日本区块链技术,日本区块链行业太乱了!
日本区块链技术的发展可谓是一次飞跃，它是一种革命性的技术，可以帮助企业和个人实现更高效的业务流程，更安全的数据交换，以及更可靠的货币系统。然而，日本区块链行业目前仍处于混乱状态，需要更多的投资和技术改进才能达到更高的发展水平。今天，让我们一起来探讨三个相关的关键词：区块链安全、区块链技术发展、以及日本区块链行业的发展趋势。
区块链安全是日本区块链行业发展的一个重要方面，区块链安全可以防止数据泄露和欺诈行为，同时也可以保证数据安全。区块链安全的发展需要更多的技术改进，以及更多的投资。例如，可以采用数据加密技术来保护数据，同时还可以采用数字签名技术来验证数据的真实性。此外，可以采用区块链技术来建立网络安全防护系统，以防止网络攻击。
区块链技术发展是日本区块链行业发展的另一个重要方面。区块链技术的发展可以帮助企业和个人实现更高效的业务流程，更安全的数据交换，以及更可靠的货币系统。为了推动区块链技术的发展，日本政府正在推出一系列政策措施，支持企业和个人投资区块链技术，提高技术的使用率。此外，日本政府还在推动区块链技术的发展，以改善日本的经济环境。
日本区块链行业的发展趋势是日本区块链行业发展的最后一个重要方面。日本的区块链行业正在迅速发展，越来越多的企业和个人正在投资区块链技术，以实现更高效的业务流程和更安全的数据交换。随着日本政府采取更多政策措施，区块链行业的发展趋势将会更加迅速。此外，日本的区块链行业也将受到国际市场的影响，因此，日本的区块链行业发展将会更加多元化。
以上就是日本区块链技术、区块链安全、区块链技术发展以及日本区块链行业发展趋势的简要介绍。这些关键词都是日本区块链行业发展的重要方面，通过对它们的深入研究，可以帮助我们更好地了解日本区块链行业的发展趋势，以及未来发展的可能性。
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㈠ Which countries are currently leading in blockchain in the world?
At present, the countries that are leading in blockchain in the world are mainly as follows:
< br />1. United States: The United States is one of the largest blockchain markets in the world, with many blockchain start-ups and technology giants. At the same time, the U.S. government is also promoting the application of blockchain technology. For example, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has approved the first securities trading platform based on blockchain technology.
2. Singapore: Singapore is one of the leaders in the blockchain field in Asia, with a number of leading blockchain companies and research institutions. The Singapore government is also actively promoting the application of blockchain technology. For example, the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) has launched multiple blockchain projects, including blockchain-based payment systems and digital identity verification systems.
3. Switzerland: Switzerland is one of the leaders in the European blockchain field and has many blockchain start-ups and research institutions. The Swiss government is also actively promoting the application of blockchain technology. For example, the Swiss Federal Railways (SBB) has launched an electronic ticketing system based on blockchain.
4. Japan: Japan is one of the important countries in the blockchain field in Asia, with many blockchain start-ups and technology giants. The Japanese government is also actively promoting the application of blockchain technology. For example, the Japan Financial Services Agency has approved the first digital currency exchange based on blockchain technology.
5. South Korea: South Korea is one of the important countries in the blockchain field in Asia, with many blockchain start-ups and technology giants. The Korean government is also actively promoting the application of blockchain technology. For example, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism of South Korea has launched a real estate registration system based on blockchain technology.
㈡ How to correctly view blockchain technology
From a technical perspective, blockchain is likely to be a major technological revolution after the Internet. Currently, major corporate giants around the world are working hard on the research and application of blockchain technology. SAP opened a pilot version of the blockchain project in May last year. Banks in Japan and South Korea have just begun testing blockchain technology. Tencent has registered the trademarks "Ether Lock" and "Tencent Ether Lock". In April 2017, Tencent released the "Blockchain Solution White Paper" and announced that Tencent's blockchain industry solutions with independent intellectual property rights were also officially released on the official website. The network has launched the blockchain open platform "BaaS", which is a project based on blockchain technology independently developed by the network. It mainly helps enterprise alliances build their own blockchain network platforms.
Xu Weihong, chief economist of AVIC Securities, believes that the concept of blockchain has been proposed for a long time. This round of being touted by speculators in the A-share secondary market originated from Bitcoin. Hype on a global scale. Participants do not care about the technical value of the blockchain, but they care about how much profit and water they can get from the existing "seigniorage" by creating digital currency through the blockchain. some institutional investorsThey even hope to use their professional judgment and ability to control market sentiment to "cut leeks" from the large amount of blind influx of social funds. In view of the recent rise of the blockchain concept, all parties concerned must remain sober. Financial exchanges and intermediaries must stay awake and reduce unnecessary advertising to mislead small and medium-sized investors, and ordinary people must also stay awake.
㈢ How to define blockchain and what are its application scenarios
Many people now think that blockchain is a universal technology that can do anything, which is somewhat different. Blockchain technology is a myth!
Regarding the definition of blockchain technology, American scholar Melanie Swann defined blockchain technology as an open, transparent and decentralized technology in her book "Blockchain: A New Economic Blueprint and Introduction" database.
Definition of Blockchain: Narrow VS Broad
As for the application scenarios of blockchain technology, it is natural to combine the differences between blockchain and other technologies. In terms of system characteristics.
Blockchain technology features include:
Blockchain is a global A database storage system that can be operated collaboratively in various places is different from traditional database operations where read and write permissions are in the hands of a company or a centralized authority (a characteristic of centralization). Blockchain believes that anyone with the ability to set up a server can participate. Nuggets from all over the world have deployed their own servers locally and connected to the blockchain network to become a node in this distributed database storage system; once joined, the node enjoys exactly the same rights as all other nodes and obligations (decentralized, distributed characteristics).
At the same time, people who provide services on the blockchain can perform read and write operations on any node in the system. In the end, all nodes around the world will complete the process again and again according to a certain mechanism. Synchronize in sequence to achieve complete consistency of data in all nodes in the blockchain network.
At the beginning of this year, the term blockchain began to enter everyone’s lives. From national leaders to aunts who dance square dances, everyone knows this term. This term is widely known by Bit Brought by coins.
As we all know, the first few dozen bitcoins could only be exchanged for one pizza. At its peak, it was more than 20,000 US dollars each, which has skyrocketed by more than a thousand times, which has also benefited a large number of wealthy people. Currently, there are blockchain The virtual currency generated by technology is gradually entering into everyone's life, and many people have joined the ranks of currency speculation. I often hear people say that if you buy the right currency a hundred times, a bicycle will become a sports car, and one coin will turn a young model. You can imagine how many of them are involved. Attractive.
Since 2008, various games applying blockchain technology have also become popular, such as development games (Network Letts Dog, 360 Block Cat), mining games (NetEase Planet, Virtual Earth, Gongxinbao),These are attracting everyone to join in the name of blockchain, and of course there are some that are really reliable, which requires everyone to identify them carefully.
The three words "blockchain" were completely ignited during the Spring Festival that just passed, and the limelight overshadowed everything else. Some people said that this is the arrival of a new era, and the past has become classic, and others To say that everything is hype is ultimately a bubble.
In fact, blockchain technology is not a new concept. It has been applied to many industries, such as electronic signatures, as early as the past two years. Recently, the third-party electronic signature platform eShanbao revealed the latest progress of blockchain applications to NewSeed.
Currently, blockchain technology is mainly used in e-signing products for certificate deposit and certificate issuance. The application scenarios include copyright protection and online signing. , web page forensics, phone recording, email storage of evidence, etc.
Take the rights protection of online works as an example. Since online rights protection generally adopts the method of collecting evidence after the fact, real-time confirmation of rights is not carried out in the process of evidence generation, so the entire confirmation process is difficult. The copyright process is time-consuming, difficult and costly to obtain evidence, and extremely difficult to prove and trace the source. It cannot meet the characteristics of rapid dissemination and large quantity of online works.
eShanbao's new intellectual property protection solution based on timestamp + blockchain starts from the user's real-name authentication and solidifies the information generated during the real-time solidification process. Electronic data, and through the time source service synchronized with the National Time Service Center, online works are stamped with legally valid timestamps to prove that electronic files have not been tampered with in a certain period of time. Blockchain technology can establish point-to-point trust in the network, ensuring that all blockchain nodes can record complete copyright confirmation and transaction records, and can trace their origins, truly realizing anti-repudiation and anti-tampering, and realizing a kind of distribution. trust infrastructure.
Founder and CEO Jin Hongzhou believes that the application of decentralized blockchain technology has greatly improved the efficiency of data storage and certification, and The credibility of the identity of the parties reduces the cost of trust, but it cannot replace the original centralized public key encryption technology. The two should complement each other. Through the combination of the two, it can provide users with real-time and reliable Confirmation plan.
Next, e-Shanbao will also focus on building a smart contract platform based on blockchain technology. Jin Hongzhou said that data storage, Issuing certificates is only a relatively superficial application based on blockchain technology. It is the first step to implement blockchain technology, and the realization of real smart contracts is the second step. "Smart contracts cannot simply be understood as electronic contracts. They refer to a process, from the conclusion of the contract to the confirmation to the final execution.. " Jin Hongzhou explained.
Through the following limited cases, I hope everyone can understand the actual performance of blockchain technology, thereby stimulating interest in such solutions.
1. Administrative Services
The roles and responsibilities of public administration have not changed significantly over the centuries – more precisely, what has changed is the scale of data and the specific ways in which public agencies handle it. Method. Although various digital technologies already exist to help collect and process data, issues such as anonymization, portability and the immutability of large amounts of data have still not been solved.
Waves Platform Company Sasha Ivanov, founder of the Vostok project, entrepreneur and CEO, said, “What the public administration currently lacks is a more convenient user experience (UX) for data use. To improve the user experience, we should introduce a layer that acts as a trusted common environment that is transparent and can store data anonymously and immutably. ”
Governments around the world are gradually facing the existence of such problems by launching federal agency and enterprise-level programs such as the U.S. Federal Blockchain Initiative. The United States held the first federal district conference in July 2017. Blockchain Forum, and the U.S. General Services Administration currently has more than 200 related use case repositories. Ivanov explained, "Distributed systems can really help us establish such a reliable environment, improve our big data work, and even Bringing all emerging technologies together—including artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, and more. In fact, whenever we face any kind of technology, it always embodies the sum of other technologies. ”
Now, the system supported by the blockchain can actually work - this view has been unanimously recognized by all experts and has become the most important theoretical basis. In other words, next we have to What we do is to create more production-ready solutions.
2. Payment services
The government needs to process transactions, many of which involve the exchange of funds with citizens. District Blockchain technology has huge potential application value in reducing the cost of fund transfers - including using new blockchain-based cryptocurrencies as intermediate transaction carriers, or using blockchain as a means of fund transfer, etc. Once a perfect solution is found , the business opportunities contained therein will be endless - especially for those who need to conduct frequent cross-border or Internet transactions.
The Jasper project was developed by the Bank of Canada to help it further think about central banks And how other financial institutions should implement payment operations between different banks based on distributed ledgers. The Bank of Canada has also developed its own digital currency variant "CAD Coin" to test the use of a certain national currency on top of the blockchain feasibility.
This project brings an interesting conclusion, that is, we should say no to proof-of-work public chain systems. In a paper titled "Project Jasper: Is a Distributed Batch Payment System Feasible?" the author observed that "Proof-of-work systems are not suitable for such large transaction processing systems because they assume that all transactions in the system are There is a need for openness and observability to a certain extent.”
3. Digitization and intellectual property
Governments are responsible for maintaining copyright records and databases. These records prove ownership of intellectual property. A blockchain-based system would allow artists, performers and writers of all kinds to time-stamp their works and theoretically detect copyright infringements and even keep a permanent record of their rights. In fact, many governments have already taken important exploratory steps in this direction.
Iran recently announced that it will deploy this technology. "Iran Financial Tribune" quoted Morteza Mousavian as saying that "the Digital Media Department of the Ministry of Culture has reached an agreement with a blockchain company to jointly design a system that can be used to protect online copyrights." He also added that "the relevant procedures will It will soon be released to users in an easy-to-use format."
This work is still in the early exploratory stages, but it offers enterprise customers the possibility of preserving records through replication technology. From a theoretical level, companies can use blockchain solutions to conduct financial accounting and discover errors in real time.
4. Welfare distribution
The government has the responsibility to create a level playing field for citizens. Citizens who are chronically poor or economically disadvantaged certainly need government support and assistance to ensure that they are able to sustain themselves and develop. However, welfare distribution is neither simple nor often straightforward. Problems such as corruption and impersonation have been wreaking havoc on various distribution channels within government schemes.
In China, the National Council of Social Security Fund is conducting early research on how to use blockchain technology to improve the delivery of national benefits to citizens. At the same time, India is also taking action. Andhra Pradesh and Telangana are already using blockchain to support their civilian resource supply systems.
It is said that many companies, including Microsoft, are also considering using the same technology. These solutions, which will touch individual employees and functional roles, are expected to gradually appear in small businesses in the near future.
5. Bidding activities
In order to build public infrastructure or provide related services, the government hopes to achieve economies of scale and competitive gains through bidding as much as possible. However, the bidding process is often not fair or transparent. Public procurement has long been a major scene of rampant corruption around the world. Transparency International noted that “many governments will be in the absence ofAward a project contract to a certain supplier without fair competition. This allows companies with greater political resources to unfairly outcompete competitors; or companies in the same industry negotiate bids in advance to ensure that each company gets a piece of the tender pie. This will significantly increase the cost of delivering services to the public – we have found that corruption issues can increase project costs by 50%. ”
So, how can blockchain technology solve the bidding problem? According to Ivanov, “Unlike decentralized centralized systems, independent ledgers powered by blockchain will be able to improve bidding or Transparency of any other financial processes that need to be tracked. The intervention of blockchain technology will help track the use of funds and ensure that they are paid out as expected and within the allowed time. ”
Currently, Japan’s Ministry of Interior and Communications has announced a blockchain-based bidding system, which means that in industries with serious collusion problems, small and medium-sized enterprises are expected to usher in a more transparent bidding method and Brighter development prospects.
Although quite a few of the cases mentioned previously are far from finalized, they do provide many possibilities for enterprises and governments. Of course, the key lies in implementation; and we All this should also be viewed with optimism, that is, although blockchain technology is often misunderstood by people, it is and will eventually find a direction in which it can exert its own energy!
In layman's terms, blockchain is like There are more than a dozen beacon towers on the Great Wall. If an enemy comes, they will send out smoke. The other beacon towers will know about it and enter a defensive state together. In technical language, it is a distributed ledger. Each node keeps accounts separately. The failure of a single node will not affect the entire network.
How is this distributed network different from the distributed servers of Google Network? Google Network and others The distributed servers still belong to the Google network and are controlled by their central scheduling algorithm. The distributed nodes in the blockchain do not know each other and have no legal affiliation. If you want to go offline and shut down That's fine, but because of the currency rewards, there will always be people who will start up as new nodes to support this network.
After the popular and technical explanation, I hope You already understand. Then the first application scenario is finance. I put the money in Alipay. If Alipay doesn't recognize it one day, there is nothing you can do. But on the blockchain, it is useless if a node does not recognize it. Because other nodes still have my records. The second one is the contract. Nowadays, contracts are signed on paper, which is easy to forge, but it cannot be forged if it is placed on the blockchain.
There are more application scenarios. It is recommended to check the top 100 digital Huobi online to understand the corresponding projects behind them and become a blockchain expert.
Area pieceChain technology was first used in Bitcoin. Blockchain provides a reliable and trustworthy means of organizing data for cross-subject business scenarios. JD.com is essentially a supply chain company, and blockchain technology will be first used in many scenarios of the supply chain.
Blockchain is a decentralized technology. Blockchain can be applied to all products currently covered by the Internet.
The most popular application industry at present is the financial industry.
An application that has been implemented is product traceability. Alibaba and JD.com are already using blockchain technology to fully trace the origin of some of the products they sell. Consumers can trace the origin of the purchased products. There are also many blockchain applications in the digital advertising industry. Since digital advertising traffic fraud causes losses of tens of billions of dollars every year, there are already blockchain application projects based on digital advertising, such as DCAD, which is based on blockchain. The digital advertising application of blockchain technology mainly solves the problem of traffic fraud
In the future, as the application of blockchain technology becomes more mature, it will be applied in many industries, creating a new ecosystem based on technological trust. Mode
The characteristics of blockchain are distributed accounting and decentralization, but the ultimate goal is to make people get along more equally. Technology is meaningful only when it serves human values, and technology that meets human value needs will develop. Therefore, blockchain is in line with human pursuit of freedom and equality, so its trend to become mainstream is unstoppable.
Currently, there are many blockchain gimmicks, which are basically used to issue coins. The newly launched ono is a decentralized, free and global social platform. Due to decentralization, your chat communication information is peer-to-peer and cannot be viewed by others. In other words, your every word and deed will no longer be recorded and reviewed at any time like it is now on WeChat, QQ, and Facebook, freeing you from the trouble of surveillance.
In fact, blockchain technology can be used in any field. Information that previously required third-party confirmation can be completed online and confirmed at multiple nodes, making it difficult (almost impossible) to delete.
At present, blockchain is still in its infancy, and the technology is not mature enough, but it is also a better time to enter.
What is blockchain If you use non-technical terms to explain blockchain, blockchain is a place where data is stored. However, the data stored in the blockchain is safe and reliable and does not need to be managed by anyone, so In the Internet, a place where data and information are exploding, having such a place would be like a magical treasure.
If you ask what the blockchain can do, it is better to say what applications require the use of the blockchain. As mentioned earlier, blockchain is a safe place, so wherever data needs to be protected securely on the Internet, blockchain technology needs to be used. For example:
Because the use of blockchain technology can better protect policyholder data, in today’s Internet, data is value and wealth, so value protection and value transmission are the future development directions of the Internet, and blockchain technology can truly do this. .
If there are any deficiencies, you are welcome to comment and correct me.
In a narrow sense, blockchain is a chained data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is cryptographically guaranteed to be non-tamperable and non-tamperable. Fake distributed ledger.
The two parties involved in the transaction do not need to know who the other party is, nor do they need a third party for trust endorsement. They only need to trust a common algorithm to establish mutual trust and conduct direct transactions.
Its characteristics are trustlessness and decentralization. The destruction of each node's ledger has no impact on the entire blockchain. The blockchain runs point-to-point payments without a center that may cheat, and the security is greatly improved. Improved, the entire transaction network has changed from a star structure to a point-to-point P2P structure.
In the future, blockchain will be used in many fields and will have a great impact on human life. . It can be widely used in fields ranging from digital currency to securities and financial contracts, medical care, games, artificial intelligence, smart contracts, Internet of Things, e-commerce, file storage and other fields.
1. Cloud storage
This is the statistics of current cloud storage on the Internet. In terms of volume, Google has the largest volume, which is 8,000PB. So what if we share the idle data on the Internet?
Starlight Cloud builds a blockchain data computing and storage lake through Starlight Chain, with a total storage capacity of 15,000P (approximately 15.72864 billion G) in the future. This will be more than 10 times that of Alibaba Cloud's 1500PB! It is also more than four times the size of the Taizhou Storage Center, the largest storage lake in the world after expansion.
2. Medical aspects
Using blockchain technology to save personal medical records also retains personal medical historical data, which can be used when seeing a doctor or planning for your own health in the future. Historical data can be called directly. These data are highly private, and the use of blockchain technology also helps protect patient privacy.
㈣ Which country has the best blockchain development? Is there any comparability among domestic countries?
Australia, Japan, and Canada The country is considered to be developing quite well. For example, in Japan, even the government has begun to apply blockchain technology. Some of their government affairs, such as government bidding, are completed on the blockchain platform. Domestic high-quality blockchain government affairs platforms also include high-quality application platforms such as the blockchain rental platform in Xiongan New District, Hebei, the blockchain government affairs platform in Chongqing, and the SMIC blockchain public service platform in Changsha, Hunan.Wait, it can be considered a good job and has a landing effect.
㈤ What is blockchain
What is blockchain? What changes will it bring to your future life?
Blockchain is a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm.
Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database. At the same time, as the underlying technology of Bitcoin, it is a series of cryptographic methods related to each other. Each data block generated contains a batch of Bitcoin network transaction information, which is used to verify the validity of the information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block.
In fact, the original English version of the Bitcoin white paper does not appear in the word blockchain, but uses chain of blocks. In the earliest Chinese translation of the Bitcoin white paper, chain of blocks was translated into blockchain. This is the earliest time when the Chinese word "blockchain" appeared.
The Cyberspace Administration of China issued the "Blockchain Information Service Management Regulations" on January 10, 2019, which will come into effect on February 15, 2019.
In a narrow sense, blockchain is a chain data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is cryptographically guaranteed to be non-tamperable and non-transformable. Fake distributed ledger.
So in conclusion, this is undoubtedly a new technology that changes life. In the future, the production activities of the entire society will be carried out with blockchain as the underlying logic. Many things We all have it at our fingertips, and with the integration of artificial intelligence and big data, we can easily handle things that may seem cumbersome now, such as some securities market transactions and intelligent matching of financial management activities.
To put it simply, blockchain is a network computing center that integrates people, property, machines, and goods, and packages them into a whole; putting it on an infrastructure to run.
㈥ Calculating the Cardano blockchain’s ADA currency in terms of market value, industry insiders call it “Japanese Ethereum”
Why does everyone call ADA “Japanese Ethereum” "Woolen cloth? ADA is often called Japan's EtheraADA because its founder was the core figure of the Ethera development team. The website displays 5 top journal papers on ADA's key system architecture and protocols. With the support of three companies and more than a dozen technical teams, Japanese investors accounted for nearly 90% of ADA's crowdfunding, and it was called "Japanese Ethereum".
In terms of technology: The code upgrade speed of this project of Smano is very fast, not only in the academic field, but also in the design to meet the needs of commercial development. Apart from thisIn addition, OKEX is a POS algorithm proposed by the academic community for the first time in the industrial field that can prove its safety and robustness. Although not many details of the current project have been announced, it can be understood. No one thinks that North Korea revealed too much when it detonated a nuclear weapon.
Marketing level: Japanese Ethereum is famous, but because current experts and scholars are unwilling to make money, marketing is difficult and it cannot be widely promoted around the world.
Business Department: Today I have purchased the largest number of ADAs, accounting for about 90% of the total market value of ADA. Let’s discuss the total market value.
Do you know? And 90% of Japanese people put it far ahead in the world's value rankings. Nowadays, a large amount of funds are allocated to the Chinese market. It is imagined that when the world starts to invest in Chinese companies, it is very likely that ADA Coin will enter the top three. The investment volume of ADA has reached 45 billion U.S. dollars. The huge amount limits the development potential of ADA currency. However, as a long-term investment, we do not need to pursue a thousand times. Stable profits are the most important thing. In terms of enterprise market price, the volume of red pomelo is also very large, and the current price is more than 20 yuan. Therefore, I think it is only a matter of time before Cardano reaches $5 or even $20. If Adacoin technology makes significant achievements and truly replaces Ethereum, an increase of 10 yuan is also possible. In the long term, the market value of the virtual currency market is also continuing to increase. Therefore, the space for rising face value will expand along with the increase in the total market value.
The technology, ideas and idealism inside are all real, and are substantially different from some fraudulent projects that are promoted and planned to be sold out. The leaders also have a stronger ideological level. If you do master ada, I'm sure you have no reason to hate this project. This is the gold in the dust of the market.
##bitcoin[超话]# #digital currency#
㈦ What is the future prospect of the blockchain industry
Main enterprises in the industry: Tian Zhou Culture (300148), Meiya Pico (000607), Hua Media Holdings (300188), Digital Video (300079), Jinyun Laser (300220), Nantian Information (000948), Borui Communication (600880), Annie Shares (002235) )
The core data of this article: global blockchain market size, regional distribution of global blockchain investment and financing events
The scale of the global blockchain industry is growing rapidly, and application scenarios continue to expand
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According to IDC data, the global blockchain market will show steady growth in 2020, reaching US$4.31 billion. Affected by the new round of regulatory policies on the blockchain industry in European and American countries, the growth rate of the global blockchain market has declined compared with 2019, reaching 53.97%, and is expected to reach US$14.533 billion in 2023.
Equity investment events account for nearly 93%
In 2021, a total of 1,786 investments and financings occurred in the global blockchain. Among them, there were 1,659 equity investments, accounting for nearly 93% of the total investment and financing. In addition, there were a total of 64 mergers and acquisitions, 13 listings and 50 token financings.
Equity investments in the Americas, Europe and Asia are the most active
Judging from the regional distribution of the number of equity investment events, the Americas have the largest number of blockchain equity investments, with a total of 542 in 2021. Pens, accounting for 33%. Followed by Asia and Europe, accounting for 18% and 15% respectively, there is not much difference. Overall, the number of equity investments in the three continents of the United States, Europe and Asia accounts for more than 65% of the global blockchain investment and financing.
From the perspective of amount distribution, the amount of blockchain equity investment in the Americas in 2021 reached 128.975 billion yuan, accounting for more than 50%, reaching 56%. In terms of equity investment amount, Europe overtook Asia, accounting for 24% of the investment amount, which was double that of Asia (12%).
The United States "far surpasses Tongji"
At the national level, the United States ranks first with 484 equity investments and a total investment amount of 116.773 billion yuan. Far exceeding the second-placed China with 97 investments and 11.285 billion yuan, Singapore and the UK ranked third and fourth with 91 investments and 88 investments respectively. In addition, the number of equity investments in other countries is less than 50.
The above data refers to the "China Blockchain Industry Market Foresight and Investment Strategic Planning Analysis Report" by the Qianzhan Industry Research Institute.
㈧ The "digital" reform of Japan's new cabinet will start with the seal culture and pave the way for the blockchain
The Japanese are world-famous for their red tape, and the seal culture may Make a note. In Japanese life, whenever you sign a contract, do errands, go to school, get married and other important life occasions, or even ask for leave from your boss, you must use your personal seal or the company's seal instead of your signature. In Japanese, a seal is called "Inkan" or "Hanko". For Japanese people, they should always prepare three or five seals for different purposes, which are important documents to prove their identity.
Although Japan has been a leading country in technology and digitalization for more than half a century, leading many innovations in games and robots, its trust in the traditional seal culture remains unwavering.
But as the coronavirus continues to wreak havoc on economic markets and redefine the norms of social distancing, Suga’s new cabinet is also taking advantage of the trend to promote digital reform.
On September 24, Japan’s Minister of Administrative Reform Taro Kono issued a “seal prohibition order” to the Cabinet Office and all central ministries and departments, requiring that the use of seals be abolished in principle in all administrative procedures. If there are a few occasions where it is necessary to use a sealAppropriate reasons should be submitted within this month. He also said he would cancel faxes next.
Taro Kono appealed, "Why do we need printing paper? In many cases, it is simply because of the need for an official seal. Therefore, if we can stop this culture, there will naturally be no need for printing and faxing ."
Research shows that 46.7% of Japanese employees have the chore of making a special trip back to the office to get stamped during the coronavirus outbreak. It can even be said that seal culture is one of the most important factors in Japan’s failure to transform into a remote work economy.
In this regard, Yuzo Kano, co-founder of Japanese crypto exchange bitFlyer and CEO of bitfly blockchain, explained: "I do think it is a strange thing to risk your life to use a seal. Now it is It is a good time for Japanese society to rethink whether our society really needs seals. So, what other options are there? ”
Of course, the Japanese government’s promotion of the digitization of contracts and seals has been brewing for some time. A March 2020 survey conducted by JIPDEC and ITR, a non-profit organization and research firm, found that only about 40% of Japanese companies have begun to digitize contracts, and that smaller private companies are more active in promoting digitization.
In contrast, as Seichi Monta points out in China and Japanese, throughout history, seals conveyed " Trust in character.”
In China, seals are a symbol of authority. In the late Han Dynasty, people wore seal badges around their waists to show their status. In 868 AD, when many Japanese began to use seals privately, the government at that time defined the role of seals in this way:
The purpose of using seals is to gain trust and eliminate suspicion of bad behavior publicly or privately.
Taking the International Military Tribunal for the Far East (Tokyo Trial) in Japan after World War II as an example, the importance of seals to Japanese culture can be illustrated.
Puyi was the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty and became Japan's puppet emperor of Manchukuo from 1932 to 1945. He testified at the trial about Japan's responsibility for war crimes.
One of the evidentiary issues was determined by Major General Blakeney, the legal adviser to the U.S. Department of Defense, as to whether Puyi wrote the preface to his personal teacher Johnston's memoir "Twilight in the Forbidden City." Puyi said he had never seen the book before and insisted that someone else had written it. However, Puyi's two seals were stamped there.
In the end, "Twilight in the Forbidden City" was not admitted into evidence at the trial. According to Monta, the Japanese attributed the existence of these two marks toitself, interpreted as evidence of the author's involvement, which is common sense. Monta concluded that Blakeney simply failed to understand the significance of the seal in Japanese culture.
There are two types of seals commonly used in Japan: private seals and registered seals. Private seals can be purchased at 100-yen discount stores everywhere. They can be used without registration and are easily forged. The registered seal must be certified by the local government. Important contracts such as purchasing a house require a registration seal.
In recent years, major banks in Japan have begun to launch services that do not require a seal. Including Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation's full adoption of digital signature authentication systems in 2018. Customers can digitally register their signatures, which include data on the strength and order of their signature strokes. This data is used to confirm identity, eliminating the need to carry a seal with you for procedures such as opening a bank account.
The more radical technology giants advocate the use of distributed ledger technology, that is, blockchain applications to replace seals.
But Blockhive founder Hikaru Kusaka explained that blockchain can be used to create trust without relying on a specific central entity. "A digital signature with a digital identity can ensure the security of a personal identity, which is something that a seal cannot do. Even a registered seal can only go so far."
Moreover, the seal itself cannot Proof that the person using the seal is the owner. It's like having a key to a house; holding a key is different than proving ownership of a home. A CEO might give her seal to her sales team, who might use the CEO's seal to sign contracts.
In contrast, digital signatures and identities using cryptography can prove the identity of the signer and even prove ownership through the use of a private key. In Estonia, people already sign documents and contracts digitally using private keys.
Kusaka Hikaru emphasized, "Blockchain guarantees that nothing can be deleted. It is tamper-proof and can prove the truth in legal actions."
Of course, consider The Japanese seal has been a symbol of trust for centuries. If the blockchain is to successfully replace the seal, except for the promotion of crises such as the COVID-19 epidemic, it may not be enough, even at the level of private, unregistered contracts. There are still problems with the user interface and cultural aspects.
In an aging society like Japan, it is not easy to promote public acceptance of the ever-changing blockchain technology and build trust in new technologies. In addition, Japanese people are often very proud of their "craftsman culture". Eliminating seals will not only change the user experience, but for many people may give up their connection with Japanese history.
In the eyes of the outside world, fax machines and official seals of Japanese companies can be said to be symbols of the traditional and conservative culture of Japanese companies.
A study by the Japanese government last yearThe study found that nearly every Japanese company and one-third of Japanese households still use fax machines - a technology that began in the 1980s - in large part for communication purposes.
However, after more than half a year of remote working during the epidemic, more and more Japanese have discovered that the annoying crowded commute, the rigid office political atmosphere, and the inefficiency of old-school organizations, Everything will change one by one.
China or South Korea, which are both East Asian cultures, have gone further in promoting social innovation in the digital era. Whether it is seal or fax machine culture, they will become a thing of the past; and blockchain, will it Therefore, it has become an innovation battlefield for Japanese “craftsmen”?
Which country’s currency is pat?
It is Japanese. Patron, one of Japan’s leading blockchain companies, has raised $40 million in crowdfunding. Sponsorship was initiated by the influential Jun Hisami. Its strategic partnerships and strong advisory board of blockchain experts and industry leaders have attracted international attention.
Extended information: The specific functions of blockchain in the financial field include:
1. Digital currency. Compared with traditional banknotes, the issuance of digital currency can effectively reduce the cost of currency issuance and circulation and improve the convenience and transparency of economic transactions. In the past five years, all countries have been promoting digital currency, and the central bank is about to release a central bank digital currency.
2. Securities trading. The traditional securitization process is complex and lengthy, mixed with human control factors. Blockchain can eliminate many intermediate links in securities issuance, avoid manipulation that often occurs in traditional securities markets, and reduce the costs of issuance, tracking and trading of encrypted securities. Payment and Clearing. Financial institutions use blockchain technology to build universal distributed protocols to provide access banks with cross-border, real-time payment and clearing services in any currency, making cross-border payments more convenient, efficient and low-cost.
3. In addition to the financial field, blockchain also has a profound and widespread impact in the technical field. The 2018 China Blockchain Industry White Paper released by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology in 2018 listed 13 applications such as product traceability, copyright protection, and e-government. The following mainly introduces the technical role of blockchain from below.
4. Evidence storage. Blockchain can link multiple subjects, efficiently display all information, and solve the "evidence storage" problem. For example, in terms of copyright protection, blockchain links original platforms, copyright bureaus, judicial authorities and other parties to provide various electronic evidence, which can quickly identify the original author and effectively resolve copyright disputes.
5. For example, in terms of traceability, taking vaccines as an example, blockchain links processing plants, logistics systems, sellers and consumers, recording the entire process of vaccine production, processing, transportation, sales and injection. Patients can only take the injection after understanding all the information about the vaccine and ensuring that the vaccine is safe; for example, in voting, if the voting data is deployed on the blockchain, the data on who voted for whom and how many votes were cast is open and transparent, cannot be tampered with, avoid black box operations, and ensure fairness and justice.
