帮忙翻译一下金融方面的英文吧~~谢谢~~~

In the market economy in China, "" lemon market analysis

For the monopoly of product market, if the lack of effective market supervision, easy to create "lemon market". The market is mainly parts production sales, in the value chain of the auxiliary link, belong to "niche" market. Because no large-scale monopoly in the market, no leadership type enterprise, the market share of the market competition generally is not high, the subject is a large number of small and medium-sized enterprises.

Lack of the core competitiveness of the products to the market, monopolistic competition "lemon market". Such as TV industry, VCD, core technology in foreign manufacturers.

With core competitive market, monopolistic competition is not easy "lemon market". Such as domestic telecommunication equipment manufacturing. Our trade with the contrary, communication equipment manufacturing no form "lemon market".

Therefore, whether the market competitive products monopoly "lemon market", the key lies in whether the market leading enterprise core competitive power (mainly is the core technology). The core technology formed by the core competitive ability is effectively prevent product market competitive form monopoly "key" lemon market, because the uniqueness of the product to the focus of competition is the price, but technical leading enterprise need not to sacrifice for product quality cost to gain market share, because technology advantage is generally enterprise to imitate.arbitration 12.1 for all of the contract arising as a result of this. or contract-related disputes, the contract should the two sides through friendly consultations, resolved, if consensus can not be resolved, the dispute should be referred to arbitration. 12.2 in the arbitration by the china international economic and trade arbitration committee in accordance with its current effective arbitration rules. 12.3 arbitration costs borne by the losing party 12.4 arbitral award is final ruling, binding on both parties. 12.5 during the arbitration, with the exception of the arbitration process is part of the arbitration, other parts of the contract to continue. 13. the entry into force of contracts and other 13.1 of the contract by corporate buyers and sellers agent signing of the contract and stamping units immediately after the entry into force of the chapter. 13.2 for the contract to modify or supplement, it is important to corporate buyers and sellers by the agent to sign a written contract documents and affix unit chapter formally come into effect after this contract and become an integral part of the contract and the body has the same legal effect. 13.4 validity of the contract: the contract to buy. to sell the two sides to settle the purchase price until the contract. 13.5-one of the original contract were split, buyers and sellers in the market were armed. seller: name (chapter): unit address: legal representative: agent: contact: tel: fax: bank: account number: zip code:China's Market Economy, "The Market for Lemons" Problem

For non-monopoly-type market, if the lack of effective market regulation, easy to form a "lemon market." This market is mainly the production of spare parts sales in the industry value chain, supporting links, are "niche" markets. As the market is not large monopolies, there is no leader in enterprise, the enterprise's market share is generally not high, the main body of market competition is a lot of small and medium enterprises.

? The lack of core competitiveness of the monopolistic competition market, easy to form a "lemon market." Such as the color TV industry, vcd industry, the core technology lies in the hands of foreign manufacturers.

? Have the core competitiveness of the monopolistic competition product market is not easy to form a "lemon market." For example domestic communications equipment manufacturing. In contrast with the color TV industry, China's telecommunications equipment manufacturing industry does not form a "lemon market."

Therefore, the monopolistic competition products market's ability to form a "lemon market" The key is that the market-leading companies have core competencies (mainly the core technology). Core technologies forming the core competitiveness is to effectively prevent the formation of monopolistic competition, product market-based form a "lemon market" key, because the uniqueness of the product led to the focus of competition rather than price-led technology-driven enterprises do not need to sacrifice quality for the price to gain market share, because of technical advantages are generally difficult for enterprises to emulate.For non-monopoly-type market, if the lack of effective market regulation, easy to form a "lemon market." This market is mainly the production of spare parts sales in the industry value chain, supporting links, are "niche" markets. As the market is not large monopolies, there is no leader in enterprise, the enterprise's market share is generally not high, the main body of market competition is a lot of small and medium enterprises.

The lack of core competitiveness of the monopolistic competition market, easy to form a "lemon market." Such as the color TV industry, vcd industry, the core technology lies in the hands of foreign manufacturers.

Have the core competitiveness of the monopolistic competition product market is not easy to form a "lemon market." For example domestic communications equipment manufacturing. In contrast with the color TV industry, China's telecommunications equipment manufacturing industry does not form a "lemon market."

Therefore, the monopolistic competition products market's ability to form a "lemon market" The key is that the market-leading companies have core competencies (mainly the core technology). Core technologies forming the core competitiveness is to effectively prevent the formation of monopolistic competition, product market-based form a "lemon market" key, because the uniqueness of the product led to the focus of competition rather than price-led technology-driven enterprises do not need to sacrifice quality for the price to gain market share, because of technical advantages are generally difficult for enterprises to emulate.我找了许多，这个结果算是比较准确、通顺的：

For non-monopoly-type market, if the lack of effective market regulation, easy to form a "lemon market." This market is mainly the production of spare parts sales in the industry value chain, supporting links, are "niche" markets. As the market is not large monopolies, there is no leader in enterprise, the enterprise's market share is generally not high, the main body of market competition is a lot of small and medium enterprises.

The lack of core competitiveness of the monopolistic competition market, easy to form a "lemon market." Such as the color TV industry, vcd industry, the core technology lies in the hands of foreign manufacturers.

Have the core competitiveness of the monopolistic competition product market is not easy to form a "lemon market." For example domestic communications equipment manufacturing. In contrast with the color TV industry, China's telecommunications equipment manufacturing industry does not form a "lemon market."

Therefore, the monopolistic competition products market's ability to form a "lemon market" The key is that the market-leading companies have core competencies (mainly the core technology). Core technologies forming the core competitiveness is to effectively prevent the formation of monopolistic competition, product market-based form a "lemon market" key, because the uniqueness of the product led to the focus of competition rather than price-led technology-driven enterprises do not need to sacrifice quality for the price to gain market share, because of technical advantages are generally difficult for enterprises to emulate.

帮忙将以下金融市场的资料翻译成英文

October 1990 and April 1991, Shanghai stock exchange and shenzhen stock exchange has established. After 12 years of reform and development, China has formed a bond and stock for various securities form coexist, including stock exchange, the market intermediary organizations and regulators preliminary sound national capital market system, the relevant rules and regulation measures are also increasingly perfect. By the end of 2001, China's listed companies already amounted to 160, total value 435 trillion yuan, current market prise 1.45 trillion yuan, the total value of the ratio of 45.4% with GDP. Since 1991, A, B and h-share accumulative total financing 77 million yuan. Stock market investment and financing system, promote the reform in the adjustment of industrial structure, promote enterprise operation mechanism of transformation corporate governance structure, perfect play a very important role.

The rapid development of the stock market also can from the stock market, and stock financing scale expansion of soes and bank loan provided in the ratio. In 1993, domestic stock soes for 276.41 billion yuan, accounting for bank loans provided for, and 4.36% ratio of domestic stock of soes in 2001 to 1182.15 billion yuan, and the proportion of bank loan provided 9.15% to rise.

Except for the rapid development of the stock market, bond issuance expansion, especially the Treasury and JinRongZhai policy is to promote the expansion of China's financial assets, the expansion of the financial asset structure, change the important strength. At the beginning of QiYeZhai and JinRongZhai issuance of Treasury bonds in 1986, the balance of bonds, the proportion of balance for 73 percent in 1994, national debt is issued after the absolute scale, national debt so and rising rapidly rising rate of GDP and 1995, opened a new policy JinRongZhai, formed a bond and policy JinRongZhai common leading the bond market situation. By the end of 2001, bonds, financial bonds balance policy respectively QiYeZhai balance and forehead 15618 billion yuan, 8534.48 billion and $1008.63 billion yuan, the Treasury bonds of policy and financial balance of total balance 96% of bonds.

2 the width and depth of the insurance market expansion

Rapid development of China's insurance market, insurance business varieties are increasingly rich, insurance business scope gradually expand the premium income, rapid growth. At the end of the premium income, 1989 142.4 billion yuan in 2001, 2109.4 billion yuan, with an average annual growth 25,2 %. In 2001, China insurance institutions in 19.3 trillion yuan on the property insurance. Annual premium income and GDP ratio (for instance, the depth of the insurance year-on-year increase) 0.4 percentage points per capita income (insurance premium 168.8 density), increasing by $41.1 yuan, Insurance company pays reparations and pay 598.3 billion yuan, up 70,9 billion yuan. Commercial insurance has become China's social security system is an important part. The development of the insurance market in economy and social stability, benefit the people has played an important role.

3 the foreign exchange market development

In April of 1994, established in Shanghai of China national unified inter-bank foreign exchange market, foreign exchange scattered originally concentrated to unify, for the success of the reform of the foreign exchange administration system, form a single, management of RMB exchange rate system laid an important foundation of the market. 8 years, in the inter-bank foreign exchange market efficiency improving, clinch a deal the scale unceasingly expands. Currently, the inter-bank foreign exchange market opened hk dollar, yen, the euro, trading. By the end of 2001, clinch a deal amount already accumulative total $each currency 4397.7 billion dollars in 2001, including the currency exchange transactions over 750 million dollars.2——100g makes up shui baoshi neatly the clean surface breast product ingredient: live water seepage mineral substance, trace element, natural clean skin factor, hyaluric acid, seaweed essence product effect: the rich smooth careful froth, can the temperate cleaning face flesh, eliminate in the pore thoroughly each kind of dirt, but also does not feel slightly does astringently, ties tight with the stabbing pain, simultaneously entrusts with the flesh sufficient moisture, the affable flesh lacks the water dryly the phenomenon, and forms the natural protective film in the flesh epidermis, prevented the moisture content outflow, causes the flesh young to slide frequently, willowy, has the nutrition and moistens, is moistened the flesh young and fresh-looking does not tie tight. application method: takes out right amount rubs the small froth in the control, is suitable the skin texture direction around the face and the neck back and forth to draw a circle to massage 2-3 minute gently, cleans cleanly with the clear water then. 3——100g the in-depth controls the oil to dispel smallpox clean surface breast essential component: tea tree oil, ve, red grape extract fluid and so on. valid function: in-depth clean, direct penetration to skin lower level, the valid clean pore and the face dirt and the cosmetics residuum, the adjustment fat secretion trim, sterilizes the anti- smallpox, with the after flesh clean neat, does not exude gloss, for a long time holds the flesh breath carefree, the health bright clean, and check face fat secretion, improvement pore thick, skin rough phenomenon, and the solution because the pore is blocked by the fat the dark boils and the acne question which causes, exquisitely makes the flesh, neat, bright and clean, to be only white. application method: takes right amount puts in the palm, adds the clear water to rub the foam, lightly wipes evenly on the surface and the full massage, again by clear water cleaning.