利用区块链技术设计建设珠江水系联盟链,基于区块链的珠江水系联盟链

珠江水系联盟链是一种基于区块链技术的珠江水系联盟链，它旨在改善珠江流域的水资源管理，提高水质，促进经济发展，改善生态环境，改善人民的生活。珠江水系联盟链采用区块链技术，可以实现更有效的数据管理、数据共享、数据安全、数据完整性和数据可追溯性。

区块链技术是一种分布式数据存储、点对点传输、共识机制和加密技术的综合体，可以有效改善数据的安全性、可靠性和可追溯性。它可以在全球范围内分布式存储和管理大量数据，并且可以防止数据被篡改。区块链技术可以帮助珠江水系联盟链实现数据的安全性、可靠性和可追溯性，从而更好地管理珠江流域的水资源，提高水质，促进经济发展，改善生态环境，改善人民的生活。

数据管理是珠江水系联盟链非常重要的一环，它可以实现对珠江流域的水资源的有效管理。通过区块链技术，可以实现对珠江流域水资源的可靠管理，并且可以实现数据的安全性、可靠性和可追溯性。另外，珠江水系联盟链还可以实现数据的共享，使得珠江流域水资源的管理更加高效。

数据安全性是珠江水系联盟链非常重要的一环，它可以有效的保障珠江流域的水资源的安全性。珠江水系联盟链采用区块链技术，可以实现对数据的安全性，可以防止数据被篡改，从而保障珠江流域水资源的安全性。此外，珠江水系联盟链还可以实现数据的完整性，使得珠江流域水资源的管理更加有效。

『一』How does the blockchain work?

What kind of technology is the recently popular blockchain technology? Blockchain technology is considered to be the brightest star in financial technology, and it may continue to develop in the future. It has many characteristics, including the distribution of data and the trust of data. Degree and collective consensus mechanism, the most important ones are openness, transparency, anonymity and privacy, which are very distinctive features. Based on the data in these blockchains, we can derive some basic information about contemporary society.

Blockchain technology is such a secure and scientific database. It can be simply understood as an authoritative database. The basic contents in it are all true and have been verified and reviewed by others. In terms of financial technology, it will be very easy to find some desired data, which is very good for people doing business.

『二』 Summary of general concepts of blockchain

Although I am a front-end developer, it cannot stop me from gossiping about various hot topics. Below is a brief summary of some of the conceptual things learned.

1. Blockchain technology was born with Bitcoin, so first understand the concept of Bitcoin

2. What is Bitcoin

(1) , Digital currency based on distributed network

3. Operating principle of bit system

(1) All nodes will save complete ledgers

(2 ), the ledger maintains consistency

4. Blockchain accounting principles

Hash functions are widely used in blockchain technology

(1), Hash function hash: any information will get a short summary information after hashing

(2), hash characteristics: simplified information, identification information, hidden information, verification information

(3) Blockchain accounting will hash the bill information of the time node to form a block

(4) The Bitcoin system will record accounting once every 10 minutes, that is, every The time interval between block generation is about 10 minutes

(5) When recording the next bill, the hash value of the previous block and the current bill information will be hashed together as the original information

(6). Each block contains information about previous blocks, and these blocks are combined to form a blockchain

5. Bitcoin ownership - asymmetric encryption Application

The Bitcoin system uses the elliptic curve signature algorithm. The private key of the algorithm consists of 32 bytes of random numbers., the public key can be calculated through the private key. The public key undergoes a sequence of hash algorithms and encoding algorithms to obtain the Bitcoin address. The address can also be understood as a summary of the public key.

(1). Transfer is to transfer Bitcoin from one address to another

(2). The address private key is an asymmetric relationship. The private key passes through a series of (including two hashes), you can get the address, but the private key cannot be obtained from the address

(3) After the transfer is successful, it is broadcast to other nodes, and other nodes forward it to the relevant node after successful verification. Neighboring nodes, the broadcast information contains the original information and signature information

(4) Verification, other nodes verify whether the signature information is generated by the payer using the private key to sign the original transaction information. If It is recorded (then verify that there is sufficient balance)

6. How to mine Bitcoin

(1) Nodes that complete accounting can obtain a certain number of bits given by the system Coin rewards (this reward process is also the issuance process of Bitcoin, so everyone calls bookkeeping mining)

(2) Only one person can successfully bookkeeping within a period of time, so it is necessary to collect Collect the original transaction information, check whether there is a balance and correct signature

(3) In order to improve the difficulty of accounting, only one person can do accounting in about ten minutes. The hash result needs to start with several 0s, and Introduce random number variables when hashing

(4) As more miners join, the game becomes more and more difficult, the calculation difficulty increases, and the power loss increases. Domestic electricity costs are low, and China The computing power accounts for more than half of the entire network

(5). Only the fastest decrypted block in the network will be added to the ledger, and other nodes will copy it to ensure the uniqueness of the ledger. If a node cheats and causes the entire network to fail, it will be discarded and never recorded in the general ledger. Therefore all nodes will abide by the common protocol of the Bitcoin system.

[Thinking about which fields blockchain will extend to]:

From the above concepts, it can be concluded that blockchain technology has such security, uniqueness, Decentralization.

In principle, some information leakage can be avoided, allowing the confirming party to confirm your identity without exposing your real user information.

At present, blockchain technology is mainly used in Bitcoin. I think the greater significance in the future should be in areas that require data privacy and security.

[Thinking about the bottlenecks and limitations of the current development of blockchain]:

Since each node participates in the entire ledger recording activity, it is difficult toTo avoid wastage and loss of resources. As well as increasing the computational difficulty of each node, subsequent development and popularization require hardware improvements for each node.

『三』Blockchain Graduation Project Proposal

Background of the project research:

With the development of modern technology and information industry, at this stage, The fourth industrial revolution is beginning to take shape, and the world is about to enter a technological era centered on new technologies such as the Internet and artificial intelligence. At the same time, blockchain technology has emerged as the times require and has become a hot topic of concern for many international governments and industries. Blockchain technology has been regarded as the core technology with the greatest potential to trigger the fifth round of disruptive revolution after steam engines, electricity, information and Internet technology. In the past 10 years, with the strong support of the government and policies, the development situation of my country's philanthropy has been relatively optimistic. However, as the scale of charity continues to develop and expand, my country's public welfare undertakings have gradually revealed some shortcomings. The biggest problems existing in traditional public welfare undertakings are insufficient credibility, imperfect internal management of charitable organizations, and high costs. However, many Internet public welfare service companies are currently actively using the new technology of blockchain to solve this problem. Blockchain technology has the characteristics of decentralization, information traceability and non-tampering, openness and transparency, and smart contracts. It can make up for the shortcomings of traditional public welfare undertakings such as opaque information and low management efficiency. Blockchain technology will enter public welfare undertakings and will Bring new development opportunities to the charity industry.

The main content of the research: This topic mainly includes the following three aspects:

[if !supportLists] 1. [endif] Combination of blockchain technology and public welfare Problems that arise and solved.

[if !supportLists] 2. [endif] Make a public welfare query webpage based on blockchain technology

[if !supportLists] 3. [endif] The query system Application issues and explanations

Purpose of the research:

As the scale of my country’s public welfare continues to develop and expand, our shortcomings have also been exposed, including lack of credibility, and charitable organizations There is a lack of management, and the use of blockchain technology can solve this problem. This technology will track and store data and behaviors throughout the donation process, realize the complete disclosure of the public welfare chain, enable donors to effectively supervise, avoid shortcomings such as low efficiency and clear fund flows, control risks for public welfare projects, and improve Credibility and transparency of public welfare projects promote the development and progress of public welfare projects and enhance trust between people. According to the attributes and characteristics of the blockchain system, public welfare enterprises can implement full-cycle tracking, evidence storage and auditing of data and behaviors in the public welfare process, so that all parties involved in public welfare projects can conduct full-process tracking and effective supervision of the project, avoiding The shortcomings in public welfare due to artificial reduction of efficiencyThis will provide rational methods for controlling risks and judging effects for public welfare projects, enhance the transparency of public welfare undertakings, and promote public welfare development.

Significance of the project research: This project intends to develop an open and transparent system for tracking public welfare donations based on blockchain technology and combined with the actual development of public welfare undertakings in my country. Through in-depth analysis of blockchain technology and charity business, we found that blockchain technology has natural advantages in solving the problem of public welfare transparency. Blockchain technology can be understood as a distributed accounting method that can record all transaction information and ensure that it cannot be tampered with. This determines that wherever justice, fairness, and integrity are required, blockchain has great technology. Room to play. At the same time, the addition of smart contracts directly solves the business problem of earmarked funds.

Eventually, trust between citizens will be enhanced, donation channels will be accelerated, and the development of social donations will be promoted

2. Literature review (current status and development of relevant research at home and abroad Trend)

[if !supportLists] (1) [endif] Current status of foreign blockchain-related industries

China and Europe are gradually occupying the world in blockchain industry policies, and the EU is The European Blockchain Observation Forum has been established in February 2018. Its main responsibilities include: policy determination, industry-university-research linkage, cross-border BaaS

(Blockchain as a Service) service construction, standard open source formulation, etc. Investing 5 million euros in Horizon2020 as a blockchain research and development fund (before December 19, 2018), it is expected that investment in blockchain will reach 340 million euros within three years (2018-2020). In the United States, due to different policies among states, although blockchain is still a craze among American start-ups, the promotion of industrial policy has been slow. The Middle East, led by Di Pai, is leading the trend of blockchain. The government is taking the lead and enterprises are cooperating to explore new technology applications of blockchain. Japan and South Korea are also relatively active in the Asia-Pacific region. Japan is dominated by NTT and the government provides support. South Korea uses finance as an entry point to explore blockchain applications. Isism is also a constant threat to all areas of Chinese society. A comprehensive review of the development status of new media culture in major foreign developed countries, summarizing experiences, and drawing lessons have certain implications for the development of new media culture in China.

[if !supportLists] (2) [endif] Current status of domestic new media research

The State Council of China issued the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan for National Informatization", Blockchain With big data, artificial intelligence, and machine depthNew technologies such as learning have become the focus of the national layout. The People's Bank of China issued the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan for the Development of Information Technology in China's Financial Industry", which clearly proposed to actively promote research on the application of new technologies such as blockchain and artificial intelligence, and organize pilot projects for national digital currencies. In October 2017, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology released the "White Paper on China's Blockchain Technology and Application Development", which is the first official guidance document for blockchain.

Governments across the country, especially in coastal areas, have established blockchain experimental sites and research institutes. At present, the governments of Shenzhen, Hangzhou, Guangzhou, Guiyang and other places are actively establishing blockchain development zones and providing special support policies. China Guangzhou officially released 10 Guangzhou blockchain strategies in December 2017 to create a blockchain enterprise technology innovation zone in Huangpu District and Development Zone. In March 2018, the Shenzhen Municipal Economic, Trade and Information Commission issued the "Notice of the Municipal Economic, Trade and Information Commission on Organizing and Implementing the Second Batch of Support Plan for the New Generation Information Technology and Information Security Transformation of Shenzhen's Strategic Emerging Industries in 2018". The district Blockchain is on the list of support directions. This is the fifth local government in China to introduce support policies for blockchain after Guangzhou, Guiyang, and Gehangzhou.

(3) Current status of blockchain in the open source field

Hyperledger (Hyperledger)

Hyperledger (Hyperledger) is developed by the Linux Foundation The open source project to promote blockchain digital technology and transaction verification, launched in 2015, has attracted the participation of many companies including IBM, Intel, Fujitsu, UPS, Cisco, Huawei, Redhat, Oracle, Samsung, Tencent Cloud, Internet Finance, etc. Currently, There are already more than 200 member units, and Bran Behlendorf, founder of the Aache Foundation, serves as the executive director of the ledger project.

The goal of the Hyperledger project is to allow members to work together to build an open platform to meet user cases from many different industries and simplify business processes. Process Ledger has multiple blockchain platform projects, including the Fabric project contributed by BIM, the Sawtooth project contributed by Intel, and Iroha, Burrow, Indy, etc.

The development status of blockchain in the field of standards

ITU-T

ITU-T (International Telecommunication Union Standardization Organization) from 2016 to 2017 At the beginning of the year, SG16 (Study Group), SG17 and SG20 respectively launched research on the overall needs and security of distributed ledgers to attract application in the Internet of Things. Established three focus groups (Distributed Ledger Focus Group)(FG DLT), Focus Group on Data Processing and Management (FG DPM)), Focus Group on Fiat Digital Currency (FG DFC)), respectively focusing on the application and service research of blockchain and distributed ledger technology, and establishing trust based on blockchain IoT and smart city data management framework, and standardization work based on blockchain applications of digital currency. Huawei serves as the chairman of the Architecture Group of the Focus Group on Distributed Ledgers (FG DLT) and the Blockchain Group of the Focus Group on Data Processing and Management (FGDPM).

Two committees of CCSA (China Communications Standards Association) have established subgroups and projects respectively:

CCSA TC10 (Internet of Things Technical Working Committee) Established in October 2017, the Internet of Things Blockchain Subgroup: Responsible for the application research and standardization of blockchain technology in the Internet of Things and its covered areas such as smart cities, Internet of Vehicles, edge computing, Internet of Things big data, Internet of Things industry applications, logistics and intelligent manufacturing, and is led by China China Unicom technical experts serve as team leaders, and Huawei technical experts serve as deputy team leaders.

The Blockchain and Big Data Working Group under CCSA TC1 (Internet and Application Technology Working Committee) completed two blockchain industry standards: "Blockchain: Part 1 Overall Technical Requirements for Blockchain ” and “Blockchain: Part 2 Evaluation Indicators and Evaluation Methods”, in which Huawei actively participated.

JPEG

During the 78th JPEG Conference in February 2018, the JPEG Committee organized a special session on blockchain and distributed ledger technology and their impact on the JPEG standard. Meeting. Taking into account the potential impact of technologies such as blockchain and distributed ledgers on future multimedia, the committee decided to establish an ad hoc group to explore use cases and standardization needs related to blockchain technology in a multimedia environment, with a focus on imaging and multimedia applications. standardization work.

IETF

The "Decentralized Internet Infrastructure ProposedRG

(Research Group) was established at the IETF99 meeting in June 2017, planning to study the blockchain architecture. and corresponding standards. In 2018, IETF will likely pay more attention to the implementation and development of blockchain interconnection standards on blockchain.



3. Proposed research methods (programs, technical routes, etc.) and feasibility studies

This topic mainly studies the application of blockchain technology to charitable donations. Research methods adopted:

1, Use the literature method to collect relevant theories, use information retrieval, screening and other methods to collect literature materials and related theories, understand the current situation of blockchain technology, and master the blockchain decentralization technology.

2. Combine the technology with public welfare by combining theory and practice. Complete improvements to the system.

3. Use the method of comparative analysis to discuss the current development status of new media operations from both domestic and foreign aspects, as well as existing problems in the development of my country's new media operation models, and look forward to the development prospects of this technology field.

Feasibility demonstration:

1. Technical feasibility. The research goals involved in this topic already have considerable theoretical foundations at home and abroad. Through literature survey, we can learn about actual, reliable and useful information data, and the actual requirements are not difficult.

2. Economic feasibility. The research on this topic can be done by accessing literature and materials through the Internet and libraries. It is convenient and feasible and does not require a lot of economic consumption. Therefore, from an economic point of view, it is completely feasible.

3. Operational feasibility. This topic requires the combination of blockchain technology and public welfare, especially the tracing of applications in these aspects. A comprehensive analysis of the graduation project system on this topic can be achieved through the analysis of both Study literature and existing documents, use the data you collected to organize and analyze, apply what you have learned, and complete this project completely. From an operability point of view, it is completely feasible.

4. Expected results (or expected results)

1. Through research on the data, clarify the relevant concepts of blockchain technology, skillfully use dapp, and create a web page.

2. Through distributed applications, creating a system that allows the public to quickly browse and understand the public welfare process will increase convenience for the further development of my country's public welfare undertakings.

3. I hope that I can continue to learn and make progress from the process of writing this paper. Being able to master the relevant knowledge of blockchain will be helpful to your future career.

『四』Relevant meetings of the central government proposed that blockchain should be used as an important breakthrough for independent innovation of core technologies. Among the following applications, the ones related to blockchain technology are:

[Answer ]: C
In the first step, this question tests cutting-edge scientific and technological knowledge.
The second step is that digital currency is also called "virtual currency" and "cryptocurrency". Digital currency is actually a relatively broad concept. The digital currency we often talk about generally refers to virtual currencies such as clear coins that are based on blockchain technology, adopt a decentralized consensus mechanism, and use cryptography principles to ensure transaction security. The digital currency we are most familiar with is Bitcoin.
Therefore, choose option C.

『五』What are the application prospects of blockchain?

areaThe application prospects of blockchain are mainly in the financial field, Internet of Things and logistics field, public service field, digital copyright field, and insurance field.

1. Blockchain has huge potential application prospects in financial fields such as international exchange, letters of credit, equity registration and stock exchanges. The application of blockchain technology in the financial industry can eliminate the need for third-party intermediaries and achieve direct point-to-point connection.

2. Blockchain can also be naturally combined in the Internet of Things and logistics fields. This field is considered to be a promising application direction of blockchain. Establishing credit resources in the blockchain can double improve the security of transactions and improve the convenience of IoT transactions. Save time and cost for smart logistics model applications.

3. Blockchain is closely related to people’s production and life in public management, energy, transportation and other fields. The decentralized and fully distributed DNS service provided by the blockchain can realize domain name query and resolution through point-to-point data transmission services between various nodes in the network.

4. Through blockchain technology, works can be authenticated, proving the existence of text, video, audio and other works, and ensuring the authenticity and uniqueness of ownership. After the rights of the work are confirmed on the blockchain, subsequent transactions will be recorded in real time, realizing full life cycle management of digital copyright, and can also be used as a technical guarantee in judicial evidence collection.

5. In terms of insurance claims, insurance institutions are responsible for fund collection, investment, and claims settlement, and often have high management and operating costs. Through the application of smart contracts, there is no need for the policy holder to apply or the insurance company to approve it. As long as the claim settlement conditions are triggered, the insurance policy can automatically settle claims.

(5) Extended reading of subjective questions on blockchain technology from Zhujiang:

The core technology of blockchain

1 , consensus mechanism, through the voting of special nodes, completes the verification and confirmation of transactions in a very short time; for a transaction, if several nodes with unrelated interests can reach a consensus, it can be considered that the entire network can also do so. Reach a consensus. The goal of the blockchain consensus mechanism is to enable all honest nodes to maintain a consistent view of the blockchain.

2. Asymmetric encryption requires two keys for encryption and decryption. These two keys are the public key and the private key. The public key corresponds to the private key. When the public key is used in the encryption process of data, it can only be decrypted by using the corresponding private key. On the contrary, when the private key is used in encrypting the data, only the corresponding private key can be used to decrypt the data. Only the corresponding public key can be decrypted.

『Lu』 Which of the technologies used by blockchain does not include?

The technologies used by blockchain do not include big data

1. P2P network technology

In fact, before the emergence of blockchain, distributed P2P peer-to-peer network was already a very mature technology.

2. Encryption technology

In terms of encryption technology, blockchain uses an asymmetric encryption algorithm.

3. Smart Contract

The term "smart contract" was first proposed by legal scholar Nick Szabo in 1995.

4. Consensus Mechanism

In the past, we paid an extremely expensive price for trust, and blockchain will incredibly change this situation.

Blockchain is revolutionizing various ways to pay for e-commerce:

1. Faster payment processing

2. Easily process receipts and warranty vouchers< /p>

3. Self-executing smart contracts

4. Reduce handling fees

5. Prevent network attacks

What is "Qi" about? Basic knowledge of blockchain

1. Application of blockchain technology in banking industry

The biggest feature of blockchain technology is decentralization, and this feature will The banking industry reduces a lot of costs. The development of digital currency will make it possible to realize real-time digital transactions in banks. For example, in bill transactions, bank bill transactions have always relied on a third party to realize the transfer of valuable certificates. Even electronic bill transactions require interactive authentication through information from the central bank's ECDS system. . Blockchain technology can realize point-to-point transfer of value and no longer requires centralized system control. This not only speeds up the speed of ticket transfer, but more importantly, it can reduce errors caused by human factors and reduce processes. Naturally, it will reduce the bank's demand for personnel and save the bank's labor costs.

2. Application of blockchain technology in the insurance industry

Blockchain technology also has incomparable advantages in the insurance industry. From the perspective of data management, the application of blockchain technology by insurance companies can effectively improve risk management and control capabilities, including the risk supervision of insurance companies and the risk management of policyholders.

The application of blockchain technology in the insurance industry can strengthen the internal risk supervision of insurance companies. Blockchain technology can record the daily operating processes of insurance companies on nodes, and can achieve in-process control over the company's capital flow, investment status, compensation payments and other businesses, and improve the company's risk management and control capabilities.

3. Application of blockchain technology in the securities industry

The application of blockchain technology in the securities industry can increase the flexibility of securities issuance. Companies issuing securities can use smart contracts , by setting the method and time of securities issuance, securities can even be issued 24 hours a day under the most ideal condition.

4. Blockchain technology and financial infrastructure

Blockchain technology uses a decentralized mechanism for value exchange, which will lead to a modern world characterized by centralization. Some financial infrastructures have undergone earth-shaking changes.

5. Application of blockchain technology in supply chain

The application of blockchain technology in supply chain first provides credit guarantee , the flow communication of goods is recorded on the blockchain.Interest rates, etc., can prove the true reliability of goods and their circulation, thereby enabling a comprehensive evaluation of the utility of enterprises on the chain, and becoming an effective guarantee for corporate bank loan credit, financing credit, and transaction credit.