区块链的共识机制英语怎么说,区块链的共识机制英语怎么表达

请查看相关英文文档

⑴ What model is blockchain?

Blockchain is a new application model of distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm and other computer technologies. . Blockchain (Blockchain) is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database. As the underlying technology of Bitcoin, it is a series of data blocks generated using cryptographic methods. , each data block contains a batch of Bitcoin network transaction information, which is used to verify the validity of its information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block.

The biggest problem if such technology is to be put into application is the "impossible triangle problem"

That is, it cannot achieve scalability (Scalability) and decentralization () at the same time. , Security (Security), you can only get two of the three.

Most of the public chain projects currently on the market are difficult to put into use on a large scale.

If there is a public chain project that can solve this problem, it will be a revolution in the blockchain.

Backed by the world’s first and largest encrypted digital currency payment platform and wallet solution with a user base of more than 3 million, Velas (Virtual Expanding Learning, virtual expansion autonomous learning system) is a Artificial intelligence (AI)-optimized neural networks enhance its consensus algorithm, self-learning and self-optimizing public chains, and are committed to improving the security, interoperability, and high scalability of the transfer process and smart contracts. Velas uses AI-enhanced DPoS consensus to achieve complete decentralization without reducing security and transaction speed.

Velas has recently launched the Velas desktop wallet and web wallet

Velas web wallet

Velas web wallet allows users to process transactions within their web browser Cryptocurrency, purchase Velas token VLX, and support easy viewing of detailed history of all wallet transactions. Login credentials have an additional layer of security with two-factor authentication feature.

In addition to the basic functions of creating and restoring wallets based on mnemonic strings, all data stored in the Velas web wallet is encrypted using the RSA-256-CBC algorithm to ensure that user data is not compromised by the system owner. or stolen or misappropriated by external attackers.

A prominent feature of the web version of the wallet is that it supports exchanging VLX tokens for other cryptocurrencies within the wallet, and the wallet will continuously refresh the current VLX exchange rates for all fiat currencies for users’ reference.

Velas Desktop Wallet

Velas Desktop Wallet is a highly secure wallet program suitable for Windows, macOS, and Linux operating systems. The desktop wallet also uses the same mnemonic features as the web walletand RSA-256-CBC encryption algorithm.

Unlike the web version, which is an online wallet, the Velas desktop wallet allows users to store their wallets directly on their computers, avoiding potential risks of online attacks, including phishing, IP fraud and XSS. It is worth mentioning that both the desktop and web wallets provide users with an automatic lock option for security issues. If they are not used for a long time, they will need to enter a password when logging in again before they can access again.

⑵ What is the consensus mechanism known as the "soul of the blockchain"?

We know that the blockchain is a decentralized distributed accounting technology. In the blockchain system, Without a centralized accounting institution like a bank, how to ensure the consistency of each transaction on all accounting nodes? The consensus mechanism solves this problem, so it can also be said that the consensus mechanism is the soul of the blockchain.

Currently, the more common consensus mechanisms include: PoW (Proof of Work), Proof of Stake and Delegated Proof of Stake:

01

PoW (Proof-of-Work)

Proof of Work Mechanism

The full name of POW is Proof of Work, which means “Proof of Work” or “Proof of Work”. How much monetary reward you get from mining depends on the effective work of your mining contribution. That is to say, the better the performance of the mining machine and the longer the mining time, the more monetary rewards you get.

BTC is the most successful cryptocurrency under the POW mechanism. Although the POW mechanism has successfully proven its long-term stability and relative fairness, under the existing framework, the use of POW's "mining" form will consume a large amount of energy. The energy it consumes is just to continuously perform SHA256 calculations to ensure a fair workload, and has no other meaning of existence. The current transaction efficiency that BTC can achieve is about 5TPS (5 transactions/second). Ethereum is currently subject to the upper limit of the total amount of GAS in a single block, and the transaction frequency that can be achieved is about 25TPS, which is the same as the average thousand times per second and peak performance. There is a huge difference between VISA and MASTERCARD, which can achieve processing efficiency of 10,000 times per second.

02

PoS (Proof-of-Stake)

Proof of Stake Mechanism

POS stands for Proof of Stake or Proof of Equity, the full name is Proof of Stake. The proof-of-stake model is a model that issues interest based on the amount and time of the currency held.

POS mechanism, compared to POW, POS mechanism saves energy and introduces the concept of "coin age" to participate in random operations. The POS mechanism allows more currency holders to participate in the accounting work without the need to purchase additional equipment (mining machines, graphics cards, etc.). The computing power of each unit token is positively related to the length of time it is held. That is, the more tokens a holder holds and the longer the time, the greater the probability that the holder can sign and produce the next block. Once it signs the next block, the "coin age" held by the currency holder will be cleared and a new cycle will be re-entered.

Under the POS mechanism, because the signers of blocks are randomly generated, some currency holders will hold tokens for a long time and in large amounts to obtain a greater probability of generating blocks, as many as possible to clear his "coin days". Therefore, the number of circulating tokens in the entire network will decrease, which is not conducive to the circulation of tokens on the chain, and prices will be more susceptible to fluctuations. Since there may be a small number of large investors holding most of the tokens in the entire network, the entire network may become more and more centralized as the running time increases. Compared with PoW, the cost of doing evil under the PoS mechanism is very low, so for forking or double-spending attacks, more mechanisms are needed to ensure consensus. Under stable conditions, approximately 12 transactions can be generated per second, but due to network delays and consensus issues, it takes about 60 seconds to fully broadcast the consensus block. In the long run, the speed of generating blocks (i.e. clearing the "coin age") is much lower than the speed of network propagation and broadcasting. Therefore, under the PoS mechanism, it is necessary to "limit the speed" of generating blocks to ensure the stability of the main network. run.

03

DPoS

Delegated Proof of Stake Mechanism

DPOS is delegated proof of stake.

The DPoS mechanism requires that before generating the next block, it must be verified that the previous block has been signed by a trusted node. Compared with PoS's "national mining", DPoS uses a system similar to the "Congress" to directly select trusted nodes, and these trusted nodes (i.e. witnesses) exercise power on behalf of other currency holders. Witnesses Nodes are required to be online for a long time, thus solving the problem that PoS block signers are not always availableLines may lead to a series of problems such as delays in block production. The DPoS mechanism can usually reach a transaction speed of 10,000 times per second, and can reach the level of 100,000 seconds when the network delay is low, which is very suitable for enterprise-level applications.

04 Other consensus mechanisms

There are other consensus mechanisms in the blockchain system, such as PBFT commonly used in alliance chains, POI used in New Economic Coin (NEM), etc. These consensus mechanisms are proposed to solve some shortcomings of existing consensus mechanisms. But there are not as many systems currently in use as POW, POS and DPOS.

The consensus mechanism is the core of the blockchain system, which determines the degree of decentralization, performance and security of a blockchain system. Therefore, in the development of public chains, the design of the consensus mechanism is the core and key.

⑶ Explanation of common terms in blockchain

1. Blockchain (BlockChain)

Blockchain is a series of verified blocks. Each block is connected to the previous block, all the way to the genesis block. Blockchain is the underlying technology of digital currencies such as Bitcoin. It is a decentralized distributed shared ledger. Blockchain, artificial intelligence, and big data are known as the three major directions of financial technology.

2. Bitcoin

Bitcoin is the first practical application of blockchain technology. It was originally a peer-to-peer electronic cash (Bitcoin: A Peer -to-Peer Electronic Cash System). Today, Bitcoin has been designed and developed into an open source system based on Satoshi Nakamoto's ideas, as well as a digital currency network built on it.

3. Satoshi Nakamoto

Satoshi Nakamoto is a pseudonym. He is the founder and early developer of Bitcoin. In 2008, Satoshi Nakamoto Published the Bitcoin white paper, Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System, in Cypherpunk, which established the basic framework of the Bitcoin system. In 2009, he built an open source project for the Bitcoin system and officially announced the birth of Bitcoin. But when Bitcoin gradually became popular, Satoshi Nakamoto quietly left and disappeared from the Internet.

4. Digital Currency (Token)

The initial application form of blockchain is digital currency.The emergence itself also serves digital currency. At present, the best field for blockchain application is the financial field. This is because blockchain technology is more suitable for serving financial scenarios. Digital currency is an alternative currency in electronic form, which is a virtual currency in the virtual world. There are currently thousands of digital currencies issued around the world, and they can be traded with real-world currencies through exchanges, or with other digital currencies.

5. Mining

Bitcoin is likened to digital gold. In the network, through competition for computing power, the right to recognize the block is obtained, and then the block is obtained. Token rewards and transaction fee rewards, and this method is the way to obtain the initial Bitcoin in the system, just like gold and silver were mined from the ground back then, so it is called mining. .

6. Miner

The node that provides computing power for mining is called a miner. Of course, it sometimes also refers to the owner of the node.

7. Public Keys/Private Keys

Public keys and private keys are the method of asymmetric encryption algorithms, which is also a modification of the previous symmetric encryption algorithms. improvement. The symmetric encryption algorithm uses a set of passwords to encrypt and decrypt. If you know the encryption password, you can decipher the ciphertext. The asymmetric encryption algorithm uses two sets of passwords, using the public key to encrypt and the private key to decrypt. In this way This ensures the security of the password. In the Bitcoin system, the private key is essentially an array of 32 bytes. The generation of the public key and address depends on the private key. With the private key, the public key and address can be generated, and the corresponding address can be used. Bitcoin.

8. Hash value (Hash)

The hash algorithm maps a binary value of any length into a smaller binary value of a fixed length. This small binary value is the hash value. Hope value. A hash value is a unique and extremely compact numerical representation of a piece of data. Changing even one letter in a piece of plaintext will result in a huge difference in the resulting hash value. Finding two different inputs that correspond to the same hash value is basically computationally impossible.

9. Consensus

As a data structure that stores data in chronological order, blockchain can support different consensus mechanisms. The consensus mechanism is an important component of blockchain technology. The goal of the blockchain consensus mechanism is to enable all honest nodes to maintain a consistent view of the blockchain while satisfying two properties:

(1) Consistency. The prefix part of the blockchain saved by all honest nodesExactly the same.

(2) Effectiveness. The information published by an honest node will eventually be recorded in its own blockchain by all other honest nodes

10. Wallet

The Bitcoin wallet does not exist Balance, there is no concept of "balance" in the world of Bitcoin. The wallet here refers to the client or software that saves the Bitcoin address and private key. You can use it to receive, send and store your Bitcoins.

⑷ What is consensus mechanism

Consensus mechanism is simply an algorithm that reaches consensus on the order of things within a period of time.

On the blockchain, the consensus mechanism is like the law of a country, maintaining the normal operation of the blockchain world. On the blockchain, everyone will have a ledger that records all transactions on the chain. When a new transaction is generated on the chain, the time for everyone to receive this information is different. Some people who want to do bad things will It is possible to publish some wrong information at this time. At this time, one person needs to verify the information received by everyone, and finally publish the most correct information.

Currently, there are three commonly used consensus mechanisms:

1. Proof of Work (PoW) is the consensus mechanism we are most familiar with. Just like the literal explanation, PoW means that the more work you do, the greater the benefits will be. The job here is to guess the number. Whoever can guess this unique number the fastest will be the information publicizer.

2. Proof of Stake-PoS is also a consensus proof. It is similar to equity certificates and voting systems, so it is also called "Proof of Stake Algorithm". The person holding the most tokens will announce the final information.

3. Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance-PBFT is also a common consensus proof. It is different from the previous two. PBFT is based on calculations and has no token rewards. Everyone on the chain participates in voting. If less than (N-1)/3 nodes object, they will have the right to disclose information.

⑸ The Chinese name of dpos is

The Chinese name of dpos is the consensus mechanism.

The so-called "consensus mechanism" is to complete the verification and confirmation of transactions in a very short time through the voting of special nodes; for a transaction, if several nodes with unrelated interests can reach a consensus , we can think that the entire network can reach a consensus on this.

To put it more simply, if a Chinese Weibo V, a virtual currency player in the United States, an African student and a European traveler do not know each other, but they all agree that you are a good person , then we can basically conclude that you areNot bad.

Blockchain, as a data structure that stores data in chronological order, can support different consensus mechanisms. The consensus mechanism is an important component of blockchain technology. The goal of the blockchain consensus mechanism is to enable all honest nodes to maintain a consistent view of the blockchain while satisfying two properties:

1) Consistency. The prefix part of the blockchain saved by all honest nodes is exactly the same.

2) Effectiveness. Information published by an honest node will eventually be recorded in its own blockchain by all other honest nodes.

⑹ Blockchain in English

The English word for blockchain is Blockchain.

Blockchain is a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm. Blockchain originated from Bitcoin. In recent years, the world's attitude towards Bitcoin has been ups and downs, but as one of the underlying technologies of Bitcoin, blockchain technology has received increasing attention.

Broadly speaking, blockchain technology uses block chain data structures to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithms to generate and update data, and uses cryptography It is a new distributed infrastructure and computing method that ensures the security of data transmission and access and uses smart contracts composed of automated script codes to program and operate data.

⑺ What is data blockchain (BlockChain)

What is data blockchain (BlockChain)?

1. Data blockchain is an important concept in the Bitcoin financial system. It records transaction record data on the entire Bitcoin network, and these data are shared by all Bitcoin nodes. Through data blocks, we can Query the history of every Bitcoin transaction.
2. Example:
There are three persons A, B and C. All the funds of A and B are kept by C. And every financial transaction must be recorded by C. Now assume that A and B each have 1 million in custody of C. Then:
A spends 80,000 yuan to B, then C’s record in the account book will subtract 80,000 yuan from A’s name, and add 80,000 yuan to B’s name.
If B transfers 50,000 yuan to A, then C will add 50,000 yuan to A’s name in the account book, and subtract 50,000 yuan to B’s name.
A spends 50,000 yuan to B, then C's account book record will subtract 50,000 yuan from A's name, and add 50,000 yuan to B's name.
3. The role of the data blockchain is similar to that of C’s account record book. It records the user’s ownership of Bitcoin and the records of all users’ Bitcoin transactions. It’s just that this “account record book” is recorded by the mining software of every Bitcoin miner on the Internet. If a Bitcoin transaction is confirmed by the data blockchain, the relevant information will be recorded in the data blockchain. Bitcoin’s “account record book” is called the data blockchain. All data on the Internet is composed of blockchainBitcoin’s decentralized network database system.
4. The essence of data blockchain technology is a decentralized and distributed structure of data storage, transmission and certification methods. Data blocks replace the current Internet's reliance on central servers, making all Data changes or transaction projects are recorded on a cloud system, which theoretically realizes self-certification of data during data transmission. In a far-reaching sense, this goes beyond the traditional and conventional need to rely on the formalization of information verification by the center, and reduces the cost The establishment cost of global "credit", this point-to-point verification will produce a "basic protocol", which is a new form of decentralized artificial intelligence and will establish a new interface and shared interface between human brain intelligence and machine intelligence.

What is data blockchain (BlockChain)? How to explain it in an easy-to-understand manner

Blockchain is a new application model of computer technologies such as decentralized data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithms. The so-called consensus mechanism is a mathematical algorithm that establishes trust and obtains rights and interests between different nodes in the blockchain system. Shanghai Heshu Software Co., Ltd. is an innovative technology enterprise focusing on the R&D and application of blockchain technology and a professional blockchain technology service provider. The team has been developing blockchain technology since 2016, and has conducted in-depth research on blockchain technology fields such as blockchain encryption algorithms, consensus mechanism network security, decentralization, and point-to-point.

What is data blockchain (BlockChain), and what is its relationship with today’s big data?

Blockchain is a new application model of computer technologies such as decentralized data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithms. The so-called consensus mechanism is a mathematical algorithm that establishes trust and obtains rights and interests between different nodes in the blockchain system. Heshu Software is an innovative technology enterprise focusing on the R&D and application of blockchain technology and a professional blockchain technology service provider. The team has been developing blockchain technology since 2016, and has conducted in-depth research on blockchain technology fields such as blockchain encryption algorithms, consensus mechanism network security, decentralization, and point-to-point.

What is blockchain (Blockchain) technology?

Blockchain technology, referred to as BT (Blockchain technology), also known as distributed ledger technology, is an Internet database technology that is characterized by decentralization, openness and transparency, allowing everyone to Participation database records.
You can go to Duoyuan.com to learn more

What is Blockchain?

is a public list of all transactions that have been sent, which ensures that everyone knows the true owner (address) of each Bitcoin. All fully functional nodes on the network will retain a copy of the blockchain.
Block is an independent unit on the blockchain. Each block contains the hash value of the previous block (so it is impossible for someone to delete or modify any block on the blockchain,(without causing some hashes on the blockchain to mismatch), as many unconfirmed transactions as can be found on the Internet, and a number called a nonce. Someone who is building a block must find a suitable nonce so that the hash value of the block is below a certain threshold (the target value). This can only be done by trying all the nonces one after another. number until a random number that produces the desired hash value is found. The lower the target value, the harder it is to find a suitable random number. Block creation is intentionally made so difficult to prevent someone from spending Bitcoin and then creating and advancing his own blockchain that does not contain the transaction that shows the Bitcoin has been spent, a wipe The transaction record just now allows him to spend the Bitcoin twice. When a valid block is created, it is distributed throughout the network and the search for the next block begins based on this block.

What is blockchain and what is big data

1. Blockchain: It is a new type of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm. Application mode. The so-called consensus mechanism is a mathematical algorithm that establishes trust and obtains rights and interests between different nodes in the blockchain system.
Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin, mentioned in the "2014-2016 Global Bitcoin Development Research Report" released by the Internet Finance Laboratory of Tsinghua University PBC School of Finance and Sina Technology. Blockchain is the underlying technology and infrastructure of Bitcoin [2]. It is essentially a decentralized database and serves as the underlying technology of Bitcoin. Blockchain is a series of data blocks generated using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains information about a Bitcoin network transaction and is used to verify the validity of the information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block. .
2. Big data: refers to a collection of data that cannot be captured, managed and processed with conventional software tools within a certain time range. It requires new processing models to have stronger decision-making power, insight discovery and process optimization capabilities. massive, high-growth and diversified information assets.

What is blockchain? What is a blockchain phone?

The concept of blockchain is so popular! Will blockchain technology become a new trend?

In recent years, the development ecosystem of blockchain has gradually been improved and enriched. Industry insiders believe that with national policy support, widespread attention and financial support, blockchain technology can achieve gradual and stable progress. Although the upside prospects of blockchain technology are broad, we must remain calm about this.

What is the relationship between blockchain and big data? Will blockchain replace big data?

The relationship between blockchain and big data is not very big. Big data is mainly about managing massive amounts of data, and the core of blockchain is to achieve high security and reliability of data without centralized intermediaries. golden nestWo Network Technology
Therefore, blockchain and big data do not conflict with each other, nor will they replace each other. They are completely different solutions for data in different scenarios.

⑻ What are the blockchain consensus mechanisms?

1.pow (Proof of Work) Proof of Work
One sentence introduction: The more you work, the more you receive .
2.POS Proof of Stake, Proof of Stake
One sentence introduction: The more you hold, the more you get.
3.PBFT: Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance, Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance
Introduction: It provides (n-1)/3 fault tolerance on the premise of ensuring liveness & safety.
4.dBFT: delegated BFT Authorized Byzantine Fault Tolerance Algorithm
Introduction: The dBFT mechanism adopted by Xiaoyi selects bookkeepers based on equity, and then the bookkeepers reach a consensus through the Byzantine Fault Tolerance algorithm. .
5.POOL verification pool
Based on traditional distributed consistency technology, plus data verification mechanism.
ChainNova is a blockchain company. It feels pretty good. Although I don’t know much about hashing algorithms, I still know a little bit about it.