in the past 10 years. The main reason for more than times.

BitCoin is a digital currency. The concept of Bitcoin was first proposed by Satoshi Nakamoto in 2009.

Bitcoin does not rely on the issuance of a specific monetary institution. It is generated through a large number of calculations based on a specific algorithm. Bitcoin cannot artificially manipulate the value of the currency by mass-producing Bitcoins, and Bitcoins can only be transferred or paid by real owners. This also ensures the anonymity of currency ownership and circulation transactions. The total number of Bitcoins is very limited. The currency system once had no more than 10.5 million in 4 years, and the total number will be permanently limited to 21 million thereafter, so Bitcoin will not experience inflation.

On May 22, 2010, Laszlo Hanyecz, a programmer from Jacksonville, Florida, USA, purchased a pizza worth $25 with 10,000 BTC. This is the first real-world Bitcoin transaction.

Due to the anonymity of Bitcoin transactions, it is widely used in dark webs around the world and is used to purchase firearms, drugs, murder and other criminal activities.

The value of Bitcoin is mainly reflected in people’s recognition of it. If one day everyone in the world does not recognize Bitcoin, then Bitcoin will no longer have any value and will just become a bunch of coins. code.

The essence of Bitcoin is a bunch of special solutions generated by complex algorithms. Special solutions refer to the infinite number of equations that can be obtained. Bitcoin is a set of finite ones, and each special solution Both can solve equations and are unique.

RMB is an example. Bitcoin is the serial number of RMB. If you know the serial number on a certain banknote, you will own this banknote. If you want to own this banknote, you need to by hugeA lot of calculations are required to find the special solution of this system of equations.

Everyone knows that Bitcoin is not an invisible coin, but it is not a kind of data that everyone imagines can separate Bitcoin from the entire system. The essence of Bitcoin is a mutual verification An open accounting system whose job is to record transactions that occur in all accounts.

Every transaction of each account is recorded in the ledger, and everyone has a complete ledger. Everyone can independently count every fund flow in the history of Bitcoin, and of course Being able to calculate the balance of any account is my understanding of the nature of Bitcoin. I hope it will be helpful to you.

A virtual currency derived from

based on blockchain technology.

Because the quantity is limited, the currency generated every year is greatly reduced, so the value is very high.

Coupled with commercial methods such as speculation, the price of Bitcoin fluctuates!

Blockchain technology, simply put, is decentralization,

It is no longer centered on government agencies and other institutions, everyone can become the center,

Perhaps in the future, there will be a new way,

People conduct transactions, bypassing the government and other relevant departments,

Blockchain technology provides this An environment!

There are already many virtual currencies similar to Bitcoin,

.

For example, Ethereum, etc.

Generally speaking, it is a virtual currency developed by different companies using blockchain technology and based on a certain algorithm that cannot be changed. Money is produced continuously, but the quantity slowly decreases until it reaches infinitesimal.

Some domestic companies now. Games based on blockchain technology are also being launched.

Leitz dog. wait.

They are all a way to generate their own virtual currency.

By letting Leitz dogs do so-called work, etc.

To generate virtual currency and perform algorithmic calculations,

and the number will become less and less. Therefore, appreciation will occur.

It’s just that the value of domestic virtual currencies is not that high at present and needs to rise slowly.

Those who are interested can register and start playing.

Of course, the reason why blockchain technology will provide a secure environment is.

It's because it collects your information. And it's a fact that cannot be changed.

That’s why people will have absolute trust through the emergence of blockchain technology, thus providing you with an unprecedented environment!

『 Seven 』 Virus ransom, Bitcoin and our world (Part 1)

Hackers and ransom

Walt Disney, May 15, local time in the United States Company CEO Bob Iger revealed at ABC's New York employee meeting that an upcoming Disney movie (Pirates of the Caribbean 5) was stolen by hackers. The hackers demanded a hefty ransom from Disney, which they wanted to pay in Bitcoin.

『8』 The Story of Blockchain - 9 - RSA Algorithm

RSA

Diffie and Herman are perfect It completely solved the problem of key distribution. From then on, exchanging keys was very simple. Alice and Bob could exchange a key just by shouting into the loudspeaker at the end of the village. But the encryption method is still symmetric encryption.

Although the DH protocol is convenient for exchanging keys, it still has some unsatisfactory troubles. Alice still has to yell with Bob for a long time before they can generate the key. When Alice wants to exchange keys, if Bob is sleeping, Alice's love letter still cannot be sent.

In their paper, Diffie and Herman pointed out the direction for future encryption methods. Designing asymmetric encryption through one-way functions is the ultimate solution. The so-called asymmetric encryption means that one key is used to close the lock and another key is used to open the lock. The two keys are different. A locked key cannot open the lock. The key to unlock the lock cannot close the lock.

Three scientists from MIT, they are Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir and Leonard Adleman , they read the paper by Diffie and Herman, were deeply interested, and began to study it. The algorithm that Diffie and Herman failed to figure out was born from the hands of the three of them.

In 2002, these three masters won the Turing Award for the invention of RSA. But don’t think that RSA is all they have. These three are real masters, and each of them has a fruitful academic career. Let us look up and explore the heights of the masters.

Leviste also invented the RC2, RC4, RC 5, RC 6 algorithms, as well as the famous MD2, MD3, MD4, and MD5 algorithms. He also wrote a book called "Introduction to Algorithms",Programmers have spent countless brain cells on this book.

Shamir invented the Feige-Fiat-Shamir authentication protocol and also discovered differential cryptanalysis.

Aardman is even more legendary. He pioneered the DNA computing theory and used DNA computers to solve the "traveling salesman" problem. His student Cohen invented the computer virus, so he is considered the grandfather of computer viruses. He is also a master-level expert in AIDS immunology and has made outstanding contributions in every aspect such as mathematics, computer science, molecular biology, and AIDS research.

In 1976, all three were working at MIT's Computer Science Laboratory, and they formed a perfect team. Leviste and Summer are computer scientists who constantly come up with new ideas, and Aardman is an extremely skilled mathematician who can always find problems for Leviste and Summer.

A year later, in 1977, Leviste was lying on the sofa sobering up after a party. He tossed and turned, unable to fall asleep. Half asleep and half awake, before vomiting, a bolt of lightning suddenly struck his mind, and he found a way. Overnight, he wrote the paper. The next morning, he handed the paper to Aardman, and Aardman could no longer find any mistakes this time.

In terms of the name of the paper, these three people were really gentlemen and modest. Rivest named it Adleman-Rivest-Shamir, and the great Adleman asked that his name be removed, as it was Rivest's invention. The final result of the dispute was that Aardman's name was listed third, so the algorithm became RSA.

The RSA algorithm is based on a very simple fact of number theory: it is very easy to multiply two large prime numbers, but it is extremely difficult to factor the product, so the product can be made public and used as Encryption key.

For example, if you choose two prime numbers, one is 17159 and the other is 10247, the product of the two numbers is 175828273. The product 175828273 is the encryption public key, and (17159, 10247) is the decryption private key.

The public key 175828273 is available to everyone, but to crack the ciphertext, you need to decompose 175828273 into 17159 and 10247, which is very difficult.

When RSA was announced in 1977, mathematician and popular science writer Martin Gardner published a public key in Scientific American magazine:

114 381 625 757 888 867 669 235 779 976 146 612 010 218 296 721 242 362 562 842 935 706 935 245 733 897 830 597 123 563 958 705 058 989 075 147 599 290 026 8 79 543 541

Martin is offering a reward to readers for this public key. Crack. It took 17 long years, but on April 26, 1994, a group of 600 enthusiasts claimed to have found the private key. The private key is:

p: 3 490 529 510 847 650 949 147 849 619 903 898 133 417 764 638 493 387 843 990 820 577

q: 32 769 132 993 266 709 549 961 988 190 834 461 413 177 642 967 992 942 539 798 288 533

This 17-year cracking only targeted 129-bit public keys. Today RSA already uses 2048-bit public keys. Public key, which requires almost all the computing power of computers around the world and takes billions of years to crack.

The security of RSA relies on large number decomposition, but whether its cracking difficulty is equivalent to large number decomposition has not been theoretically proven, because it has never been proven that cracking RSA requires large number decomposition. Number decomposition.

RSA still has weaknesses. Since all large number calculations are performed, RSA's fastest state is many times slower than ordinary symmetric encryption, whether implemented in software or hardware. Speed ​​has always been a drawback of RSA. Generally only used for small amounts of data encryption.

RSA also has a weakness, which will be mentioned below.

In cryptography, American scholars are very busy and have achieved results one after another. But Britain, the old empire, was not without its achievements in cryptography. After all, it was the hometown of Turing, the country where Turing led cryptographers to defeat the German Ingmar encryption machine at Bletchery Park.

The British also invented RSA, but it was buried.

In the 1960s, the British military was also troubled by the problem of code distribution. In 1969, cryptographer James Ellis was working for the military when he was approached about the problem of key distribution. He came up with an idea to use one-way functions to implement asymmetric encryption, but he foundThis function is not available. Many talented people from GCHQ joined in to find the one-way function. But three years have passed, and these smart heads have not gained much. Everyone is a little frustrated. Does such a single function exist?

Often at this time, a newborn calf is needed to save the day. Cox is a brave calf. He is a young mathematician, very pure, the kind who is determined to devote himself to the Muse. Although he was young, he had a huge advantage. At that time, he knew nothing about the one-way function problem and had no idea that his teachers had achieved nothing in three years. So he rushed into the mine formation ignorantly.

Faced with such a dangerous mine array, Cox almost jumped over it. It only took half an hour to solve the problem. Then he went home from get off work. He didn't take it too seriously. It was just a job assigned by the leader. It was nothing more than serving tea, pouring water, sweeping the floor and solving math problems. Finish it early. You can also buy freshly baked bread on the way home. He had no idea he was making history. Cox was such a pure mathematician that he later felt a little embarrassed when he heard the praise from his colleagues. In his eyes, mathematics should be, as Hardy said, a useless knowledge, but he used mathematics to solve specific problems, which is shameful.

Unfortunately, Cox's invention was too early. The computing power of computers at that time was too weak and could not realize asymmetric encryption and decryption. Therefore, the military does not apply asymmetric encryption algorithms. James and Cox developed the theory of asymmetric encryption to perfection, but they could not tell it. The military required that all work must be kept secret, and they could not even apply for a patent.

Although the military has very strict confidentiality requirements on work results, it does not care much about the work results themselves. Later, the British Communications Headquarters discovered the American RSA algorithm and thought it was great. They simply forgot about the James-Cox RSA. While the communications headquarters was amazed, they dug through their knowledge base and discovered that their employee Cox had already invented an algorithm similar to RSA. Bureaucracy is really a good friend of mankind. It can always create all kinds of jokes for people, although its original intention is to create authoritarianism.

Cox didn't mind this. He even said: "Just bury it. I don't want to be an Internet celebrity. Why do I need fans? Can those fans eat it?" Original words That's not the case, but the meaning is basically the same.

Diffie made a special trip to the UK to meet James in 1982. The two cherished each other. It was really a time when heroes met. It's a pity that James still couldn't reveal their research on RSA. He only told Diffie: "You are doing better than us." Scientists from all over the world can compare who is better, but it is difficult for bureaucrats from all over the world. There was no distinction between them in terms of who was more arrogant.

The Story of Blockchain - 1

The Story of Blockchain - 2

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The Story of Blockchain - 6

The Story of Blockchain - 7

Blockchain The Story of the Chain - 8

『玖』 Is the blockchain safe?

When it comes to the essence of the blockchain, I believe that several keywords are already familiar. For example, decentralization, trustlessness, consensus mechanism, asymmetric encryption, distributed accounting, immutability, absolute transparency, openness, etc. At the same time, some teaching posts also list the structure of the blockchain, such as data layer, network layer, consensus layer, incentive layer, contract layer, and application layer.
However, anyone with a discerning eye can tell at a glance, why is there no security layer? In fact, several key features of blockchain have already solved security issues. First, blockchain uses asymmetric encryption technology. In fact, encryption and decryption are different keys, namely the public key and the private key. To put it simply, the public key is made public, while the private key is absolutely confidential.
Secondly, distributed accounting is the way blockchain stores data. It can also be understood as distributed storage, which is consistent with the concept of decentralization. From the perspective of the form of the ledger, it means that there is no central ledger in the network, and the ledger is stored in each node. Each node can work independently or act as a central node. Therefore, there will be no situation where the central node is attacked, resulting in the loss of core ledgers or data, and the entire network being paralyzed.
Furthermore, non-tamperability is a basic feature of the blockchain. As long as it is on the chain, it cannot be modified, and it cannot be deleted. If changes are needed, based on the principles of transparency and openness, the entire network and all nodes need to be notified. Therefore, under a democratic mechanism, the possibility of arbitrarily tampering with data is very low. Therefore, blockchain technology is applied in various industries, such as finance, payment, traceability, games, etc., such as the online "Universe", Tencent's "Let's Catch Monsters", and Zhongan Huanyu Blockchain's "DR Dragon Hunt" are examples of this area. Safe and high-quality products under blockchain technology.

『Shi』What are the characteristics of Monero and why its market value is so high

Monero is a completely open source project. Its development is completely sponsored and guided by the community. There is no ICO money is not controlled by large companies, and it is completely decentralized and fungible. It is the only true digital cryptocurrency used by people today. All its transactions are confidential and transactions are created equal. It meets three important attributes of electronic cash: decentralization, privacy, and digitization.

It can be said that Monero almost represents the highest level of anonymityUnique and untraceable, censorship-resistant. In contrast, Bitcoin, ZCASH and DASH all have some flaws in their anonymous features.

Bitcoin’s ledger is open and transparent, and all transactions of everyone can be analyzed and tracked, so users have no privacy at all. For commercial applications, no company will make its account books completely transparent so that everyone can see it, so that competitors can analyze all their situations. This is impossible. If it is commercially necessary As for the blockchain ledger, it can only be an anonymous ledger. Although there have been no incidents due to privacy issues yet, that is because Bitcoin is currently only used as a storage and asset transfer tool. If it is widely used as a digital currency in the future, problems caused by the lack of privacy will inevitably explode. The actions taken by the FBI this year against the dark web and currency mixing websites also tell us from the side that even if currency mixing technology is used, Bitcoin transactions can be analyzed and tracked.

Although ZCASH's zero-knowledge proof is technically 100% pure black and can achieve the highest level of anonymity, unfortunately the protocol itself has a fatal flaw - zero-knowledge proof requires the establishment of a trust mechanism, and trust The mechanism is controlled by the founders, and coupled with the high degree of anonymity of the protocol itself, the total amount of currency cannot be verified. Under such circumstances, if a few people who control the trust mechanism collude, or a hacker discovers a vulnerability in ZCASH, theoretically, an unlimited amount of ZCASH can be created, and the network cannot detect it. In addition, Zcash still uses a transparent network by default. If a user actively chooses to use an anonymous network, it is actually equivalent to informing others that "there is something wrong here, hurry up and check it out."

The anonymous implementation of DASH is actually the anonymous feature of Bitcoin plus currency mixing, and the currency is mixed on the master node. The user's anonymity status is transparent to the master node. Once the master node is hacked, DASH's anonymity will be cracked.

In the past, the only technical criticism of Monero was that it could not achieve the 100% anonymity feature of zero-knowledge proof. However, in September 2017, Monero began to use RingCT (ring encryption) anonymity technology can achieve a level of anonymity comparable to zero-knowledge proofs. On the one hand, RingCT anonymity technology does not require the trust mechanism required by zero-knowledge proof - this setting will destroy decentralization and have great security risks; on the other hand, it will not have the disadvantage of being unable to verify the total amount of currency circulating in the network. .

In September of this year, Macfee publicly pointed out on television that most darknet transactions have begun to be transferred to Monero because Monero is untraceable.

When digital currencies further challenge the status of legal tender, the government may perform a double kill on Bitcoin from a technical perspective: not packaging transactions and preventing transaction proliferation. Monero can use kovri to hide all traffic, including the IP addresses of transaction participants; use sub-address & one-address to completely cut off transaction analysis given the transaction address.

Why is Monero so awesome? I first got to know Monero around 2015. At that time, the price of Monero was extremely low. About 20 yuan.

By December 2017, the price of Monero had reached 3,500. Asked me if I made any money, sorry no.

Monero is a very interesting coin, why is it so popular? Because this coin has one feature, which is encryption. Like Bitcoin, Bitcoin became popular because of its use on the dark web. Monero will be better cryptographically than Bitcoin. The main reason why he is famous is the outbreak of the EternalBlue virus. Hackers used Monero to accept ransom money. Monero has become famous since then and has become one of the top 10 currencies in the world. I am particularly bullish on Monero, why? Because he fulfills his value as money. As one of the common currencies of the dark web. In the future I expect the price to be Bitcoin's 3 branch 1.

Coding is not easy, 10 minutes of hard work will get you a like.

Didn’t the Japanese government order domestic digital currency exchanges to remove a batch of anonymous currencies some time ago? Among them are Monero and Zcoin, which are the anti-flag of anonymous coins.

The current market value of Monero is very similar to that of Bitcoin.

The specific data cannot be counted, and I don’t have the ability to do so. But I can tell you that the most popular digital currency currently on the dark web and black market transactions is not Bitcoin, but Monero, followed by Bitcoin. The reason is its excellent anonymity. I had not paid attention to Monero before. The first time I heard about it was the rumor that Bitcoin would adopt Monero’s anonymous technology.

The current Internet cannot completely achieve the so-called anonymity. Among the existing technologies, Monero’s technology is top-notch. Bitcoin was first developed through darknet and black market smuggling transactions. At present, Monero and Zcoin are also comparedpopular.

The most likely challenger to Bitcoin

Restoring the anonymity of cash-first transactions has great potential in the future.