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『一』What impact will the rise of blockchain have on the future of finance

On August 6, 2018, Huawei’s financial industry consultant, founder and CEO of Huaxuan Technology CEO Mr. Cai Yi gave a special sharing at DAGA | Blockchain & AI (Core Group), with the theme: Current Situation and Prospects of Blockchain Finance. The following text is organized based on the audio of the lecture and has been reviewed by the author.

Cai Yi: Financial industry consultant of Huawei, founder and CEO of Huaxuan Technology, founder of the shared reading club, member of the Chinese Writers Association, has been engaged in financial technology research for more than ten years, and is a senior expert in the digital transformation of banks .

Good evening everyone, I am very happy and honored to be able to share some thoughts with you here.

Let me introduce myself briefly: My name is Cai Yi. I was a writer in my youth. I wrote some books, magazines and novels in the 1990s. There was no Internet at that time. Since then, I have been engaged in informatization work in the financial industry. From financial channels to data centers, from outlets to technology, I have witnessed the development of financial technology and discovered some problems. He has been an investment partner since 2014, and has also worked as a financial industry consultant for Huawei in recent years. From a cognitive perspective, he serves as a consultant for talent development in the digital transformation of the financial industry.

I came into contact with blockchain in 2015, when I founded Huaxuan Technology and Shared Reading Club. At present, we mainly focus on the understanding of blockchain and the implementation of financial technology solutions. At the cognitive level, book clubs are used for interactive sharing and knowledge management. At the technical level, blockchain, big data, AI and other technologies are combined to reshape the processes and scenarios of the financial industry, starting from a local perspective. My relationship with blockchain stems from my own interest in blockchain, which I often study and discuss with some friends. Of course, some of the views are still relatively superficial. I hope everyone can share their opinions and make more comments and corrections.

Elite think tanks in the United States once believed that the core of maintaining global leadership is technology, technology must rely on the economy, and the core of the economy is finance. So, what is the future of finance?

Today’s topic is: The current situation and prospects of blockchain finance. I would like to introduce it mainly from three aspects:

A brief introduction to finance and the financial system;

The current situation of blockchain finance;

The outlook for blockchain finance .

1. Finance and financial system

1 The concept of finance

First of all, let’s talk about the concept of finance. The word “finance” originated from the Meiji Restoration (1868 Japan after 1897, this is somewhat related to the gold standard established by Japan in 1897. It was introduced to China from Japan in the early 20th century and was first proposed by Finance Minister Liang Qichao in 1902. At that time, Zhang Zhidong raised objections. Therefore, China has remained on the silver standard after the Sino-Japanese War of 1884-1899, but this also allowed China to avoid the 1929 decade of the Great Depression.

The original meaning of finance is "money financing", which refers to the circulation of funds in society. Later, its meaning was expanded to mean money and credit.related transactions and economic activities. There is actually another reason why it is translated as "finance": gold was once the only medium in international trade, and value and wealth were based on gold as the basis and standard. Therefore, when people make standard gold bars, they need to melt the gold into shape. This may be the original meaning of the word "finance", which is to melt the metal.

Finance is the general term for currency circulation and credit activities and the economic activities associated with them

Let’s take a look at our later definition of finance: Finance is the currency circulation and credit activities and the economic activities related to them. A general term for the economic activities related to it. Finance in the broad sense refers to all economic activities related to the issuance, custody, exchange, settlement and financing of credit currency, even including the purchase and sale of gold and silver. Finance in the narrow sense refers specifically to the financing of credit currency.

To put it simply, the content of finance can be summarized as the issuance and withdrawal of currency, the absorption and payment of deposits, the issuance and recovery of loans, the purchase and sale of gold, silver and foreign exchange, the issuance and transfer of securities, Insurance, trust, domestic and international currency settlement, etc. To put it more bluntly, finance feeds back in both directions. The institutions engaged in financial activities mainly include banks, insurance, securities, trusts, financial leasing, etc. We all know this quite well and have frequent contact with it. Therefore, after understanding the meaning and institutions of finance, you also need to understand China’s financial system.

2 China’s financial system

The development stage of my country’s financial system can be roughly divided into five stages:

Initial formation stage, the first five years ( 1948-1953): The People's Bank of China was established (1948). The People's Bank of China at that time was far from what we imagine now. But it marked the beginning of the new Chinese financial institution system.

The "grand unification" system in which the central bank unified revenue and expenditure, the second five years (1953-1978): the People's Bank of China was the only financial institution in the country to handle various banking businesses, integrating the central bank Integrated with ordinary banks. In fact, the great unification is that we copy the foreign model. I will not talk about the specific countries.

Initial reforms and breakthroughs in the "unified" financial institution system, the third five years (1979 to August 1983): Bank of China (established in 1912), Agricultural Bank of China (established in 1951) , China Construction Bank (established in 1954) have been restored or established one after another, but the People's Bank of China still integrates currency issuance and credit. We have seen that China’s financial industry has developed very rapidly after reform and opening up.

The diversified financial institution system began to take shape. In ten years (September 1983 to 1993): it formed with the People's Bank of China as the core and four major majors in industry, agriculture, China and construction. A system of financial institutions with banks as the main body and various other financial institutions coexisting and cooperating with each other. After 1987, Bank of Communications, China Merchants Bank, Shenzhen Development Bank, CITIC and Hengfeng emerged one after another. In 1988, Ping An, Guangfa and Xingye emerged. In 1992, Everbright, Huaxia and Pudong Development Bank emerged and the China Securities Regulatory Commission was established in the same year.

Construct and improve social market financial institutionsStage of the system (1994 to present): A relatively complete financial institution system has been formed, led by "one bank and three committees", with large, medium and small commercial banks as the main body, and various non-bank financial institutions as auxiliary wings. In 1994, three major policy banks (China Development Bank, Export-Import Bank of China, and Agricultural Development Bank of China) were established. In 1995, Minsheng Bank, the first private commercial bank, was established (this is of great significance). In 1998, city commercial banks appeared. and established the China Insurance Regulatory Commission. The China Banking Regulatory Commission actually appeared relatively late, and was only established in 2003. From then on, the pattern of one bank and three conferences was formed. However, not long ago, the China Banking Regulatory Commission and the China Insurance Regulatory Commission merged to form the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission. You can pay attention to it.

From an evolutionary perspective, normative research in finance is often linear.

That is, we often use a certain evolutionary form as the standard (usually a developed market economic system, such as the Soviet Union, Germany, the United States, and even Japan, etc.) to describe the financial system from non-marketization to marketization, from financial The path to progress from inefficient allocation of resources to efficient allocation, and focusing on explaining the GAP and reasons for this standard form.

In fact, we can find from the development history of China’s financial system just now: Since 1978, China’s financial system has evolved in the direction of marketization, standardization, diversification, and internationalization. Both scale and complexity are rising rapidly and non-linearly:

Various financial institutions have shown a "networked" and "strongly related" business format, that is: today's banks and banks, banks The correlation with other financial institutions and various financial sub-markets has increased significantly, and credit connections have become increasingly tight, intertwined, and intricate.

The ecological environment of the financial industry has also seen some significant changes. On the one hand, traditional formal financial institutions seek to accelerate transformation and innovation, and strive to seize opportunities in innovations such as business strategies, market positioning, management structures, business formats, and products. On the other hand, various emerging financial institutions have emerged in large numbers.

The financial industry also presents new characteristics such as real estate financialization, "banking" of non-bank institutions, and asset securitization.

The above changes are beyond the common imagination of the industry, regulators and policymakers, and will bring a series of impacts:

On the positive side, the scale and composition of the financial system have The business expansion and financial service capabilities of financial institutions have been expanded, the financial market has been developed, and innovative payments have developed rapidly. This is the case with financial technology, which we will talk about later.

To use a popular saying, there are all kinds of birds in the forest. Then, the negative aspects are mainly reflected in the following aspects:

The interactive relationship between the financial system and the real economy tends to be complicated, and the role of the financial system in spawning and amplifying asset bubbles has been underestimated.

The network and strong connections of the financial system have widened the gap between the financial industry and financial supervision, weakening the effectiveness of traditional supervision. my country's current financial regulatory system has only been in operation for more than ten years.

Monetary policy passes through the financial systemThe transmission path and mechanism have changed (the transmission chain of monetary policy has been lengthened or deformed, and the conductivity and effectiveness have declined), and the initiative and effectiveness of regulation are facing new constraints. The current monetary policy framework has been continuously improved in response to economic and financial market developments since its establishment in 1996. However, the complexity of the financial system in recent years has posed new challenges to it. Broad money M2 has also been impacted by factors such as financial deepening and electronic payments, and has been further weakened by the shadow banking system.

Various cross-market, cross-business, and cross-border behaviors that avoid supervision make multiple risk factors intertwined, such as: capital pool operations with serious mismatches in terms of terms and products hide greater liquidity risks, product Nesting leads to risk transmission, insufficient shadow banking supervision, local debt, real estate, external shocks, etc., which all pose great challenges to the stability of the financial system.

There is no harm without comparison. my country's financial system as a whole is still relatively backward. This backwardness is mainly reflected in the lag in banking innovation: the People's Bank of China announced the cancellation of "interest spread protection" in October 2015, while the United States had completely marketized interest rates as early as April 1986, and China was nearly 30 years late.

3 The institutional framework and basic issues of China’s financial system

Of course, my country’s current financial system is based on three basic institutional frameworks:

The first is to rely on business trust existing in legal provisions, that is, policy guidance;

The second is to rely on a third party as a credit intermediary to ensure the realization of asset transfer transactions;

The third is to rely on centralized The clearing house is the center and handles the settlement and clearing of completed transactions.

Based on this, four issues have been raised:

1) The issue of integrity system and trust mechanism. Traditional finance must have strict transaction records to accumulate credit. Without transaction records, it is difficult to achieve financing or loans because there is no technical means to ensure the security of transactions between both parties.

2) Transaction settlement takes a long time. Traditional financial transaction times continue to speed up, but settlement times are still relatively long, especially cross-border transactions, which often cannot arrive immediately.

3) The cost of intermediary services is high. The important source of income of the traditional financial transaction system relies on collecting transaction fees or loan interest; in cross-border transactions, costs caused by exchange rate changes have to be paid.

4) Poor security. Traditional finance involves many human steps, which means there is a higher chance of human errors and omissions.

Faced with this series of problems, financial institutions have actually been looking for solutions. When we communicated with ICBC and China Merchants Bank two years ago, they were already exploring big data, artificial intelligence and blockchain. And its crisis awareness is very strong.

4 Financial Technology

As the positive aspects just mentioned, financial institutions have been seeking solutions to financial informatization and financial digitalization.

So, let me mention what is happening in financial technology. Whether it is FinTech proposed by JD.com or TechFin proposed by Ant Financial,I think it is essentially a better combination of technology and finance, just like what we will discuss next is how to better combine finance and blockchain.

Financial Technology 1.0 Era

At this stage, the financial industry and the technology industry exist as parallel industries. The two sides have not yet truly integrated, but technological progress has begun to promote the globalization of the financial market. change. Since World War II, the rapid development of communication technology and information technology has enabled finance to break national boundaries, and the cross-border investment of financial institutions has also greatly accelerated. The main providers of financial services in this era were banks.

Financial Technology 2.0 Era

Technology is promoting finance and strengthening the trend of globalization, making financial services more and more digital. The financial industry realizes the electronicization and automation of offices and business through the application of traditional IT software and hardware, thereby improving business efficiency. During this period, financial institutions have significantly increased the adoption of IT technology in internal operations and have successfully implemented paperless offices in many processes. Core systems, credit systems, clearing systems, etc. that are often discussed in banks and other institutions are representatives of this stage.

Financial Technology 3.0 Era

In the Internet financial stage, the main force of financial technology at this stage is entrepreneurial enterprises of non-financial institutions, relying on Internet technology and information and communication technology to provide financial services or Cooperate with financial institutions to launch financial services. The financial industry builds online business platforms and uses the Internet or mobile terminal channels to bring together massive users and information to realize the interconnection and interoperability of any combination of the asset side, transaction side, payment side, and capital side in financial business. This is essentially a change from the traditional The transformation of financial channels enables information sharing and business integration.

Fintech 4.0 Era

The financial industry uses new IT technologies such as big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and blockchain to change traditional financial information collection sources and risk pricing models. , investment decision-making process, and the role of credit intermediary, it can greatly improve the efficiency of traditional finance and solve the pain points of traditional finance. The representative technologies are big data credit reporting and intelligent investment advisory.

Having said this, let’s briefly summarize: Finance is the intermediary of credit, and finance provides two-way feedback. We talked about China's financial system and learned that ICBC, China Merchants Bank and Ping An were established at the same time, so we know why ICBC is more active and innovative than the other four major banks. Then we talked about the development of financial technology, which has led to better development of financial technology in information and digitalization.

Excerpts from: Article: Current Situation and Prospects of Blockchain Finance

『二』What is blockchain technology and how does it change business and financial models

Blockchain technology is a distributed ledger technology that allows multiple participants to jointly maintain a secure, transparent and tamper-proof record on a decentralized network. Blockchain technology was originally designed for the digital currency Bitcoin, but is now widely used in manyOther areas.

The core features of blockchain technology include:

Decentralization: Blockchain has no central control agency, and data is distributed on various nodes in the network, which makes it decentralized. The centralization feature reduces the risk of single points of failure.

Transparency: Transaction records on the blockchain are public to all participants, and anyone can view these records. This helps increase trust and reduce the risk of fraud.

Immutable: Once a transaction is recorded on the blockchain, it cannot be easily modified or deleted. This guarantees data integrity and security.

Smart contracts: Transactions on the blockchain can be automatically executed to implement "smart contracts", which automatically execute corresponding operations when specific conditions are met. This helps simplify complex business processes and reduce costs.

Blockchain technology has had a profound impact on business and financial models, which is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

Reducing costs: Blockchain technology can reduce intermediary links and reduce costs. transaction costs and operating costs. For example, by adopting blockchain for cross-border payments, remittance fees can be significantly reduced.

Improve efficiency: The automation and smart contract features of blockchain technology help improve the efficiency of business processes, reduce manual intervention, and reduce error rates.

Enhance trust: The transparency and non-tamperability of blockchain technology help to establish a reliable trust system, reduce the risk of fraud, and provide better protection for business activities.

Innovative business models: Blockchain technology has spawned many new business models, such as decentralized finance (DeFi), digital asset trading, supply chain finance, etc. These new business models have brought disruptive changes to existing industries.

In short, blockchain technology, as an emerging technical means, is gradually changing the landscape of business and finance. With the continuous development of technology and the in-depth promotion of applications, blockchain is expected to have a more extensive and far-reaching impact in the future

『三』Who are the leading blockchain listed companies

< p>As of August 11, 2021, there are a total of 251 blockchain concept stocks listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges.

Let me introduce to you the industry leaders:

Yongfu Shares (300712): The company’s business now covers big data, industrial Internet, blockchain, Internet of Things, etc. related to the construction of Digital China field. Guohua Network Security (000004): The company has been actively participating in the ecological construction of the Hongmeng system, and has completed the adaptation work of the Ark compiler and the Hongmeng system, including HAP adaptation work, to ensure the compatibility and interoperability of the products of both parties. Tianyin Holdings (000829): Domestically, the company won the bid for the Beijing Welfare Lottery sales terminal (special equipment) purchase project for the first time, successfully expanding the company's business territory and further improving its industry status; in terms of foreign business, the company signed a contract with the Jamaican National Lottery Operator We have signed a service contract to provide customers with a series of solutions such as software and hardware, and at the same time, we haveWe will discuss specific cooperation matters with partners from China, South Africa, Nigeria, the Philippines and other countries.

4. Visual China (000681): The company is the first platform-based cultural technology enterprise in China to apply Internet technology to copyrighted visual content services.

5. Ping An Bank (000001): With the strategic goal of building "China's most outstanding and world-leading intelligent retail bank", it continues to adhere to "technology leadership, retail breakthroughs, and corporate excellence" Based on the twelve-character strategic policy, we will comprehensively upgrade the new three-year strategic measures and promote business development to a new level.

6. Tongda Electric (603390): In December 2019, the company stated on the interactive platform that its wholly-owned subsidiary owns the software copyright of "Blockchain Multimedia Publishing Platform V1.0".

7. Ren Zixing (300311): Positioned to provide users with Internet space data governance, network and information security, data security and data value-added solutions and services, and assist governments and operators in network and communication digital resources To manage.

8. Tianzhou Culture (300148): The company invested in Tianhe Wenlian to actively deploy blockchain-related copyright certification, digital content storage and distribution, and cultural innovation applications to promote blockchain technology in culture and publishing. Integrated innovation and integrated applications in business fields such as education, games, etc., to help the development of the blockchain copyright industry.

9. Gaohong Shares (000851): The company is a member of the Blockchain Security Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. The company's trusted software copyright protection system is based on trusted computing technology, confidential computing technology and operating system security reinforcement technology to comprehensively protect the security of target software; combined with the company's trusted servers and trusted terminals It forms an application all-in-one machine that can be applied to emerging technology application scenarios such as blockchain and AI.

10. Xichuang Yihui (300078): The company has applied blockchain technology in the field of independent third-party data encryption services to protect hospital data assets and patient privacy and solve data security issues in the medical industry. . The company will continue to explore the application of blockchain technology in the medical field.

11. Zhongqingbao (300052): The company builds the LeaderChain infrastructure cloud platform based on its independent research and development of LeaderChain blockchain technology, and leverages the parent company Zhongqingbao’s expertise in cloud computing, artificial intelligence, Years of accumulation and outstanding advantages in big data, Internet of Things, smart cities and other fields have formed a complete end-to-end blockchain solution through the "profit chain industry/government/city".

12. Dashi Intelligence (002421): The company signed a "Strategic Cooperation Agreement" with Beijing Taiyi Cloud Technology Co., Ltd. and plans to jointly build an open and win-win "Blockchain Intelligent IoT" ecological chain .

The above are my statistics of leading blockchain listed companies. I apologize for the inaccurate statistics. I hope to communicate with you more. Thank you for your attention!

『四』 Brokerages explore blockchain and other applications, and investment in financial technology continues to increaseCode

Recently, a number of securities firms have stated that they are penetrating the capabilities of financial technology into actual businesses. For example, technologies such as blockchain and cloud computing can be applied to asset management ABS business, investment research systems, and institutional services. , and carry out digital transformation, financial technology is becoming a strategic direction for securities companies to focus on.

Financial technology penetrates traditional businesses

For many institutions, the penetration of financial technology into traditional businesses is becoming faster and faster. In the digital transformation of past business models, the application of technologies such as blockchain and big data has become increasingly mature.

Kong Weicheng, general manager of GF Securities (Hong Kong stock 01776) Asset Management Company, said that financial technology is currently an important strategy for the company’s layout. In the investment decision-making of asset management, the integration of technology and asset management is accelerating. “In specific asset management planning products, we have built an intelligent ABS cloud platform by applying blockchain technology, using the technology platform to effectively transmit and monitor risks on funds and business changes generated in the business process, while also ensuring data security. It is authentic and cannot be modified."

On July 4, at the Science and Technology Expo held in Beijing, Huatai Securities officially released the digital service system for institutional customers. It is understood that the digital service platform covers multiple modules such as investment banking projects, investment analysis, and financial products, and provides a variety of solutions for institutional customer needs such as institutional transactions and asset management.

Yang Huahui, chairman of Industrial Securities, also recently wrote publicly that the company will increase investment in financial technology, carry out innovative attempts in customer service, market analysis, and risk pricing, and further enhance the intelligent level of the company's middle and back-end management. . Yang Huahui believes that the combination of technology and the securities industry will transform from simple applications to more in-depth integration. In the future, securities firms will also pay more attention to the application of emerging fields such as artificial intelligence and blockchain.

It is understood that in recent years, securities firms have increasingly hoped to internalize the traditionally outsourced financial technology business into the company itself. Analysts from securities firms said that due to the large amount of data and long products and business processes involved within securities firms, it is difficult for outsourced technology businesses to understand the actual business model. In the future, the construction of core technology financial platforms will penetrate into various business sectors such as investment banking, research, asset management, prime brokers, and institutional services. By analyzing and deconstructing the accumulated massive data, it can also provide technology for the value creation of traditional businesses. Auxiliary. In addition, after such a platform is successfully built, such a digital model can also be exported to the outside world, which can not only provide services to institutions and ordinary customers, but also increase the business value of the technology platform itself.

Institutional financial technology competition is fierce

Due to the increasing emphasis on financial technology strategies, the “technological content” of competition among institutions is also increasing.

Since June this year, there have been manyBrokerages complied with regulatory requirements and added chief information officers (CIOs). According to industry insiders, the addition of a brokerage chief information officer will play an important role in the future integration of brokerage business and technology.

In addition to adding chief information officers, brokerages are also accelerating recruitment in financial technology. It is reported that in June this year, GF Securities, Haitong Securities (Hong Kong Stock 06837), Orient Securities (Hong Kong Stock 03958) and many other securities firms released dozens of financial technology-related positions, covering big data engineers, AI application engineers, data mining positions, cloud Computing engineer and other technical positions.

At the same time, as an important strategy of the company, institutions are investing more and more resources in financial technology. According to 2018 brokerage business performance data, 98 brokerage information systems invested as much as 13.067 billion yuan in 2018, a year-on-year increase of 16.89%. Among them, Guotai Junan (Hong Kong stock 02611), Changjiang Securities, and CITIC Securities (Hong Kong stock 06030) invested more than 500 million yuan, and GF Securities, Huatai Securities, Ping An Securities, Haitong Securities, and CICC (Hong Kong stock 03908) invested more than 400 million yuan.

A relevant person in charge of a medium-sized securities firm said that financial technology has increasingly become the core competitiveness of institutions seeking development. In addition to increasing investment, financial technology's subversion of traditional business models also requires practitioners to change their thinking and concepts.

“The digital transformation of business is not simply to move the business online, but to apply financial technology scenarios through a deep understanding of business logic, improve business efficiency and risk control, and provide innovation and use of intelligent technology. Optimized services." The above-mentioned securities dealers believe that in the future, a number of specialty securities companies with differentiated financial technology services may appear in the industry, and the industry will also form a new market pattern based on the level of financial technology capabilities.

This article is from China Fund News

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