区块链的基础原理知识是什么意思,区块链的基础原理知识是什么内容

区块链的基础原理知识是指对区块链技术的基本原理的认知，包括区块链的运行机制、数据存储方式、共识机制、智能合约等。下面我们就来拓展三个相关关键词，分别介绍区块链的基础原理知识。

1. 区块链的运行机制

区块链的运行机制是指区块链系统是如何运行的，它的运行过程是什么样的？区块链的运行机制可以分为三个步骤：第一步是交易的发起，也就是发起方向网络发起一笔交易；第二步是网络中的节点将这笔交易进行确认，包括交易的有效性、交易的完整性等；第三步是网络中的节点将这笔交易打包成一个区块，并将这个区块添加到区块链上。

2. 区块链的数据存储方式

区块链的数据存储方式是指区块链系统是如何存储数据的，它的存储方式有哪些？区块链的数据存储方式主要有两种：一种是公开的数据存储方式，也就是将所有的数据都存储在网络中，任何人都可以访问；另一种是私有的数据存储方式，也就是将数据存储在私有网络中，只有特定的人才能访问这些数据。

3. 区块链的共识机制

区块链的共识机制是指区块链系统是如何达成共识的，它的共识机制有哪些？区块链的共识机制主要有三种：第一种是工作量证明（Proof of Work），这是最常见的共识机制，它要求节点在网络中进行大量的计算工作，以确认交易；第二种是权益证明（Proof of Stake），它要求节点投入一定的资金，以确认交易；第三种是共识机制（Consensus Mechanism），它要求网络中的节点通过投票来确认交易。

以上就是区块链的基础原理知识，包括区块链的运行机制、数据存储方式、共识机制以及智能合约等。了解了区块链的基础原理知识，可以帮助我们更好地理解区块链技术，更好地发挥它的作用。

请查看相关英文文档

Ⅰ 108 knowledge points for getting started with blockchain

108 essential knowledge points for getting started with blockchain

(Welcome to communicate with fellow fans) < /p>

1. What is a blockchain

The information of multiple transactions and the information indicating the block are packaged together. The verified package is the block.

Each block stores the hash value of the previous block, creating a relationship between blocks, that is to say, a chain. Together they are called blockchain.

2. What is Bitcoin

The concept of Bitcoin was proposed by Satoshi Nakamoto in 2009, with a total number of 21 million. The Bitcoin chain generates a block approximately every 10 minutes, and this block is mined by miners for 10 minutes. As a reward to miners, a certain number of Bitcoins will be issued to miners, but this certain number is halved every four years. Now it's 12.5. If this continues, all Bitcoins will be available in 2040.

3. What is Ethereum

The biggest difference between Ethereum and Bitcoin is the smart contract. This allows developers to develop and run various applications on it.

4. Distributed ledger

It is a database that is shared, replicated and synchronized among network members. To put it bluntly, all users on the blockchain have accounting functions and the content is consistent, which ensures that the data cannot be tampered with.

5. What is quasi-anonymity?

I believe everyone has a wallet, and the wallet address (a string of characters) used to send transactions is quasi-anonymity.

6. What is open transparency/traceability

The blockchain stores all data from history to the present, anyone can view it, and can also view any data in history.

7. What is tamper-proof

Historical data and current transaction data cannot be tampered with. The data is stored in the block on the chain and has a hash value. If the block information is modified, its hash value will also change, and the hash values ​​of all blocks following it must also be modified to form a new chain. At the same time, the main chain is still conducting transactions to generate blocks. The modified chain must always generate blocks synchronously with the main chain to ensure that the length of the chain is the same. The cost is too high, just to modify a piece of data.

8. What is anti-DDoS attack

DDoS: Hackers control many people’s computers or mobile phones and allow them to access a website at the same time. Since the bandwidth of the server is limited, a large amount of traffic The influx of data may cause the website to fail to function properly, resulting in losses. But blockchain is distributed,There is no central server. If one node fails, other nodes will not be affected. Theoretically, if more than 51% of the nodes are attacked, problems will occur.

9. Definition of main chain

Taking Bitcoin as an example, at a certain point in time, a block is mined by two miners at the same time, and then 6 blocks are generated first. The chain of blocks is the main chain

10. Single chain/multi-chain

Single chain refers to the data structure that handles everything on one chain. The core essence of the multi-chain structure is composed of public chain + N sub-chains. There is only one, but in theory there can be countless sub-chains, and each sub-chain can run one or more DAPP systems

11. Public chain/alliance chain/private chain

Public Chain: Everyone can participate in the blockchain

Alliance chain: Only alliance members are allowed to participate in accounting and query

Private chain: Writing and viewing permissions are only controlled by one person In the hands of the organization.

12. Consensus layer, data layer, etc.

There are six overall structures of the blockchain: data layer, network layer, consensus layer, incentive layer, contract layer, and application layer. Data layer: a layer that records data, belonging to the underlying technology; network layer: a structure for building a blockchain network, which determines how users are organized. Consensus layer: Provides a set of rules to allow everyone to reach agreement on the information received and stored. Incentive layer: Design incentive policies to encourage users to participate in the blockchain ecosystem; Contract layer: Generally referred to as "smart contracts", it is a set of contract systems that can be automatically executed and written according to their own needs. Application layer: Applications on the blockchain, similar to mobile apps. Former Distributed Storage R&D Center

13. Timestamp

The timestamp refers to January 1, 1970 Day 0 hours 0 minutes 0 seconds 0... The total number of seconds from the current time to now, or the total number of nanoseconds and other very large numbers. Each block is generated with a timestamp indicating when the block was generated.

14. Block/block header/block body

Block is the basic unit of blockchain, and block header and block body are components of blockchain. The information contained in the block header includes the hash of the previous block, the hash of this block, timestamp, etc. The block body is the detailed data in the block.

15. Merkle tree

Merkle tree, also called binary tree, is a data structure for storing data. The bottom layer is the original data contained in all blocks, and the upper layer is each The hash value of a block, the hash value of this layer is combined in pairs to generate a new hash value, forming a new layer, and then upwards layer by layer, until a hash value is generated. Such a structure can be used to quickly compare large amounts of data. You can quickly find what you want without downloading all the data.The lowest level of historical data is required.

16. What is expansion?

The size of a Bitcoin block is about 1M and can save 4,000 transaction records. Expansion means making the block larger so that more data can be stored.

17. What is a chain?

Each block will save the hash of the previous block, creating a relationship between the blocks. This relationship is a chain. Data such as block transaction records and status changes are stored through this chain.

18. Block height

This is not the height mentioned in terms of distance. It refers to the total number of blocks between the block and the first block on the chain. This height indicates which block it is, and is just for identification purposes.

19. Fork

Two blocks were generated at the same time (the transaction information in the block is the same, but the hash value of the block is different), and then in Two chains are forked from these two blocks. Whoever generates 6 blocks from these two links first will be the main chain, and the other chain will be discarded.

20. Ghost Protocol

Mining pools with high computing power can easily generate blocks faster than mining machines with low computing power, resulting in most of the blocks on the blockchain being generated by these mining pools with high computing power. However, the blocks generated by mining machines with low computing power are not stored on the chain because they are slow, and these blocks will be invalid.

The ghost protocol allows blocks that should be invalidated to remain on the chain for a short time, and can also be used as part of the proof of work

. In this way, miners with small computing power will contribute more to the main chain, and large mining pools will not be able to monopolize the confirmation of new blocks.

21. Orphan blocks

As mentioned before, orphan blocks are blocks generated at the same time. One of them forms a chain, and the other does not form a chain. Then this block that does not form a chain is called an orphan block.

22. Uncle block

The orphan block mentioned above, through the ghost protocol, makes it part of the proof of work, then it will not be discarded and will be saved in the main chain superior. This block is next

23 replay attack

The hacker resends the message that has been sent to the server. Sometimes this can deceive the server into multiple responses.

24. Directed acyclic graph

Also called data set DAG (directed acyclic graph), DAG is an ideal multi-chain data structure. Most of the blockchains mentioned now are single chains, that is, one block is connected to another block, and DAG is multiple blocks connected. The advantage is that several blocks can be generated at the same time, so the network can process a large number of transactions at the same time, and the throughput is certainIt went up. However, there are many shortcomings and it is currently in the research stage.

25. What is mining

The mining process is to perform a series of conversions, connections and hash operations on the above six fields, and continue to try them one by one. The random number you are looking for, and finally successfully find a random number that meets the conditions: the value after hashing is smaller than the hash value of the preset difficulty value, then the mining is successful, and the node can broadcast the area to neighboring nodes. block, neighboring nodes receive the block and perform the same operation on the above six fields to verify compliance, and then forward it to other nodes. Other nodes also use the same algorithm to verify. If there are 51% of nodes in the entire network If all verifications are successful, even if this block is truly "mined" successfully, each node will add this block to the end of the previous block, delete the list in the block that is the same as its own record, and resurrect again. the above process. Another thing to mention is that regardless of whether the mining is successful or not, each node will pre-record the reward of 50 Bitcoins and the handling fees of all transactions (total input-total output) in the first item of the transaction list (this is " The most fundamental purpose of "mining" is also the fundamental reason to ensure the long-term stable operation of the blockchain), the output address is the address of this node, but if the mining is unsuccessful, the transaction will be invalidated without any reward. Moreover, this transaction called "production transaction" does not participate in the "mining" calculation.

26. Mining machines/mines

Mining machines are computers with various configurations, and computing power is the biggest difference between them. A place where mining machines are concentrated in one place is a mining farm

27. Mining pool

Miners join together to form a team, and the computer group under this team is a mining pool. Mining rewards are distributed based on your own computing power contribution.

28. Mining difficulty and computing power

Mining difficulty is to ensure that the interval between generating blocks is stable within a certain short time, such as Bitcoin is issued in 10 minutes

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Block 1. Computing power is the configuration of the mining machine.

29. Verification

When verification in the blockchain is a confirmation of the legality of the transaction, each node will verify the transaction once when the transaction message is propagated between nodes. Whether the transaction is legal. For example, verify whether the syntax of the transaction is correct, whether the transaction amount is greater than 0, whether the entered transaction amount is reasonable, etc. After passing the verification, it will be packaged and handed over to the miners for mining.

30. Transaction broadcast

The node sends information to other nodes through the network.

31. Mining fees

For the blockchain to work non-stop like a perpetual motion machine, miners need to maintain the system. Therefore, the miners must be given favorable fees to make it sustainable.

32. Transaction confirmation

When a transaction occurs, record theThe block will be confirmed for the first time and will be confirmed again in every block on the chain after the block: when the number of confirmations reaches 6 or more, the transaction is generally considered to be relatively safe and difficult to tamper with.

33. Double transaction

That is, I have 10 yuan, I use the 10 yuan to buy a pack of cigarettes, and then instantly use the 10 yuan that has not yet been paid. Bought another cup of coffee. So when verifying the transaction, you need to confirm whether the 10 yuan has been spent.

34. UTXO unspent transaction output

It is a data structure containing transaction data and execution code, which can be understood as digital currency that exists but has not yet been consumed.

35. Transactions per second TPS

That is throughput, tps refers to the number of transactions the system can process per second.

36. Wallet

Similar to Alipay, it is used to store digital currencies, and blockchain technology is more secure.

37. Cold wallet/hot wallet

A cold wallet is an offline wallet. The principle is to store it locally and use QR code communication to prevent the private key from touching the Internet. A hot wallet is an online wallet. The principle is to encrypt the private key and store it on the server. When it is needed, it is downloaded from the server and decrypted on the browser side.

38. Software Wallet/Hardware Wallet

A software wallet is a computer program. Generally speaking, a software wallet is a program that interacts with the blockchain and allows users to receive, store, and send digital currencies and can store multiple keys. Hardware wallets are smart devices that specialize in handling digital currencies.

39. Airdrop

The project sends digital currency to each user’s wallet address.

40. Mapping

Mapping is related to the issuance of blockchain currency and is a mapping between chains. For example, there are some blockchain companies that have not completed the development of the chain in the early stage. They rely on Ethereum to issue their own currency. The issuance and transactions of the early currency are all operated on Ethereum. With the development of the company, the company's own chain development has been completed. The company wants to map all the previous information on Ethereum to its own chain. This process is mapping.

41. Position

Refers to the ratio of the investor’s actual investment to the actual investment funds

42. Full position

All funds are bought Enter Bitcoin

43. Reduce the position

Sell some of the Bitcoins, but not all of them

44. Heavy positions

Compared with Bitcoin, Bitcoin accounts for a larger share of funds

45. Light warehouse

Comparing funds with Bitcoin, the capital share is large

46. Short position

Sell all the Bitcoins you hold and convert them all into funds

47. Take profit

After obtaining a certain amount of profit, sell the Bitcoin held to maintain the profit

48. Stop loss

After the loss reaches a certain level, sell the Bitcoin held to prevent loss Further expansion

49. Bull market

Prices continue to rise, the outlook is optimistic

50. Bear market

Prices continue to fall, the outlook is bleak

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51. Long (long)

The buyer believes that the currency price will rise in the future, buys the currency, and after the currency price rises, sells it at a high price to take profits

52. Short position (short selling)

The seller believes that the currency price will fall in the future, sells the currency he holds (or borrows currency from the trading platform), and buys it at a low price after the currency price drops. Taking profits

53. Opening a position

Buying Bitcoin and other virtual currencies

54. Covering the position

Buying Bitcoins in batches Wait for virtual currency, such as: buy 1 BTC first, then buy 1 BTC

55. Full position

Buy all the funds into a certain virtual currency at once

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56. Rebound

When the currency price falls, the price rebounds and adjusts because it falls too fast

57. Consolidation (sideways)

Price fluctuations The amplitude is small and the currency price is stable

58. Overcast drop

The currency price slowly declines

59. Diving (waterfall)

Coin The price fell rapidly and to a large extent

60. Cutting meat

After buying Bitcoin, the price of the currency fell. In order to avoid the expansion of losses, the Bitcoin was sold at a loss. Or after borrowing the currency to go short, the currency price rises, and then buying Bitcoin at a loss

61. Holding up

Expecting the currency price to rise, but unexpectedly the currency price falls after buying; or expecting the currency price to rise. fell, but unexpectedly, after selling, the currency price rose

62. Unwinding

After buying Bitcoin, the currency price fell, causing a temporary book loss, but then the currency price rebounded and the loss was reversed To make a profit

63. Go short

After selling Bitcoin because of the bearish market outlook, the price of the currency continued to rise, and I was unable to buy it in time, so I failed to make a profit

64. Overbought

The currency price continues to rise to a certain height, the buyer's power is basically exhausted, and the currency price is about to fall

65. Oversold

The currency price continues to fall to a certain low, the seller's power is basically exhausted, and the currency price is about to rise

66. Lure bulls

The currency price The market has been consolidating for a long time and is more likely to fall. Most of the short sellers have sold Bitcoin. Suddenly, the short sellers pulled up the price of the currency, inducing many parties to think that the price of the currency will rise and buy one after another. As a result, the short sellers suppressed the price of the currency, causing the bulls to buy. Trapped

67. Short-selling

After buying Bitcoin, bulls deliberately suppress the price of the currency, making short sellers think that the price of the currency will fall, and sell them one after another. As a result, they fall into the trap of bulls.

68. What is NFT

The full name of NFT is "Non-Fungible Tokens", which is non-fungible tokens. Simply put, It is an indivisible copyright certificate on the blockchain. It is mainly used to confirm and transfer the rights of digital assets. The difference from digital currency is that it is unique and indivisible. In essence, it is a unique digital asset.

69. What is the Metaverse

The Metaverse is a collection of virtual time and space, consisting of a series of augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR) and the Internet (Internet) Composed of digital currency, which carries the function of value transfer in this world.

70. What is DeFi

DeFi, the full name is Decentralized Finance, which is "decentralized finance" or "distributed finance". "Decentralized finance", as opposed to traditional centralized finance, refers to various financial applications based on open decentralized networks. The goal is to establish a multi-level financial system based on blockchain technology and cryptocurrency. As a basis, re-create and improve the existing financial system

71. Who is Satoshi Nakamoto?

Satoshi Nakamoto is the developer and founder of Bitcoin. Satoshi Nakamoto published the Bitcoin white paper on November 1, 2008, and mined Bitcoin for the first time on January 3, 2009. Whoever can use the Bitcoin in the genesis block is Satoshi Nakamoto himself, so who Is it Satoshi Nakamoto? There have been many "Satoshi Nakamotos" in history: In 2013, someone revealed that Mochizuki Shinichi, who had made outstanding contributions in the field of mathematics, was Satoshi Nakamoto, but no direct evidence was provided. In 2014, hackers broke into the mailbox used by Satoshi Nakamoto and found the owner of the mail, Dorian Nakamoto. Later, Dorian said that he only obtained the mailbox address and password by chance, not Nakamoto. Cong. In 2016, Craig Wright said that he was Satoshi Nakamoto and could provide Satoshi Nakamoto's private key. But later, Wright withdrew his statement because he could not face everyone's doubts.

72. Bitcoin is different from Q Coin

Bitcoin is a decentralized digital asset with no issuing entity. Q Coin is an electronic currency issued by Tencent. It is similar to electronic points, but it is not actually a currency. Q Coin requires a centralized issuing institution. Q Coin can only be recognized and used because of the credit endorsement of Tencent. The scope of use is also limited to Tencent's games and services. The value of Q coins is entirely based on people's trust in Tencent.

Bitcoin is not issued through a centralized institution, but it is widely recognized around the world because Bitcoin can self-certify its trust. The issuance and circulation of Bitcoin are jointly accounted for by miners across the entire network, and are not A central authority is also needed to ensure that no one can tamper with the ledger.

73. What is a mining machine?

Taking Bitcoin as an example, a Bitcoin mining machine is a professional equipment that competes for accounting rights by running a large amount of calculations to obtain new Bitcoin rewards. It is generally composed of a mining chip, a heat sink and a fan, and only performs A single calculation program consumes a lot of power. Mining is actually a competition between miners for computing power. Miners with more computing power have a greater probability of mining Bitcoin. As the computing power of the entire network increases, it becomes increasingly difficult to mine bits with traditional equipment (CPU, GPU), and people have developed chips specifically for mining. The chip is the core part of the mining machine. The operation of the chip will generate a large amount of heat. In order to dissipate heat, Bitcoin mining machines are generally equipped with heat sinks and fans. Users download Bitcoin mining software on their computers, use the software to assign tasks to each mining machine, and then start mining. Each currency has a different algorithm and requires different mining machines.

74. What is quantitative trading?

Quantitative trading, sometimes also called automated trading, refers to the use of advanced mathematical models to replace human subjective judgments, which greatly reduces the impact of investor sentiment fluctuations and avoids extreme fanaticism or pessimism in the market. make irrational investment decisions. There are many types of quantitative trading, including cross-platform trading, trend trading, hedging, etc. Cross-platform trading means that when the price difference between different target platforms reaches a certain amount, sell on the platform with a higher price and buy on the platform with a lower price.

75. Blockchain asset over-the-counter trading

Over-the-counter trading is also called OTC trading. Users need to find their own counterparties and do not need to match the transaction. The transaction price is determined by negotiation between the two parties. The two parties can fully communicate through face-to-face negotiation or telephone communication.

76. What is a timestamp?

The blockchain ensures that each block is connected sequentially through timestamps. Timestamps enable every piece of data on the blockchain to have a time stamp. Simply put, timestamps prove when something happened on the blockchain and cannot be tampered with by anyone.

77. What is a blockchain fork?

Upgrading software in a centralized systemThe software is very simple, just click "Upgrade" in the app store. However, in decentralized systems such as blockchain, "upgrading" is not that simple, and a disagreement may even cause a blockchain fork. Simply put, a fork refers to a disagreement when the blockchain is "upgraded", resulting in a fork in the blockchain. Because there is no centralized organization, every code upgrade of digital assets such as Bitcoin needs to be unanimously recognized by the Bitcoin community. If the Bitcoin community cannot reach an agreement, the blockchain is likely to form a fork.

78. Soft fork and hard fork

Hard fork means that when the Bitcoin code changes, the old nodes refuse to accept the blocks created by the new nodes. Blocks that do not comply with the original rules will be ignored, and miners will follow the original rules and create new blocks after the last block they verified. A soft fork means that old nodes are not aware of the changes to the Bitcoin code and continue to accept blocks created by new nodes. Miners may work on blocks they have no understanding of, or validation of. Both soft forks and hard forks are "backwards compatible" to ensure that new nodes can verify the blockchain from scratch. Backward compatibility means that new software accepts data or code generated by old software. For example, Windows 10 can run Windows XP applications. Soft forks can also be "forward compatible".

79. Classification and application of blockchain projects

Judging from the current mainstream blockchain projects, blockchain projects mainly fall into four categories: Category 1: Currency; The second category: platform category; the third category: application category; the fourth category: asset tokenization.

80. USDT against the US dollar

USDT is Tether USD, a token launched by Tether that is against the US dollar (USD). 1USDT=1 US dollar, users can use USDT and USD for 1:1 exchange at any time. Tether implements a 1:1 reserve guarantee system, that is, each USDT token will have a reserve guarantee of 1 US dollar, which supports the stability of the USDT price. The unit price of a certain digital asset is USDT, which is equivalent to its unit price in US dollars (USD).

81. Altcoins and alternative coins

Altcoins refer to blockchain assets that use the Bitcoin code as a template and make some modifications to its underlying technology blockchain, among which Those with technological innovations or improvements are also called alternative coins. Because the Bitcoin code is open source, the cost of plagiarism in Bitcoin is very low. You can even generate a brand new blockchain by simply copying the Bitcoin code and modifying some parameters.

82. Three major exchanges

Binance

Okex

Huobi

83. Market software

Mytoken

Non-small account

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84. Information website

Babbitt

Golden Finance

Coin World News

85. Blockchain browsing Device

BTC

ETH

BCH

LTC

ETC

86. Wallet

Imtoken

Bitpie

MetaMask (Little Fox)

87. Decentralized Exchange

uniswap

88. NFT Exchange

Opensea

Super Rare

89 . Ladders

Bring your own, buy reliable ladders

90. Platform currency

Digital currency issued by the platform, used to deduct handling fees, transactions, etc.< /p>

91. Bull market, bear market

Bull market: rising market

Bear market: falling market

92. Blockchain 1.0

A currency trading system based on distributed ledgers, represented by Bitcoin

93. Blockchain 2.0

Contract blockchain technology represented by Ethereum (smart contract) For 2.0

94. Blockchain 3.0

In the era of intelligent Internet of Things, it goes beyond the financial field to provide decentralized solutions for various industries

95. Smart Contract

Smart Contract is a computer protocol designed to spread, verify or execute contracts in an information-based way. Simply put, an electronic contract is set in advance and once confirmed by both parties, the contract is automatically executed.

96. What is a token?

The token economy is an economic system with Token as the only reference standard, which is equivalent to a pass. If you own Token, you have rights and interests, and you have the right to speak.

97. The difference between big data and blockchain

Big data is the means of production, AI is the new productivity, and the blockchain is the new production relationship. Big data refers to a collection of data that cannot be captured, managed and processed within a certain time range using conventional software tools. It is a massive, high-growth and high-volume data set that requires new processing models to have stronger decision-making power, insight discovery and process optimization capabilities. Diverse information assets. Simply understood as,Big data is massive data accumulated over a long period of time and cannot be obtained in the short term. Blockchain can be used as a way to obtain big data, but it cannot replace big data. Big data is only used as a medium running in the blockchain and has no absolute technical performance, so the two cannot be confused. (A simple understanding of production relations is labor exchange and consumption relations. The core lies in productivity, and the core of productivity lies in production tools)

98. What is ICO?

ICO, Initial Coin Offering, is the initial public offering of tokens, which is crowdfunding in the blockchain digital currency industry. It is the most popular topic and investment trend in 2017, and the country launched a regulatory plan on September 4. Speaking of ICO, people will think of IPO, and the two are fundamentally different.

99. Five characteristics of digital currency

The first characteristic: decentralization

The second characteristic: having open source code

The third feature: independent electronic wallet

The fourth feature: constant issuance

The fifth feature: global circulation

100. What is decentralization?

It has no issuer, does not belong to any institution or country, and is a publicly issued currency designed, developed and stored on the Internet by Internet network experts.

100. What is measurement (scarcity)?

Once the total amount of issuance is set, it is permanently fixed, cannot be changed, cannot be over-issued at will, and is subject to global Internet supervision. Although the difficulty of mining and mining changes over time, the longer the time, the greater the difficulty of mining and the fewer coins that are mined, so it is scarce.

101. What is open source code?

The alphanumeric code is stored on the Internet. Anyone can find out the source code of its design, everyone can participate, can mine it, and it is open to the world.

102. What is anonymous transaction? Private wallet private?

Everyone can register and download the wallet online without real-name authentication. It is completely composed of encrypted digital codes. It can be sent and traded globally in real-time point-to-point without resorting to banks or any institutions. It cannot be traced by anyone without my authorization. ,Inquire.

103. What is a contract transaction?

A contract transaction refers to an agreement between a buyer and seller to receive a certain amount of an asset at a specified price at a certain time in the future. The objects of contract trading are standardized contracts formulated by the exchange. The exchange stipulates standardized information such as commodity type, transaction time, quantity, etc. A contract represents the rights and obligations of the buyer and seller.

104. Digital currency industry chain

Chip manufacturer, mining machine manufacturer, mining machine agent, mining, mining to exchange, retail investors trading coins

105. Who is Beifeng?

Beifeng: Digital currency value investor

Investment style: Steady

106. Build a community? < /p>

Reasonable layout, scientific operation, prudent and conservative, earning periodic money

Welcome currency friends and seek common development.

II What is the principle of blockchain technology development?

In a narrow sense, blockchain is a combination of data blocks that are connected sequentially in chronological order. A chained data structure and a cryptographically guaranteed distributed ledger that cannot be tampered with or forged.

Broadly speaking, blockchain technology uses block chain data structures to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithms to generate and update data, and uses cryptography to ensure data transmission and access. It is a new distributed infrastructure and computing method that uses smart contracts composed of automated script codes to program and operate data securely.

Working Principle

The blockchain system consists of data layer, network layer, consensus layer, incentive layer, contract layer and application layer. Among them, the data layer encapsulates the underlying data blocks and related basic data and basic algorithms such as data encryption and timestamps; the network layer includes distributed networking mechanisms, data dissemination mechanisms and data verification mechanisms; the consensus layer mainly encapsulates network nodes Various consensus algorithms; the incentive layer integrates economic factors into the blockchain technology system, mainly including the issuance mechanism and distribution mechanism of economic incentives; the contract layer mainly encapsulates various scripts, algorithms and smart contracts, and is the core of the blockchain The basis of programmable features; the application layer encapsulates various application scenarios and cases of the blockchain. In this model, the chain block structure based on timestamps, the consensus mechanism of distributed nodes, economic incentives based on consensus computing power, and flexible programmable smart contracts are the most representative innovations of blockchain technology.

Ⅲ What is the knowledge related to blockchain? Can you please help me explain it?

Shared from District View Network
1. Basic Concepts
District There are many definitions of blockchain. Here I will analyze the opinions of various experts, simplify the complex and adopt a more understandable explanation:
English name of blockchain: Blockchain is also called Block chain, which is a A chained data structure that combines data blocks in chronological order and is cryptographically guaranteed to be an untamperable and unforgeable distributed ledger.
Blockchain is essentially a distributedThe database is a series of data blocks generated using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains information about a network transaction and is used to verify the validity of the information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block.
2. Working principle
The core potential of blockchain lies in the characteristics of distributed databases and how it contributes to transparency, security and efficiency.
In the past, institutions used centralized databases to support transaction processes and calculations. Control of the database rests with its owner, who manages access and update permissions to the database, limiting transparency and scalability and making it difficult for outsiders to ensure that data records have not been manipulated.
At the same time, due to technical limitations, distributed databases are basically impossible to implement. But with advances in software, communications and encryption technology, a distributed database across an organization is now possible. Blockchain gradually emerged.
3. Core ideological connotation
The basic idea of ​​blockchain is to establish a network-based public ledger (data block), and each block contains information about a network transaction. All participating users in the network jointly record and verify accounts on the ledger. All data is open and transparent and can be used to verify the validity of the information. In this way, the authenticity and non-tamperability of information can be guaranteed at the technical level without the need for a central server to act as a trust intermediary.

IV How does the blockchain work?

What kind of technology is the recently popular blockchain technology? Blockchain technology is considered to be the brightest star in financial technology, and it may continue to develop in the future. It has many characteristics, including the distribution of data and the trust of data. Degree and collective consensus mechanism, the most important ones are openness, transparency, anonymity and privacy, which are very distinctive features. Based on the data in these blockchains, we can derive some basic information about contemporary society.

Blockchain technology is such a secure and scientific database. It can be simply understood as an authoritative database. The basic contents in it are all true and have been verified and reviewed by others. In terms of financial technology, it will be very easy to find some desired data, which is very good for people doing business.

IV What are the technical principles of blockchain

The key points involved in blockchain technology include: decentralized, trustless, and collectively maintained ), reliable database (ReliableDatabase), timestamp (Timestamp), asymmetric encryption (AsymmetricCryptography), etc.

Blockchain technology redefines the way credit is generated in the network: in the system, participants do not need to know other people’s background information, nor do they need to rely on guarantees from third-party institutionsOr guarantee that blockchain technology ensures that the system records, transmits, and stores value transfer activities, and the final result must be credible.

(5) What is the basic principle knowledge of blockchain? Extended reading

The source of the principle of blockchain technology can be summarized as a mathematical problem: Byzantium General question. The Byzantine Generals Problem extends to Internet life, and its connotation can be summarized as: in the context of the Internet, when it is necessary to conduct value exchange activities with unfamiliar counterparties, how can people prevent themselves from being deceived by malicious saboteurs? Be confused and make wrong decisions.

The Byzantine Generals Problem is further extended to the technical field. Its connotation can be summarized as: in the absence of a trusted central node and a trusted channel, what should the various nodes distributed in the network do? Reach a consensus. Blockchain technology solves the long-known Byzantine Generals Problem by providing a way to create a consensus network without trusting individual nodes.

VI What is the principle of blockchain

When I saw some answers arguing about the definition of blockchain, I suddenly realized that my answer explaining the principle was actually all about Bitcoin. From Bilu, there is no particularly clear and unique answer to the definition of blockchain in the industry. Here are some of the characteristics that a “blockchain” should have that I have summarized based on the papers I have read:

1. A data structure in the form of "hash chain" (explained below) is used to save basic data

2. Multiple nodes participate in system operation (distributed)

3. Reach a consensus on the consistency of basic data through a certain protocol or algorithm (consensus protocol/algorithm).

Since Bitcoin is currently one of the most typical and influential applications of blockchain, after understanding how Bitcoin uses blockchain, you can then understand other various forms of blockchain applications. It will be much easier.

VII What are the basic knowledge of blockchain

1. FISCO BCOS uses accounts to identify and distinguish each independent user. In a blockchain system that uses a public-private key system, each account corresponds to a pair of public and private keys. Among them, the address string obtained by calculating the public key through a secure one-way algorithm such as hashing is used as the account name of the account, that is, the account address. The private key known only to the user corresponds to the password in the traditional authentication model. Such accounts with private keys are also often called external accounts or accounts.

2. The smart contract deployed on the chain in FISCO BCOS also corresponds to an account in the underlying storage. We call this type of account a contract account. The difference between it and an external account is that the address of the contract account is when it is deployed. Determined, calculated based on the deployer's account address and the information in his account, and the contract account does not have a private key.

3. The SDK needs to hold the external account private key and use the external account private key to sign the transaction. blockIn the chain system, every call to the contract writing interface is a transaction, and each transaction needs to be signed with the account's private key.

4. Permission control requires the address of an external account. The FISCO BCOS permission control model determines whether there is permission to write data based on the external account address of the transaction sender.

5. The contract account address uniquely identifies the contract on the blockchain. After each contract is deployed, the underlying node will generate a contract address for it. When calling the contract interface, the contract address needs to be provided.