区块链软件运作流程,区块链软件运作过程

区块链软件是一种分布式账本技术，它可以用来存储、管理和共享数据的一种新技术。它的运作流程可以分为三个关键步骤：交易、确认和共识。本文将深入探讨这三个关键步骤，以便更好地理解区块链软件的运作流程。

交易是区块链软件运作的第一步，它涉及到数据的发送和接收。在这一步中，用户可以通过区块链软件发送和接收数据，如货币、智能合约等。这一步的实现需要比特币矿工，即参与者，来支持区块链网络的运行。矿工将收到费用以激励他们确认交易，从而使数据在网络中流通。

确认是区块链软件运作的第二步，它涉及到数据的验证和确认。在这一步中，比特币矿工会对区块链网络中的交易进行验证，以确保交易的完整性和真实性。矿工会使用特定的计算机程序来完成这一步，以确保交易是安全的。如果矿工能够将交易确认为有效的，则会将其记录在区块链账本中。

共识是区块链软件运作的第三步，它涉及到数据的共享和安全确认。在这一步中，所有参与者都会对区块链网络中的数据进行共享，以确保数据的一致性和安全性。所有参与者都会对网络中的数据进行验证，以确保数据的完整性和真实性。如果参与者能够达成共识，则会将数据记录在区块链账本中，以便其他参与者可以访问和使用。

以上就是区块链软件运作流程的三个关键步骤：交易、确认和共识。每一步都是至关重要的，因为它们共同构成了区块链软件的核心技术。因此，对于想要了解区块链软件如何运作的人来说，理解这三个关键步骤是至关重要的。

A. Blockchain trading software

Blockchain trading software is a trading platform for digital currency enthusiasts and digital currency investors. , then we can look at the following aspects of selling potatoes

Legally speaking, after the country promulgated the "September Fourth" ban, it clearly prohibited domestic platforms from providing digital currency trading platforms. Moreover, digital currency is essentially a virtual asset, and it is difficult to clearly define its value legally. (Generally speaking, the price of digital currency will be affected by a variety of factors.) Its value The value is floating

From the essence of the blockchain, the blockchain is actually a decentralized public ledger. Each user in the ledger can be regarded as a member of the blockchain. Nodes, the fundamental task of these nodes is to maintain the stability of this blockchain ledger and maintain consistency in the ledger data on each node.

From a security perspective, blockchain trading platforms are all in the form of software or websites and are vulnerable to network attacks to a certain extent.

To sum up, there is instability in the blockchain trading platform.

B. How to apply blockchain

1. Jinxunque logistics field:

Blockchain is used in international exchange, letters of credit, and equity registration It has potential huge application value in financial fields such as stock exchanges and stock exchanges. The application of blockchain technology in the financial industry can eliminate the need for third-party intermediaries and achieve direct point-to-point connection, thereby greatly reducing costs and quickly completing transaction payments.

2. Internet of Things and logistics fields:

Blockchain can also be naturally combined in the fields of Internet of Things and logistics. Through blockchain, logistics costs can be reduced, the production and delivery process of items can be traced, and the efficiency of supply chain management can be improved. This field is considered a promising application direction of blockchain.

3. Public service field:

Blockchain is closely related to people’s production and life in public management, energy, transportation and other fields, but the centralized characteristics of these fields are also It has brought about some problems that can be transformed using blockchain. The decentralized, fully distributed DNS service provided by the blockchain can realize domain name query and resolution through point-to-point data transmission services between various nodes in the network, and can be used to ensure that the operating system and firmware of an important infrastructure are not Tampered, you can monitor the status and integrity of the software, detect bad tampering, and ensure that the data transmitted by systems using IoT technology has not been tampered with.

4. Digital copyright field:

Through blockchain technology, works can be authenticated, prove the existence of text, video, audio and other works, and ensure the ownership of works. Authenticity and uniqueness. After the work is confirmed on the blockchain, subsequent transactions willReal-time recording will be carried out to realize the full life cycle management of digital copyright, and can also be used as a technical guarantee in judicial evidence collection. For example, MineLabs, a startup company in New York, USA, has developed a blockchain-based metadata protocol. This system called Mediachain uses the IPFS file system to realize copyright protection of digital works, mainly for copyright protection applications of digital pictures.

5. Insurance field:

In terms of insurance claims, insurance institutions are responsible for fund collection, investment, and claims settlement, and often have high management and operating costs. Through the application of smart contracts, there is no need for the policy holder to apply or the insurance company to approve it. As long as the claim settlement conditions are triggered, the insurance policy can automatically settle claims. A typical application case is LenderBot, which was launched in 2016 by the blockchain company Stratumn, Deloitte and the payment service provider Lemonway. It allows people to register for customized micro-insurance products through the chat function of Facebook Messenger, which is exchanged between individuals. High-value items are insured, and blockchain replaces the third-party role in loan contracts.

6. Public welfare field:

The data stored on the blockchain is highly reliable and cannot be tampered with, so it is naturally suitable for use in social welfare scenarios. Relevant information in the public welfare process, such as donation projects, fundraising details, fund flows, recipient feedback, etc., can be stored on the blockchain, and can be transparently and publicly disclosed conditionally to facilitate social supervision.

C. Please briefly talk about blockchain! Thank you

The simplest explanation of blockchain The most understandable meaning of blockchain
Blockchain is being used more and more widely and will play a major role. Blockchain is It has become the forefront of global technology development, and together with artificial intelligence, quantum information, mobile communications, and the Internet of Things, it is listed as a representative of the new generation of information technology.
Blockchain is a database shared across computer networks. Once a record is added to the data chain, it is difficult to change. To ensure that all copies of the database are identical, the network is constantly checking.
Blockchain Database
As we all know, data can be any information, such as transaction information. This data information can be bundled together into an interoperable data block. These data blocks can be composed one after another to form an interoperable data link. The basic part of the blockchain database is shown in the figure below:
How the blockchain operates
We take an online transaction as an example to explain the operation and steps of incorporating this transaction into the blockchain:
First Step: Record the transaction. Suppose Zhang San sells an item to Li Si online and completes an online transaction. This record data lists detailed transaction information, including digital signatures from all parties.
Step 2: The transaction record is checked through the network. Computations called "nodes" in a networkThe machine checks the details of the transaction to ensure that the transaction is correct and valid.
Step 3: Records accepted by the network check are added to the data block. Each data block contains a unique code. It also contains the unique code of the previous data block in the data chain.
Step 4: The data block is added to the data blockchain. Unique codes connect blocks of data together in a specific order.

D. What are the characteristics and operating mechanisms of blockchain?

Blockchain is a shared distributed database technology. Although the one-sentence introduction to blockchain is worded differently in different reports, the following four technical features are consistent. x0dx0a1. Decentralized: The left side of Figure 1 describes the centralized characteristics of today’s financial system, and the right side describes the emerging decentralized financial system, which has no intermediaries and the rights and obligations of all nodes. Equally, if any node stops working, it will not affect the overall operation of the system; Within the rules and time range, nodes cannot deceive each other; x0dx0a3. Collectively Maintain: The system is jointly maintained by all nodes with maintenance functions, and everyone in the system participates in the maintenance work; x0dx0a4. Reliable database (Reliable Database): Each node in the system has the latest complete database copy. Modifying the database of a single node is invalid because the system will automatically compare and consider the same data record that appears the most times to be true. x0dx0aThe blockchains of projects such as Bitcoin, Ethereum, and DECENT all have these characteristics.

E. Can anyone tell me how blockchain games work? Describe blockchain games in the most concise and clear language.

Blockchain games mainly refer to game-type blockchain applications in Dapps, which require a certain degree of interaction with various public blockchain chains. Blockchain games have gradually emerged since November 2017, and their development history is extremely short. Compared with mature games, the current gameplay is also quite simple. In the eyes of industry insiders, many games are even just money trays wrapped in game garb.
According to the classification of Cryptogames, among the currently online blockchain games, hot potato, collection trading, spinach and ponzi are the main game methods. The largest number of games belong to the hot potato category, including two recent popular games of this type - CryptoCelebrities (encrypted celebrities) and CryptoCountries (encrypted world). There are 35 models in the collection and transaction category, ranking second, with the main representative being CryptoKitties.There are 17 models in the spinach and ponzi category, ranking third. The star products are EtherRoll and Etheremon respectively.
The themes used in blockchain games are also diverse, ranging from cats, dogs, dragons, pigs and other animals, to people, cars, countries, teams and other themes.
Blockchain game 1.0 era
Time: November to December 2017
Main gameplay: collection + transaction
Representative works: CryptoKitties, CryptoPunks
Blockchain technology Give players’ digital assets uniqueness. This gradually gave rise to the concept of NFT (non-fungible tokens, non-fungible tokens). The uniqueness and scarcity of people's assets in blockchain games will not change with the game itself. The first to apply this concept was CryptoPunks launched by LarvaLabs in June 2017. The system randomly generates 10,000 punk avatars, puts them on Ethereum through smart contracts, and distributes them to players for free for players to trade.
When Axiom Zen studio added attributes, reproduction and auction functions on the basis of NFT, Cryptokitties was born. People can buy kittens with different attributes, "breed" them with other cats, or sell their own cats through a Dutch auction. Kittens with rare and unique genes are highly sought after and fetch considerable premiums.
People continued to develop on the basis of Cryptokitties, adding accessories and combat functions, as well as gameplay methods such as digging for gold, feeding, and grabbing treasures.
Blockchain Game 2.0 Era
Time: December 2017 to January 2018
Main gameplay: Ponzi-like
Masterpiece: Etheremon
At the beginning, Etheremon The gameplay is very simple and crude at the beginning. After the player buys a certain pet, as long as someone buys the same pet later, the player can get a small part of the eth reward. The game team quickly made a profit of about 2,000 ETH within a week. Then the gameplay was completely changed and successfully transformed into a collection + combat game. This Ponzi-like gameplay was quickly imitated by other manufacturers, and many imitators such as ether cars and ethertanks appeared.
Blockchain Game 3.0 Era
Time: January 2018
Main gameplay: hot potato mode with fixed selling price and forced price increase
Representative works: CryptoCelebrities, CryptoCountries
Players buy crypto celebrities (Satoshi Nakamoto, Musk, etc.) and crypto countries (Japan, the United States, etc.). Due to the uniqueness of the asset, subsequent players can only purchase it from the asset owner at a higher price, and the price is forced to increase. , the platform earns oneSplit the difference. Currently, the country with the highest price is Japan, which is about more than 700 ETH. The most expensive celebrity is Elon Musk, who is "worth" about 200 ETH.
Blockchain Game 4.0 Era
Time: February 2018
Main gameplay: combination of multiple mechanisms
Representative works: World.Mycollect, Cryptocities
Adopted in the game Multi-level sales and sharing, player exploration (randomness), lottery, resource uniqueness and other gameplay methods. For example, in Cryptocities, players can purchase countries, continents, and worlds to “conquer.” Players who conquer the world can get 1% tax on the continent and country's transaction volume, and players who conquer the continent can get 1% tax on the country's transaction volume. Players who conquer a country will receive 1% tax on the transaction volume of their subordinate cities in the future. When players explore new cities, they have a chance to discover gems. Obtaining gems can earn ETH rewards.
At the same time, spinach games also emerged. The high transparency of blockchains makes it easier for them to gain the trust of investors. The more famous ones are Etheroll and Vdice. The gameplay is simple and crude. Players spend a certain amount of ETH to bet on a certain number. When the number randomly generated by the system is smaller than the number, they can get profits.
In addition, there are RPG (EtherCraft), fighting games (Etherbots) and two-dimensional (Ether Cute King), etc.
2
Advantages and Disadvantages of Blockchain Games
Looking at these successful cases, we find that blockchain games do have unique advantages:
Higher trust: Trust is quickly established through open source contracts, the usage process is completely transparent, and the information is completely symmetrical. Fairness: The data cannot be tampered with and the rules never change. Assets belong to the players personally: Player assets will not be lost as the game declines. Has strong community attributes: The blockchain itself has strong transaction and community attributes.
Of course, the current blockchain game is also in its infancy, with obvious shortcomings:
Inability to interact in time: blockchain transactions have uncertain waiting times and the possibility of congestion, making it difficult to win among players. timely interaction. The cost of sending instructions is high: each time you send an instruction, you need to consume GAS, and the price of ETH still makes the GAS fee relatively high. Immature development environment: At present, Ethereum’s virtual machine and programming language Solidity are already the most mature development environments among many public chains. But it is still very immature compared to other popular languages.
3
Gamification will boost the implementation of blockchain
In traditional desktop online games, manufacturers continue to incentivize new players, leading to inflation. The actual value of all assets in a game account is often Far less than the player's investment. After the emergence of mobile games, the model of binding items to accounts and accounts to ID cards quickly became popular.. This also makes it necessary for players to give up all virtual assets in the game once they decide to leave a game. The emergence and continuous maturity of blockchain technology will make the decentralized formulation of game rules and the decentralized storage of virtual assets technically feasible. The convenience of putting virtual assets on the chain also makes it easier to implement blockchain in game scenarios.
Cryptogames believes that the development direction of blockchain games, or the development direction of classic games (just like basketball, football and chess, once the rules are determined, they will last forever) must be "decentralization" ":
The rules are negotiated and determined by the players. Players supervise each other to ensure that the game is played according to the rules. All props used in the game are owned by each player. Anyone who breaks the rules or is not happy with the game can just leave the game itself. There is a centralized organizer
The popularity of CryptoKitties has greatly promoted private wallets. As an early blockchain application, blockchain games have rapidly promoted the popularity of blockchain. Similarly, using game development experience and game design concepts to develop

F. What are the 7 core technologies of blockchain operation that you should know?

7 of blockchain operations How many core technologies do you know?
1. Blockchain links
As the name suggests, blockchain is a chain composed of blocks. Each block is divided into two parts: block header and block body (including transaction data). The block header includes the hash (PrevHash) value (also called hash value) of the previous block used to implement block linking and the random number (nonce) used to calculate the mining difficulty. The hash value of the previous block is actually the hash value of the header of the previous block, and the rules for calculating random numbers determine which miner can obtain the power to record the block.
2. Consensus Mechanism
Blockchain was born with Bitcoin and is the basic technical architecture of Bitcoin. Blockchain can be understood as a decentralized accounting system based on the Internet. A decentralized digital currency system like Bitcoin requires blockchain to ensure the consistency of accounting by each honest node without a central node. Therefore, the core of blockchain technology is a consensus mechanism that reaches a consensus on the legality of transactions among individuals who have no basis for trust in each other without central control.
There are currently four main categories of blockchain consensus mechanisms: PoW, PoS, DPoS, and distributed consensus algorithms.
3. Unlocking scripts
Scripts are an important technology for automatic verification and automatic execution of contracts on the blockchain. Each output of each transaction does not strictly point to an address, but to a script. A script is like a set of rules that govern how the recipient can spend the assets locked on this output.
The legality verification of transactions also relies on scripts. Currently it relies on two types of scripts: locking scripts and unlocking scripts. The lock script is a condition added to the output transaction. It is implemented through a script language and is located at the output of the transaction.. The unlocking script corresponds to the locking script. Only if the conditions required by the locking script are met, the corresponding assets on this script can be spent, which is located at the input of the transaction. Many flexible items can be expressed through scripting language. The interpretation script is similar to a "virtual machine" in our programming field, which is distributed and runs on every node in the blockchain network.
4. Transaction Rules
Blockchain transactions are the basic units that constitute blocks, and are also the actual effective content that the blockchain is responsible for recording. A blockchain transaction can be a transfer or other transactions such as the deployment of smart contracts.
In the case of Bitcoin, a transaction refers to a payment transfer. The trading rules are as follows:
1) The input and output of the transaction cannot be empty.
2) For each input of the transaction, if its corresponding UTXO output can be found in the current transaction pool, the transaction will be rejected. Because the current transaction pool is a transaction that has not been recorded in the blockchain, and each input of the transaction should come from a confirmed UTXO. If found in the current transaction pool, it is a double spend transaction.
3) For each input in the transaction, its corresponding output must be UTXO.
4) Each input unlocking script must work with the corresponding output locking script to verify the compliance of the transaction.
5. Transaction Priority
The priority of blockchain transactions is determined by the blockchain protocol rules. For Bitcoin, the priority of a transaction being included in a block is determined by the time it takes for the transaction to be broadcast to the network and the size of the transaction. As the time it takes for a transaction to be broadcast to the network increases and the chain age of the transaction increases, the priority of the transaction is increased and will eventually be included in the block. For Ethereum, the priority of a transaction is also related to the transaction fee that the publisher of the transaction is willing to pay. The higher the transaction fee that the publisher is willing to pay, the higher the priority of the transaction being included in the block.
6.Merkle proof
The original application of Merkle proof is the Bitcoin system (Bitcoin), which was described and created by Satoshi Nakamoto in 2009. The Bitcoin blockchain uses Merkle proofs in order to store transactions in every block. This makes the transaction unable to be tampered with and makes it easy to verify whether the transaction is included in a specific block.
7.RLP
RLP (Recursive Length Prefix, recursive length prefix encoding) is a main encoding method for object serialization in Ethereum. Its purpose is to encode any nested sequence of binary virtual data. Lu Ji

G. What is blockchain and what is the operating model of blockchain

Blockchain is sometimes called distributed ledger technology. Using decentralization and encrypted hashing, the history of any digital asset cannot be changed and is very transparent without any concealment.It can be said. Blockchain operates to allow people to share valuable data in a secure, tamper-proof manner. The most classic ones are the three important concepts of blockchain in the MIT Technology Review.

If you want to fully share public information with everyone, you must rely on the blockchain to maintain integrity and build trust among users.