中央二套对话区块链,中央二台区块链

近年来，随着区块链技术的发展，中央二套对话区块链和中央二台区块链技术越来越受到关注。本文将详细介绍这两种区块链技术的相关关键词，以帮助您更好地了解这两种技术：

去中心化是区块链技术的核心概念，它是指将数据存储和处理任务从中心服务器转移到网络中的多个节点上，使网络更加安全、可靠和可信。中央二套对话区块链和中央二台区块链技术也是去中心化的，它们的核心思想是将数据存储和处理任务从中心服务器转移到网络中的多个节点上，从而提高网络的安全性。

共识机制是指在区块链网络中，网络中的多个节点之间通过共同协商来确认交易的机制。中央二套对话区块链和中央二台区块链技术也采用了共识机制，它们能够确保网络中的所有节点都能够一致地确认和确认交易，从而确保数据的可靠性和安全性。

加密技术是指将数据加密以防止未经授权的访问和篡改。中央二套对话区块链和中央二台区块链技术也采用了加密技术，它们采用了先进的加密算法，可以有效地保护网络中的数据安全，防止未经授权的访问和篡改。

总之，中央二套对话区块链和中央二台区块链技术是基于去中心化、共识机制和加密技术的新型区块链技术，它们具有良好的安全性和可靠性，能够有效地保护网络中的数据安全。

❶ Explain blockchain in vernacular

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Recently, various ICO financial scams have been blocked in China, but this does not hinder the vigorous development of blockchain technology. After all, technology is innocent and can bring benefits to people. As for how to use it, it depends on people to operate it. If the operation is good, you can recommend development. If the operation is not good, it is like the major ICO projects. Find some knowledge for Internet celebrities to conduct so-called illegal fund-raising and financial fraud.

After talking for a long time, what is blockchain? When it comes to blockchain, the first thing that comes to mind for many people is Bitcoin. We need to solve a problem. Bitcoin is a blockchain, but blockchain is not Bitcoin. Simply put, blockchain is distributed ledger technology (DLT), not a token. It has many characteristics, such as decentralization, traceability, and difficulty in tampering.

(1) Blockchain is a distributed database

First of all, this is a decentralized distributed architecture system. Therefore, having only one central server or node is not called a blockchain. For example, if you go to Taobao to buy a mobile phone, you and the seller are strangers and have no basis for trust. If you give the money to the seller first, the seller may block you by not delivering the goods, and then your mobile phone money will be gone. If the seller ships first, do you pay? It is possible that you do not pay the seller after receiving the goods, and one party may lose money anyway. At this time, a third-party guarantee is needed to solve the trust problem. Just like Alipay now, you give money to Alipay and the seller will deliver the goods. When you receive the goods, the seller will receive the money.

The above example is a centralized system because all guarantee work is handled by Bora, a third-party payment company. Suppose one day Alipay wants to tamper with data, neither buyers nor sellers can do anything because all authority is in the hands of one company.

At this time, a distributed database is needed. This third party is no longer Alipay, but thousands of monitors. When you buy a mobile phone on Taobao, you will shout to everyone that I am going to XXX to buy a mobile phone, and I paid XXX yuan. The other person will yell like everyone else. I collected XXX’s mobile phone bill and sent it over. In this way, everyone knows about this transaction and everyone is recording this transaction, so it is useless if one or two nodes have problems or malicious behavior, because most nodes have recorded this matter.

(B) Blockchain uses encryption technology to ensure data security

There are two important points here: 1. Crypto-enabled hash function 2. Asymmetric encryption.

If you are interested in specific concepts, you can go online, but people without basic knowledge may not be able to understand it, because these two points are too professional. In fact, if you only know the use of blockchain, you don’t need to have an in-depth understanding of it. It is also a technical concept. You just need to know that blockchain relies on these technical points to ensure data security and is not easilytamper. Of course, many people say that these two points can guarantee 100% non-tampering. I want to be a little conservative here. As an author who works in the security industry, I have always been skeptical about 100% security, so it may be more appropriate to call it difficult to be tampered with.

I will briefly introduce these two concepts and try to explain them clearly in plain English.

1. Cryptographic Hash Function

This is mainly used to verify the integrity of information. For example, I sent a message to the company leader saying that I was sick on Friday and needed to take a day off. At this time, a hash value will be generated based on the message I sent, such as: 123456. At this point, when the leader receives this message, a hash value is also generated. Because the content of the message I sent has not changed (it has not been tampered with), the hash value remains unchanged, still: 123456. This is if someone wants to tamper with this news and get sick on Friday and need to take a year off. At this time, the hash value will change, such as: 123489. That's when we learned our information had been tampered with.

2. Asymmetric encryption

It is mainly used for information encryption and authentication. It is actually two keys, one is called the public key and the other is called the private key. Public key encryption, private key decryption.

A public key is a key that everyone has. You own it, I own it. We can all encrypt with this key, but when decrypting it must be decrypted with my private key. If you don't have my private key, you can't decrypt it.

(C) The blockchain uses a consensus algorithm to reach consensus on new data.

The role of the consensus algorithm is to enable all nodes to reach a consensus on the new block. In other words, everyone must approve the new block.

For a centralized deployment system, this is simple, everything is controlled by the center, but in the distributed system of the blockchain, it is very complicated. For example, there are three nodes. A said he bought a mobile phone from XXX store and paid for it, B said he didn’t pay, and C said he didn’t pay enough. Then who do you listen to? What's more, blockchain technology is not as simple as three nodes, but a huge distributed system.

This is when a solution is needed. There is a corresponding problem in computer science called the "Byzantine Universal Problem" or "Byzantine Fault Tolerance" (BFT). This question was raised not because of Bitcoin, but because of a special background.

Early aircraft had three independent control systems. Why do we need three independent control systems? For example, in an emergency, there is a plane opposite. How to judge whether you should hide? If there is only one system, there is no choice, which is equivalent to centralized deployment. If the system breaks, you're dead. What if one of the two systems breaks? The good ones are said to hide, and the bad ones are said not to hide. The computer cannot judge the final result. Therefore, three independent systems are needed to support it, and the probability of two total failures is still very small. But this only takes into account injuries. What should I do if there is a malicious system? Is three enough? The answer is no, we need four systems to maintain consensus.

The use of blockchain is similar, because it is supported by a huge number of nodes, and each node is an independent system without interfering with each other. We can assume that failed nodes and malicious nodesThe number of points is limited, so it will not cause abnormal consistency in the data.

Related questions and answers: What is blockchain? What is the use?

Blockchain is a new computing paradigm and distributed infrastructure that uses fast chain data structures, distributed node consensus algorithms, cryptography and smart contracts based on automated script code to produce, verify, store and transmit data. It can also be said that blockchain is a distributed ledger technology that can provide a decentralized trust mechanism in a non-trust environment, allowing multi-party participants to conduct secure and trust-based transactions without intermediaries.

The core advantage of blockchain technology is decentralization. It can realize decentralized credit-based transactions in a distributed system where nodes do not need to trust each other by using data encryption, timestamps, distributed consensus and economic incentives. Point-to-point transactions, coordination and collaboration provide solutions to the common problems of high cost, low efficiency and insecure data storage in centralized institutions.

The fields of use of blockchain include digital currency, certificates, finance, anti-counterfeiting and traceability, privacy protection, supply chain, entertainment, etc. With the popularity of blockchain and Bitcoin, many related top domain names have been registered. It has had a relatively large impact on the domain name industry.

Related Q&A: Can you explain to me what a blockchain is in an easy-to-understand way?

Er Gazi is my friend since we were young, and we were naked in Hegou together. Later, I came to the city to study and work, and lived a life as a drifter in the north; he farmed at home and did some small business, and now he has a son and a daughter, and his life is safe. He envied my so-called "seen the world", and I envied his simple life without the pressure of mortgage loans. We have completely different and mutually enviable lives??

That day, Ga Zi came to me on WeChat and asked "District" What is a blockchain?" I was stunned for a moment, how could this idiot care about such an avant-garde word? I pretended to be calm and prepared to talk about the technical principles bit by bit, but I could see the confused expression of that idiot through the screen of my mobile phone. How to explain "what is blockchain" to people who have a little bit of Internet concepts and technical foundation? This seems to be a very thorny problem??

The village commissary interprets the core of blockchain (picture quoted from the Internet)

The core essence of blockchain is "decentralization", and almost all operating modes of blockchain operate around the concept of "decentralization". Once you understand what "decentralization" is, you can basically explain the question "what is a blockchain?" For Erga, of course, he must perform a version that he can understand.

“I said, Gazi, are you still open that canteen at the east end of the village?” Gazi answered yes. I decided to use this canteen as an example to explain the actual use of blockchain in modern business and financial models. Scenario, so that he can better understand what blockchain is.

"Are there still many villagers who take credit now? By the end of the year, some of the accounts cannot be remembered clearly, and there are still many defaulters or those who refuse to accept their accounts?" At this point, Ergazi got emotional and kept complaining. Nowadays, people's hearts are not as old as before, and business is difficult to do!

"Before youThe operation mode of the canteen is a typical centralized one. You grant credit to the villagers and you can take credit. All accounting is directly connected with our villagers through you. You are the center of all accounting. " Ergazi said he understood and let me continue.

I said: "If you fail one day, then all the debts will become dead debts? It is estimated that it will be difficult to get back the IOUs written in black and white. Forget about remembering those accounts orally, but the decentralization of the blockchain can solve this problem very well. As long as the earth still exists, then the blockchain will remember that every account will exist forever." Erga became more energetic after hearing this.

The essence of the blockchain is "decentralization"

"The The essence is decentralization. Once someone takes credit from you, all the neighbors in the village will help you keep accounts. Because there are many nodes for accounting, it is neither easy to make mistakes nor others can refuse to pay, so everyone reaches a consensus. If someone maliciously fails to repay the debt, the whole village will know his character, and no one will be willing to have financial dealings with him in the future??"

At this point, Gazi was obviously a little excited. It seemed that he was I was really worried about the credit issue. Seeing that Gazi was interested, I also felt a small sense of accomplishment and continued: "Of course, the above is just an analogy. In fact, the blockchain does not really allow villagers to get paper. The pen helps you keep accounts, but it is done through the Internet and computer networking. "

At this time, Gazi was a little confused and asked: "Then what others bought from me, wouldn't everyone in the village know it? Then who would buy things from me? There is really no privacy at all. And you don’t have time to keep accounts here. Last year’s accounts are said to be this year’s. What if you keep procrastinating? "

"Okay, Gazi, your question is on point. "It seems that Gazi is not stupid at all, and he is very shrewd in doing business. I continued to explain: "So, the recording and transmission of this information are all done through encryption. What you see is a picture of numbers and English. String, and each account has a timestamp to record the time of occurrence, which cannot be relied on. "

Gazi had another question: "Is it possible that the people who owe the debt have a good relationship with the villagers, and they join forces to tamper with the accounting? Then you won’t be able to explain clearly at that time??”

“Gazi, that’s all you have, haha. "I understood Gazi's concerns and continued to explain: "The mechanism of the blockchain requires more than 51% of people to agree to tamper with a bill. Everyone has a degree of closeness and distance between them, and it is impossible for everyone to favor the same person. If it were a computer, more than half of the computers on the entire network would need to recalculate. This project would be so huge that it would be almost impossible to complete??"

In this way, through the actual situation of the canteen and combined with some scenes in life, Gazi understood What is in the blockchain: decentralization, distributed accounting, consensus mechanism, encryption mechanism, timestamps, and the characteristics of being difficult to tamper with.

Ergazi was silent for a moment, seeming to be digesting the example I just gave him. I don’t know how much he can understand the example. Not long after, he sent me a voice message on WeChat: "Does the blockchain mean that I used to learn from the Internet?"All purchases and payments have to go through Jack Ma’s house. If there is a blockchain, can we directly trade with the seller? Anyway, the accounting is very safe. "

"Okay, Gazi, it's really clear at first glance. Blockchain is essentially a decentralized distributed ledger data cloud. Of course, it can be understood according to your understanding. "I'm very happy that Gazi can roughly appreciate the true charm of the blockchain. Fortunately, my words have not been in vain.

What is Bitcoin? (Picture quoted from the Internet)

"Then Bitcoin What is this thing again? What does it have to do with blockchain? "Gazi asked.

I thought about it briefly and decided to continue to explain to Gazi with the story of the canteen: "In your canteen, the villagers can't keep accounts for you for free all day long. Do you have to carry some during the holidays? This is the reward mechanism of the blockchain, and everyone who participates in bookkeeping may receive rewards. "

"Then what are the rewards based on? There has to be a rule, right? "Gazi asked very puzzled.

I explained: "Zhang San went to your store to borrow a pack of cigarettes on credit, but Li Si knew about it first and kept an account for you first, and then others knew about it. Keep accounts, then Li Si will be able to get a small red flower as a reward ~ This small red flower is generated by the blockchain system and has no value in itself, so you do not need to pay any cost for this small red flower??"< p>“Can Bitcoin be spent as money? How is it different from the banknotes we usually spend? "Gazi continued to ask.

"Bitcoin is a digital encrypted virtual currency. In principle, it has no value itself like our banknotes. However, banknotes have a credit guarantee from the state, so they have value. Bitcoin is the value formed by consensus among Bitcoin network users, and it has tradable properties, so it can be used to carry value. "What is said here is a bit profound. I don't know if I can understand it.

I continued to explain: "Banknotes can be printed infinitely. If more are printed, inflation will occur. When we were young, popsicles worth 1 cent were very good. , now you can’t eat with 1 yuan. Of course, there are many factors that affect inflation. The number of Bitcoins is fixed, and there is no possibility of unlimited over-issuance. However, different people have different judgments on their value, and coupled with the influence of supply and demand and investor sentiment, their prices are always fluctuating. ”

What is the difference between Bitcoin price fluctuations and stocks?

“So is speculating in Bitcoin just like speculating in stocks? Can you understand it this way? "Gazi seems to know a lot.

"In fact, there are some similarities, but there are also big differences. "I continued Gazi's topic: "The price of stocks always fluctuates around the valuation of companies, and there is government supervision in the stock market. Bitcoin itself has no value. It is priced entirely based on supply and demand and player valuations. It grows wildly without any government supervision. Therefore, it may have higher risks and higher returns than stocks. "

In the end, Gazi revealed the real purpose of today. He asked me: "Can I invest in blockchain projects? ”

If you don’t go to the Three Treasures Hall for nothing, you will beA typical example of this. Despite a large circle, both blockchain and Bitcoin, in fact, the question he really cares about is "Is investment in blockchain projects reliable?" When these words came out, I was extremely shocked. Now The so-called blockchain investment projects have actually reached fourth- and sixth-tier cities and small towns!

Up to now, there are only three situations in investing in blockchain: mining, currency speculation, and so-called blockchain projects.

Mining and currency speculation are still the main lines of the blockchain (pictures quoted from the Internet)

The so-called mining is to obtain returns by purchasing mining equipment such as mining machines, mining virtual currencies, and then selling them for cash. . You can install the mining machine yourself, or you can find a mining pool to host it, but the core keys to profitability are "computing power" and "power consumption" as well as investment in equipment. With the sharp drop in the price of virtual currencies and the increase in mining difficulty, the current mining returns of many currencies are very unsatisfactory. Mining is obviously something only a very small number of investors who understand technology can do well, and my childhood friend Gazi obviously can’t do it.

As for "coin speculation", I have just introduced some differences between Bitcoin and stocks in the previous section. In principle, although they are both "buy low and sell high" operations, they are very different. Ordinary investors cannot determine the value of a virtual currency itself. The price is determined entirely by the relationship between supply and demand, which is somewhat similar to what we often call "market makers." On the other hand, the virtual currency trading market is extremely unstandardized, and fraud and hacker attacks often occur. The risk factor is much greater than investing in stocks. For the safety of my friends' funds, I am one of the ten thousand people who disagree with me and come to "speculate in coins"!

The "September Fourth Movement" stipulated that the issuance of virtual currencies is illegal

In fact, in my opinion, most of the so-called investment projects in the market are essentially "illegal fund-raising" and "pyramid schemes." Some so-called blockchain investment projects attract investors into the circle through various packaging and inflammatory rhetoric, and then create the illusion of profitability by building a software and hardware ecosystem of issuing new coins + mining + currency speculation, and then finally run away. Our country's laws clearly stipulate that the issuance of virtual currencies is illegal.

Illegal pyramid schemes now wear the cloak of blockchain (picture quoted from the Internet)

And how to identify some pyramid schemes under the guise of blockchain? In fact, these pyramid schemes are also so-called Ponzi schemes, what we people often call "empty gloves." These so-called "direct sales" or "marketing" activities often have no actual products to circulate, and rely more on developing "downline" to ensure top-level profits. With the rise of the concept of blockchain, this MLM model has shown an intensification trend, and it even deceives people under the banner of state support for new technologies.

When Gazi asked, “Can blockchain projects be invested in?”, I realized the seriousness of the problem. Gazi is a typical young man from a small town, and his pursuit is his wife and children. But when faced with the attraction of "wealth", people often do inappropriate things. Mining and currency speculation are simply not suitable for him, let alone blockchain investment projects that are most likely "illegal financing" or "illegal pyramid schemes"!

I quickly called Gazi and conducted the above analysis carefully??

❷ Dr. Wei Jianping: What can blockchain technology bring to urban management

On September 18, Dr. Wei Jianping, senior vice president of Times Lingyu, was invited to attend the "2020 Yunqi Conference·Ant Chain Industry Application New Model" roundtable dialogue to share blockchain with leaders from various industries such as Ant Group and e-Shanbao. He talked about the role that technology can play in urban management, the convenience it brings to the people, and how to use digital technology to drive application innovation and industry progress.

Dr. Wei Jianping said that making urban life better through the innovative application of information technology is the corporate mission that Times Lingyu Company has always adhered to, and the company is constantly exploring innovative applications of blockchain technology in the field of urban management. Urban management involves many fields, and it also provides a wealth of application scenarios for the application of blockchain technology.

When discussing the prospects of blockchain technology for future industrial upgrading and industry applications, Dr. Wei Jianping pointed out that the application of blockchain technology has broad prospects in e-government fields such as urban management.

First of all, the concept and technology of blockchain can break down line divisions and data silos, promote further optimization of business processes, provide governments at all levels with new technical tools, collaborative platforms and infrastructure, and promote Cross-level, cross-department, and cross-region data sharing; secondly, it helps to establish a data trust mechanism to ensure that trusted data is authentic, non-tamperable and traceable; finally, it can solve the problem of status information, certificates and licenses of various subjects in the government field. Frequent changes in data, etc., make it difficult for relevant parties to obtain and verify information in a timely manner, promote the process of government information disclosure, and comprehensively improve the overall level of government services.

Dr. Wei Jianping emphasized that to completely change the current decentralized construction model of my country's government service system and achieve the goals of data sharing and collaborative application in large-scale government affairs, further integration is needed, including district offices. The new generation of information technology, including search link technology, achieves innovation and breakthroughs in technical systems and application practices.

❸ Can the penetration of blockchain technology promote the transformation of traditional education

The birth and development of blockchain provide some opportunities to solve the problems of traditional education and Internet education. Introducing traffic by matching educational

educational resources, and then using the dividends to form a virtual currency ecosystem for secondary market transactions or consumption in the social circle will be leveraged by the blockchain A way in the field of education.

Before talking about blockchain technology and applications, let us first review a story. Through the

thinking derived from this story, we begin to outline and outline the relationship between blockchain and Those things that combine with the education industry.

The problem of Byzantine generals is a matter of agreement. The Byzantine Empire’s armyThe generals must decide unanimously

whether to attack a certain enemy force. The problem is that these generals are geographically separated and there are

traitors among the generals. Traitors can act at will to achieve the following goals: trick certain generals into taking offensive action; facilitate a decision that not all generals agree with, such as facilitating an offensive when the generals do not wish to attack; or confuse

Confusing certain generals so that they cannot make decisions. If the traitor achieves one of these objectives, the outcome of any attack

operation is doomed to failure, and only a fully unanimous effort can lead to victory.

Mathematicians designed a set of algorithms: after receiving the information from the previous general, the generals add their own signatures

and then transfer the names to others except themselves. In addition to other generals, such information modules form a blockchain.

The purpose of blockchain: to verify the validity of information

The definition of blockchain: decentralized trust mechanism

The following two pictures Comparing the pictures, the picture above shows the existing centralization method, and the picture below shows the decentralization method of blockchain technology

. In layman's terms, the blockchain is a general ledger that contains all historical transactions. Each block contains several

transaction records. If the blockchain is a ledger, then a block is each page of the ledger. The details of the transaction

are recorded in a public ledger that can be seen by anyone on the network.

Xiao Q once analyzed the market

in the article "A Brief Analysis of Opportunities and Problems in the Online Education Industry: We Still Have These Opportunities":
< br /> A large number of high-quality educational resources are not informatized, and there is a lack of unified platform management of educational resources, which makes drainage difficult

Difficult, poor promotion, and insufficient application are not conducive to learning and sharing; existing information Educational resources are relatively scattered

and have not become systematic; especially in third- and fourth-tier cities, demand from both ends of the supply chain is strong, and students in third- and fourth-tier cities

have a strong demand for extracurricular tutoring. , but excellent local teachers are very limited.

It can be seen that there is a core pain point in the education industry:

Excellent resources (education resources) and excellent students (parents) are the two major entry points for education. .

The emerging blockchain technology may be able to alleviate these two major pain points. Let’s take a look:

HelpHelp students with good records to obtain more incentives and provide employers with real and reliable student resources

. Achieve a seamless connection between student skills and social employment needs, and effectively promote cooperation between schools and enterprises.

Realize face-to-face recruitment with offline recruitment, making the online resource matching process more direct and simple.

The "decentralization" feature of the blockchain can appropriately open up the originally closed resource pool. Strip away some of the benefits that the resource matching platform can derive from

and allow direct "dialogue" between supply and demand. Whether it is an internship before graduation

or employment after graduation, or a junior high school or junior high school, it is a two-way choice, and we strive to choose the best choice with resources

process.

For example: The cost of cross-border remittances is high. Through blockchain technology, small foreign financial institutions

can be absorbed into the self-built ecosystem and the interest rates of overseas remittances can be adjusted. Cost Control.

Principle: Using the distributed ledger technology of blockchain, eliminating the manual processing steps of intermediaries and bank staff

, inter-bank transfers become bank point-to-point blockchain technology.

Benefits: Blockchain can avoid complicated systems and create a more direct

payment process between payers and payees, whether it is domestic transfers or cross-border transfers. Cross-border transfers are low-cost, fast

and do not require intermediate fees.

Example: Cooperation between schools and enterprises, linking the student status system and the certification system, making students’ 3-4 years of college study results and courses online, and using district Blockchain establishes a true and reliable certification system.

Principle: The learning data is completely recorded in the digital classified "ledger". Once the "ledger" is encrypted, it

cannot be modified or modified. This ensures the privacy and security of student information and reduces the risk of false

.

Benefits: Students' grades and credit completion progress can be placed in the certification system and will not be changed permanently.

At the same time, the school's student status is linked to the recruitment of enterprises and institutions. Through the certification system, students' entire learning situation and quality in colleges and universities can be understood, and the information should be disclosed and true to increase employment opportunities for employers. .

❹ The great chess game of the times: the central bank’s digital currency supports China’s bold implementation of free convertibility of the renminbi - draft

The great chess game of the times: the central bank’s digital currency supportSupport China’s bold implementation of RMB free convertibility

Currency Circle Zi Zhi Tong Jian 6 days ago

The central bank’s digital currency is a great game of the times!

Asia Weekly published an article in 2019. A visionary god predicted that the RMB will be freely convertible and thoroughly dismantled the logic!

As of June 18, 2020: The top decision-makers of the Party Central Committee in the fields of economy, finance, and securities simultaneously announced the "free convertibility of the RMB" at the 12th Shanghai Lujiazui Forum, and Singapore's senior officials took advantage of the opportunity to Shanghai exchanges views on digital currency interconnection!

01

The central bank's digital currency in disguise realizes the free exchange of RMB

If today's RMB is restricted by free exchange, it cannot become overseas to become overseas to become becomes overseas. As the basic settlement currency in international trade, if the virtual digital currency issued by the central bank relying on blockchain technology is accepted by a large number of digital currency exchanges, it will be equivalent to realizing the free convertibility of the RMB from another level. In international trade, any party holding the virtual digital currency of the Central Bank of China can exchange this digital currency for Bitcoin or other virtual digital currencies through an exchange, and then exchange it for other legal currencies. In this way, China will get rid of the traditional foreign exchange settlement channel under the hegemony of the US dollar and is expected to create a new settlement currency for international trade. Even if it cannot replace the US dollar for the time being, it can replace stablecoins such as USDT in Internet trade, and it can also become the basic currency for international personal payments.

At present, China is worried about foreign exchange outflows and dare not allow the free convertibility of the RMB. In the future, the outflow of the central bank's virtual digital currency will have nothing to do with foreign exchange, because the anchor behind it will definitely still be the RMB. This also breaks the current curse of asset outflows and foreign exchange declines. Even if the outflow of virtual digital currencies is allowed, there is no need to worry about foreign exchange reserves.reduce. This is why we believe that at this moment, the central government should elevate to the Politburo level to pay attention to the development of blockchain technology.

The third type of virtual currency is a comprehensive innovation of security tokens that takes advantage of blockchain technology to "confirm ownership." The 2017 ICO made many people discover that tokens combined with smart contracts can actually use funds more effectively than stocks, bonds, options, etc., while improving efficiency. However, because the existing legal regulatory framework cannot effectively regulate the responsible parties for token financing, the token economy has begun to become somewhat bleak in the past two years. There are also various problematic projects that use tokens to fish in troubled waters, making tokens The economy is considered a "scam". However, as the world gains a greater consensus on blockchain and more information and rights are put on the "chain", the token economy, which has made huge innovations in the existing financial system, will eventually return.

Under the influence of the "cypherpunk" organization led by libertarians, the road to virtual digital currency starting from Satoshi Nakamoto's Bitcoin white paper was originally intended to subvert the U.S. dollar. The international financial system must subvert the global economic order centered on any country's legal currency. Now, with the help of blockchain, China may be able to challenge the hegemony of the US dollar, but it also has to face the challenge of decentralization, and it is impossible for China to establish an international financial system dominated by RMB. The line written by Satoshi Nakamoto in the Bitcoin genesis block mocked the old financial order. Today’s financial order in China is also within the scope of his ridicule. As China fully embraces blockchain, it needs to understand and utilize blockchain better than the United States to help rebuild the new global economic order and financial system. This is the real breakthrough.

China also has a more favorable advantage than the United States, which is that China is not as dependent on the hegemony of the US dollar as the United States, so it is easier for China to turn around. With the top-down emphasis on blockchain technology, in addition to finance, blockchain, a decentralized social organization idea that combines "people" and "machine", will inspire more people. Gradually manifest and play its role. This may have more far-reaching consequences.   USD monopoly

At the time of the Sino -US trade war, China vigorously promoted blockchain technology, looking for economic breakthroughs, and challenging the US dollar hegemony. China is studying to launch a "RMB 3.0" cryptocurrency system, which will be linked to sovereign credit and establish an appropriate proportional relationship with national GDP, fiscal revenue, and gold reserves. China leads the world in the field of blockchain. There are seven Chinese companies in the top ten of the global blockchain enterprise invention patent rankings, and China's patents account for 67%.

Blockchain is China's search for an economic breakthrough during the Sino-US trade war. It is not only a new industrial economic growth point, but also regarded by China as a good way to challenge the hegemony of the US dollar. Blockchain has recently received great attention from China's top leaders. In a speech on October 24, they called blockchain "a breakthrough for independent innovation in core technologies." Subsequently, the People's Daily and other official media published editorials in support, which also led to China's Blockchain-related stocks in the stock market have surged. Bitcoin surged by 20% on October 27, and blockchain concept stocks in the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets are also rising. The development of blockchain in China has two directions. The first is to combine blockchain technology with real industries to promote and improve the efficiency of existing industries. The second is to launch the "RMB 3.0" currency system to fight against the hegemony of the US dollar and find a new way to develop. The currency system further digitizes the RMB (digital, digital).

RMB 3.0 represents the RMB entering a new stage. Huang Qifan, Vice Chairman of the China Center for International Economic Exchanges, said that the People’s Bank of China is likely to be the first central bank in the world to launch a digital currency. RMB 1.0 is a paper currency, while RMB 2.0 is going electronic, entering the homes of ordinary people through Alipay, WeChat payment and other systems, and becoming a daily payment tool. RMB 3.0 is digital and becomes a cryptocurrency. Any currency involves the issue of mortgage and support. Huang Qifan believes that digital currency should be linked to sovereign credit and establish an appropriate proportional relationship with national GDP, fiscal revenue, and gold reserves to serve as credit support for RMB 3.0. He also said that the digital currency of the People’s Bank of China should be (DCEP) is a replacement for M0 (cash in circulation), rather than digitizing existing currencies, that is, gradually converting cash on the market into cryptocurrency. RMB 3.0 will get rid of concerns about exchange rate fluctuations with the US dollar, compete with each other, and promote the digital RMB to form a new ecosystem. With the support of huge domestic demand and the "One Belt, One Road" initiative, the hegemony of the US dollar will be challenged. At the current juncture of the Sino-US trade war, this is China's "sudden emergence" as a bargaining chip, posing strong pressure on the United States.

China has long been a pioneer in blockchain applications. In 2014, Vitalik Buteri, the inventor of Ethereum,n) When developing the "next generation cryptocurrency and decentralized application platform", it relies on the support of Chinese investors. Today, at least seven of the top ten global virtual currencies are closely related to the Chinese and global Chinese. The Chinese’s deep involvement in the blockchain field is actually also reflected in the Bitcoin “mining” project. Today, about 70% of miners are still in China. The world's largest mining company "Bitmain" and Canaan are both Chinese companies.

China's blockchain scientific research results are also the best in the world. According to the "Global Blockchain Enterprise Invention Patent Ranking in the First Half of 2019" jointly released by the intellectual property industry media IPRdaily and the incoPat Innovation Index Research Center "List", seven of the top ten companies applying for patents are Chinese companies, and only two are from the United States. The top two are China's Ant Financial and Ping An. In terms of countries, China accounts for 67% of patents, and the United States ranks second, accounting for only 16%. On the contrary, China has overtaken the United States in scientific research on blockchain. Alibaba's blockchain application scenarios include drug authenticity traceability, cross-border mobile phone transfers, electronic bills, etc., reflecting that in addition to cryptocurrency, China is also working hard to support the real economy with blockchain.

The "2018 China Blockchain Industry White Paper" released by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China last year also planned that the industries for future blockchain development include: commodity traceability, copyright protection and transactions, and electronic evidence storage. In more than a dozen industrial fields such as certificates, financial science, precision marketing, big data trading, industry, energy, medical, and digital identity Internet of Things, the "People's Daily" commentary also stated that blockchain innovation should be related to the hype of cryptocurrency and air currency. Differential treatment also points out that blockchain needs to be further developed and improved in terms of security, standards, and supervision, which means that it must be implemented and contribute to the real economy.

03

The source flow of the blockchain

Ten years ago, the founder of Bitcoin, Nakamoto, wrote a line in the creation block of the world. The permanently preserved text is the title of the front-page article in The Times that day: "On January 3, 2009, the chancellor is on the verge of implementing a second round of bank emergency bailouts." The purpose of Satoshi Nakamoto's move Obviously, he wanted people who would look up the genesis block in future generations to see that in the old daysAt a time when the current financial system was weak, a new financial system was born.

In the past ten years, Bitcoin has transformed from a game played by a few technical geniuses into a global financial tool. The blockchain technology summarized by Bitcoin has become the future The underlying foundation of the smart era. The span of this decade has dazzled many people. In fact, there is no need to extend the time to ten years. Even the changes in recent months have shocked many people.

                                                                                                                                                                                                              04
Libra, a certain stable currency, is almost going to rewrite the global payment landscape. Of course, this ambitious plan has been strongly blocked by the vested interest groups that currently control the hegemony of the US dollar in the name of supervision, causing Libra to be in trouble. On October 23, Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg testified before the U.S. Congress: “We need to discuss the risks of not innovating, especially the Chinese central bank’s digital currency... If China’s financial system becomes With the standards of more and more countries, it will be difficult for the United States to implement sanctions and various protective measures in the future.”

In the context of the current confrontation between China and the United States, Zuckerberg’s warning has just finished. There was an echo. China stepped forward from the highest level and cleared the biggest obstacle to the central bank’s digital currency. On the afternoon of the 24th, the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held its 18th collective study session on the current status and trends of blockchain technology development. The country emphasizes: "We must strengthen basic research, improve original innovation capabilities, and strive to make our country at the forefront of theory, occupy the commanding heights of innovation, and gain new industrial advantages in the emerging field of blockchain."

On September 4, 2017, after seven departments including the Central Bank, the Cyberspace Administration of China, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the China Banking Regulatory Commission, the China Securities Regulatory Commission, and the China Insurance Regulatory Commission issued an absolute ban on ICO financing, the development of the blockchain industry in China actually entered a new phase. A gray area. The ban has been imposed from top to bottom, seeming to limit the exploration of blockchain applications and development within the industry. The current top-level characterization of "taking blockchain as an important breakthrough for independent innovation in core technology" is tantamount to completely lifting the ban. Central bank digital currency can soon move from theory to practice, and other aspects should be liberalized accordingly.

As a technology, blockchain is not complicated. The key to blockchain is that it provides a decentralized social organization idea that combines "people" and "machine". What is important is society’s consensus and practice of this idea. If we say that in the first five years of Bitcoin, it was difficult for many people to see the birth of a new financial system, but in the last five years, especially the smart contracts that Ethereum relied on, people saw an upgraded version of Bitcoin. That is to say, the emergence of the so-called blockchain 2.0, people can really use this to completely rewrite the existing financial order, not only the payment order, but also the securities order, including the banking order, etc.

05

Switzerland Singapore has promoted blockchain

In the past five years, many countries seeking to occupy a higher status in the global financial system have long been Take action to fully embrace blockchain, typical examples include Switzerland and Singapore. They have long become believers of Satoshi Nakamoto and have long believed in the grand goal of Bitcoin's design. They are also practicing. But although their efforts have had an impact on the blockchain industry, they are not enough to shake the world's financial system. why? Because they are too small, the "consensus" formed by their country is not enough to drive the entire world.

Therefore, once major countries like China or the United States that can influence the world recognize the idea of ​​blockchain and then apply specific technologies to various industries, then a global consensus will be established. Only then will a new financial order emerge. Therefore, China and the United States are bound to encounter each other in terms of blockchain consensus standards. In recent months, such encounters have suddenly come to light.

Satoshi Nakamoto, who originally designed Bitcoin, whether he is a person or a team, whether he lives or dies, he laid the foundation for the creation of a financial system based on the Internet. However, the subsequent development of virtual currencies starting from Bitcoin and blockchain exceeded Satoshi Nakamoto's expectations and became more complex. Satoshi Nakamoto's design was to make Bitcoin a third-party payment currency in Internet trade. This goal has obviously not been achieved. Today's Bitcoin, in Internet trade, fulfills the role of another kind of financial work.

The so-called Internet trade does not refer to e-commerce, which moves offline stores online and then sells them. In the design of Satoshi Nakamoto’s Bitcoin white paper, Internet trade refers to emerging from the Internet ecosystem.And then trade is done in the Internet ecosystem. Because there is no offline involvement at all, transactions can be conducted through Bitcoin, a purely virtual currency. But now, with a constant total amount, Bitcoin is increasingly becoming a reserve currency and a tool that can be regarded as a store of value like gold. On the contrary, Libra in the design, or the central bank virtual currency that the People's Bank of China has been mentioning for a long time, can become a payment tool in Internet trade.

Today, relying on blockchain technology, three different types of virtual currencies have emerged. The first is Bitcoin. As more and more people around the world recognize Bitcoin, the so-called "consensus" is getting stronger and stronger. Bitcoin, whose current price is constantly fluctuating, will inevitably find a balance in valuation.

The second type is "Stablecoin" as a payment tool. Libra's mission is to "build a simple global monetary and financial infrastructure to serve billions of people." Mu Changchun, director of the Digital Currency Research Institute of the People's Bank of China, said in September that the People's Bank of China's version of digital currency is "ready to come out" and that the People's Bank of China's version of digital currency will adopt a two-tier structure and will be issued to institutions and directly to individuals. This means that China’s central bank’s version of digital currency is expected to become a tool for global netizens to enter the virtual currency trading market, replacing the current role of stable currencies such as USDT. More importantly, with the recognition of the world's second largest economy, which is the consensus of more than one billion people, the Chinese central bank's version of virtual digital currency can easily be accepted as a transaction tool for cross-border payments.

Original publication time is 2019-11-06

❺ Are you optimistic about the future of Citicoin?

CCTV Financial Channel once appeared on the "Dialogue" program It is clearly stated that the blockchain is the second era of the Internet, its value is ten times that of the Internet, and it is a machine for creating trust, so I am optimistic about the development of Citicoin. I am very glad that you can accept my answer. If you have any more questions, you can continue to ask, thank you

❻ What is blockchain technology and how does it change business and financial models

Blockchain technology is a distributed ledger technology that allows multiple participants to jointly maintain a secure, transparent and tamper-proof record on a decentralized network. Blockchain technology was originally designed for the digital currency Bitcoin, but is now widely used in many other fields.

The core features of blockchain technology include:

Decentralization: Blockchain has no central control agency, and data is distributed on various nodes in the network, which makes it decentralized. The centralization feature reduces the risk of single points of failure.

Transparency: Transaction records on the blockchain are public to all participants, and anyone can view these records. This helps increase trust and reduce the risk of fraud.

Immutable: Once a transaction is recorded on the blockchain, it cannot be tampered withEasily modify or delete. This guarantees data integrity and security.

Smart contracts: Transactions on the blockchain can be automatically executed to implement "smart contracts", which automatically execute corresponding operations when specific conditions are met. This helps simplify complex business processes and reduce costs.

Blockchain technology has had a profound impact on business and financial models, which is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

Reducing costs: Blockchain technology can reduce intermediary links and reduce costs. Transaction costs and operating costs. For example, by adopting blockchain for cross-border payments, remittance fees can be significantly reduced.

Improve efficiency: The automation and smart contract features of blockchain technology help improve the efficiency of business processes, reduce manual intervention, and reduce error rates.

Enhance trust: The transparency and non-tamperability of blockchain technology help to establish a reliable trust system, reduce the risk of fraud, and provide better protection for business activities.

Innovative business models: Blockchain technology has spawned many new business models, such as decentralized finance (DeFi), digital asset trading, supply chain finance, etc. These new business models have brought disruptive changes to existing industries.

In short, blockchain technology, as an emerging technical means, is gradually changing the landscape of business and finance. With the continuous development of technology and the in-depth promotion of applications, blockchain is expected to have a more extensive and far-reaching impact in the future

❼ What is the concept of blockchain What exactly is blockchain? Read it in three minutes!

On October 25, 2019, Xinwen Broadcast sent a very important signal: the country must vigorously develop blockchain. After that, blockchain has become an Internet celebrity, and the figure of "blockchain" is floating in the streets and alleys. In fact, many technology companies have already deployed blockchain technology.

Although blockchain is very popular, many people do not know much about blockchain.

What is blockchain?

Let’s first take a look at how Du Niang explained it. Network display: Blockchain is a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithms.

Why is blockchain called blockchain?

The blockchain is linked by blocks one by one, and the blocks are storage units that record the communication information of each block node. The blocks are much like the records of a database. Each block is a storage unit. Writing data every time creates a block. With the expansion of information exchange, one block continues with another, and the result is called a blockchain.

What are the characteristics of blockchain?

Blockchain mainly has the following characteristics:

1. Decentralization: In the blockchain system, every node hasEqual rights and obligations, no central control here. Decentralization has well established trust relationships with each other. Although there is no central management organization, people can collaborate with each other and trust each other. This mainly applies blockchain distributed ledger technology.

2. Openness: Blockchain data is open to everyone. Except for some encrypted information that is not open, everyone can check the data here.

3. Independence: The entire blockchain system does not rely on other third parties. All nodes can automatically and securely verify and exchange data within the system without any human intervention.

4. Security: Blockchain has a certain degree of security and cannot be tampered with. Because everyone in the blockchain system has the same ledger, if someone wants to tamper with it, it is possible to forge a non-existent record only if they control more than 51% of the accounting nodes. Of course, this is basically impossible. This is mainly due to the core technology of the blockchain: the consensus mechanism. The consensus mechanism has the characteristics of "the minority obeys the majority" and "everyone is equal".

5. Anonymity: Many people think that if the blockchain is so open and transparent, will we lose privacy? In fact, no, although the transaction information in the blockchain is open and transparent, the identity information of the account is encrypted and can only be accessed with authorization.

Now let me tell you a story to help you better understand the blockchain.

There are three people in the family, mom, dad, older brother and younger brother. Last year, my father was in charge of the family's account books. He was responsible for all the family's income and expenses alone.

However, on the day of Double Eleven, my mother, who has always been frugal, wanted to buy herself a beautiful piece of clothing on a certain online store. When she checked the account book, she found something was wrong. It stands to reason that except for some money deposited in banks and financial management, the whereabouts of the daily consumption money at home are all in this account book, but no matter how you look at it, it is wrong. Some consumption is clearly not recorded, but is recorded.

Later, my father took the initiative to confess that he couldn’t help but buy a pack of cigarettes.

Later, my mother changed her strategy and the whole family kept accounts. Everyone recorded their monthly consumption expenditure in their own account books. Whenever there was a transaction or consumption at home, my mother would shout, "Book it," and everyone would record the transaction in their own books. This is the decentralized accounting model, where everyone is the center and everyone has a ledger.

The previous accounting model for dad was centralized accounting. If dad wanted to do something alone, it would be difficult for anyone to see it. The decentralized accounting model has solved the problem of centralization very well. The disadvantage of bookkeeping is that it is very difficult for dad to tamper with the books.

For example, if dadIf you want to take some money from the ledger and buy cigarettes secretly, the amount of money is limited, and if you want to take the money, you have to change the ledger. But just tampering with your own ledger is not enough. He has to change the three people including himself. All personal ledgers have been changed. And this is undoubtedly more difficult than reaching the sky.

So, many times my father had the idea of ​​smoking, but he had no choice but to give up the idea due to the current situation.

Are blockchain and Bitcoin the same thing?

In fact, blockchain and Bitcoin are not the same thing. It is just the underlying technology of Bitcoin. Bitcoin is the first digital currency applied by blockchain.

In 2008, Satoshi Nakamoto first proposed the concept of blockchain. In the following years, it became a core component of the electronic currency Bitcoin, serving as a public account book for all transactions. Blockchain was first applied to Bitcoin.

The origin of blockchain is to solve the problem of trust, and one of the most successful applications of blockchain is digital currency. Bitcoin is arguably the most successful application of blockchain so far.

What are the applications of blockchain?

The application of blockchain is actually very wide. In addition to digital currency, the future applications of Bitcoin are still very extensive. Blockchain technology has been widely used in different industries. Such as product traceability, copyright protection and transactions, payment and settlement, Internet of Things, digital marketing, medical care, etc., promoting different industries to quickly enter the "blockchain+" era.

1. Payment and clearing: Blockchain can abandon the role of transit banks, realize point-to-point payment, reduce transit fees, and accelerate fund utilization.

2. Product traceability: For example, if we buy a piece of clothing on a certain store, we can see the past and present life of this piece of clothing.

3. Securities trading: Traditional securities trading requires the coordination of four major institutions, which is inefficient and costly. Blockchain technology can independently complete one-stop services.

4. Supply chain: Introducing blockchain technology into the supply chain system, synchronizing information within the system can control all links, better complete division of labor and collaboration, and facilitate subsequent accountability.

5. Intellectual property rights: With copyright on the chain, our photographic works, musical works, literary works, etc. will become our information, and the ownership of the information will be confirmed and become our property.

❽ The concept of blockchain is generally rising, and attention is paid to its strategic position

Disk observation

As of the close, the Shanghai Stock Exchange Index reported 2980.05 points, Up 0.85%, the Shenzhen Component Index reported 9801.87 points, up 1.46%; the Chuang Index reported 1704.42 points, up 1.74%. From the market perspective, blockchain, digital China, and domestic software are at the top of the sector growth list, while aquaculture, banking andThe Bank and Guangdong Free Trade Zone sectors were among the top losers.

Outlook

In today’s market, the stocks of blockchain concepts have risen without any doubt. The reason is very simple. On the afternoon of October 24, the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held its 18th collective study session on the current status and trends of blockchain technology development. During the meeting, it was clearly stated that blockchain will be an important breakthrough for independent innovation of my country's core technology, and that it will accelerate the promotion of blockchain technology and industrial innovation and development, and conduct basic and innovative research on blockchain and promote blockchain and the real economy. Deep integration and other aspects have put forward requirements. This news caused a huge shock in the external market. What is more prominent is that a certain Chinese concept stock that laid out the blockchain in 2014 achieved a one-day doubling in price after the news came out last weekend, with an overnight increase of 108%. At the same time, Bitcoin’s price surged by 40% and exceeded the $10,000 mark, driven by the expectation of the third halving. (There is a big difference between blockchain technology and Bitcoin, which investors also need to study clearly.)

Blockchain technology can solve the problems of trust and rules, and will be experienced in the medium and long term. Infrastructure, practical applications and industrial changes are expected to truly bring social value. This technology should be the first to be applied in the fields of finance, judicial administration, and digital currency. It is recommended to pay attention to industry leaders, information technology companies, and related hardware support companies with certain technical reserves.

Operational Strategy

In the short term, the blockchain industry may gain more attention from the application perspective, but the basic technology and security governance industries that receive less attention may become cost-effective. Higher investment direction. [Investment Consultant Wenfu, Practice Certificate No.: S0260611050006]

❾ What is blockchain

❿ Young people in the early stages When entering the workplace, how should you choose a city, industry, or company?

It is normal to be confused in the workplace, and Brother 5 has also overcome confusion.

Don’t just graduate, many people are still confused after working for eight or ten years, so confusion is not terrible. Confusion means that there is a temporary lack of staged goals, which is a workplace syndrome of being overwhelmed.

So when you first enter the workplace, how do you get out of the confusion and find your career direction?

Hope to adopt thank you