区块链应用的局限性有哪些,区块链应用的局限是什么
随着区块链技术的发展，区块链应用也越来越受到关注。但是，区块链应用也有一定的局限性，比如安全性、可扩展性、合规性等等。今天，我们就来聊聊区块链应用的局限性及其相关的拓展关键词：安全性、可扩展性、合规性。
安全性安全性是区块链应用的关键，也是区块链应用的局限性之一。由于区块链的去中心化特性，区块链网络存在被攻击的风险，比如51%攻击、拒绝服务攻击、资产抢夺攻击等。因此，要提升区块链应用的安全性，需要采取一系列有效的措施，比如改进网络结构、增加节点数量、实施多签名等。
可扩展性可扩展性是区块链应用的另一个局限性。现有的区块链系统，比如比特币和以太坊，每秒只能处理几笔交易，远远不能满足实际应用的需求。因此，要提高区块链的可扩展性，需要采取一系列有效的技术措施，比如采用分片技术、改进共识算法等。
合规性合规性是区块链应用的另一个局限性。由于区块链技术的特性，区块链应用往往存在一定的合规风险，比如可能导致数据泄露、欺诈行为等。因此，要提高区块链应用的合规性，需要采取一系列有效的技术措施，比如采用可信的认证技术、实施安全监管等。
总之，安全性、可扩展性和合规性是区块链应用的三大局限性，也是区块链应用的拓展关键词。要提高区块链应用的安全性、可扩展性和合规性，需要采取一系列有效的技术措施，以满足实际应用的需求。
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㈠ What are the issues that need to be improved in blockchain applications
2018 is the first year of blockchain, but the world’s overall blockchain industry, except for the financial industry, is still in its infancy. The maturity of the blockchain industry requires the integration of a series of factors such as technology, market, supervision, and popularity. According to the current development momentum of the blockchain, experts predict that large-scale implementation can be achieved within 3 to 5 years, and the real economy will also have a new development model. .What are the issues that need to be improved in the application of blockchain?
Accelerating the implementation of blockchain technology in industrial scenarios still needs to focus on
1. Quick matching of application scenarios.
Use Blockchain technology can effectively solve the pain points of the industry market. In the mainstream B2B transaction mode scenario of the market, it is easier to combine using blockchain technology. If the application scenario meets the conditions of high transaction frequency, fixed transaction scope, insufficient credit, etc., blockchain technology can be easily implemented This scenario. In the future, as the foundation of blockchain technology matures, it will gradually be applied to more transaction models.
2. The technology is further improved.
Blockchain technology is currently perfect Insufficient strength, 51% computing power attack problem, double-spending gap problem, high transaction costs, low TPS throughput, transaction block chain selection problems, excessive energy consumption of the POW consensus mechanism, hacker intrusions and other technical obstacles.
3. The industry mechanism is sound.
Accurately distinguish the relationship between centralization and decentralization. Decentralization means that the entire operating system can operate autonomously under the condition that there is no central agency management. Two strangers Under decentralized conditions, individuals can achieve trust and realize transaction facts at low cost and quickly. However, what is clear is that the ecosystem is not unmanaged, and the blockchain is still the information center and requires constant technical support. , repeated upgrades, there is a certain centralized mechanism behind it.
㈡ What are the existing problems of blockchain technology
1. Performance issues
Volume issues
Blockchain’s requirements for data backup pose challenges to storage space. Blockchain requires that after a transaction is completed, it is broadcast to the entire network, and every node in the system must back up data.
Take Bitcoin as an example. The block data since the creation block has exceeded 60GB, and the amount of blockchain data is still increasing. This will bring problems to the operation of the Bitcoin Core client. A big challenge.
Processing speed issues
The Bitcoin blockchain currently processes a maximum of 6.67 transactions per second, and a confirmation time is about 10 minutes, which can easily cause congestion delays for a large number of transactions, which may Applications with small multiple transactions and highly time-sensitive transactions will be restricted.
Although there are some methods to overcome it, methods to comprehensively solve transaction efficiency still need to be discovered.
Energy consumption is too high
Third, miningThe computing power in the process does not produce additional actual social value, and also wastes a large amount of electronic resources. With the increasing popularity of Bitcoin, blockchain has gradually become a capital-intensive industry with high energy consumption.
2. Centralization problem
Inequality of nodes
First, in theory, every node in the distributed network should be treated equally , but in order to obtain rewards for mining, each node may increase its computing power to compete for hardware, resulting in node inequality and destroying the randomness of blockchain accounting rights.
Industrialized and large-scale mining has given rise to mining pools
Theoretically, if the mining pools collude to control more than 51% of the computing power for system supply, a dual Although the costs of payment far exceed the benefits in the actual process, the possibility of collusive supply cannot be denied.
3. Privacy and security issues
Private keys are easily stolen
First, the current blockchain uses an asymmetric key mechanism. It has high security, but the private key is stored locally and can be easily stolen by hackers.
The transparency of blockchain data can easily lead to privacy leaks
Every participant in the public chain can obtain a complete data backup, and the entire system is open and transparent. The currency protects privacy by isolating the connection between the transaction address and the holder’s true identity.
When the blockchain needs to carry more businesses, how nodes verify information and execute commands requires more consideration.
4. Upgrade and incentive issues
The number of participating nodes in the public chain is huge
Whether it is upgrading or fixing errors, the system cannot be shut down and centralized. , it may be necessary to consider relaxing the issue of decentralization.
There is a competitive game between each node
Requires the improvement of incentive compatibility mechanism, how to enable self-interested nodes in the decentralized system to spontaneously carry out block data verification And accounting work, and designing a reasonable penalty function to suppress irrational competition is another challenge faced by the blockchain.
㈢Problems faced by blockchain
Main 2 issues
The first blockchain generally establishes decentralized security maintenance through an incentive system mechanism, but one disadvantage is that the general incentive system will issue coins, which is not supported in China
The second is the technical bottleneck. The TPS of blockchain is generally not high and cannot support the implementation of a large number of applications
Myth 1: Blockchain and Bitcoin are the same thing
When it comes to blockchain, many people will think of Bitcoin. It can be said that this is a very common misunderstanding by even thinking that Bitcoin is the only blockchain system and confusing the two. blockIn addition to the cryptocurrency field, the chain also has a wider range of applications.
Myth 2: Blockchain = absolutely safe
As the DAO hacking case shows, it is entirely possible for the blockchain to be hacked. In response to such hacks, Ethereum released a fork to restore transaction records; in some mutable blockchains, transactions can be completely reversed as long as all participants agree. This element is more useful in situations where it is easier for all participants to reach consensus, such as a private chain.
Myth 3: Blockchain is applicable to the entire industry
For blockchain, some people understand it as the fourth industrial revolution, while others regard it as a development of the Internet. Correction of defects. But no matter how you understand it, this is after all a great progress in technological development, and the value condensed in this technology remains to be explored. But in the short term, blockchain is not suitable for all industries. Under the current market conditions, blockchain applications have not yet reached the blowout period. Project development costs are high, the quantity and quality of talents are far from insufficient, and funds will only go in the direction of better returns.
Myth 4: Only criminals use blockchain
Due to the anonymity of Bitcoin, Bitcoin is indeed very popular among the "Internet drug dealers", especially In the "Silk Road" underground market. The "ransomware" that swept the world also used Bitcoin as payment for redemption, but please remember that, like all other currencies, Bitcoin is just a way of exchanging value. This misunderstanding mainly stems from the fanatical hype of some media, especially targeted reports on the widespread use of Bitcoin on the Silk Road and other criminal cases.
Myth 5: Blockchain is only related to money
Although the blockchain was originally used to support the cryptocurrency Bitcoin, the application fields of blockchain technology It is no longer limited to the currency and financial fields. Nowadays, blockchain is being used in building smart contracts, digital identity verification, cloud storage, product traceability, voting systems and even flight security services, etc. A blockchain is not concerned with the type of data actually stored in its distributed ledger because, at its core, a blockchain is just a list of records.
I think the reason why people mistakenly think that blockchain is only related to money is because the most popular and well-known application of blockchain is Bitcoin, and people often think of blockchain as The terms blockchain and Bitcoin are mixed together.
Myth 6: Blockchain will expose private data
In public chains, people often have the misunderstanding that all transaction details are public. And it does not have any privacy protection mechanism, but the actual situation is not like this. The word "public" in public chains is quite misleading, which may also be the source of this misunderstanding.
㈤ What are the challenges currently faced by the blockchain?
BlockWhat challenges does the blockchain currently face
At this stage, application projects in the blockchain field are mainly divided into two aspects: First, new business models that are more compatible with blockchain technology, such as cross-border payments and supply chain finance , product traceability and other scenarios; the second is the application of reform based on the existing centralized business, that is, using the economic incentive mechanism of Token.
With the development of technology, the number of application projects in this field is expanding rapidly. Many people believe that 2018 will be the year when blockchain will truly integrate with the real economy and explode. However, blockchain technology is still in its early development stage and faces challenges including the regulatory environment, lack of talent, and technical awareness.
From a technical perspective, applying blockchain technology to actual industry scenarios requires solving issues such as transaction speed, data consensus, and node maintenance. The current Bitcoin network can only process seven transactions per second, and the leading Hyperledger technology can only reach the level of 200 to 300 transactions; compared with the centralized system that can process tens of thousands of transactions per second, there is still a gap. Large distances. In addition, the current lack of relevant incentive mechanisms in the field makes it difficult for participating nodes to operate in an orderly manner. From a regulatory perspective, although most countries are actively embracing blockchain technology, there are currently no relatively complete regulatory regulations and industry standards. Inappropriate regulatory measures may hinder the innovative development of such emerging technologies.
Affected by various factors such as the underlying technology that needs to be further matured, the lack of smart contract public chain platforms, the lack of ecological compatibility of various Tokens, and unclear government supervision; at this stage, the implementation of blockchain application projects is relatively slow. It shows that the quality of projects varies from good to bad. For this reason, analysts said that compared with general-purpose blockchains, what will achieve breakthroughs in the short term may be focused blockchains for specific scenarios and applications.
㈥ A brief discussion of several major applications of blockchain and which ones are pitfalls
What can blockchain do? Blockchain, a great technology that accompanied the birth of Bitcoin, is currently being used in the financial field to significantly reduce transaction costs and improve efficiency, which is enough to excite Wall Street. However, this is just the tip of the iceberg. Its potential applications are very broad and will subvert every aspect of our lives in the future.
The Internet is an information network, with 0s and 1s flowing in it. Blockchain is a value network, and its role is to transmit value, unlike the Internet for data transmission.
Speaking of value transfer, there is a very simple scenario, such as payment, I have 100 yuan in hand, and I want to transfer it to the group. I can use WeChat red envelopes or WeChat transfers. Here During the transaction process, a third party is required to participate, and the transmission method of the blockchain is point-to-point transmission, which does not require any intermediate node. This is a very big difference between the blockchain and our existing architecture.
When it comes to peer-to-peer payments, many people will think of Bitcoin because it isMost people know blockchain from Bitcoin. What is the difference between blockchain and Bitcoin?
Blockchain is the technology behind Bitcoin; blockchain is a basic technical architecture that designs and implements an autonomous system with multi-party participation through a specific data structure and consensus algorithm.
The specific data structure is actually the name blockchain itself, that is, its data is placed in data blocks one by one, and then these data blocks are connected and implemented using a chain. "Consensus algorithm" is a very important concept in blockchain. Without synchronic algorithm, there would be no meaning of blockchain.
Introduction to Bubi Blockchain
Bubi Blockchain has been focusing on the R&D and innovation of blockchain technology and products since its establishment, and has a number of core technologies. It has made substantial innovations in many aspects and formed a number of core technical achievements, such as: mathematically provable distributed consensus technology, fast large-scale ledger access technology, multi-chain general ledger technology that supports business expansion, and heterogeneous ledger technology. Construct interconnection technology between blockchains, etc. On April 25, "Gege Points" introduced the concept of blockchain into the points system, jointly opened it up with multiple parties, issued and redeemed points, and promoted the circulation of points. Each cooperative institution can jointly participate in transaction verification, ledger storage, and real-time settlement; the third-party payment platform of the enterprise points issuer makes the entry and exit of points more flexible. Bubi has developed its own basic blockchain service platform, which has been applied in equity, supply chain, points, credit and other fields. Bubi has been committed to building an open value circulation network with decentralized trust as the core, allowing digital assets to flow freely.
Having said that, let’s analyze the difference between blockchain and Bitcoin?
1. Essential difference. For the world, Bitcoin is a digital currency based on cryptography, while blockchain, as we just said, is a value transfer protocol. There is an essential difference between the two, because one is a digital currency. , one is a value transfer protocol.
2. Algorithm. Bitcoin's consensus algorithm is based on a working algorithm called proof of work, POW. There are many different consensus algorithms in the blockchain. It can use either the Bitcoin POW algorithm, the POS algorithm, or the DPS algorithm.
3. Transaction speed. Bitcoin is limited to a maximum of seven transactions per second. Please note that what is mentioned here is the maximum and not the average, because this is a very strict definition. For the blockchain, the number of transactions per second can actually reach tens of thousands or more, so this is also One major difference between blockchain and Bitcoin. Because many people will be confused and say that the transaction speed of the blockchain is seven transactions per second. This is wrong. This is a limitation of Bitcoin. The blockchain can reach very high speeds based on its different consensus algorithms and linking methods. Transaction speed.
4. Link form. Bitcoin is a blockchain based on the Internet, which means we call it a public chain. The blockchain can be in the form of a public chain, a private chain, or a consortium chain.
5. Limitations. It is recommended that everyone not touch some digital currencies related to blockchain. What's the reason? Bitcoin is a digital currency. Although it has very good and different characteristics, it does not comply with financial supervision. In other words, these 21 million Bitcoins were issued without national authorization and without national credit as a multiple. was released below. The blockchain also has some limitations. Although it is just a protocol and a technology, it is still a new technology in its infancy.
To summarize, blockchain is a relatively low-level protocol and a technical infrastructure, on which there are various consensus algorithms. If the blockchain is 1, the consensus algorithm may be 10 to 20, but the applications based on it may be one thousand or two thousand, or more. In other words, Bitcoin is only one of many blockchain applications. A realization. Therefore, Bitcoin and blockchain cannot be equated. Bitcoin is only a very elementary implementation of blockchain.
What can blockchain do? Blockchain problem? In the bill market, digital bills based on blockchain technology can become a safer, smarter, and more convenient bill form. Point-to-point transactions realized with the help of blockchain can break the existing functions of bill intermediaries and realize the disintermediation of bill value transfer; the construction and data storage of digital bill systems do not require a central server, eliminating the need for the development of central applications and access systems. cost, which reduces the maintenance and optimization costs of the system under the traditional model, and reduces the risks caused by system centralization; based on the non-tamperability of information on the blockchain, once the transaction is completed, there will be no default, thereby avoiding "one Behaviors such as "selling too many tickets" and out-of-synchronization of payment and endorsement effectively prevent risks in the bill market. The securities trading market is also an area where blockchain technology has great potential. The current traditional securities trading model has the shortcomings of long transaction processes, low transaction efficiency, and high comprehensive costs. In addition, there are strong intermediaries and regulatory agencies, and the rights of financial consumers are often not protected. Applying blockchain technology, buyers and sellers can be directly matched through smart contracts, and the efficiency of transaction execution can be greatly improved. Settlement and delivery can be automatically realized through a distributed digital registration system. Since the data entered into the block is irreversible and can be copied to each data block within a short period of time, the information entered into the blockchain actually has a publicity effect, so the occurrence of the transaction and the confirmation of ownership will not occur. dispute.
What can blockchain do? Blockchain problem? Although there is no mature underlying blockchain technology platform solution currently, technical problems such as capacity scalability, privacy protection, inability to settle on a net basis, and non-recourse after the event also need to be solved, and large-scale application of blockchain Technology is more importantDesign IT architecture and reengineer business processes, but these are only technical issues. The real test of blockchain technology taking root and growing in the financial field is the ontology of regulatory agencies and financial institutions. Will the inherent "deregulation" and "decentralization" characteristics of blockchain make market entities have no motivation to drive technology? Innovation. However, since the blockchain is a technology based on mathematical algorithms, the establishment of a trust relationship between transaction parties does not require the use of intermediaries or authoritative centers at all, and the cost of establishing a trust relationship is almost zero (when the blockchain financial infrastructure and ancillary infrastructure are established (under the premise), and the blockchain code is open source and open, without geographical restrictions, and the network pattern is distributed and interconnected, laying a technical foundation for the establishment and development of inclusive finance and shared finance in the future, and creating material conditions for global financial integration and unification. From this point of view alone, blockchain technology will surely establish a core position in future financial development, and it will rely on and complement each other to win the future.
㈦ What consensus mechanisms are currently used in the blockchain and what are their respective advantages, disadvantages and scope of application
There are currently four main types of consensus mechanisms: Pow, Pos, DPos, and Pool
1. Pow workload proof is the familiar mining. Through AND or operation, a random number that satisfies the rules is calculated, that is, the accounting right of this time is obtained, and the data that needs to be recorded in this round is sent to the entire network. Other nodes are verified and stored together;
Advantages: Complete decentralization, nodes can enter and exit freely;
Disadvantages: At present, Bitcoin has attracted most of the world’s computing power, and other blockchain applications use the Pow consensus mechanism. It is difficult to obtain the same computing power to ensure one's own security; mining causes a lot of waste of resources; the cycle to reach consensus is long and is not suitable for commercial applications
2. PoS equity proof, a type of POW Upgrade the consensus mechanism; according to the proportion and time of tokens held by each node, the mining difficulty is reduced in an equal proportion, thereby speeding up the speed of finding random numbers.
Advantages: It shortens the time to reach consensus to a certain extent
Disadvantages: It still requires mining, which essentially does not solve the pain points of commercial applications
3. DPos share authorization certification mechanism , similar to board voting, currency holders vote for a certain number of nodes to perform verification and accounting on their behalf.
Advantages: Significantly reduce the number of nodes participating in verification and accounting, and can achieve second-level consensus verification
Disadvantages: The entire consensus mechanism still relies on tokens, and many commercial applications do not require the existence of tokens
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4. Pool verification pool, based on traditional distributed consistency technology, plus data verification mechanism; it is a consensus mechanism currently used in a wide range of industry chains
Advantages: No tokens are required It can work and achieve second-level consensus verification based on mature distributed consensus algorithms (Pasox, Raft);
Disadvantages: The degree of decentralization is not as good as bictoin; more suitable for multi-party participationThe multi-center business model
The huge advantage when using the consensus mechanism to ensure data consistency (the consensus mechanism was first proposed by Ripple, a network transaction synchronization mechanism that prioritizes data correctness, in the consensus network , no matter how the software code changes, if it cannot achieve consensus, it will not be able to enter the network, let alone fork).
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PS: A little self-deprecating, although the consensus mechanism can definitely ensure that no hard fork will occur at any time. However, the disadvantage of this mechanism is also obvious, that is, it takes much longer to achieve consensus with other nodes than the current Bitcoin network. In extreme cases, the consequences of being disconnected in the Ripple consensus mechanism network are also terrifying.
It is possible that your home has a power outage for one day, and the entire system will no longer be able to achieve consensus with other Rippled nodes the next day (the consensus mechanism actually requires more than 80% of the nodes to recognize your data, your Submission will be accepted by other nodes, otherwise the connection will be exclusively refused), and you can even only clear all more than 500 GB of your data and resynchronize before you can connect to other Ripple nodes.
So currently, the existing Rippled end is not suitable for civilian use (for commercial use, the impact is relatively small. For example, RL's own Rippled node is hosted in the Amazon cloud data center. If it does not respond for a long time, it can be very high. The amount of compensation is claimed, and that kind of place is almost uninterrupted except for major disasters). This is also one of the aspects that RL has always wanted to improve.
㈧ What are the factors that currently limit the development of blockchain?
Judging from the classification of known blockchain technology applications, Jinwowo Group believes that it can be roughly divided into three major categories :
1-Public blockchain; refers to a blockchain that anyone can read, send transactions to confirm validity, and anyone can participate in its consensus process and jointly maintain public blockchain data Safe, transparent and tamper-proof. For example, Bitcoin is represented
2-Community blockchain; also known as alliance chain, it means that participating blockchain nodes are selected in advance, and there are usually good network connections and other cooperative relationships between nodes; Community area Blockchain is a practical application scenario that combines blockchain with physical goods, such as Domenech Jewelry’s Ubei model
3-Private blockchain: The participating nodes have a limited scope, and the access and use of data are strictly restricted. Permission management, write permissions are only in the hands of participants, and read permissions can be opened to the outside world.
㈨ What are the problems faced by enterprise applications of blockchain
1. What exactly do you want to accomplish?
Look carefully at your requirements and ask Do you really need blockchain? Do you need additional guarantees for the protocol provided by the blockchain, or do you just need a distributed database?
2. How much do you trust your partners?
Untrusted business partners can severely impact blockchain projects. Moreover, they may also affect the blockchain’s proof-of-work or proof-of-stake.
3. How public or open do you need to be?
Who needs to participate in your blockchain? There is a continuum between public blockchains and Bitcoin or Ethereum, The smallest, most carefully controlled blockchain. I can imagine some special purpose public blockchains, such as power microgrids. I can imagine blockchain in financial services serving only a small group of partners and being private in nature. A blockchain that only serves one organization may look like a blockchain, but it has no value.
4. What are your data integration issues?
The biggest issue facing enterprise blockchain may not be the protocol, but integrating all the data used by blockchain participants Legacy data formats and data structures. Healthcare blockchain is a good example. There are hundreds of medical record formats in use, and any medical blockchain will have to do some extra work to handle them. Any blockchain that spans enterprise boundaries (or even blockchains within enterprise boundaries) will need to deal with data integration issues that can be more difficult to solve than building the blockchain itself.
5. If you needed “miners”, who would they be and how would you compensate them?
In most current blockchains, including Bitcoin and In Ethereum, "miners" are all about validating the consistency of the blockchain and adding blocks. They won't do this work for free. Cryptocurrency ICOs are extremely popular, and it's easy to pay miners with cryptocurrency (after all, that's what Bitcoin and Ethereum do), but it's hard to imagine enterprise blockchain projects doing the same.
6. What are your performance requirements? How will you meet them?
The Bitcoin and Ethereum blockchains currently process approximately 12 transactions per second. For many enterprise applications, this is too slow, by orders of magnitude. You need to think about what kind of performance you need, and how you're going to achieve it. There are many possible solutions, including Bitcoin’s Lightning Network, which replaces the computationally intensive “proof of work” performed by miners, and permissioned blockchains such as Hyperledger’s Fabric.
7. Are there any legal issues?
Recently, I saw several people asking whether blockchain applications can comply with GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation) and others Regulation. This is undoubtedly uncharted territory. I think the answer is that blockchain cannot comply; the answer will depend on the data you store in the blockchain, how the data is used, and how private or public the blockchain is.
