区块链应用国外做得好吗,区块链应用国外研究现状

近年来，区块链技术在国外发展迅猛，许多国家都开始投入大量资源进行研究，应用领域也越来越广泛。本文将从三个关键词，包括金融应用、供应链管理以及智能合约来拓展国外区块链应用的研究现状。

金融应用是区块链技术应用的一个重要领域。在国外，众多的金融机构正在利用区块链技术来改善自身的服务体验，提高运营效率。比如，据报道，英国拥有超过200家金融机构正在开发和使用区块链技术，以改善其金融服务的效率和可靠性。此外，许多国外的金融机构也在尝试利用区块链技术来改善风险管理、资产管理、支付系统等方面的服务。

供应链管理也是区块链技术应用的重要领域。在国外，许多企业正在利用区块链技术来改善供应链管理，以提高供应链的效率和可靠性。比如，英国的供应链管理公司Provenance正在利用区块链技术来追踪食品供应链中的每一个环节，从而提高供应链的可信度。此外，许多国外企业也在尝试利用区块链技术来改善供应链管理，比如改进物流管理、实现货币转移等。

智能合约是区块链技术的一个重要组成部分，在国外也受到了广泛的关注和应用。比如，英国的智能合约公司Proxeus正在利用智能合约技术来改善企业的运营效率，实现自动化的业务流程。此外，许多国外企业也在尝试利用智能合约技术来实现自动化的财务管理、支付系统等。

总之，国外的区块链应用正在迅速发展，在金融应用、供应链管理和智能合约等领域都取得了一定的成果。未来，区块链技术在国外的应用将会进一步拓展，为人们带来更多的便利。

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⑴ How to define blockchain and what are the application scenarios of blockchain?

Many people now think that blockchain is a universal technology that can do anything. Make blockchain technology a myth!
Regarding the definition of blockchain technology, American scholar Melanie Swann defined blockchain technology as an open, transparent and decentralized technology in her book "Blockchain: A New Economic Blueprint and Introduction" database.

Definition of Blockchain: Narrow VS Broad

As for the application scenarios of blockchain technology, it is natural to combine the differences between blockchain and other technologies. In terms of system characteristics.

Blockchain technology features include:

Blockchain is a global A database storage system that can be operated collaboratively in various places is different from traditional database operations where read and write permissions are in the hands of a company or a centralized authority (a characteristic of centralization). Blockchain believes that anyone with the ability to set up a server can participate. Nuggets from all over the world have deployed their own servers locally and connected to the blockchain network to become a node in this distributed database storage system; once joined, the node enjoys exactly the same rights as all other nodes and obligations (decentralized, distributed characteristics).

At the same time, people who provide services on the blockchain can perform read and write operations on any node in the system. In the end, all nodes around the world will complete the process again and again according to a certain mechanism. Synchronize in sequence to achieve complete consistency of data in all nodes in the blockchain network.

At the beginning of this year, the term blockchain began to enter everyone’s lives. From national leaders to aunts who dance square dances, everyone knows this term. This term is widely known by Bit Brought by coins.

As we all know, the first few dozen bitcoins could only be exchanged for one pizza. At its peak, it was more than 20,000 US dollars each, which has skyrocketed by more than a thousand times, which has also benefited a large number of wealthy people. Currently, there are blockchain The virtual currency generated by technology is gradually entering into everyone's life, and many people have joined the ranks of currency speculation. I often hear people say that if you buy the right currency a hundred times, a bicycle will become a sports car, and one coin will turn a young model. You can imagine how many of them are involved. Attractive.

Since 2008, various games applying blockchain technology have also become popular, such as development games (Network Letts Dog, 360 Block Cat), mining games (NetEase Planet, Virtual Earth, Gongxinbao), these are attracting everyone to join in the name of blockchain, and of course there are some that are really reliable, which requires everyone to identify them carefully.

The three words "blockchain" were completely ignited during the Spring Festival that just passed, and the limelight overshadowed everything. Some people said that this is the arrival of a new era, and the past has become ancient.Of course, some people say that everything is just hype and is ultimately a bubble.

In fact, blockchain technology is not a new concept. It has been applied to many industries, such as electronic signatures, as early as the past two years. Recently, the third-party electronic signature platform eShanbao revealed the latest progress of blockchain applications to NewSeed.

Currently, blockchain technology is mainly used in e-signing products for certificate deposit and certificate issuance. The application scenarios include copyright protection and online signing. , web page forensics, phone recording, email storage of evidence, etc.

Take the rights protection of online works as an example. Since online rights protection generally adopts the method of collecting evidence after the fact, real-time confirmation of rights is not carried out in the process of evidence generation, so the entire confirmation process is difficult. The copyright process is time-consuming, difficult and costly to obtain evidence, and extremely difficult to prove and trace the source. It cannot meet the characteristics of rapid dissemination and large quantity of online works.

eShanbao’s new intellectual property protection solution based on timestamp + blockchain starts from the user’s real-name authentication and solidifies the information generated during the real-time solidification process. Electronic data, and through the time source service synchronized with the National Time Service Center, online works are stamped with legally valid timestamps to prove that electronic files have not been tampered with in a certain period of time. Blockchain technology can establish point-to-point trust in the network, ensuring that all blockchain nodes can record complete copyright confirmation and transaction records, and can trace their origins, truly realizing anti-repudiation and anti-tampering, and realizing a kind of distribution. trust infrastructure.

Founder and CEO Jin Hongzhou believes that the application of decentralized blockchain technology has greatly improved the efficiency of data storage and certification, and The credibility of the identity of the parties reduces the cost of trust, but it cannot replace the original centralized public key encryption technology. The two should complement each other. Through the combination of the two, it can provide users with real-time and reliable Confirmation plan.

Next, e-Shanbao will also focus on building a smart contract platform based on blockchain technology. Jin Hongzhou said that data storage, Issuing certificates is only a relatively superficial application based on blockchain technology. It is the first step to implement blockchain technology, and the realization of real smart contracts is the second step. "Smart contracts cannot simply be understood as electronic contracts. They refer to a process, from the conclusion of the contract to the confirmation to the final execution." Jin Hongzhou explained.

Through the following limited cases, I hope everyone can understand the actual performance of blockchain technology, thereby stimulating interest in such solutions.

1. Administrative Services

The role and responsibilities of public administration over the centuriesWhat has not changed significantly – or rather, what has changed dramatically is the scale of the data and the specific ways in which public institutions deal with it. Although various digital technologies already exist to help collect and process data, issues such as anonymization, portability, and the immutability of large amounts of data remain unresolved.

Sasha Ivanov, founder, entrepreneur and CEO of Waves Platform and Vostok projects, said, "What the public administration currently lacks is a more convenient user experience (UX) for data use. To improve the user experience , we should introduce some kind of layer to it that acts as a trusted public environment that is transparent and can store data anonymously and immutably."

Governments are working on this by launching the U.S. Federal agency and enterprise-level initiatives such as the Federal Blockchain Initiative are gradually confronting the existence of such problems. The United States held its first federal government blockchain forum in July 2017, and the U.S. General Services Administration currently has more than 200 related use case repositories. Ivanov explained, “Distributed systems can really help us build such a reliable environment, improve our big data work, and even integrate all emerging technologies – including artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things. In fact, , whenever we face any kind of technology, it always embodies the sum of certain other technologies."

Now, the system supported by the blockchain can actually work - this This view has been unanimously recognized by all experts and has become the most important theoretical basis. In other words, what we need to do next is create more production-ready solutions.

2. Payment services

The government needs to process transactions, many of which involve the exchange of funds with citizens. Blockchain technology has huge potential application value in reducing the cost of fund transfers - including using new blockchain-based cryptocurrencies as intermediate transaction carriers, or using blockchain as a means of fund transfer, etc. Once a perfect solution is discovered, the business opportunities will be endless - especially for those who need to conduct frequent cross-border or Internet transactions.

The Jasper project was developed by the Bank of Canada to help it further think about how central banks and other financial institutions should implement payment operations between different banks based on distributed ledgers. The Bank of Canada has also developed its own digital currency variant, “CAD Coin,” to test the feasibility of using a national currency on top of the blockchain.

This project brings to an interesting conclusion that we should say no to proof-of-work public chain systems. In a paper titled "Project Jasper: Is a Distributed Bulk Payment System Feasible?" the author observes that "proof-of-work systems are not suitable for such large transaction processing systems because they assume that all transactions in the systemYidu requires openness and observability to a certain extent. ”

3. Digitization and Intellectual Property

The government is responsible for maintaining copyright records and databases. These records prove the ownership of intellectual property. A blockchain-based system allows various artists, Performers and writers can time-stamp their works and theoretically detect copyright infringements and even retain permanent records of rights. In fact, many governments have taken important exploratory steps in this direction.

Iran recently announced that it will deploy this technology. "Iran Financial Tribune" quoted Morteza Mousavian as saying that "the Digital Media Department of the Ministry of Culture has reached an agreement with a blockchain company to jointly design a usable A system for protecting online copyright. "He also added, "Relevant programs will soon be released to users in an easy-to-use manner. ”

This work is still in the early stages of exploration, but it provides corporate customers with the possibility of preserving records through replication technology. From a theoretical level, companies can use blockchain solutions for financial accounting, And discover the errors in real time.

4. Welfare distribution

The government has the responsibility to create a level playing field for citizens. Citizens who are chronically poor or economically disadvantaged certainly Government support and assistance is needed to ensure that they are able to maintain their lives and acquire the capabilities to continue to develop. However, welfare distribution is neither simple nor often straightforward. Problems such as corruption and imposters have been seriously undermining government programs. Various distribution channels.

In China, the National Council of Social Security Fund is conducting early research on how to use blockchain technology to improve the delivery of national benefits to citizens. At the same time, India is also taking action , Andhra Pradesh and Telangana are already using blockchain to support their civilian resource supply systems.

It is said that many companies, including Microsoft, are also considering using the same technology. These solutions, which will touch individual employees and functional roles, are expected to gradually appear in small businesses in the near future.

5. Tendering activities

In order to build public infrastructure or provide For related services, governments hope to achieve economies of scale and competitive gains through tendering as much as possible. However, the tendering process is often not fair or transparent. Public procurement has long been a major scene of rampant corruption around the world. Transparency International pointed out, “Many governments will award project contracts to one supplier in the absence of fair competition. This allows companies with greater political resources to unfairly outcompete competitors; or companies in the same industry negotiate bids in advance to ensure that each company gets a piece of the tender pie. This will significantly increase the cost of delivering services to the publicBen - We found that corruption issues can increase project costs by 50%. ”

So, how can blockchain technology solve the bidding problem? According to Ivanov, “Unlike decentralized centralized systems, independent ledgers powered by blockchain will be able to improve bidding or Transparency of any other financial processes that need to be tracked. The intervention of blockchain technology will help track the use of funds and ensure that they are paid out as expected and within the allowed time. ”

Currently, Japan’s Ministry of Interior and Communications has announced a blockchain-based bidding system, which means that in industries with serious collusion problems, small and medium-sized enterprises are expected to usher in a more transparent bidding method and Brighter development prospects.

Although quite a few of the cases mentioned previously are far from finalized, they do provide many possibilities for enterprises and governments. Of course, the key lies in implementation; and we All this should also be viewed with optimism, that is, although blockchain technology is often misunderstood by people, it is and will eventually find a direction in which it can exert its own energy!

In layman's terms, blockchain is like There are more than a dozen beacon towers on the Great Wall. If an enemy comes at one place, they will send out smoke. The other beacon towers will know about it and enter a defensive state together. In technical language, it is a distributed ledger, and each node will keep accounts separately. The failure of a single node will not affect the entire network.

How is this distributed network different from the distributed servers of Google Network? Google Network and others The distributed servers still belong to the Google network and are controlled by their central scheduling algorithm. The distributed nodes in the blockchain do not know each other and have no legal affiliation. If you want to go offline and shut down That's fine, but because of the currency rewards, there will always be people who will start up as new nodes to support this network.

After the popular and technical explanation, I hope You already understand. Then the first application scenario is finance. I put the money in Alipay. If Alipay doesn't recognize it one day, there is nothing you can do. But on the blockchain, it is useless if a node does not recognize it. Because other nodes still have my records. The second one is the contract. Nowadays, contracts are signed on paper, which is easy to forge, but it cannot be forged if it is placed on the blockchain.

There are more application scenarios. It is recommended to check the top 100 digital Huobi online to understand the corresponding projects behind them and become a blockchain expert.

Area Blockchain technology was first used in Bitcoin. Blockchain provides a reliable and credible means of organizing data for cross-subject business scenarios. JD.com is essentially a supply chain company, and blockchain technology will first be used in the supply chain in many scenarios.

Blockchain is a decentralized technology. At present, all InternetBlockchain can be applied to all products that can be covered.

The most popular application industry at present is the financial industry.

An application that has been implemented is product traceability. Alibaba and JD.com are already using blockchain technology to fully trace the origin of some of the products they sell. Consumers can trace the origin of the purchased products. There are also many blockchain applications in the digital advertising industry. Since digital advertising traffic fraud causes losses of tens of billions of dollars every year, there are already blockchain application projects based on digital advertising, such as DCAD, which is based on blockchain. The digital advertising application of blockchain technology mainly solves the problem of traffic fraud

In the future, as the application of blockchain technology becomes more mature, it will be applied in many industries, creating a new ecosystem based on technological trust. Mode

The characteristics of blockchain are distributed accounting and decentralization, but the ultimate goal is to make people get along more equally. Technology is meaningful only when it serves human values, and technology that meets human value needs will develop. Therefore, blockchain is in line with human pursuit of freedom and equality, so its trend to become mainstream is unstoppable.

Currently, there are many blockchain gimmicks, which are basically used to issue coins. The newly launched ono is a decentralized, free and global social platform. Due to decentralization, your chat communication information is peer-to-peer and cannot be viewed by others. In other words, your every word and deed will no longer be recorded and reviewed at any time like it is now on WeChat, QQ, and Facebook, freeing you from the trouble of surveillance.

In fact, blockchain technology can be used in any field. Information that previously required third-party confirmation can be completed online and confirmed at multiple nodes, making it difficult (almost impossible) to delete.

At present, blockchain is still in its infancy, and the technology is not mature enough, but it is also a better time to enter.

What is blockchain

If we use non-technical terms to explain blockchain, blockchain is a place where data is stored. However, the data stored in the blockchain is safe and reliable and does not need to be managed by anyone, so In the Internet, a place where data and information are exploding, having such a place would be like a magical treasure.

What can the blockchain do?

If you ask what the blockchain can do, it is better to say what applications require the use of the blockchain. As mentioned earlier, blockchain is a safe place, so wherever data needs to be protected securely on the Internet, blockchain technology needs to be used. For example:

Because the use of blockchain technology can better protect the data of policyholders, in today’s Internet, data is value and wealth, so value protection and value transmission are the future development directions of the Internet. And blockchain technology can really do just that.

If there are any deficiencies, you are welcome to comment and correct me.

In a narrow sense, blockchain is a chain data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is cryptographically guaranteed to be non-tamperable and non-forgeable. Ledger.

The two parties involved in the transaction do not need to know who the other party is, nor do they need a third party for trust endorsement. They only need to trust a common algorithm to establish mutual trust and conduct direct transactions.

Its characteristics are trustlessness and decentralization. The destruction of each node's ledger has no impact on the entire blockchain. The blockchain runs point-to-point payments without a center that may cheat, and the security is greatly improved. Improved, the entire transaction network has changed from a star structure to a point-to-point P2P structure.

In the future, blockchain will be used in many fields and will have a great impact on human life. . It can be widely used in fields ranging from digital currency to securities and financial contracts, medical care, games, artificial intelligence, smart contracts, Internet of Things, e-commerce, file storage and other fields.

1. Cloud storage

This is the statistics of current cloud storage on the Internet. In terms of volume, Google has the largest volume, which is 8,000PB. So what if we share the idle data on the Internet?

Starlight Cloud builds a blockchain data computing and storage lake through Starlight Chain, with a total storage capacity of 15,000P (approximately 15,728.64 billion G) in the future. This will be more than 10 times that of Alibaba Cloud's 1500PB! It is also more than four times the size of the Taizhou Storage Center, the largest storage lake in the world after expansion.

2. Medical aspects

Using blockchain technology to save personal medical records also retains personal medical historical data, which can be used when seeing a doctor or planning for your own health in the future. Historical data can be called directly. These data are highly private, and the use of blockchain technology also helps protect patient privacy.

⑵ India uses blockchain to build smart cities

Recently, India has launched a smart city project. As one of Prime Minister Modi’s primary plans, it will It has brought huge development potential to its technology market, and blockchain is one of them. Although its large-scale projects have not been achieved since its release on June 25, 2015, and only 1.8% of the funds have been used so far, its city-building ideas of blockchain as the underlying technology are still full of potential. EtherFlyer will take you to discover The veil of blockchain smart city.

In order to create more livable cities, the smart city plan will be carried out in 100 cities. The aim is to implement innovative digital technologies in these cities and integrate them with the vision of "Digital India" to achieve digital empowerment of citizens. The project will integrate “digital” into all aspects of urban life: from infrastructurefacilities, healthcare, education, cleaning, sanitation, waste management and other services.

On May 17, India’s Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation released an update on the smart city plan, saying that so far more than a thousand projects have been completed or are being implemented and tendered. EtherFlyer learned that the underlying technology of these projects is blockchain, whose role is to ensure the operation of smart cities. The emergence of blockchain will change the foundation of cities and even the "brains" of smart cities. This mechanism will integrate key factors such as adaptability, accountability, transparency, accuracy and operational efficiency into the entire city.

EtherFlyer Let’s give a brief introduction first. Blockchain is a distributed ledger technology that can store information in multiple systems, enable peer-to-peer (P2P) exchange, and use verification processes to create trusted and secure Distributed storage is democratic and based on consensus. Safe and trustworthy here means: the blockchain network does not require any intermediate entity for any type of verification.

Most importantly, blockchains (public) use Proof of Work (PoW, Proof of Work) or Proof of Stake (PoS, Proof of Stake) to reach consensus once the information is recorded in a block And being on the blockchain (blockchain), the data cannot be deleted or manipulated. This brings transparency to the data, eliminating any form of tampering and manipulation.

From voting, security, land registration, logistics, healthcare, power distribution, banking, certificates, birth, death, education, housing and almost any field that requires registration governance, blockchain completely solves it Trust issues. Although the Indian government has yet to exploit the full potential of blockchain in smart cities, it has established a series of blockchain-based Proofs of Concept (PoC) in the above areas. Especially on the eve of the emergence of new technologies, EtherFlyer believes that this proof of concept is very important. For the large-scale application of blockchain technology, this plan in India is very instructive and worthy of attention. Therefore, EtherFlyer has outlined the framework of this project, hoping that everyone can have a more concrete understanding of blockchain "smart cities" and bring more inspiration.

A study by Australia’s Griffith University, “Using Blockchain Technology to Securing Smart Cities,” demonstrates a security framework and proposes how to integrate blockchain with smart devices to provide smart cities with Provide a secure communication platform. The main advantage of using a blockchain security framework is that this mechanism can protect against many threats. Additionally, it offers many unique features such as improved reliability, better fault tolerance, faster and more efficient operations, and scalability.

EtherFlyer believes that devices combined with blockchain technology will be integrated into a common platform in smart cities, and all devices can run safely in a distributed environment. "A system-level model should be designed in the future to investigate the interoperability and scalability of different platforms used in smart cities," the paper also states.

Under the current system in India, half of the data is hard drive copy, and half is system integration across departments and organizations. Data can be easily modified, controlled or deleted at any intermediate link, and users must rely on On "trust" in data operators, control systems and processors. For example, there have been numerous complaints about massive identity data leaks, but not once has the Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) acknowledged the issue. The issue now is not just about data security, but about “trust” of the people in the organization.

To solve this problem, India took inspiration from Estonian management. Estonia has completed the construction of electronic data on residents, while India’s smart city citizen identity data will use a public blockchain model, which will eliminate the “trust” issue in organizations once and for all. In Estonia, even after acquiring a data node, citizens can learn who viewed their personal information, see a list of organizations that accessed the data, what data was accessed at the time, and what the data was used for.

Blockchain can enable similar systems to ensure transparency and security in India’s voting system. Complaints about manipulation of electronic voting machines (EVMs), records and data have increased with every election. Blockchain will be a reliable way to eliminate the "trust crisis" of machines. Blockchain cannot be manipulated at will like machines. The Indian smart city project will be applied to the world's largest voting system. This will be an example of large-scale application of blockchain, which can not only reduce the cost of elections, but also greatly improve the transparency and efficiency of the system.

In addition to banking, government and private medical institutions will promote electronic health records (EHR). Blockchain can change the current way of recording medical data such as drugs, blood, organs, medical licenses and physician records. . EtherFlyer learned that about 70% of health plan and health system IT directors believe that blockchain will be of great help to the operability of medical insurance.

Similar to other records, educational certificates or records, birth/death certificates, land records, energy supplies, and communications, all other data can be put on the blockchain. EtherFlyer would like to explain here that the chain is not to run these huge data on the blockchain, but to use the blockchain as the underlying logic to ensure that the data cannot be tampered with and the records are transparent.

Blockchain can also be used for warehousing, refrigeration, transportation and other related agricultural data to increase transparency and reduce complexity and cost. Once data related to any topic is added on a public blockchain, it can replace existing "trustless" systems and can be accessed by anyone at any timeGet the data, depending on the permissions granted. For vertical applications in agriculture, EtherFlyer has a detailed introduction in "Application of Blockchain in Agricultural Supply Chain".

NITI Aayog has been working on the concept of IndiaChain (a local blockchain project), which is described as a "shared, India-specific blockchain infrastructure", but since last year No further update was provided and the smart city mission was not implemented as planned. Lack of execution (India is known for its administrative inefficiency) and obstruction by interest groups have both led to the slow advancement of blockchain smart cities. However, EtherFlyer believes that the framework of this project is still very far-sighted, showing the huge potential of blockchain applications and making smart cities truly "smart". What EtherFlyer understands as "smart" is not technological advancement or material abundance, but fairness, openness, transparency, and non-tamperability in the underlying logic, which is consistent with EtherFlyer's decentralized trading philosophy. Individuals form real social groups rather than power centers through the blockchain. This is the "smart city" of the future.

⑶ What are the applications of blockchain travel services

1. Consumption points management
Loyyal in New York, USA is developing “Du Points” (Du Points) for Norway and Dubai. Project, which uses blockchain as the underlying technology, uses a gamified tour method to help tourists discover new attractions, thereby guiding tourists to visit routes. Du Points will encourage tourists to choose attractions according to their own preferences through points tours, and dynamically collect points for redemption based on their ratings.
2. Reservation management
(1) Inventory management: Winding Tree is a B2B travel inventory trading platform that applies blockchain, including air tickets, hotel rooms, car rentals, destination tours and activities and other products.
Winding Tree is the only open source public blockchain in the tourism industry so far. It is built on the public Ethereum and has its own currency. It is a mature encrypted economic project. It aims to remove rent-seeking middlemen from the distribution system by creating a platform that allows suppliers to regain control of their inventory and display it at almost no cost.
(2) Air ticket booking: Russian Siberian Airlines (S7) and Alfa-Bank have cooperated to sell air tickets on the blockchain. One of the main advantages of using this technology is to speed up the payment process.
In December 2016, S7 and Alfa Bank performed the first letter of credit payment service using Ethereum smart contracts. Aeroflot, one of Russia's largest airlines, has also publicly stated that it is proposing to introduce digital assets and related technologies into the company's operating procedures.
(3) Travel agency: British Social PlatformTaiwan’s Cool Cousin launched an open source cryptographic token called CUZ based on the Ethereum platform for exchanging travel services and unique local information.
CUZ is a decentralized ecosystem that uses smart contracts to ensure the direct and secure exchange of knowledge and services between travelers and locals around the world. Cool Cousin's mission is to revolutionize the travel business in every city on the planet by connecting travelers with like-minded local Cousins ​​for the unmediated exchange of personalized information and personalized services.
As a decentralized travel service booking platform, domestic Tripio directly links global travel service providers (enterprises or individuals) and consumers through the blockchain network, using travel accommodation booking as the entry point to build a platform based on A future travel service ecosystem of trust, motivation and zero commission.
3. Loyalty programs for hotels and airlines
Singapore Airlines (SIA) announced in 2018 that it would launch a blockchain-based customer loyalty KrisFlyer program for flyers. SIA will launch a mobile digital wallet application within six months of this year, where users can purchase SIA tickets.
In addition, blockchain-based applications will allow KrisFlyer members to use miles to participate in retailer point-of-sale transactions, develop retail partnerships, and also provide users with more ways to spend points, thereby increasing customer incentives. and loyalty.
4. Track pilots’ professional certificates and qualifications
France’s Airbus, a participant in the Hyperledger Blockchain Alliance, is also exploring the possibility of blockchain applications. The test project is to use blockchain to track pilots professional certificates and qualifications, etc.
5. Credit consumption management
Airbnb is studying how to use blockchain technology to verify the credibility and identity information of landlords and users. On the Airbnb platform, credibility is extremely important. In the future, users can only rent if their credibility reaches a certain level. A specific type of house. Airbnb uses blockchain technology to better establish a reputation platform for merchants and travelers, and to effectively store identity information.
Joanne Zen, the founder of Backpack Chain in New Zealand, is leading the team to create the BTA (Backpack Blockchain Tourism Alliance) system, using underlying blockchain technology combined with Internet applications to create a new travel data trading platform, gradually replacing the traditional OTA system . The Backpack Chain system uses the concept of open source sharing and uses blockchain technology to establish an efficient, transparent, and credible global database to create a borderless tourism credit consumption sharing ecological community.
6. Digital Identity Management
In Estonia, blockchain technology has been used to develop electronic identity projects. It is reported that the country allows non-Estonian residents to apply to become e-citizens, which will enable these residents to enjoy the benefits provided by the country.a range of services. Currently, Estonia uses this program to encourage talented people from all over the world to start businesses in the country.
7. Travel community reviews
Yuelu Chain is a decentralized travel community review platform based on the blockchain. It is committed to building TripAdvisor in the blockchain. It is also the first in the world to serve the real tourism economy. Blockchain. Peer-to-peer network technology based on blockchain and smart contracts allows every individual user or organization to participate in the process of building a shared ecology, thus forming a peer-to-peer "decentralized" ecosystem.
8. Travel
Travel travel chain uses advanced blockchain, big data and artificial intelligence technology to create an industry-leading travel sharing platform. Not only can a more fair and transparent travel system be established, but it can also provide new impetus for the shared travel ecology. In the travel chain ecosystem, various participants can share a new world of point-to-point decentralized travel.

⑷ What are the applications based on blockchain technology

Triporg: It is the world's leading blockchain tourism service platform. Triporg travel provides hotel, air tickets, and train ticket booking services. Based on blockchain technology, every Triporg travel user is also the owner of the platform.

⑸ How to apply blockchain technology in bank international settlement

At this stage, banks mainly provide three settlement methods: remittance, collection and letter of credit in international business. There are problems of credit and exchange rate risks, low efficiency, and high costs. In addition, banks mostly use their own credit to intervene in international settlements, which can easily form their own contingent liabilities and reduce the quality of their balance sheets. Banks should actively promote innovation in international settlement business based on blockchain technology, build a new system for international settlement business, and provide safe, stable, low-cost, and efficient international settlement business.

⑹ What is the development trend of global POC blockchain in 2020

The world has entered the blockchain 3.0 era

In 2008, a person signed by "Satoshi Nakamoto" An anonymous person published the paper "Bitcoin: Peer-to-Peer Network Electronic Cash System". The initial expectation was to launch a peer-to-peer electronic cash that could circulate freely. The issuance of Bitcoin represented the beginning of blockchain technology; later in 2013, Ethereum The launch directly pushed the blockchain into the 2.0 era; at the end of 2017, the popularity of stablecoins and the launch of MakerDAO pushed the blockchain into the 3.0 era. By June 2019, Facebook released the Libra white paper, which attracted attention and discussion from all walks of life around the world. , regulatory authorities in various countries have successively spoken out, showing the huge potential of blockchain technology in reshaping the global financial infrastructure.

——The above data comes from "China Blockchain" by Qianzhan Industry Research Institute Chain Industry Market Prospects and Investment Strategic Planning Analysis Report.

⑺ What are the seven major blockchain applications that will affect the future world?

Blockchain is the return of the value of the Internet.
In 1989, Berners-Lee developed the World Wide Web. The World Wide Web was founded on the principles of openness and fairness. But today, 28 years later, various forms of monopoly have begun to appear on the global Internet, and the principle of openness and transparency on the Internet has been trampled on without restraint.
In China, the Internet has officially entered the era of "the United States and the Soviet Union competing for hegemony", with Tencent and Alibaba almost forming a monopoly. Some platforms have experienced leaks of user privacy one after another. Recently, it has been reported that two well-known companies are competing for user data, etc. To change all this, a new technological force is urgently needed, and it is against this background that blockchain emerged.
Explained from a technical perspective, blockchain is a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithms.
The so-called consensus mechanism is a mathematical algorithm that establishes trust and obtains rights and interests between different nodes in the blockchain system. In a narrow sense, blockchain is a chained data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and cryptographically ensures a distributed ledger that cannot be tampered with or forged.
Broadly speaking, blockchain technology uses block chain data structures to verify stored data, uses distributed node consensus algorithms to generate and update data, and uses cryptography to ensure the security of data transmission and access. A new distributed infrastructure and computing paradigm that uses smart contracts composed of automated script code to program and manipulate data.
From this point of view, blockchain application projects that can affect the future world must have the following common characteristics:
1. The field has extremely high demand for data security
2. The field has extremely high requirements for data privacy
3. The computing process needs to be traceable and non-tamperable
4. It can reduce social costs
5. Open attitude, everyone can contribute and participate
6. Have its own independently issued token
7. This industry has been highly prosperous in the Internet landscape
Through sufficient industry data research and extensive sampling research, we list the following eight areas that can change the world. Blockchain application directions and outstanding representative projects.
1. Finance
The core value of blockchain application in the financial field: promoting anti-money laundering and customer identity review.
In the innovation and application exploration of blockchain, finance is the most important field. Blockchain technology has broad applications in many aspects such as digital currency, payment and settlement, smart contracts, financial transactions, and Internet of Things finance. prospect.
Take shopping on Taobao as an example. The payment process requires Alipay to achieve trustworthy guaranteed transactions. However, because Taobao and Alipay belong to the same company, this credit foundation is controlled by Alibaba itself. If the Alipay guarantee platform is replaced by a "trustworthy super"level system", making transactions intuitive and secure, and eliminating the need for third-party guarantees. The emergence of blockchain can make this idea a reality.
Bitcoin is currently the most widely used blockchain technology. The most successful application, because of its non-tamperable timestamp and network-wide publicity, it has been widely trusted by banks, securities, insurance and other financial industries. In recent years, it has skyrocketed, and even in many countries Bitcoin has become as legal currency.
2. Games
The core value of the blockchain application game field: returning game rights to game players.
Blockchain technology decentralization, smart contracts, and asset transactions and other technical features, which can well solve the current problem of game data and user data privacy leakage in the game industry, promote the preservation of the value of virtual digital currencies in games, and achieve fair value sharing between users and game development platforms.
In foreign countries, areas Blockchain technology has been widely used in game currency payment. For example, Fragoria, a game with eight million players, has launched GameCredits’ blockchain payment gateway, providing the first cryptocurrency payment solution for the game industry.
3. Social
The core value of blockchain application in the social field: Let users control their own data and prevent privacy leaks.
Think about why we always receive similar advertisements on other social platforms after browsing a certain shopping website Pop-up window, because big data platforms that have monopolized data privacy are selling shamefully.
The purpose of applying blockchain technology in the social field is to shift the control of social networks from centralized companies to individuals, realizing The change from centralization to decentralization puts the control of data firmly in the hands of the users themselves.
The Israeli light social APP software Synereo relies on the anonymized blockchain network and its embedded token mechanism , fully guaranteeing user privacy and security. At the same time, we use tag tokenization and personalized pricing to help people reshape the image of social networks, relationships between people, identity and cognition.
4. Copyright
Zone The core value of the blockchain application copyright field: reshaping the protection of intellectual property.
Blockchain technology records all transactions in blocks, and the records cannot be tampered with, so all transactions can be Tracking and querying ensure the transparency of transactions on the blockchain and prevent users on the network from illegally using content with intellectual property protection. For original creators, this is a more convenient, safer and cheaper copyright Protection method.
At present, blockchain technology is mostly used in the copyright protection of digital music. The online music platform PledgeMusic has announced a comprehensive blueprint for global decentralized accounting and fair trade music database, which can fully solve ownership, payment and Transparency issues.
5. Cloud Computing
The core value of blockchain application in the field of cloud computing: promoting the construction process of public trust infrastructure.
China Academy of Information and Communications Technology believes that blockchain and cloudThe combination is also an inevitable trend. There are two models for the combination of blockchain and cloud, one is blockchain on the cloud, and the other is blockchain in the cloud. The latter one, namely BaaS, Blockchain-as-a-Service, refers to the cloud service provider directly providing blockchain as a service to users.
In the future, cloud service companies will increasingly integrate blockchain technology into the cloud computing ecological environment. By providing BaaS functions, they can effectively reduce the deployment cost of enterprise application blockchain and lower the initial threshold for innovation and entrepreneurship. .
6. Sharing Economy
The core value of blockchain application in the field of cloud computing: building user trust for the platform.
Blockchain is a distributed and consistent storage system that realizes a transparent and true credit management system under the P2P business model. The core is decentralization and trustlessness to crack the trust pain points of the sharing economy. P2P online lending, second-hand car trading, accommodation sharing and other sharing economy segments have already begun to be tried.
By using smart contract technology, blockchain can automatically perform operations that meet certain conditions, and can also enable more goods to be "shared", significantly reducing the cost of contract establishment and execution.
Tencent is applying smart contracts to bicycle rental, house sharing and other fields. If this smart contract is applied to today's popular bicycle sharing field, it may bring new changes to the entire industry.
7. Digital Advertising
The core value of blockchain application in the field of digital advertising: achieving precise advertising and ensuring that user privacy is not violated.
The natural advantages of blockchain technology in terms of data non-tamperability, decentralization, and security indicate that it has natural advantages in grafting with digital advertising. Smart contracts can effectively improve the efficiency of advertising transactions while combating digital advertising fraud.
metacrypto metadata advertising chain is the world’s first mobile advertising platform based on blockchain technology. MetaCrypto adopts a decentralized business model and does not rely on any centralized intermediaries or the troubles of bidding rankings to achieve freedom. Submit an online advertising contract, and there is no need to worry about the delivery effect being tampered with by any link or being falsely delivered by the channel party.
Users set personalized metadata on their own private devices. Private and sensitive information will only be kept on their own devices. Only part of the metadata that can be made public for contract matching will be synchronized by the business blockchain. , while protecting the privacy of each user, the user can locally trigger the advertiser's ad playback contract and obtain certain additional rewards.

⑻ Blockchain financial application

Blockchain financial application is a key area where it plays a role in reality. The financial industry needs such high-end technology, and the traditional operating methods will be affected by Such technology has undergone profound changes. Blockchain financial applications have many distinctive features, and people are talking about them. It has attracted more and more attention because of its actual effects, and has generated more and more attention.greater impact.

Abstract: Developed countries and technology companies have taken the lead in the research and application of blockchain technology. Judging from the application of patent technology, there may be a gap of about one and a half years between my country and the United States in blockchain technology. Based on the above situation, how can China achieve "asymmetric" catch-up? The first thing is to see the situation clearly, seize opportunities and meet challenges. Secondly, after understanding the necessity of the underlying construction of blockchain for the existing business and future development of the financial industry, a consensus was reached among various financial companies to establish a "China's Financial Blockchain Alliance". The last step is to advance collaboratively and embrace change.

How to understand blockchain?

Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system. In 2009, after the paper was published, Bitcoin was born as a virtual currency in the digital world of the Internet. At present, the total market value of Bitcoin is about US$6.5 billion. Although the market value is constantly changing, it is still the largest virtual currency in the world.

Another important concept is blockchain. Blockchain is an underlying technology of Bitcoin, and Bitcoin is just an application of blockchain. As we all know, Bitcoin can realize point-to-point value transfer. In addition to the Bitcoin blockchain, there are many other blockchains, such as the Ethereum blockchain, etc. Therefore, we should distinguish between concepts such as Bitcoin, Bitcoin blockchain, blockchain, and blockchain technology.

Currently, people have several misunderstandings about blockchain. Blockchain can be described in English as "Decentralized Blockchain", where Decentralized is translated as "decentralized". However, I think the blockchain has realized the unintermediary dissemination of value, which is point-to-point value dissemination. This does not mean that after entering the blockchain era, there is no need for a center, but that it should move from a single centralization to a center and a center. parallel development. Then, the existing center is likely to become a branch center or a weak center. Currently, all banks have their own data centers. If a financial blockchain alliance is established in the future, they can become nodes in the blockchain alliance, so blockchain does not require a center.

Blockchain does not require credit

We often see some articles that believe that blockchain needs to “remove credit”. In fact, blockchain relies on consensus The algorithm builds trust and ensures the correctness of transactions through consensus among nodes. Build trust at low cost through mathematics and algorithms instead of "removing credit". However, digital asset transactions between people do not require two people to know each other or have a trust relationship with each other, nor does it require a third-party credit agency. It only requires everyone to trust the trusted network of the blockchain.

Why is it considered credible? Because it is a distributed database, it has a consensus-based mechanism: a set of encryption algorithms, making it immutable. On the one hand, the public key makes the informationTransparency and traceability; on the other hand, private keys can protect privacy.

Blockchain is not a mature technology, nor is it omnipotent. Blockchain technology is still in its early stages of development. At the beginning of this year, we sent a delegation to Barclays South Africa’s blockchain research laboratory to study. At the seminar, Barclays African blockchain experts believed that it will take at least five to ten years for blockchain technology to become a truly mature technology. At present, blockchain has the disadvantages of relatively slow computing speed and small storage space. Moreover, not all data processing requires the use of blockchain.

Research and application of blockchain in foreign countries

We found that established financial developed countries are already leading the way in the research of blockchain technology. The British government believes that it is very important for the government to participate in the legislation of digital currencies and blockchain networks, and the government encourages in-depth research on blockchain technology. The British government is actively evaluating the potential of blockchain technology and considering its use to reduce financial fraud and reduce costs. In addition, the UK government plans to develop application systems that can be used between government and public agencies.

In February this year, the European Commission placed cryptocurrency at the top of the list of rapid development target areas. This initiative promoted policy research on digital currencies by various agencies. Technology companies are also leading the way in research on blockchain technology.

IBM launched the "Open Ledger Project" to develop an enterprise-level blockchain software structure and promote the commercial use of blockchain technology through the Bluemix and API foundation of the IBM cloud computing platform. Architecture to support the docking of external data. IBM still has a lot of practice in blockchain technology. Recently, it and a company in South Korea conducted creative experiments using blockchain technology and the Internet of Things, and achieved some results.

Microsoft uses the Azure platform to provide users with "blockchain as a service", which can enable R3 and its bank members to speed up the experiment and learning process, and accelerate the development, testing and deployment of distributed ledgers.

Intel also released SawtoothLake, an efficient modular platform for building, deploying and running distributed ledgers; at the same time, Intel is also studying to create a trusted execution environment for hardware chips for blockchain applications, providing Greater security and privacy.

Meanwhile, Wall Street is also taking action. Although created relatively late, R3’s core function is to formulate industry standards for the development of blockchain technology in the banking industry, as well as explore practical uses and establish a blockchain alliance for banks.

From what we know, in addition to these two new companies on Wall Street catering to the digital financial era, large financial institutions are studying blockchain technology and building their own areas. Blockchain concept and technology team.

At present, blockchain technology has practicalApplication cases.

In Canada, the blockchain startup company "Blockchain Tech Ltd" has successfully been listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange GEM; the Estonian government will launch the government's blockchain medical insurance Record.

Domestic attention and research on blockchain technology

Blockchain is an optional technology. Previously, the People's Bank of China also held a digital currency seminar. In addition to the central bank, relevant departments such as Zhejiang Province and Beijing Municipality also expressed support for blockchain application research last year.

From an enterprise perspective, Bubi blockchain has been used in equity, supply chain, points and other fields, and is conducting trials and application tests with exchanges and banks. Bubi Blockchain focuses on the innovation of blockchain technology and products. It already possesses a number of core technologies and has developed its own blockchain service platform. And many blockchain innovative and entrepreneurial companies are constantly emerging.

In addition, a number of industry alliances are being established. In terms of financial institutions, the current cases of blockchain application by my country's large banks and financial institutions still need to be solved.
At the end of 2015, Bank of America had obtained 15 patents on blockchain. There may be a gap of about one and a half years between my country and the United States in blockchain technology.
Blockchain financial applications are entering a new stage in an all-round way. Various applications will become more and more in-depth, and related changes will attract more and more attention, and a huge new trend will form. .