区块链污染源监测方案,区块链污染源监测技术规范

近年来，随着污染源的不断增多，环境污染的问题也日益突出，如何有效监测污染源，及时发现并处理污染源，已成为当前环境保护领域的热点话题。区块链污染源监测方案正是为了解决这一问题而提出的，它是利用区块链技术构建的一种污染源监测系统，具有去中心化、安全可靠、数据可追溯等特点。

首先，区块链污染源监测技术规范提出了一种基于区块链技术的污染源监测系统，该系统可以实现对污染源的全面监测和可追溯的数据记录。此外，该系统还可以实现污染源的实时监测，以及污染源之间的相互联系，从而有效地控制污染源的数量和程度。

其次，智能合约是区块链污染源监测方案的重要组成部分，它是一种基于区块链技术的智能合约，可以实现对污染源的自动监测，并在发现异常情况时及时发出警报。此外，智能合约还可以实现污染源的可追溯性，从而有效地追踪污染源的来源，并有效地控制污染源的数量和程度。

最后，物联网技术也是区块链污染源监测方案的重要组成部分。物联网技术可以实现对污染源的实时监测，并将污染源的数据实时传输到云端，从而实现对污染源的可追溯性。此外，物联网技术还可以实现污染源之间的相互联系，从而有效地控制污染源的数量和程度。

总之，区块链污染源监测方案是一种有效的污染源监测系统，它利用区块链技术、智能合约和物联网技术实现对污染源的全面监测和可追溯的数据记录，从而有效地控制污染源的数量和程度，从而保护环境。

A. Decred: An experiment in on-chain governance

The origin of Decred can be traced back to two points in time: an obscure article was posted on the Bitcointalk forum in April 2013. Post, a May 2013 blog post introduced an alternative to Bitcoin's full node implementation, known as Bitcoin. The two posters behind the scenes soon joined forces to create Decred, a cryptocurrency with a built-in governance system. In addition to the on-chain governance system, Decred also mixes PoW and PoS consensus mechanisms.

On April 3, 2013, a Bitcointalk user named TradeFortress posted a thread with the topic "Want to create an altcoin that can really make a difference?" Another user using the pseudonym tacotime stated in the thread that he was interested in developing altcoins but "just needs people who have time to code."

Four days later, tacotime started a thread on the Bitcointalk forum A project called Memcoin2, a cryptocurrency that mixes PoW and PoS systems, is developed. Along with his Bitcointalk post, Adam Mackenzie published a white paper explaining that the system "puts control of monetary resources democratically into the hands of users through participatory voting." This system laid the foundation for the development of Decred.

Around the same time, developer and entrepreneur Jacob Yocom-Piatt was developing btcd, the original alternative to Bitcoin's full node implementation, developed in part by Bitcoin founder Satoshi Nakamoto.

Yocom-Piatt is the CEO and founder of Conformal Systems, an open source software engineering company focused on privacy and security solutions. The Conformal Systems team has been following Bitcoin closely for years. . In January 2013, the team decided to port Bitcoin to its own operating system. During the porting process, Conformal Systems ran into some trouble and decided to develop a Bitcoin alternative, so the team continued developing Bitcoin. In October 2013, Conform Systems released the btcd test. Btcd later changed its name to BTCSUITE.

At the end of 2013, tacotime and another Bitcointalk user "_ingsoc" discussed the development and growth of the Memcoin2 (MC2) project (which was briefly renamed Netcoin). Subsequently, ingsoc contacted Conformal Systems to discuss MC2 project.

In February 2014, tacotime published a post announcing that Conformal Systems had decided to support the development of MC2. Tacotime has also explored the possibility of a token sale or pre-mining to fund future development of MC2. Conformal Systems soon changed its name to Company 0 and collaborated with tacotime on MC2, which was later renamed Decred.

As Company 0 and tacotime work on the development of Decred, Yocom-Piatt also continues to work on his Bitcoin full node implementation - btcsuite. In his two and a half years of working with the Bitcoin community, Yocom-Piatt noted that he had expressed disapproval of the Bitcoin ecosystem in two 2015 blog posts, “Bitcoin’s Biggest Challenges” and “Bitcoin Iterations.” Governance structures, funding and “conflicts of interest” concerns. He highlighted conflicts between the development team and miners and extended discussions that led to infighting. He also published a Decred positioning post.

On December 12, 2015, Decred was launched as an "open, progressive, self-funded cryptocurrency with a community governance system integrated into its blockchain." Company 0 It was also announced that the total supply of tokens will be 21 million, with 8% pre-mined, of which 4%, or US$415,000, will be invested in protocol development. In order to prevent excessive concentration of power in the early stages of the project, Company 0 announced that the remaining 4% will be distributed to early community members in the form of free airdrops. From December 15, 2015 to January 18, 2016, Decred airdropped 840,000 Decred tokens to nearly 3,000 participants. Around this time, Tacotime made its last public post about Decred, then developed the privacy coin project Monero with some people, and then disappeared.

On February 8, 2016, Decred mainnet and Decred constitution were officially launched. The Constitution establishes a set of rules and guiding principles for Decred and its community.

Since launching its mainnet, Decred has slowly climbed the CoinMarketCap rankings. It has experienced significant increases in network hashing power, has seen a steady increase in stakers’ rights, and launched developed its online proposal system politeia. The project also recently announced that it is handing over control of the fund to stakeholders, solidifying its belief in community governance.

Problems Decred is trying to solve

(1) Pure POW and POS systemsWeaknesses of the system

Decred’s hybrid consensus mechanism of Proof of Work (PoW) + Proof of Stake (PoS) attempts to solve some of the flaws in pure PoW and PoS systems.

In a pure PoW system, the security of the network relies on the fact that more than 50% of the miners must be honest. If this fact were broken, malicious actors could double-spend transactions, censor transactions, and launch other attacks, making the network unreliable. The crypto ecosystem was recently hit by a 51% attack, with networks such as Ethereum Classic, Verge, and Bitcoin Gold affected.

Additionally, PoW systems have no formal structure to resolve consensus disputes. Therefore, consensus failures and chain splits are very possible on these networks.

The PoS system has two main flaws: the no-stake theory and the remote attack theory.

1) Voters in PoS systems are incentivized to vote on multiple forks of the network because it technically costs nothing to verify multiple forks. This is because in a PoW system, energy consumption is a zero-sum game—spreading computing power across multiple forks does not improve the odds of a PoW miner mining a block. This is an irrelevant theory.

2) In addition, there is also the theory of remote attack. Under this attack, a malicious actor with 1% of the network's votes creates a parallel fork, expands the fork, and generates more blocks than the main chain. If 1% of this attacker's votes were chosen to validate transactions, the attacker would choose to build blocks on their extended fork, invalidating all blocks on the main chain.

(2) Financing

Since the emergence of the open source software community, funding open source software (OSS) development has been a major concern. OSS is plagued by the tragedy of the commons and the free-rider effect. Since OSS is free to use, users have no incentive to pay developers to maintain the software. Therefore, it is difficult for many OSS developers (in this case, blockchain developers) to spend time developing OSS software for free while maintaining a sustainable lifestyle. Since large amounts of funds are locked in blockchain networks, poor software maintenance can result in the loss of these funds.

How Decred works

(1) Consensus

Decred uses a hybrid PoW and PoS consensus model, that is, traditional PoW miners create blocks. PoS miners verify blocks. Decred block rewards start at approximately 31.19 DCR per block and are reduced by a 100/101 factor every 6144 blocks. The block reward is divided among the following three entities:

60% is allocated to PoW miners, 30 % allocated to validating blocksOf the PoS voters, 10% is allocated to the Decred fund.

In order to vote on the network, PoS miners participate in a new voting system developed by Decred core developers.

(2) Voting

Decred’s voting system is essentially a lottery system that determines which voters can verify blocks. Every vote owner has the right to vote and validate blocks. In order to maintain stable subsidy returns to voters, Decred developed a staking difficulty algorithm based on a total vote count of 40,960. According to Decred, “If the vote pool size becomes too large or too small, it can significantly alter the social contract between stakeholders and the network, destroying the predictability of average voting times, percentage of expired votes, and returns.” To maintain this target ticket pool size, if the ticket pool increases, the ticket price must increase; if the ticket pool decreases, the ticket price must decrease.

To "buy" votes, users need to bid. If their bid is accepted, their DCR is locked and they receive votes in return. After a PoW miner mines a block, five votes are randomly selected to verify the transactions contained in the block - three of these five votes must reach consensus in order for the block to be verified and placed in the Decred zone in the blockchain. The votes after verifying the block will be destroyed, and the vote owner will also receive the original price of the vote plus the block reward of the verified block. Every time a new block is added to the Decred blockchain, 20 new votes are generated for a new round of bidding. The ballots are sold at public auction. New votes need to mature for 256 blocks before they are eligible to be selected for voting. If a ticket is not selected, or is selected but not voted on after 40,960 blocks, its owner will receive a DCR refund and no reward. According to Decred, “Given a target pool size of 40,960 votes, any given ticket has a 99.5% chance of being voted on within 142 days.”

PoW miners create blocks and PoS miners vote to decide whether Accept or reject a block. Once a block is accepted, three-fifths of the votes must verify that the block is valid. The votes and transactions contained in the block are packaged by the next PoW miner. Decred’s hybrid model adds an extra layer of security compared to the traditional PoW model. The attacker would not only have to obtain 51% of the PoW hash power, but also 37% of the total votes.

In addition, due to the public auction nature of vote bidding, the demand generated by attackers to purchase votes will increase the price of votes, making attacks increasingly more expensive.

(3) Governance and Politeia

The core proposal of Decred is the autonomous protocol and currency network. one of its governance systemsAn important component is the consensus rules voting process. To implement software changes in Decred, the protocol implements a two-stage voting process: a Stake Version Interval (SVI) every 2016 blocks (approximately 1 week) and a Rule Change Interval (SVI) every 8064 blocks (approximately 4 weeks) RCI).

The first step in the voting process is to meet the threshold for network upgrades. For Proof of Work POW, at least 95% of the 1000 most recent blocks must have the latest block version. For proof-of-stake POS, 75% of the votes cast in a single SVI must have the latest voting version.

The second step in the voting process is voting. According to Decred, there are five possible voting results:

1) If more than 90% of all votes within the RCI are "abstain" votes, the motion vote will still be valid in the next RCI.

2) If all non-abstention votes within the RCI do not reach the 75% "yes" or "no" majority threshold, the motion vote will still be valid in the next RCI.

3) If 75% of all non-abstention votes within RCI support the motion ("Yes"), the motion is considered locked and the consensus change will be activated 8064 blocks after the vote is passed.

4) If 75% of all non-abstention votes in the RCI oppose the motion ("No"), the motion will fail and the consensus change will not be initiated.

5) If a proposal does not reach a 75% majority vote within its voting period, the proposal will expire and the consensus change will not be initiated.

For non-consensus change governance of Decred software, the Decred development team launched the Politeia proposal system in October 2018. According to Decred, “Politeia is a system for storing versioned and timestamped off-chain data. Politeia creates a public proposal and voting record, including Decred’s fund use, policy decisions, dispute resolution, and more.

The proposal process on Politeia is as follows:

Users pay a 0.1 DCR fee to submit a proposal > Administrators screen proposals and delete illegal or spam content > Proposals are publicly displayed on Politeia > 2016 blocks The post-voting window opens > Any wallet with votes can vote on whether the block is valid > At least 20% of the votes vote on whether the proposal passes > At least 60% of the votes vote on whether the proposal passes > If the vote passes, Decred funds are obtained and executed Transaction> If the vote is rejected, the user can try again.

Conclusion

Decred is an interesting experiment in hybrid consensus models and on-chain governance. Although no network has tested the model at scale, Decred’s hybrid model is more secure than traditional PoW and PoS systems. Decred’s governance model enables users to have a say in the future development of the network in which they have a vested interest. While it’s unclear whether a hybrid consensus model and on-chain governance is the right implementation, Decred’s experiment is worth watching.

The name Decred came from a brainstorming session between Company 0 and tacotime. The name came to mind when they were discussing “decentralized credit.”

The weakness of this model is that it is highly subjective. Some members of pure PoW networks believe that unstructured governance systems lead to smaller attack vectors.

There are many solutions to solve this problem, including fines and timestamps.

If you want to get more information about blockchain projects, please click on the source of this article to learn more~

B. “Blockchain” meets “Pipeline Gallery Robot”< /p>

On the morning of August 31, the launch ceremony of the "Blockchain + Pipe Gallery Robot" intelligent inspection and monitoring system of Fengxi New City in Xixian New District was held at the Smart Pipe Gallery Control Center, marking the opening of the new city's comprehensive pipe gallery Artificial Intelligence 2.0 era.

At the ceremony, the person in charge of the investment company introduced the "blockchain + pipe gallery robot" intelligent inspection and monitoring system. Yang Jianzhu, chairman of the group company, and general manager Jiang Qinfa unveiled the new operating robot and then visited the Xincheng Smart Pipeline Control Center.

The two inspection robots and two fire-fighting robots unveiled this time use blockchain technology to decentralize, information cannot be tampered with, and data Natural advantages such as openness, transparency and traceability demonstrate three important application scenarios in the operation and maintenance process.

•Decentralization: When the central server is paralyzed, the inspection robot and the fire-extinguishing robot trigger the smart contract and reach a consensus decision, so that the fire can be discovered and effectively eliminated in the shortest time.

•Information cannot be tampered with: Once the data on the chain is generated, each node will share and copy the information on the entire chain. Modifying the data of any node is Invalid to ensure data security and reliability.

•Data is open, transparent and traceable: "GIS+BIM" data based on blockchain architecture is shared with planning departments, pipeline companies, pipeline users, and maintenance On the alliance chain composed of units, etc., it becomesMembers can obtain any information on the chain at any time. Therefore, the pipeline entry procedure was shortened from 30 days to 1 day, which greatly saved various costs.

The upgraded pipe gallery robot also has automatic charging and swapping, intelligent track changing, and turning and climbing. , intelligent fire extinguishing, mobile management and other functions.

It is reported that the Fengxi New Town robot inspection and monitoring system has been successfully operated in the jurisdiction for three years, and is in intelligent monitoring , artificial intelligence and three-dimensional BIM imaging have reached the domestic leading level. At the same time, a three-dimensional underground pipe network application system integrating robots, intelligent manhole covers, fire protection systems, data service engines, etc. has also been built to greatly improve the level of intelligent operation and maintenance of pipe corridors.

In the future, the construction of smart pipe corridors will gradually realize the digitization of global assets, and may give rise to new industrial formats such as pipe corridor small logistics and pipe corridor big data.

According to relevant industry experts, it is the first time in the world that blockchain technology has been applied to a pipe corridor robot intelligent inspection and monitoring system.

Fengxi New City insists on deploying innovation chains around the industrial chain and arranging the industrial chain around the innovation chain, giving full play to the role of blockchain as an important engine of the industrial wave, and actively exploring the use of blockchain technology in integrated pipe gallery operation and maintenance management. Medium-depth application to promote the integrated development of blockchain and real economy.

C. Food Safety and Blockchain Technology

By using blockchain, food companies can more quickly trace food problems back to their source. Not only does this help reduce consumer risk and provide safety, it can also reduce financial losses through targeted recalls.

D. Blockchain agricultural production traceability system development, blockchain agricultural production traceability system development company

“Blockchain + agriculture” is not a small trend, but has already arrived Trend. Wu Xiaobo said in his "Meet 2019" New Year's Eve speech that this is an era full of uncertainty, and it is also an era undergoing huge changes. Although we feel uncomfortable, it shows that this is a good era that is undergoing fission. Big data, cloud computing, blockchain, AI technology, etc. that have emerged in the past two years, these ferocious "new and strange" changes are destined to become a tangible reality. We need to have enough courage and preparation to meet these secret weapons that are about to change our lives.

The integrated application of blockchain technology plays an important role in new technological innovations and industrial changes. We must use blockchain as an important breakthrough for independent innovation in core technologies, clarify the main direction of attack, increase investment, focus on conquering a number of key core technologies, and accelerate the development of blockchain technology and industrial innovation.
The agricultural product traceability platform system is a blockchain smart traceability platform system that integrates traceability and marketing, developed based on the characteristics of the agricultural industry. The system is based on the construction and collection of Internet of Things facilities, blockchain traceability information storage, and agricultural products. A traceability platform with core traceability management, traceability code traceability management, environmental monitoring traceability management, and agricultural product marketing management.
The system mainly includes a smart agricultural collection platform, an agricultural traceability operation and management platform, and a code scanning traceability terminal (mini program, APP). It uses blockchain traceability technology, Internet of Things collection technology, cloud computing big data and other technologies, through sensors , communication network, RFID, anti-counterfeiting labels and QR codes, etc., to establish a blockchain “ID card” for food. Timely collection and uploading of agricultural product quality and safety data in all aspects of agricultural products from growth to sales. The data is irreversible and cannot be tampered with, providing consumers with timely agricultural product quality and safety traceability query services and providing effective agricultural product quality and safety supervision for enterprises and governments. Management mechanisms and tools. Help companies build brands, governments promote local economies, and consumers gain real food safety.
Blockchain smart agriculture system
A "smart agriculture" platform established with the Internet of Things information transmission and information collection equipment as the core, and supported by artificial intelligence, edge computing, and blockchain technology, carries out agricultural production stage Data transformation.
The "Agricultural Whole Industry Chain Traceability" platform deeply integrates artificial intelligence, big data analysis, and blockchain technology to carry out data transmission and security encryption.
Based on traceability and smart agricultural information, equipped with blockchain technology, it integrates the sales, wholesale and marketing of agricultural products, and establishes a "smart agricultural e-commerce" platform that integrates brand and product reputation.
Smart Agriculture IoT Traceability System
01. Blockchain IoT collection platform
Through the perception technology of the Internet of Things, traceability information is collected more intelligently and conveniently, and the information is transmitted to the blockchain to ensure that the traceability information is authentic and cannot be tampered with.
02． Agricultural traceability operation and management platform
Multi-level authority setting, integrating supervision, traceability and marketing, using one-item-one-code technology to achieve full-chain traceability and ensure food safety.
03． Scan code traceability applet/APP
Consumer scan code traceability terminal, a full-chain traceability solution that integrates traceability and marketing, can help consumers provide one-click repurchase and agricultural product tips, etc., and prevent traffic outflow , Maintain fan base.
"Blockchain + Agriculture" is increasingly favored by the outside world, precisely because there are many social problems in agriculture. The more problems, the greater the room for improvement, and the greater the application value of new technologies in the industry. big. It can help improve transaction efficiency and reduce circulation costs at both ends of production and marketing. Through supply chain finance and other methods, it can solve serious social problems such as difficulty in capital turnover of agricultural enterprises. "Blockchain + Agriculture" will reshape the trust relationship between upstream and downstream agriculture, and will surely benefit industry chain practitioners greatly.

E. How to view blockchain technology in infringement monitoringApplications in the field

Compared with traditional detection technology, blockchain detection technology has a wider detection range and faster and more agile response, which not only ensures safety but also has high economic benefits.

F. Cheers to GOC, the explorer of the public chain governance model!

Text/Fenglan Rafting

Written in front

I remember that a certain boss once proposed how to structurally grow the public chain development of blockchain. , iteration, evolution, and repair process, tokens, applications and governance are the three core elements of the public chain, and a complete governance structure design is indispensable for achieving development goals. Only when the above requirements are met, the public chain block The chain can be regarded as the real implementation.

The exploration of public chain governance has always been a top priority in the development of blockchain projects, because it, together with the incentive mechanism, is the basic mechanism to promote the development of blockchain projects. However, under the trend of thinking that the interests of human nature come first, most blockchain projects still have insufficient awareness and insufficient attention in terms of governance, making advancement difficult.

I believe everyone has a deep understanding of the many problems that exist in the governance of UGC content platforms, because most platforms now adopt the incentive distribution logic of tokens: high lock-in, high weight, high return, here Stimulated by similar mechanisms, in order to earn more Tokens, some users post irregular comments and likes in an endless stream. They enjoy the considerable dividends brought by the lack of platform governance.

“Bad writing drives out good writing”. Because of this, some UGC platforms suffer from serious consequences caused by neglect of governance design in the early stage, resulting in governance deficiencies (defects). Some platforms have also launched various governance measures to remedy the situation, but these measures obviously cannot avoid the shortcomings of a high degree of human governance. Most of the time, "man-governed" is constrained by time and space, efficiency, ability and emotion, and the governance effect is not ideal.

Regarding the future of blockchain development, how to open the road to good governance is also urgent. I remember what teacher Yunpeng said: Good governance is the ideal state and ultimate goal of governance. Good people govern themselves. Good governance, good governance, and self-governance with good intentions.

The GOC blockchain consensus governance public chain initiated by the GOC Lab community, as a pioneer explorer of public chain governance, is opening the door to good governance for the joint construction of the blockchain ecosystem.

What is GOC?

GoCLab is a community focused on the exploration and innovative practice of blockchain governance models. The GOC (Governance of Consensus) blockchain consensus governance public chain initiated by the GOC Lab community is based on EOSIO As a base, it is an experimental and research public chain used to explore on-chain governance, models and tools, aiming to create a public chain with the best global governance practices.

GOC Lab cooperates with GRAVITYPOOL and Fudan DistrictBlockchain Lab, PalletOne, EOSPEAL, MIXMARVEL, BlockGo, INTERCHAIN ​​Lab and many other outstanding projects and institutions in the blockchain field will work together to explore and practice governance models suitable for future "blockchain economies" with minimal trial and error. costs, the evolution of the optimal governance model, and maximum stimulation of ecological member participation and innovation, striving to build the most valuable "blockchain economic community" in the blockchain world.

Innovation of GOC public chain governance mechanism: GN system governance nodes

According to the white paper: At present, a large number of participants in public chain projects are short-term investors, pursuing short-term capital gains. The decisions made did not consider the long-term development of the ecosystem at all; in addition, due to the lack of a reward mechanism and the small number of tokens held by participants who made important contributions to the initial construction of the system, they gradually lost their right to speak and left the ecosystem in large numbers, resulting in short-term investment The ecological problem of people flooding in has become more and more serious. The governance system designed by GOC can solve this problem well and retain these ecologically important "aboriginal people".

How to become a system governance node (GN)?

——Voluntariness principle: System governance nodes (GN) join voluntarily, and TOKEN holders only need to lock a certain amount of GOC tokens to become a system governance node. There is no limit on the quota. Any TOKEN holder who is interested in system governance and willing to participate in public chain governance can participate and participate in governance.

——Reflecting equality: Investors who own a small amount of tokens but are willing to participate in public chain governance and make effective suggestions for public chain governance have the opportunity to participate in ecological governance construction and ensure token The holder’s right to speak.

——Avoiding concentration of power: The system governance nodes vote through the "one household, one vote" method instead of voting according to the number of tokens, which effectively avoids the loss of a small number of people due to large amounts of currency holdings. The resulting excessive concentration of power creates tendencies in ecological governance decisions and reduces the risk of participants holding large amounts of tokens controlling the system.

What can the system governance node (GN) do?

“System governance nodes” can vote and make decisions on proposals. Only voting “system governance nodes” can share the governance rewards, thus encouraging more people to actually participate in governance work. It’s not just about occupying a spot. The main work content of the system governance node includes:

- Review fund application proposals, vote for outstanding dApp projects, and use a part of the inflation tokens as funds to support the development of these projects;

——Review the materials provided by both parties to the arbitration and vote whether to support the request.

What are the sources of system governance node (GN) revenue?

The income of system governance nodes comes from inflation revenueTokens generated from profits. Part of it is used as financial support for outstanding projects in the system, that is, project fund application proposals, to promote the development of the system. Another part of the inflation income will be awarded to the system governance node GN as its voting reward. Note that only GN that has fulfilled its voting obligations are eligible for rewards.

GOC Public Chain Development Outlook

Since the launch of the GOC mainnet, it has successively entered platforms such as Lichang, and its development has been relatively slow. Perhaps the current thinking and positioning of GOC decentralized operations is a little too ahead of reality, and more patience is needed for understanding.

GOC is a decentralized organization. The GOC lab community is jointly initiated by multiple institutions (individuals). There is no concept of founder or project leader, and it advocates a decentralized management and development model. , the decentralized model adopts a decentralized model that empowers all users and amplifies users’ participation rights.

In short, GOC’s governance model has pioneered public chain governance. I believe that more discerning investors (communities) will definitely join the wave of GOC public chain construction and fully understand Understand the value and meaning behind it, and truly promote the sustainable development of public chains with ideas, vision, and real work.