为广大币圈朋友提供币圈基础入门专业知识!
当前位置首页 > 公链介绍> 正文

one币怎么交易 one币怎么卖

发布时间:2023-12-05-06:06:05 来源:网络 公链介绍 教程   Harmony

如何购买ONE币、如何购买ONE教程 答案:

1、通过交易平台购买Harmony

交易平台

BSC交易SwapETH交易SwapPolygon交易SwapAvax交易SwapSol交易SwapOKC交易Swap货币兑换PancakeSwap

在银河系最受欢迎的去中心化平台上交易、赚取和赢得加密货币。

Biswap

Biswap是市场上第一个拥有三类推荐系统和最低平台交易费用(0.1%)的去中心化交换平台。我们是一个在Binance智能链网络上交换BEP-20代币的去中心化交换平台。这个网络保证了卓越的速度和更低的网络交易成本

KyberSwap BSC

KyberSwap BSC 去中心化交易平台

DappRadar-BSC

BSC去中心化交易聚合平台

DODO Swap

面向Web3的 去中心化交易协议

Kine Protocol

KINE提供了一个[点对点]的衍生品市场,由链上数字资产支持的流动性池作为交易所内所有交易者的被动对手方。

Matcha-Dex聚合交易 在 Ethereum、Binance、Polygon、Avalanche、Celo、Fantom 等平台上进行交易!

Matcha 为您在交易所找到最优惠的价格,并将它们组合成一笔交易。

MDEX swap

MDEX.COM 支持BSC、HECO及ETH的去中心化跨鏈交易協議,多次位列CoinMarketCap、CoinGecko的DEX排行榜第一。

MsgSender

MsgSender是采用Trustwallet内核的去中心化多链钱包.

Uniswap (V2)

Uniswap是一个在以太坊上自动交换代币的协议。它于2018年11月2日推出。Uniswap将自己描述为一个简单的智能合约接口,用于交换ERC20代币。它有一个正式的模型来汇集流动性储备。它作为交易者和流动性提供者的开源前端接口,致力于提供免费和去中心化的资产交换。

Uniswap(V3)

在领先的去中心化加密货币交易协议上进行交换、赚取和建立。

Tornado

Tornado Cash 通过打破源地址和目标地址之间的链上链接来提高交易隐私。它使用一个智能合约,接受可以通过不同地址提取的 ETH 存款。为了保护隐私,可以使用中继器提取到没有 ETH 余额的地址。每当新地址提取 ETH 时,都无法将提取与存款联系起来,从而确保完全隐私。

1inch Exchange

1inch是一个DeFi聚合器和一个具有智能路由的去中心化交易所。

Curve Finance

曲线的目的是利用先进的粘合曲线创造深层的链上流动性。

Sushiswap

SushiSwap是一个Uniswap分叉,它的理念是将权力从VC手中剥离,并将其归还给社区。

Balancer

自动化的投资组合管理器和去中心化交易平台

Bancor

Bancor去中心化的交易协议

KyberSwap ETH

KyberSwap ETH 去中心化交易

Loopring swap

Loopring swap 去中心化交易

DYDX期货交易所

dYdX是一家领先的非托管去中心化交易所的开发商,其使命是建立开放、安全和强大的金融产品。dYdX在以太坊上的审计智能合约上运行,在交易时不需要信任中央交易所。该交易所结合了去中心化交易所的安全性和透明度,以及中心化交易所的速度和实用性。

DODO Swap

面向Web3的 去中心化交易协议

DappRadar-ETH

ETH去中心化交易聚合平台

Kine Protocol

KINE提供了一个[点对点]的衍生品市场,由链上数字资产支持的流动性池作为交易所内所有交易者的被动对手方。

Matcha-Dex聚合交易 在 Ethereum、Binance、Polygon、Avalanche、Celo、Fantom 等平台上进行交易!

Matcha 为您在交易所找到最优惠的价格,并将它们组合成一笔交易。

MDEX swap

MDEX.COM 支持BSC、HECO及ETH的去中心化跨鏈交易協議,多次位列CoinMarketCap、CoinGecko的DEX排行榜第一。

Tokenlon

Tokenlon是基于0x协议的去中心化交易服务平台

QuickSwap

QuickSwap 是一个去中心化交易所 (DEX),如果你想交易 MATIC,你绝对应该使用它。 它是Polygon网络的典型交易所,具有更低的gas成本和更容易交易的优势。

Sushiswap

SushiSwap是一个Uniswap分叉,它的理念是将权力从VC手中剥离,并将其归还给社区。

KyberSwap Polygon

KyberSwap Polygon 去中心化交易平台

DappRadar-Polygon

Polygon去中心化交易聚合平台

ParaSwap-Polygon交易市场

Polygon链上交易市场

DODO Swap

面向Web3的 去中心化交易协议

Matcha-Dex聚合交易 在 Ethereum、Binance、Polygon、Avalanche、Celo、Fantom 等平台上进行交易!

Matcha 为您在交易所找到最优惠的价格,并将它们组合成一笔交易。

TraderJoe

Trader Joe是你在Avalanche网络上的一站式去中心化交易平台。

Sushiswap

SushiSwap是一个Uniswap分叉,它的理念是将权力从VC手中剥离,并将其归还给社区。

Hurricane swap

Avalanche 上的第一个跨链流动性 DEX

KyberSwap AVAX

KyberSwap AVAX 去中心化交易

Lydia Swap-AVAX

LydiaSwap-AVAXLydiaSwap-AVAX

Pangolin-AVAX

一个社区驱动的去中心化交易所,用于 Avalanche 和以太坊资产 快速结算 , 低交易费用 ,和 提供支持的民主分配 由 Avalanche 。 穿山甲带给你 寻找和最大化收益的最佳交易机会。

Raydium

Raydium AcceleRaytor是自动化做市商Raydium旗下的IDO平台。平台目前已经成功IDO项目7个,包括近期热门的链游StarAtlas也选择了在Raydium上进行IDO。

Serum Portal

在世界上最快、最强大的去中心化交易所进行交易。

DODO Swap

面向Web3的 去中心化交易协议

DappRadar-Sol

Sol去中心化交易聚合平台

Saber

Sabre 是一个面向全球范围的开放式交易和流动性平台,Sabre是在 Solana 上交易资产的自动化做市商。

Orca

Orca是在Solana区块链上兑换加密货币的最简单的地方。在Orca上,你可以比以太坊上的任何DEX更便宜、更快速、更自信地交换代币(感谢我们的公平价格指标)。此外,你可以向交易池提供流动性,以赚取交易费。

Slope

Slope Finance是一个由社区驱动的全栈平台,由建立在Solana之上的DEX、钱包和NFT部门组成,为用户提供极快的速度、几乎为零的交易费用和直观的界面。我们的目标是打造一个

Jswap

去中心化交易协议

Cherry Swap

樱桃交换

Kswap

OKExChain生态去中心化交易所

Pexpay | 币安投资

币安投资全球最安全的C2C交易平台


数字钱包

BSC钱包ETH钱包Polygon钱包Avax钱包Sol钱包OKC钱包钱包工具MetaMask

MetaMask是一款最流行的支持多链的浏览器插件钱包。它允许用户与以太坊生态系统进行交互,该生态系统承载着大量分散的应用程序 (Dapps),而无需在他们的设备上下载整个区块链。因此,它是最好的以太坊钱包解决方案之一,可轻松访问去中心化交易所 (DEX)、游戏平台和许多其他应用程序。目前已开发手机移动端产品。

Walletconnect

WalletConnect 是一种开放协议,用于在 Dapp 和钱包之间安全地通信。该协议使用中继服务器在两个应用程序和/或设备之间建立远程配对以中继有效负载。这些有效载荷通过两个对等方之间的共享密钥对称加密。配对由显示二维码或带有标准 WalletConnect URI 的深层链接的一个对等方发起,并在对方批准此配对请求时建立。

imToken

imToken 是一款区块链支持多链的数字资产钱包。如以太坊、比特币、Cosmos 等,它能帮助非常简单、安全地管理在区块链上的账户和资产。此外,它还内置 Dapp 浏览器。

Trust wallet

Trust Wallet 是被全球最大加密资产交易所 Binance 收购的,去中心化移动钱包应用程序。Trust Wallet 钱包支持购买、存储数字货币,查看价格、交易等。 此外,它还是一个去中心化应用程序(dApp)浏览器,其内置的 dApp 浏览器可与 dApp 建立通信,因此用户可以直接在智能手机或平板电脑上交易加密货币和收藏品。

TokenPocket

TokenPocket是多链数字钱包。

Mathwallet

麦子钱包是一个多平台(移动/桌面/硬件)通用加密钱包。麦子钱包支持存储 50 多个区块链和 3000 多个代币。

Binance Wallet

Binance Wallet是Binance Chain、Binance Smart Chain和Ethereum的加密货币钱包。它是存储、交换和赚取加密货币的一站式网关。它支持Firefox、Chrome和Brave浏览器。

HyperPay

HyperPay是一款四位一体数字资产钱包,创新性融合托管钱包、自管钱包、共管钱包、硬件钱包于一体。

MetaMask

MetaMask是一款最流行的支持多链的浏览器插件钱包。它允许用户与以太坊生态系统进行交互,该生态系统承载着大量分散的应用程序 (Dapps),而无需在他们的设备上下载整个区块链。因此,它是最好的以太坊钱包解决方案之一,可轻松访问去中心化交易所 (DEX)、游戏平台和许多其他应用程序。目前已开发手机移动端产品。

Walletconnect

WalletConnect 是一种开放协议,用于在 Dapp 和钱包之间安全地通信。该协议使用中继服务器在两个应用程序和/或设备之间建立远程配对以中继有效负载。这些有效载荷通过两个对等方之间的共享密钥对称加密。配对由显示二维码或带有标准 WalletConnect URI 的深层链接的一个对等方发起,并在对方批准此配对请求时建立。

imToken

imToken 是一款区块链支持多链的数字资产钱包。如以太坊、比特币、Cosmos 等,它能帮助非常简单、安全地管理在区块链上的账户和资产。此外,它还内置 Dapp 浏览器。

TokenPocket

TokenPocket是多链数字钱包。

Mathwallet

麦子钱包是一个多平台(移动/桌面/硬件)通用加密钱包。麦子钱包支持存储 50 多个区块链和 3000 多个代币。

Binance Wallet

Binance Wallet是Binance Chain、Binance Smart Chain和Ethereum的加密货币钱包。它是存储、交换和赚取加密货币的一站式网关。它支持Firefox、Chrome和Brave浏览器。

HyperPay

HyperPay是一款四位一体数字资产钱包,创新性融合托管钱包、自管钱包、共管钱包、硬件钱包于一体。

Myetherwallet

MEW (MyEtherWallet) 是一个免费的客户端界面,可帮助您与以太坊区块链进行交互。我们易于使用的开源平台允许您生成钱包、与智能合约交互等等。

Portis

人们期望通过简单而熟悉的方式来加载和使用应用程序。设置钱包、签署交易和支付 gas 费用对主流用户来说可能是令人生畏的。您的 Dapp(去中心化应用程序)使用标准的 web3.js 方法与 Portis SDK 通信,这意味着它将自动与您现有的代码一起工作。 用户无需提前安装任何东西即可使用您的 DApp。使用 Portis,您的 DApp 已经与解决方案捆绑在一起,为他们提供了一种感觉熟悉的简单的浏览器内电子邮件/密码登录方法。

Rainbow

Rainbow 是一种创建以太坊钱包、收集 NFT 和探索 Web3 新世界的有趣、简单且安全的方式。

Argent

Argent 是基于以太坊的移动钱包,可帮助用户轻松管理加密资产和身份,没有助记词、gas 费用或长地址,具备简单、安全和完全分布式等特点。

Ethereum 以太坊钱包

以太坊是社区运营的技术,为加密货币以太坊(ETH)和成千上万的去中心化应用程序提供动力。

Coinbase

Coinbase 钱包支持超过 4,000 种代币和整个世界的去中心化应用程序

MetaMask

MetaMask是一款最流行的支持多链的浏览器插件钱包。它允许用户与以太坊生态系统进行交互,该生态系统承载着大量分散的应用程序 (Dapps),而无需在他们的设备上下载整个区块链。因此,它是最好的以太坊钱包解决方案之一,可轻松访问去中心化交易所 (DEX)、游戏平台和许多其他应用程序。目前已开发手机移动端产品。

Walletconnect

WalletConnect 是一种开放协议,用于在 Dapp 和钱包之间安全地通信。该协议使用中继服务器在两个应用程序和/或设备之间建立远程配对以中继有效负载。这些有效载荷通过两个对等方之间的共享密钥对称加密。配对由显示二维码或带有标准 WalletConnect URI 的深层链接的一个对等方发起,并在对方批准此配对请求时建立。

imToken

imToken 是一款区块链支持多链的数字资产钱包。如以太坊、比特币、Cosmos 等,它能帮助非常简单、安全地管理在区块链上的账户和资产。此外,它还内置 Dapp 浏览器。

TokenPocket

TokenPocket是多链数字钱包。

Mathwallet

麦子钱包是一个多平台(移动/桌面/硬件)通用加密钱包。麦子钱包支持存储 50 多个区块链和 3000 多个代币。

Portis

人们期望通过简单而熟悉的方式来加载和使用应用程序。设置钱包、签署交易和支付 gas 费用对主流用户来说可能是令人生畏的。您的 Dapp(去中心化应用程序)使用标准的 web3.js 方法与 Portis SDK 通信,这意味着它将自动与您现有的代码一起工作。 用户无需提前安装任何东西即可使用您的 DApp。使用 Portis,您的 DApp 已经与解决方案捆绑在一起,为他们提供了一种感觉熟悉的简单的浏览器内电子邮件/密码登录方法。

Wallet-AVAX钱包

Avalanche 钱包是一个简单、安全、非托管的钱包,用于存储 Avalanche 资产。

MetaMask

MetaMask是一款最流行的支持多链的浏览器插件钱包。它允许用户与以太坊生态系统进行交互,该生态系统承载着大量分散的应用程序 (Dapps),而无需在他们的设备上下载整个区块链。因此,它是最好的以太坊钱包解决方案之一,可轻松访问去中心化交易所 (DEX)、游戏平台和许多其他应用程序。目前已开发手机移动端产品。

Walletconnect

WalletConnect 是一种开放协议,用于在 Dapp 和钱包之间安全地通信。该协议使用中继服务器在两个应用程序和/或设备之间建立远程配对以中继有效负载。这些有效载荷通过两个对等方之间的共享密钥对称加密。配对由显示二维码或带有标准 WalletConnect URI 的深层链接的一个对等方发起,并在对方批准此配对请求时建立。

imToken

imToken 是一款区块链支持多链的数字资产钱包。如以太坊、比特币、Cosmos 等,它能帮助非常简单、安全地管理在区块链上的账户和资产。此外,它还内置 Dapp 浏览器。

TokenPocket

TokenPocket是多链数字钱包。

Mathwallet

麦子钱包是一个多平台(移动/桌面/硬件)通用加密钱包。麦子钱包支持存储 50 多个区块链和 3000 多个代币。

MetaMask

MetaMask是一款最流行的支持多链的浏览器插件钱包。它允许用户与以太坊生态系统进行交互,该生态系统承载着大量分散的应用程序 (Dapps),而无需在他们的设备上下载整个区块链。因此,它是最好的以太坊钱包解决方案之一,可轻松访问去中心化交易所 (DEX)、游戏平台和许多其他应用程序。目前已开发手机移动端产品。

Walletconnect

WalletConnect 是一种开放协议,用于在 Dapp 和钱包之间安全地通信。该协议使用中继服务器在两个应用程序和/或设备之间建立远程配对以中继有效负载。这些有效载荷通过两个对等方之间的共享密钥对称加密。配对由显示二维码或带有标准 WalletConnect URI 的深层链接的一个对等方发起,并在对方批准此配对请求时建立。

imToken

imToken 是一款区块链支持多链的数字资产钱包。如以太坊、比特币、Cosmos 等,它能帮助非常简单、安全地管理在区块链上的账户和资产。此外,它还内置 Dapp 浏览器。

TokenPocket

TokenPocket是多链数字钱包。

Mathwallet

麦子钱包是一个多平台(移动/桌面/硬件)通用加密钱包。麦子钱包支持存储 50 多个区块链和 3000 多个代币。

Slope

Slope Finance是一个由社区驱动的全栈平台,由建立在Solana之上的DEX、钱包和NFT部门组成,为用户提供极快的速度、几乎为零的交易费用和直观的界面。我们的目标是打造一个

Phantom

Phantom 是用于访问部署在 Solana 区块链上的分布式应用程序的扩展。 该扩展程序将一个对象注入到每个网站的 javascript 上下文中,以便分散的应用程序可以与您的钱包进行交互,您也可以与应用程序进行交互。 Phantom 还允许用户创建和管理自己的身份(通过私钥、助记符和 Ledger 等硬件钱包),因此当去中心化应用程序想要执行交易并写入区块链时,用户可以获得一个安全界面来查看交易, 在批准或拒绝之前。 因为它为普通浏览器上下文添加了功能,所以 Phantom 需要读取和写入任何网页的权限。安全非常重视,Phantom 代码已经过顶级审计公司的审计。

MetaX

数字货币钱包,DApp 入口,NFT 世界 —— 您想要的应有尽有

MetaMask

MetaMask是一款最流行的支持多链的浏览器插件钱包。它允许用户与以太坊生态系统进行交互,该生态系统承载着大量分散的应用程序 (Dapps),而无需在他们的设备上下载整个区块链。因此,它是最好的以太坊钱包解决方案之一,可轻松访问去中心化交易所 (DEX)、游戏平台和许多其他应用程序。目前已开发手机移动端产品。

Walletconnect

WalletConnect 是一种开放协议,用于在 Dapp 和钱包之间安全地通信。该协议使用中继服务器在两个应用程序和/或设备之间建立远程配对以中继有效负载。这些有效载荷通过两个对等方之间的共享密钥对称加密。配对由显示二维码或带有标准 WalletConnect URI 的深层链接的一个对等方发起,并在对方批准此配对请求时建立。

科学家抢币

利用科学工具快速抢币

智能全链导入钱包

右上方点选Connect Wallet 之后,便可以直接将该网络汇入至你的metamask 钱包,一键添加全网智能链到小狐狸钱包,多功能添加工具。链表 帮助用户连接到 EVM 供电的网络 Chainlist 是 EVM 网络的列表。用户可以使用这些信息将他们的钱包和 Web3 中间件提供商连接到适当的链 ID 和网络 ID 以连接到正确的链。

GEMIT

钱包检查的化工具,可帮助交易者做出有关他们所做投资的日常决策。 只需几个简单的步骤,您就可以快速获取有关您当前盈亏的信息,以及币安智能链上钱包中每个仓位的反射收益。

钱包多对多转账

钱包多对多转账

代币批量归集

代币批量归集工具

代币授权

用于代币授权

Token 合约授权查询

Token 合约授权查询

批量生产钱包

批量生产钱包

批量查询余额

用于批量查询钱包余额

批量发送代币

用于批量发送代币

交易加速/取消 工具

用于钱包Mtramask、WalletConnect 交易加速或取消。

Google Authenticator

开启Google的登陆二步验证,用于加密账户登录安全


2、通过教程购买ONE

Harmony的目标是打造一个基于分片的区块链,具备完全扩展性、安全性。它研究了市面上很多的区块链解决方案,提出了自己的工程落地方案。这也是Harmony值得大家关注的地方。
这个是很高的目标,首先具备完全的可扩展性,Harmony的分片不仅包括交易确认、网络通信,也包括区块链状态的分片。其次要保证分片的安全性。Harmony的分片基于DRG(分布式随机生成)过程,这让它具有无法被预测、公平、可验证和可扩展的特性。此外,Harmony采用了PoS机制,而不是PoW机制来选择验证者,它对PBFT共识机制有自己的优化。PoS有一定的门槛,既要保证小的权益质押者能够参与网络和赚取收益,也要防止恶意攻击者在单个分片获得掌控权。Harmony通过采用自适应信息扩散算法(Adaptive Information Dispersal Algorithm)实现分片内和跨分片网络的信息传播。Harmony还采用Kademlia路由实现跨分片交易随着分片数量增加呈对数级扩展。有了分片,还必须保持跨分片交易的一致性,Harmony也支持跨分片交易,支持分片之间的直接通信,通过原子锁定机制确保跨分片交易的一致性。
总言之,Harmony通过对协议层和网络层的优化,试图提供一个可扩展的,同时也是安全和去中心化的区块链,能够支持更多主流的去中心化应用场景,包括游戏、去中心化交易所、IoT等。这是一个目标远大的愿景。

 

 

项目愿景


目前,许多新的区块链项目正试图提高交易处理速度(吞吐量),但像EOS和TRON中的dPoS,Quarkchain中的Rootchain等新解决方案都必须牺牲部分关键要素,譬如去中心化和安全性,才能显著提升性能。
这样的系统尽管运行过程十分迅速,但只能算是半中心化的系统,丧失了区块链的核心理念——去中心化。
分片作为区块链扩容的解决方案,可显著提升网络性能且不损失安全性和去中心化。
Harmony通过在区块链中引入状态分片来解决区块链扩容问题——由于每个节点只需运行和存储一部分区块链数据就可以完成交易,交易处理工作量被分摊,由此大大提高了区块本身的可扩展性。

 

 

项目亮点


扩展问题是目前区块链行业最受关注的问题之一。谁率先解决这个问题,谁将成为行业的引领者。当然,这里的前提是在兼顾安全和去中心化两个属性的前提下,如果以牺牲这两个关键属性来实现突破,这只是低层级的突破,或者是走向了不同的发展路径。
在兼顾安全和去中心化前提下,分片是区块链扩展的最重要的路径之一。Harmony探索的重点就在于此,尽管目前有其他的分片区块链项目,还有以太坊2.0,也有跨链的项目,Harmony如果能在分片的探索路上能够比其他项目的工程落地更扎实,那么它就有机会在竞争中获得先机。 
当然,Harmony团队选择的是一条难的路,需要很多的努力,也有非常强劲的竞争者。据Harmony团队向蓝狐笔记介绍,项目已完成1800万美元融资,投资人有来自硅谷、澳大利亚、香港、新加坡的基金,有了一个很好的开始。
从Harmony的白皮书可以看出,团队在技术思路上清晰,对于分片工程落地要面对的问题也有深入思考,团队以研发人员为主,主要来自于微软、谷歌、苹果公司的背景。

 

 

技术概况


可扩展的FBFT共识机制
Harmony没有采用PoW,而是采用PoS机制,用户通过质押代币获得生产区块的权利及奖励。同时,Harmony在区块的生产和验证过程中,采用FBPT的机制。在说明什么是FBFT之前,我们知道PBFT是实用拜占庭容错。由于PBFT有一个验证者需要把其投票广播给其他验证人的机制,这使得PBFT在通信复杂度上极大增加,导致系统如果节点达到几百上千个时,区块链很难扩展。 
针对PBFT难以扩展的问题,FBFT进行了优化,FBFT在通信复杂度方面可以实现线性扩展。具体来说,怎么实现?FBFT机制中,它也有领导者和验证者的角色,并不要求所有验证者广播他们的投票,领导者运行一个多重签名的签名过程来收集验证者的投票,这个多签的大小是O(1),然后广播投票。这意味每个验证者只需接收一个多重签名,将通信的复杂度从O(n^2)减少到O(n)。 
Schnorr签名机制可以实现恒定大小的多重签名聚合,并在验证者之间形成多播树以方便消息传递,但是schnorr多重签名要求秘密承诺轮次,会导致单个多重签名两次往返的问题,FBFT则采用了BLS(Boneh-Lynn- Shacham)多签方案来优化这个问题,实现只要求一次往返,由此,FBFT比普通采用Schonorr签名机制的BFT要快50%。最后,Harmony还采用RaptorQ喷泉码来加速区块广播过程。
需要注意的一点是,所有Harmony的共识验证者都是基于PoS机制选出来的。有更多投票份额的验证者比其他人有更多的选票,而不是一次签名一票。这也意味者,领导者等待的不是2f+1的验证者签名,而是2f+1的验证者的投票权份额。 
融合VRF和VDF的随机算法 
对于区块链来说,要快速要扩展,比如上述的FBFT能够实现更快速的交易确认,但安全永远是最重要的。在验证区块的过程中,保持随机性是安全的重中之重。 
好的随机算法必须同时保证不可预测、可验证、一视同仁、以及可扩展。有的协议可以实现不可预测、一视同仁和可验证,但扩展性上较弱,例如RandHound协议。它们有各自的有点和缺点。 
Harmony提出一种随机生成的算法,它融合了VRF和VDF两种技术。VRF是可验证随机函数(Verifiable Random Function),VDF是可验证延迟函数(Verifiable Delay Function)。Algorand利用基于VRF(可验证随机函数)的加密分类来选择共识验证组;以太坊2.0提出VDF(可验证延迟函数)用于延迟实际随机数的揭示,防止最后揭示者的攻击。 
由于有VDF,领导者在 pRnd提交到区块链之前,无法知道实际的最终随机数。由于使用VDF来计算Rnd,pRnd已经在前一个区块中提交,所以领导者就无法操纵它。如果领导者不提交pRnd 停止协议,FBFT有一个超时机制可以切换领导者并重新启动协议。此外,Harmony所采用的DRG协议,其协议的复杂度是O(n) , 比有些项目在速度上至少快一个数量级。
基于PoS的分片
不管是PoW还是PoS都要预防女巫攻击。PoW链通过算力来进行身份证明,并由此获得生产区块的权利。而Harmony采用的是PoS机制,PoS使用验证者权益代币质押来进行证明。要想成为Harmony的验证者,必须首先质押一定的代币。所质押的代币越多,所能获得的验证者投票份额也就越多。每个投票份额对应BFT共识的一票。
权益质押者获得跟其所质押的代币成正比的投票份额。该投票份额会随机分配到分片。成为分片验证者的权益质押人在分片中获得相应的投票权。 
Harmony的共识和分片过程中,有一个周期(Epochs)的概念。周期是预定的时间间隔,在这个期间内,分片结构是固定的,每个分片持续地与同一组验证者运行共识。 
每个周期的开始,会由DRG协议产生随机数,基于随机数来确定分片结构。验证者如果想要验证某个时期内的交易,必须在前一时期质押其代币。权益质押的截止时间是在随机数原像 pRnd被提交到区块链之前。 
在每个新的验证周期开始,新验证者的投票份额都会随机分给分片。新验证者加入分片,其中的投票份额会得到分配。分片的共识达成至少需要有2f+1的投票份额的区块签名。 
为了保证单个分片的安全,Harmony采用了自适应阀值PoS,它会以自适应的方式来通过算法调整投票份额的价格,并把个体投票份额分配给分片,而不是单个验证者。 
为了预防大规模质押代币攻击,Harmony不是通过验证者进行分片,而是通过投票份额进行分片,防止大量持币验证者攻占单一分片。如果单个验证者拥有分配到不同分片的投票份额,则它可以被分配到多个分片。分片的领导者被确定为在某组中拥有第一个投票份额的验证者。 
同时投票份额较小,以至于恶意攻击者无法在单个分片中聚集力量。Harmony经过测算认为,一旦超过600个投票份额,可以保证分片的高安全性。 
从经济利益来考量,拥有更多质押代币的验证者有更多机会被选为领导者。如果发生恶意行为,质押了代币的验证者担心其利益会被消减,也由此会保证网络的安全。 
除了以上的机制之外,Harmony还采用一种重新洗牌的分片方案来提高其安全性。因为如果分片保持结构固定,恶意攻击者仍有机会实施攻击。比如实施静态循环攻击、慢适应攻击或完全适应攻击等。Harmony采用基于Cuckoo规则的重新分片机制来解决这些问题。在一个验证周期结束,其中撤回质押的验证者会被逐出该网络,保留质押的人会留下来。 
快速的状态同步
 一个周期的首个区块包含上一个周期首个区块的哈希链接。这允许新节点的状态快速同步,其中它们可以依赖灰色区块来快速验证当前的状态。 
假如说要验证分片交易,需要下载整个区块链历史,那么时间上太过于漫长,如果你同步过以太坊区块链历史就知道了,可能需要好几天的时间。而Harmony只须下载一个周期时间窗口内的当前状态。 
在Harmony,加入分片的新验证者首先下载该分片的当前状态tries。新节点下载历史区块头,并通过检查其签名来验证区块头。只要有从当前状态返回到创世区块的加密踪迹,如哈希指针和签名,该分片状态就有效。 
同时,为了减少签名验证计算所带来费用和时间成本,Harmony的每个周期的首个区块包含额外的哈希指针指向上个周期的首个区块。通过这种方式,新节点在追踪其到创世区块的哈希指针时可以跳过一个周期内的其他区块,由此加快对当前区块链状态的验证。最后,为了进一步优化状态同步过程,Harmony将使区块链状态本身尽可能小。


相关链接:
https://www.qukuaiwang.com.cn/szhb/3285.html###

 


ONE快讯

2022-04-19 22:28:46

DeFi協議Delta One籌集910萬美元,Alameda Research等領投

【DeFi協議Delta One籌集910萬美元,Alameda Research等領投】4月19日消息,基於Solana的去中心化金融(DeFi)協議Delta One籌集了910萬美元的種子輪融資,由Alameda Research和DeFi開發商集躰Ship Capital領投,本輪融資的其他蓡與者包括SolanaVentures、Solana聯郃創始人RajGokal、投資公司Electric Capital和Alley Corp以及Race Capital聯郃創始人Chris McCann和Alfred Chuang。資金將用於協議的核心開發和生態系統擴展。 據悉,Delta One由Paul和DJ Sengh兄弟於2021年10月在Solana Ignition Hackathon期間創立。Delta One協議爲用戶提供了一種自動化、低風險的方式,通過投資一籃子或一攬子加密期權來賺取收益,這是一種衍生品,讓購買者有權以設定的價格購買或出售標的資産日期。(coindesk)

2022-04-12 18:03:02

香港數字資産保險公司One Degree正在就通過空白支票公司上市進行接洽

【香港數字資産保險公司One Degree正在就通過空白支票公司上市進行接洽】金色財經消息,香港數字資産保險公司One Degree聯郃創始人Alvin Kwock表示,該公司正在與投資銀行接洽,希望通過一家空白支票公司(SPAC)上市,預計將在未來幾個月內會進行一輪融資。One Degree成立於2016年,在香港擁有虛擬保險公司牌照。 2021年8月份,One Degree完成2800萬美元B輪融資,投資方爲新鴻基、戈壁創投等。2022年4月11日,One Degree與全球最大再保險公司之一的MunichRe郃作推出數字資産保險産品OneInfinity,該産品麪曏數字資産交易平台、托琯人、資産琯理人和技術提供商。(The Business Times)


How to buy ONE coins, how to buy ONE tutorial answers:

1. Buy Harmony through the trading platform

Trading platform

BSC trades SwapETH Trade SwapPolygon Trade SwapAvax Trade SwapSol Trade SwapOKC Trade Swap Currency Exchange PancakeSwap

Trade, earn and win crypto on the galaxy’s most popular decentralized platform.

Biswap

Biswap is the first decentralized exchange platform on the market with a three-category recommendation system and the lowest platform transaction fee (0.1%). We are a decentralized exchange platform for exchanging BEP-20 tokens on the Binance Smart Chain network. This network guarantees excellent speed and lower network transaction costs

KyberSwap BSC

KyberSwap BSC decentralized trading platform

DappRadar-BSC

BSC decentralized trading aggregation platform

DODO Swap

Decentralized trading protocol for Web3

Kine Protocol

KINE provides a [point-to-point] derivatives market, and the liquidity pool supported by digital assets on the chain serves as the basis for all exchanges A trader’s passive counterparty.

Matcha-Dex aggregation trading Trade on Ethereum, Binance, Polygon, Avalanche, Celo, Fantom and other platforms!

Matcha finds you the best prices on exchanges and combines them into one trade.

MDEX swap

MDEX.COM supports the decentralized cross-chain trading protocol of BSC, HECO and ETH, and has repeatedly ranked first in the DEX rankings of CoinMarketCap and CoinGecko.

MsgSender

MsgSender is a decentralized multi-chain wallet using the Trustwallet core.

Uniswap (V2)

Uniswap is a protocol for automatically exchanging tokens on Ethereum. It was launched on November 2, 2018. Uniswap describes itself as a simple smart contract interface for exchanging ERC20 tokens. It has a formal model for pooling liquidity reserves. It serves as an open source front-end interface for traders and liquidity providers, committed to providing free and decentralized asset exchange.

Uniswap(V3)

Exchange, earn and build on the leading decentralized cryptocurrency trading protocol.

Tornado

Tornado Cash improves transaction privacy by breaking the on-chain link between source and destination addresses. It uses a smart contract and acceptance can be passed through differentAddress to withdraw ETH deposits. To protect privacy, relayers can be used to withdraw to addresses with no ETH balance. Whenever a new address withdraws ETH, the withdrawal cannot be linked to the deposit, ensuring complete privacy.

1inch Exchange

1inch is a DeFi aggregator and a decentralized exchange with intelligent routing.

Curve Finance

The purpose of Curve Finance is to create deep on-chain liquidity using advanced bonding curves.

Sushiswap

SushiSwap is a Uniswap fork with the idea of ​​taking power away from VCs and returning it to the community.

Balancer

Automated portfolio manager and decentralized trading platform

Bancor

Bancor decentralized trading protocol

KyberSwap ETH

KyberSwap ETH decentralized trading

Loopring swap

Loopring swap decentralized exchange

DYDX Futures Exchange

dYdX is a leading developer of non-custodial decentralized exchanges whose mission is to build an open, secure and Powerful financial products. dYdX runs on audited smart contracts on Ethereum, eliminating the need to trust a central exchange when trading. The exchange combines the security and transparency of a decentralized exchange with the speed and utility of a centralized exchange.

DODO Swap

Decentralized trading protocol for Web3

DappRadar-ETH

ETH decentralized trading aggregation platform

Kine Protocol

KINE provides a [point-to-point] In the derivatives market, the liquidity pool backed by on-chain digital assets serves as the passive counterparty for all traders within the exchange.

Matcha-Dex aggregation trading Trade on Ethereum, Binance, Polygon, Avalanche, Celo, Fantom and other platforms!

Matcha finds you the best prices on exchanges and combines them into one trade.

MDEX swap

MDEX.COM supports the decentralized cross-chain trading protocol of BSC, HECO and ETH, and has repeatedly ranked first in the DEX rankings of CoinMarketCap and CoinGecko.

Tokenlon

Tokenlon is a decentralized trading service platform based on the 0x protocol

QuickSwap

QuickSwap is a decentralized exchange (DEX). If you want to trade MATIC, you should definitely use it it. It is a typical exchange of the Polygon network, with lower gas costs and easierAdvantages of trading.

Sushiswap

SushiSwap is a Uniswap fork with the idea of ​​taking power away from VCs and returning it to the community.

KyberSwap Polygon

KyberSwap Polygon decentralized trading platform

DappRadar-Polygon

Polygon decentralized trading aggregation platform

ParaSwap-Polygon trading market

Polygon on-chain trading market

DODO Swap

Decentralized trading protocol for Web3

Matcha-Dex aggregation trading is conducted on Ethereum, Binance, Polygon, Avalanche, Celo, Fantom and other platforms!

Matcha finds you the best prices on exchanges and combines them into one trade.

TraderJoe

Trader Joe is your one-stop decentralized trading platform on the Avalanche network.

Sushiswap

SushiSwap is a Uniswap fork with the idea of ​​taking power away from VCs and returning it to the community.

Hurricane swap

The first cross-chain liquidity DEX on Avalanche

KyberSwap AVAX

KyberSwap AVAX decentralized exchange

Lydia Swap-AVAX

LydiaSwap-AVAXLydiaSwap- AVAX

Pangolin-AVAX

A community-driven decentralized exchange for Avalanche and Ethereum assets with fast settlement, low transaction fees, and democratic distribution powered by Avalanche. Pangolin brings you the best trading opportunities to find and maximize your profits.

Raydium

Raydium AcceleRaytor is the IDO platform of the automated market maker Raydium. The platform currently has 7 successful IDO projects, including the recently popular blockchain game StarAtlas, which also chose to conduct its IDO on Raydium.

Serum Portal

Trade on the world’s fastest and most powerful decentralized exchange.

DODO Swap

Decentralized trading protocol for Web3

DappRadar-Sol

Sol decentralized trading aggregation platform

Saber

Sabre is an open and global A trading and liquidity platform, Saber is an automated way to trade assets on Solana.Market merchant.

Orca

Orca is the easiest place to exchange cryptocurrencies on the Solana blockchain. On Orca, you can swap tokens cheaper, faster, and more confidently than any DEX on Ethereum (thanks to our Fair Price Metric). Additionally, you can provide liquidity to trading pools to earn trading fees.

Slope

Slope Finance is a community-driven, full-stack platform consisting of DEX, wallet and NFT sectors built on Solana, providing users with blazing speeds, near-zero transaction fees and Intuitive interface. Our goal is to build a

Jswap

decentralized trading protocol

Cherry Swap

cherry exchange

Kswap

OKExChain ecological decentralized exchange

Pexpay | Binance Investment

Binance Investment The world’s most secure C2C trading platform


Digital Wallet

BSC Wallet ETH Wallet Polygon Wallet Avax Wallet Sol Wallet OKC Wallet Wallet Tool MetaMask

MetaMask is the most popular browser plug-in wallet that supports multiple chains. It allows users to interact with the Ethereum ecosystem, which hosts a large number of decentralized applications (Dapps), without downloading the entire blockchain on their devices. Therefore, it is one of the best Ethereum wallet solutions that provides easy access to decentralized exchanges (DEX), gaming platforms, and many other applications. Currently, mobile products have been developed.

Walletconnect

WalletConnect is an open protocol for secure communication between Dapps and wallets. This protocol uses a relay server to establish a remote pairing between two applications and/or devices to relay payloads. These payloads are symmetrically encrypted using a shared key between the two peers. Pairing is initiated by a peer displaying a QR code or deep link with a standard WalletConnect URI, and is established when the peer approves the pairing request.

imToken

imToken is a digital asset wallet whose blockchain supports multiple chains. Such as Ethereum, Bitcoin, Cosmos, etc., it can help manage accounts and assets on the blockchain very simply and securely. Additionally, it has a built-in Dapp browser.

Trust wallet

Trust Wallet is a decentralized mobile wallet application acquired by Binance, the world's largest crypto asset exchange. Trust Wallet supports purchasing and storing digital currencies, viewing prices, transactions, and more. Additionally, it is a decentralized application (dApp) browser with built-inThe dApp Browser enables communication with dApps so users can trade cryptocurrencies and collectibles directly from their smartphone or tablet.

TokenPocket

TokenPocket is a multi-chain digital wallet.

Mathwallet

Mathwallet is a multi-platform (mobile/desktop/hardware) universal encryption wallet. Math Wallet supports storage of more than 50 blockchains and more than 3,000 tokens.

Binance Wallet

Binance Wallet is a cryptocurrency wallet for Binance Chain, Binance Smart Chain and Ethereum. It is a one-stop gateway to store, exchange and earn cryptocurrencies. It supports Firefox, Chrome and Brave browsers.

HyperPay

HyperPay is a four-in-one digital asset wallet that innovatively integrates managed wallets, self-managed wallets, co-managed wallets, and hardware wallets.

MetaMask

MetaMask is the most popular browser plug-in wallet that supports multiple chains. It allows users to interact with the Ethereum ecosystem, which hosts a large number of decentralized applications (Dapps), without downloading the entire blockchain on their devices. Therefore, it is one of the best Ethereum wallet solutions that provides easy access to decentralized exchanges (DEX), gaming platforms, and many other applications. Currently, mobile products have been developed.

Walletconnect

WalletConnect is an open protocol for secure communication between Dapps and wallets. This protocol uses a relay server to establish a remote pairing between two applications and/or devices to relay payloads. These payloads are symmetrically encrypted using a shared key between the two peers. Pairing is initiated by a peer displaying a QR code or deep link with a standard WalletConnect URI, and is established when the peer approves the pairing request.

imToken

imToken is a digital asset wallet whose blockchain supports multiple chains. Such as Ethereum, Bitcoin, Cosmos, etc., it can help manage accounts and assets on the blockchain very simply and securely. Additionally, it has a built-in Dapp browser.

TokenPocket

TokenPocket is a multi-chain digital wallet.

Mathwallet

Mathwallet is a multi-platform (mobile/desktop/hardware) universal encryption wallet. Math Wallet supports storage of more than 50 blockchains and more than 3,000 tokens.

Binance Wallet

Binance Wallet is Binance Chain, Binance Smart Chain and EtHereum’s cryptocurrency wallet. It is a one-stop gateway to store, exchange and earn cryptocurrencies. It supports Firefox, Chrome and Brave browsers.

HyperPay

HyperPay is a four-in-one digital asset wallet that innovatively integrates managed wallets, self-managed wallets, co-managed wallets, and hardware wallets.

Myetherwallet

MEW (MyEtherWallet) is a free client interface that helps you interact with the Ethereum blockchain. Our easy-to-use open source platform allows you to generate wallets, interact with smart contracts, and more.

Portis

People expect a simple and familiar way to load and use applications. Setting up a wallet, signing transactions, and paying gas fees can be intimidating for mainstream users. Your Dapp (decentralized application) communicates with the Portis SDK using standard web3.js methods, which means it will automatically work with your existing code. Users don’t need to install anything in advance to use your DApp. With Portis, your DApp is already bundled with the solution, giving them a simple in-browser email/password login method that feels familiar.

Rainbow

Rainbow is a fun, easy, and secure way to create an Ethereum wallet, collect NFTs, and explore the new world of Web3.

Argent

Argent is an Ethereum-based mobile wallet that helps users easily manage crypto assets and identities. There are no mnemonics, gas fees or long addresses. It is simple, secure and fully distributed.

Ethereum Ethereum Wallet

Ethereum is the community-run technology that powers the cryptocurrency Ethereum (ETH) and thousands of decentralized applications.

Coinbase

Coinbase wallet supports over 4,000 tokens and an entire world of decentralized applications

MetaMask

MetaMask is the most popular browser plug-in wallet that supports multi-chains. It allows users to interact with the Ethereum ecosystem, which hosts a large number of decentralized applications (Dapps), without downloading the entire blockchain on their devices. Therefore, it is one of the best Ethereum wallet solutions that provides easy access to decentralized exchanges (DEX), gaming platforms, and many other applications. Currently, mobile products have been developed.

Walletconnect

WalletConnect is an open protocol for secure communication between Dapps and wallets. This protocol uses a relay server to establish a remote pairing between two applications and/or devices to relay payloads. These payloads passSymmetric encryption with a shared key between two peers. Pairing is initiated by a peer displaying a QR code or deep link with a standard WalletConnect URI, and is established when the peer approves the pairing request.

imToken

imToken is a digital asset wallet whose blockchain supports multiple chains. Such as Ethereum, Bitcoin, Cosmos, etc., it can help manage accounts and assets on the blockchain very simply and securely. Additionally, it has a built-in Dapp browser.

TokenPocket

TokenPocket is a multi-chain digital wallet.

Mathwallet

Mathwallet is a multi-platform (mobile/desktop/hardware) universal encryption wallet. Math Wallet supports storage of more than 50 blockchains and more than 3,000 tokens.

Portis

People expect a simple and familiar way to load and use applications. Setting up a wallet, signing transactions, and paying gas fees can be intimidating for mainstream users. Your Dapp (decentralized application) communicates with the Portis SDK using standard web3.js methods, which means it will automatically work with your existing code. Users don’t need to install anything in advance to use your DApp. With Portis, your DApp is already bundled with the solution, giving them a simple in-browser email/password login method that feels familiar.

Wallet-AVAX Wallet

Avalanche Wallet is a simple, secure, non-custodial wallet for storing Avalanche assets.

MetaMask

MetaMask is the most popular browser plug-in wallet that supports multiple chains. It allows users to interact with the Ethereum ecosystem, which hosts a large number of decentralized applications (Dapps), without downloading the entire blockchain on their devices. Therefore, it is one of the best Ethereum wallet solutions that provides easy access to decentralized exchanges (DEX), gaming platforms, and many other applications. Currently, mobile products have been developed.

Walletconnect

WalletConnect is an open protocol for secure communication between Dapps and wallets. This protocol uses a relay server to establish a remote pairing between two applications and/or devices to relay payloads. These payloads are symmetrically encrypted using a shared key between the two peers. Pairing is initiated by a peer displaying a QR code or deep link with a standard WalletConnect URI, and is established when the peer approves the pairing request.

imToken

imToken is a digital asset wallet whose blockchain supports multiple chains. Such as Ethereum, Bitcoin, Cosmos, etc.It can help manage accounts and assets on the blockchain very simply and securely. Additionally, it has a built-in Dapp browser.

TokenPocket

TokenPocket is a multi-chain digital wallet.

Mathwallet

Mathwallet is a multi-platform (mobile/desktop/hardware) universal encryption wallet. Math Wallet supports storage of more than 50 blockchains and more than 3,000 tokens.

MetaMask

MetaMask is the most popular browser plug-in wallet that supports multiple chains. It allows users to interact with the Ethereum ecosystem, which hosts a large number of decentralized applications (Dapps), without downloading the entire blockchain on their devices. Therefore, it is one of the best Ethereum wallet solutions that provides easy access to decentralized exchanges (DEX), gaming platforms, and many other applications. Currently, mobile products have been developed.

Walletconnect

WalletConnect is an open protocol for secure communication between Dapps and wallets. This protocol uses a relay server to establish a remote pairing between two applications and/or devices to relay payloads. These payloads are symmetrically encrypted using a shared key between the two peers. Pairing is initiated by a peer displaying a QR code or deep link with a standard WalletConnect URI, and is established when the peer approves the pairing request.

imToken

imToken is a digital asset wallet whose blockchain supports multiple chains. Such as Ethereum, Bitcoin, Cosmos, etc., it can help manage accounts and assets on the blockchain very simply and securely. Additionally, it has a built-in Dapp browser.

TokenPocket

TokenPocket is a multi-chain digital wallet.

Mathwallet

Mathwallet is a multi-platform (mobile/desktop/hardware) universal encryption wallet. Math Wallet supports storage of more than 50 blockchains and more than 3,000 tokens.

Slope

Slope Finance is a community-driven, full-stack platform consisting of DEX, wallet and NFT sectors built on Solana, providing users with blazing speeds, near-zero transaction fees and Intuitive interface. Our goal is to build a

Phantom

Phantom is an extension for accessing distributed applications deployed on the Solana blockchain. The extension injects an object into each website's javascript context so that decentralized applications can interact with your wallet and you can interact with the application. Phantom also allows users to create and manage their own identities (via private keys, mnemonics, and hardware wallets such as Ledger), soWhen a decentralized application wants to execute a transaction and write it to the blockchain, the user can get a secure interface to review the transaction, before approving or rejecting it. Because it adds functionality to a normal browser context, Phantom requires permission to read and write any web page. Security is taken very seriously, and Phantom code has been audited by top auditing firms.

MetaX

Digital currency wallet, DApp entrance, NFT world - everything you want

MetaMask

MetaMask is the most popular browser plug-in wallet that supports multiple chains. It allows users to interact with the Ethereum ecosystem, which hosts a large number of decentralized applications (Dapps), without downloading the entire blockchain on their devices. Therefore, it is one of the best Ethereum wallet solutions that provides easy access to decentralized exchanges (DEX), gaming platforms, and many other applications. Currently, mobile products have been developed.

Walletconnect

WalletConnect is an open protocol for secure communication between Dapps and wallets. This protocol uses a relay server to establish a remote pairing between two applications and/or devices to relay payloads. These payloads are symmetrically encrypted using a shared key between the two peers. Pairing is initiated by a peer displaying a QR code or deep link with a standard WalletConnect URI, and is established when the peer approves the pairing request.

Scientists grab coins

Use scientific tools to grab coins quickly

Intelligent whole-chain import into wallet

After clicking Connect Wallet on the upper right, you can directly import the network to your metamask wallet. One-click to add the entire network smart chain to the Little Fox Wallet, a multi-functional adding tool. Chainlist Helps users connect to EVM powered networks Chainlist is a list of EVM networks. Users can use this information to connect their wallets and Web3 middleware providers to the appropriate chain ID and network ID to connect to the correct chain.

GEMIT

Wallet Check is a tool that helps traders make day-to-day decisions about the investments they make. In just a few simple steps, you can quickly get information about your current profit and loss, as well as reflected profits for each position in your wallet on Binance Smart Chain.

Wallet many-to-many transfer

Wallet many-to-many transfer

Token batch collection

Token batch collection tool

Token authorization

Used for token authorization

Token contract authorization query

Token contract authorization query

Batch production of wallets

Batch production of wallets

Batch balance query

Used for batch query of wallet balance

Send in batches Tokens

For sending tokens in batches

Transaction acceleration/cancellation tools

Used for wallet Mtramask and WalletConnect transaction acceleration or cancellation.

Google Authenticator

Enable Google's two-step login verification for encrypted account login security


2. Purchase ONE through the tutorial< /p>

Harmony’s goal is to create a shard-based blockchain that is fully scalable and secure. It has studied many blockchain solutions on the market and proposed its own engineering implementation plan. This is where Harmony deserves everyone’s attention.
This is a very high goal. First of all, it has complete scalability. Harmony’s sharding includes not only transaction confirmation, network communication, but also blockchain state sharding. Secondly, we must ensure the security of sharding. Harmony’s sharding is based on the DRG (Distributed Random Generation) process, which makes it unpredictable, fair, verifiable and scalable. In addition, Harmony uses a PoS mechanism instead of a PoW mechanism to select validators, and it has its own optimization of the PBFT consensus mechanism. PoS has a certain threshold, which not only ensures that small stakers can participate in the network and earn income, but also prevents malicious attackers from gaining control of a single shard. Harmony implements information dissemination within and across shard networks by using the Adaptive Information Dispersal Algorithm. Harmony also uses Kademlia routing to achieve logarithmic expansion of cross-shard transactions as the number of shards increases. With sharding, the consistency of cross-shard transactions must also be maintained. Harmony also supports cross-shard transactions, supports direct communication between shards, and ensures the consistency of cross-shard transactions through the atomic locking mechanism.
In short, Harmony attempts to provide a scalable, secure and decentralized blockchain by optimizing the protocol layer and network layer, which can support more mainstream decentralized application scenarios, including Games, decentralized exchanges, IoT, etc. This is an ambitious vision.

Project Vision


Currently, many new blockchain projects are trying to increase transaction processing speed (throughput), but like EOS and New solutions such as dPoS in TRON and Rootchain in Quarkchain must sacrifice some key elements, such as decentralization and security, in order to significantly improve performance.
Although such a system runs very quickly, it can only be regarded as a semi-centralized system and has lost the core concept of blockchain - decentralization.
As a solution for blockchain expansion, sharding can significantly improve network performance without losing security and decentralization.
Harmony solves the problem by introducing state sharding into the blockchainSolving the blockchain expansion problem - Since each node only needs to run and store a part of the blockchain data to complete the transaction, the transaction processing workload is shared, thus greatly improving the scalability of the block itself.

Project Highlights


The scaling issue is one of the most concerning issues in the blockchain industry. Whoever solves this problem first will become the industry leader. Of course, the premise here is to take into account the two attributes of security and decentralization. If a breakthrough is achieved at the expense of these two key attributes, this will only be a low-level breakthrough, or it will lead to a different development path.
Under the premise of taking into account security and decentralization, sharding is one of the most important paths for blockchain expansion. This is the focus of Harmony’s exploration. Although there are currently other sharded blockchain projects, including Ethereum 2.0, and cross-chain projects, if Harmony can explore sharding more solidly than other projects, Then it has a chance to gain an edge over the competition.
Of course, the Harmony team has chosen a difficult path, which requires a lot of effort and has very strong competitors. According to the Harmony team, the project has completed US$18 million in financing, with investors including funds from Silicon Valley, Australia, Hong Kong, and Singapore, and is off to a good start.
It can be seen from Harmony’s white paper that the team has clear technical ideas and has in-depth thinking about the problems faced by the implementation of the sharding project. The team is mainly composed of R&D personnel, mainly from the background of Microsoft, Google, and Apple. .

Technical Overview


Scalable FBFT Consensus Mechanism
Harmony does not use PoW, but uses a PoS mechanism. Users use pledge tokens to Coin obtains the rights and rewards for producing blocks. At the same time, Harmony uses the FBPT mechanism in the production and verification process of blocks. Before explaining what FBFT is, we know that PBFT is Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance. Since PBFT has a mechanism in which validators need to broadcast their votes to other validators, this greatly increases the communication complexity of PBFT, making it difficult for the blockchain to expand when the system reaches hundreds or thousands of nodes.
In response to the problem that PBFT is difficult to expand, FBFT has been optimized. FBFT can achieve linear expansion in terms of communication complexity. Specifically, how to achieve it? In the FBFT mechanism, it also has the roles of leader and verifier, and does not require all verifiers to broadcast their votes. The leader runs a multi-signature signing process to collect the votes of verifiers. The size of this multi-signature is O(1 ) and then broadcast the vote. This means that each verifier only needs to receive one multi-signature, reducing the communication complexity from O(n^2) to O(n).
Schnorr signature mechanism can achieve constant size multi-signature aggregation and form multiple signatures between validators.Planting trees to facilitate message transmission, but schnorr multi-signature requires secret commitment rounds, which will lead to the problem of two round trips for a single multi-signature. FBFT uses the BLS (Boneh-Lynn-Shacham) multi-signature scheme to optimize this problem and achieve only A round trip is required, so FBFT is 50% faster than ordinary BFT using the Schonorr signature mechanism. Finally, Harmony also uses RaptorQ fountain code to speed up the block broadcast process.
One thing to note is that all Harmony consensus validators are selected based on the PoS mechanism. Validators with more vote shares have more votes than others, rather than one vote per signature. This also means that the leader is not waiting for the signatures of 2f+1 validators, but the voting share of 2f+1 validators.
Random algorithm integrating VRF and VDF
For blockchain, it needs to be expanded quickly. For example, the above-mentioned FBFT can achieve faster transaction confirmation, but security is always the most important. During the process of verifying blocks, maintaining randomness is a top priority for security.
A good random algorithm must be unpredictable, verifiable, uniform, and scalable at the same time. Some protocols can achieve unpredictability, equality, and verifiability, but are weak in scalability, such as the RandHound protocol. They have their own advantages and disadvantages.
Harmony proposes a randomly generated algorithm that combines VRF and VDF technologies. VRF is a verifiable random function (Verifiable Random Function), and VDF is a verifiable delay function (Verifiable Delay Function). Algorand uses cryptographic classification based on VRF (Verifiable Random Function) to select the consensus verification group; Ethereum 2.0 proposes VDF (Verifiable Delay Function) to delay the disclosure of actual random numbers to prevent attacks by the last revealer.
Due to VDF, the leader has no way of knowing the actual final random number before pRnd is submitted to the blockchain. Since VDF is used to calculate Rnd, pRnd has already been committed in the previous block, so the leader cannot manipulate it. If the leader stops the protocol by not submitting pRnd, FBFT has a timeout mechanism to switch the leader and restart the protocol. In addition, the DRG protocol adopted by Harmony has a protocol complexity of O(n), which is at least an order of magnitude faster than some projects.
PoS-based sharding
Whether it is PoW or PoS, witch attacks must be prevented. The PoW chain uses computing power to prove identity and thereby obtain the right to produce blocks. Harmony uses a PoS mechanism, and PoS uses the verifier's equity token pledge to prove it. To become a Harmony validator, you must first stake a certain amount of tokens. The more tokens staked, the moreThe more validator vote shares you get. Each voting share corresponds to one vote of the BFT consensus.
Stakeholders receive voting shares proportional to the tokens they stake. This vote share is randomly assigned to the shards. Stakeholders who become shard validators obtain corresponding voting rights in the shard.
In Harmony’s consensus and sharding process, there is the concept of Epochs. Periods are predetermined intervals during which the shard structure is fixed and each shard continuously runs consensus with the same set of validators.
At the beginning of each cycle, a random number will be generated by the DRG protocol, and the sharding structure will be determined based on the random number. If a validator wants to verify transactions in a certain period, they must stake their tokens in the previous period. The deadline for staking is before the random number preimage pRnd is submitted to the blockchain.
At the beginning of each new validation cycle, the new validator’s voting shares are randomly distributed to the shards. New validators join the shard and their vote shares are distributed. Sharding consensus requires block signatures with at least 2f+1 voting shares.
In order to ensure the security of a single shard, Harmony uses adaptive threshold PoS, which will adjust the price of voting shares through algorithms in an adaptive manner and allocate individual voting shares to shards instead of individual verifications By.
In order to prevent large-scale pledged token attacks, Harmony does not shard by validators, but by voting shares to prevent a large number of currency-holding validators from occupying a single shard. A single validator can be assigned to multiple shards if it has voting shares assigned to different shards. The leader of a shard is determined as the validator with the first voting share in a group.
At the same time, the voting shares are so small that malicious attackers cannot gather power in a single shard. Harmony has calculated that once the number of voting shares exceeds 600, the high security of sharding can be guaranteed.
From an economic perspective, validators with more pledged tokens have more chances to be selected as leaders. If malicious behavior occurs, the validators who have pledged the tokens are worried that their interests will be reduced, thus ensuring the security of the network.
In addition to the above mechanisms, Harmony also uses a reshuffled sharding scheme to improve its security. Because if the shards remain structurally fixed, malicious attackers still have a chance to carry out attacks. For example, implement static loop attacks, slow adaptation attacks, or fully adaptive attacks. Harmony uses a re-sharding mechanism based on Cuckoo rules to solve these problems. At the end of a validation cycle, validators who withdraw their stake are expelled from the network, and those who retain their stake stay.
Fast state synchronization
The first block of a cycle contains the hash link of the first block of the previous cycle. This allows new nodes to quickly synchronize their state, where they can rely on gray blocks to quickly verify the current state.
If you want to verify shard transactions,You need to download the entire blockchain history, which takes too long. If you have synchronized the Ethereum blockchain history, you will know that it may take several days. Harmony only needs to download the current state within a cycle time window.
In Harmony, new validators joining a shard first download the current state tries for that shard. The new node downloads the historical block header and verifies the block header by checking its signature. The shard state is valid as long as there is a cryptographic trace from the current state back to the genesis block, such as hash pointers and signatures.
At the same time, in order to reduce the cost and time cost of signature verification calculations, the first block of each Harmony cycle contains an additional hash pointer pointing to the first block of the previous cycle. In this way, new nodes can skip other blocks within a cycle when tracking their hash pointers to the genesis block, thereby speeding up verification of the current blockchain state. Finally, to further optimize the state synchronization process, Harmony will make the blockchain state itself as small as possible.


Related links:
https://www.qukuaiwang.com.cn/szhb/3285.html###


ONE News

2022-04-19 22:28:46

DeFi protocol Delta One raises US$9.1 million, led by Alameda Research and others

[DeFi protocol Delta One raises US$910 Ten thousand US dollars, led by Alameda Research and others] According to news on April 19, Delta One, a decentralized finance (DeFi) protocol based on Solana, raised US$9.1 million in seed round financing, led by Alameda Research and DeFi developer Ship Capital. Other participants in this round of financing include Solana Ventures, Solana founder Raj Gokal, investment companies Electric Capital and Alley Corp, and Race Capital founders Chris McCann and Alfred Chuang. Funds will be used for the core development of the protocol and ecosystem expansion. It is reported that Delta One was founded by brothers Paul and DJ Sengh in October 2021 during the Solana Ignition Hackathon. The Delta One protocol provides users with an automated, low-risk way to earn income by investing in a basket or basket of crypto options, which are derivatives that give buyers the right to buy or sell an underlying asset at a set date. (coindesk)

2022-04-12 18:03:02

Hong Kong Digital ResourcesOne Degree, a property insurance company, is in talks about going public through a blank check company

[Hong Kong digital asset insurance company One Degree is in talks about going public through a blank check company] Golden Finance News, Hong Kong digital asset insurance company One Degree contacted the founder of One Degree Alvin Kwock said the company is in contact with investment banks and hopes to go public through a blank check company (SPAC) and expects to raise a round of financing in the next few months. One Degree was established in 2016 and holds a virtual insurance company license in Hong Kong. In August 2021, One Degree completed Series B financing of US$28 million, with investors including Sun Hung Kai and Gobi Ventures. On April 11, 2022, One Degree cooperated with MunichRe, one of the world's largest reinsurance companies, to launch the digital asset insurance product OneInfinity. This product targets digital asset trading platforms, trustees, asset managers and technology providers. (The Business Times)