政府工作报告区块链,从政府工作报告看区块链未来发力点
《政府工作报告》提到，要加强区块链技术应用的研究，推动区块链技术在金融、政务等领域的创新和应用，这为推动区块链未来发力点拓展提供了重要支撑。从政府工作报告看，区块链未来发力点拓展主要有以下三个方面：
一、金融领域应用金融领域是区块链技术应用的重要领域，也是政府工作报告提到的重点领域。金融领域应用区块链技术，可以极大提高金融服务的效率和安全性，改善金融服务的流程，降低金融服务成本，提高金融服务的可见度。例如，金融机构可以利用区块链技术实现跨行业的数据共享，降低金融机构的风险，提高金融服务的安全性；金融机构可以利用区块链技术实现资金跟踪，提高金融服务的可见度；金融机构可以利用区块链技术实现资金流动的实时监控，提高金融服务的安全性，减少金融服务的成本。
二、政务领域应用政务领域是区块链技术应用的重要领域，也是政府工作报告提到的重点领域。政务领域应用区块链技术，可以提高政务服务的效率和安全性，改善政务服务的流程，降低政务服务成本，提高政务服务的可见度。例如，政府机构可以利用区块链技术实现数据共享，提高政务服务的效率；政府机构可以利用区块链技术实现资金跟踪，提高政务服务的可见度；政府机构可以利用区块链技术实现资金流动的实时监控，提高政务服务的安全性，减少政务服务的成本。
三、社会和公共服务领域应用社会和公共服务领域是区块链技术应用的重要领域，也是政府工作报告提到的重点领域。社会和公共服务领域应用区块链技术，可以提高社会和公共服务的效率和安全性，改善社会和公共服务的流程，降低社会和公共服务成本，提高社会和公共服务的可见度。例如，社会和公共服务机构可以利用区块链技术实现数据共享，提高社会和公共服务的效率；社会和公共服务机构可以利用区块链技术实现资金跟踪，提高社会和公共服务的可见度；社会和公共服务机构可以利用区块链技术实现资金流动的实时监控，提高社会和公共服务的安全性，减少社会和公共服务的成本。
从政府工作报告看，区块链未来发力点拓展主要包括金融领域应用、政务领域应用和社会和公共服务领域应用，这将有助于提高金融服务、政务服务和社会和公共服务的效率和安全性，改善服务的流程，降低服务成本，提高服务的可见度，从而推动区块链技术的发展和应用。
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㈠ Blockchain development action plans "Blockchain+" have been issued in many places to show off their potential
[Zhongya Finance] Recently, Hebei, Guizhou, Hunan, Beijing, Guangzhou, Ganzhou and other provinces and cities have released blockchain development action plans to plan for the construction of blockchain platforms and promote the "on-chain" of enterprises. , the domestic blockchain industry is ushering in a rare development opportunity. At present, blockchain technology has been implemented in judicial certificate storage, government affairs management, people's livelihood services, food traceability, supply chain management and other scenarios. In the future, it may show its talents in new infrastructure, industrial chain transformation, public services and other fields, providing high-quality services. Quality development is gaining momentum.
During the epidemic prevention period, Mr. Ma, a Beijing citizen, fell in love with online shopping. After he recently received a box of Anhui Dangshan Su pears, he found a QR code with "Blockchain Traceability" written on the package. Scanning it with his mobile phone revealed the name of the e-commerce company selling the pears, the location of the authentic place of origin, and the product. "Identity" information such as features and quality alliances to which it belongs is clear at a glance, and even the number of QR code scans is clearly displayed. Mr. Ma said: "Seeing such detailed and accurate product information makes me more confident in the quality of the product."
The application of blockchain technology in online shopping has been an active innovation technology application scenario in recent years. an epitome of. According to the "2018-2019 China Blockchain Development Annual Report" released by the China Blockchain Ecological Alliance, blockchain technology is most actively used in the financial field, and has formed an important role in cross-border payments, asset management, supply chain finance, etc. A batch of new products that can undertake actual business; phased results have been achieved in the fields of electronic certificate deposits and charity; and exploration has begun in the fields of medical services, government management, transportation and logistics.
Against this background, many domestic provinces and cities have recently issued blockchain development action plans. In the plan, building a blockchain open innovation platform and promoting the "online" of key enterprises have become the next focus of work in various places. For example, the "Beijing Blockchain Innovation and Development Action Plan" issued by Beijing in early July proposed that by 2022, it will take the lead in forming a "Beijing Plan" for blockchain to empower economic and social development; Guizhou Province issued in early May "About Accelerating District "Opinions on Blockchain Technology Application and Industrial Development" proposes that by 2022, 3 to 5 blockchain open innovation platforms and public service platforms will be built, and more than 100 growing blockchain companies will be introduced and cultivated; Hunan Province will The issued "Three-Year Action Plan for the Development of the Blockchain Industry in Hunan Province (2020-2022)" proposes to build more than 10 blockchain public service platforms by 2022 and promote 30,000 companies to get on the chain; Guangzhou, Guangdong, Ganzhou, Jiangxi It is also proposed to cultivate a number of key blockchain enterprises and promote typical application demonstration scenarios.
During the epidemic, "increasing investment" in various places"Blockchain technology development. Experts said that since this year, the demand for digital social governance innovation and soft and hard infrastructure construction has increased significantly, and the potential of blockchain technology in the technical transformation of industrial chains and government governance has become more prominent.
“As more and more people realize and enjoy the convenience brought by digital life, they are more determined to carry out digital reform and actively 'Win the chain' determination. "Pan Helin, Executive Dean of the Digital Economy Research Institute of Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, said that during the epidemic prevention period, blockchain technology has obvious advantages in information management, emergency supplies and food safety traceability, and identity authentication management. For the digital economy or blockchain From a technical point of view, the epidemic is a development opportunity. After the epidemic has spawned a large number of digital demands, blockchain will exert greater power in production and supply chain collaboration, public safety warning, and financing of small and medium-sized enterprises.
Use blockchain technology to build a "virtual factory" for Nankang furniture to trace the origin of Gannan navel orange products... In recent years, Ganzhou blockchain companies have continued to emerge, involving digital licenses, digital bills, anti-counterfeiting traceability, filing and notarization, There are also more and more businesses such as copyright protection and digital finance. To this end, the local area has recently established a blockchain service hall to ensure that these businesses are handled centrally.
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Some experts said that from a nationwide perspective, attempts to innovate blockchain service models and solve the difficulties of integrating blockchain technology with people's livelihood and the real economy are gradually increasing. As an emerging technology in the digital economy era , blockchain technology also faces many difficulties and obstacles in scientific research and implementation, including technical aspects. Blockchain encryption technology faces technical risks such as inference and even traceability; in terms of implementation, there are problems such as limited application fields and low industrial agglomeration effect. ; In addition, there are bottleneck issues such as lack of professional talents.
Action plans issued in many places also target these difficulties and blocking points. For example, the "Beijing Blockchain Innovation Development Action Plan" puts forward 4 key points Mission: Lead by innovation to build a blockchain theory and technology platform; drive by demand, build and implement a number of multi-field application scenarios; focus on development and cultivate an integrated and linked blockchain industry; ensure factor protection and build a leading blockchain talent echelon.
Affected by the epidemic, the accounting period of downstream engineering projects in some industries has become longer, and the pressure on upstream small and medium-sized suppliers has increased accordingly. This once made some small business owners very anxious, and they did not dare to take on big orders.
How to open up business flow, logistics and capital flow, so that the upstream and downstream of the industrial chain can "turn" together? Zhejiang's The approach is to build a blockchain receivables chain platform. This platform puts the accounts receivable accumulated in the supply chain online as "blockchain receivables", solving the risk of fraud that is difficult to prevent in traditional receivables financing. Upstream suppliers Receive the blockchain application issued online by the supply chain enterpriseAfter receiving the payment, it can be transferred to the bank for cash on the same day, eliminating the cumbersome procedures such as underwriting and signing, witnessing and confirming rights, and the "hardened" funds between the upstream and downstream of the industrial chain are revitalized.
Currently, blockchain applications are still in the early, niche and pilot stages. With the implementation of 5G technology, the increase in market data volume and the improvement of technical issues, more application cases are expected to appear in the future.
Experts said that in order to achieve safe and sustainable development of blockchain technology, we must first solve the technical problems, especially the realization of technical security, decentralization, scalability and other issues, which requires all parties to Cooperate fully; secondly, we must promptly pass legislation to protect the legal issues that may be faced during the development of blockchain technology, and at the same time severely crack down on the use of blockchain technology to commit illegal crimes.
(ii) The future development prospects of blockchain
1. Blockchain has become the forefront of global technological development and opened up a new track for international competition. Blockchain will become a new key infrastructure to further accelerate the development of the digital economy, lead a new round of global technological change and industrial change, and become the "source" of technological innovation and model innovation. The world's major developed countries will further pay attention to blockchain technology, intensively introduce relevant policy plans, increase industrial support and guidance, and enhance the competitiveness of their country's blockchain technology and industry.
2. The digital currency bubble gradually cools down. With the spread and popularization of the concept of blockchain technology, more and more people will realize that Bitcoin is not equivalent to blockchain, and various air coins will be gradually eliminated. Blockchain technology innovation will return to a more rational track. Technical features such as decentralization, multi-party collaboration, and anti-calculation tampering will be highly valued by relevant industries. Some industries with strong innovation capabilities will continue to emerge with blockchain applications that have been transformed based on industry characteristics.
(iii) WeBank helps the blockchain industry flourish
On July 19, the "Digital "Chain" Greater Bay Area" hosted by the China (Shenzhen) Comprehensive Development Research Institute— — Blockchain supports the integrated development of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Report (2022)" (hereinafter referred to as the "Report") press conference was held in Shenzhen.
The report believes that digital technology represented by blockchain can play an important role in breaking the ice of institutional differences in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, supporting the leapfrogging of the real economy and empowering innovation in social governance, and effectively boosting the development of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. The integrated development of the Hong Kong and Macao Greater Bay Area has entered a new era 2.0. The report uses a wealth of practical cases of blockchain usage scenarios to demonstrate the role and contribution of blockchain in the construction of digital economy, digital society, and digital government.
The Greater Bay Area has sounded the clarion call for the rise of blockchain.
“The blockchain field in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area is active in innovation, with rich application results, strong factor attraction, strong policy support, and an ecological development trend.” At the press conference, the report announced the development of the Greater Bay Area in A series of achievements in the blockchain field.
The report shows that in 2021, there were 10,710 blockchain-related invention patent applications in mainland China, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, of which 3,282 occurred in the Greater Bay Area, accounting for 31% of the total. In addition, largeA total of 756 articles on blockchain topics were published in the Bay Area. Compared with other world-class Bay Areas, the number has begun to clearly dominate.
In the context of unprecedented changes in a century, experts and scholars shared their thoughts on the value of blockchain. Fan Gang, a well-known economist and president of the China (Shenzhen) Comprehensive Development Research Institute, said that under the influence of international situations such as the epidemic and the Russia-Ukraine war, new changes have taken place in the international trade system and currency settlement system. Since the blockchain has the characteristics of privacy, mutual trust of real information, and no need to repeatedly verify duplicate information, it greatly improves transaction efficiency. In his view, with Internet technologies such as blockchain, and empowered by the open source ecosystem of large companies, more small businesses will use the platform to play a role.
Fan Gang, President of China (Shenzhen) Comprehensive Development Research Institute.
Therefore, the report believes that “the Greater Bay Area has sounded the clarion call for the rise of blockchain.” "The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area has the advantages of open markets, diversified needs, and talent gathering. The cutting-edge science and technology field represented by blockchain is actively innovating, achieving fruitful results, and the ecological development trend has been set. It has become the key to the development of blockchain at home and abroad. The new highland is pregnant with the strong development pulse and greater development future of blockchain and digital economy." Liu, deputy director of China (Shenzhen) Comprehensive Open Key Development Research Institute, said when releasing the report.
Expansion, integration and innovation of cutting-edge technology in "Xinjiang region"
Ma, Vice President and Chief Information Officer of WeBank.
This is an example of using blockchain across borders for trusted data.
Tang Jie, professor at the School of Economics and Management of Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) and former deputy mayor of Shenzhen, commented on the report and pointed out that currently, the application results of blockchain in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area are already very rich. The number of projects ranks among the top in the country, and a number of leading blockchain companies are emerging, which can not only effectively solve the current problem of poor flow of people and the institutional differences caused by commodities and funds in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, but also contribute to the cross-border transfer of data elements. and cross-domain use. He believes that new technologies such as blockchain should actively explore usage scenarios in the Greater Bay Area, and encourage technology-leading companies to be open and open source to create a good ecosystem.
Therefore, the report states that "digital technology represented by blockchain has accelerated the integration of the Greater Bay Area."
This integration is reflected in the fact that technology is melting the ice of institutional differences, supporting the leap of the real economy, and empowering innovation in social governance. Among them, in terms of melting institutional differences, the "Bay Area Fintech Talent Chain" of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, WeBank's inter-financial institution reconciliation platform, Guangdong-cross-border data verification platform, port logistics and
Harbin Institute of Technology ( Liu Chuanyi, executive director of the Shenzhen Data Security Research Institute and professor of the School of Computer Science and Technology, also believes that one of the functions of the blockchain is to trace the source of the evidence, which cannot be tampered with or traced back. This function determines that it can become an important infrastructure in the digital age. “As a basic infrastructure, the blockchain should first be open source, and secondly the source code should be formally verified. In addition, the blockchain should be vertically open, and some important uses should be fed back to these infrastructures, thereby strengthening the sustainability of the infrastructure. Iterate to make this infrastructure clearerClear. ”
With the deepening of the connection between the rules and mechanisms of Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao, the level of integrated development of the Greater Bay Area has continued to improve. The report further pointed out that in the 1.0 era, the integrated development of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area has superficial aspects such as hardware docking, front stores and back factories, and gradient division of labor. The demand for layer-by-layer integration is being replaced by the deep-level integration needs such as system compatibility, economic interdependence, and social interconnection in the 2.0 era.
“The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area relies on cutting-edge technologies such as blockchain to realize trusted data in a diverse institutional environment. The flow or utilization under the conditions will improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the flow of people, logistics, and capital, and significantly expand the 'Xinjiang region' that is the hinterland of each other's economies and integrates innovation. "The report pointed out.
Developing a "trust transfer machine" to help integrated development
"Blockchain, especially the alliance chain, is a recognized machine for transferring trust. A distributed data transmission protocol based on blockchain technology and individual leadership can effectively promote the flow of data elements and help the integrated development of the Greater Bay Area. "As a representative of industry practice, Ma said when sharing.
According to his disclosure, WeBank has always regarded blockchain as one of the core technologies of financial technology, and took the lead in launching blockchain in the financial industry in 2016. Alliance "Golden Chain Alliance". It has always adhered to the concept of comprehensive security and controllability of blockchain technology, relying on the collaboration of the Golden Chain Alliance open source working group to create the underlying open source platform FISCO BCOS of the financial alliance chain, achieving localization support for the entire chain, and greatly accelerating It has promoted the development of the blockchain open source ecosystem in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. At present, WeBank, as the first digital bank in China, has accumulated 340 million effective individual customers and nearly 2.8 million small and micro enterprises.
Ma revealed that currently, The open source alliance chain ecosystem jointly built by Weizhong Blockchain and many parties has gathered more than 3,000 institutions and enterprises and more than 70,000 individual members, successfully supporting hundreds of industries such as finance, medical care, justice, agriculture, and manufacturing. Blockchain use, and the use of more than 200 benchmarks supporting industrial digitization.
Currently, the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area blockchain is showing an ecological development trend, and the open and diversified blockchain ecosystem is accelerating its evolution. Shenzhen Gu Qingshan, assistant general manager of Shizhangzhangtong Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd., pointed out that as the flagship financial technology incubated by Ping An Group, financial Zhang Tong has been deeply involved in financial technology for many years.
He has rich experience in the use of financial blockchain, and has extensive experience in patents and localization It has profound accumulation in other aspects and can meet the actual needs of financial institutions’ blockchain.
As a practical representative of the academic community, Pang Chuan, Vice President of Macau University of Science and Technology and member of the Macau Legislative Assembly, said that in addition to scientific research and serving society, the academic community also The most important thing is to cultivate talents. In June 2023, the Blockchain Engineering (080917T) passed the registration and approval of undergraduate majors in general colleges and universities of the Ministry of Education. Four years later, the first batch of undergraduate graduates in Blockchain Engineering will be officially born. In addition, Tsinghua University, Peking University, University of Science and Technology of China and other well-known universities are on the list of candidates for the national pilot program for the innovative use of blockchain in the education field.
[Written by] Li Hualian
Related questions and answers: Procuratorate How to check the bank flow of Weizhong Bank? The prosecutor's office checks WeizhongYou only need to go to the company to investigate the bank's bank statements. Under normal circumstances, the court cannot check the bank statements of the person subject to execution. If it is related to the case, it can apply for inquiry. The transaction of the person subject to execution may involve property other than the case. The property inquired, seized, frozen, transferred, and valuated by the people's court shall not exceed the scope of the obligation of the person subject to execution. Therefore, the court cannot inquire without legal authorization. .
㈣ It’s 2021, what will be the development trend of my country’s blockchain technology in the future
Domestic blockchain technology has been conceptualized a few years ago and has now been widely used in actual applications. In business scenarios, such as the rice we eat, the QR code on the packaging
traceability is the application of blockchain technology. Companies like Shanghai Wanglian Technology entered the market earlier and are currently developing very well.
㈤ Application and analysis of blockchain in the field of government affairs
Blockchain has become a hot topic at the two sessions in 2020, in Sichuan, Fujian, Hunan, Hebei, Jilin, and Beijing The development of the local blockchain industry has been mentioned at the local two conferences held in more than 20 regions, including Chongqing, Shenzhen and Chongqing. Judging from the content of the government work report, most local governments regard blockchain as a new growth point to assist industrial optimization and upgrading, smart city construction, and the digital economy. In particular, among the blockchain application scenarios mentioned in Beijing, Shenzhen, Shandong and other places, the government affairs field has become a flash point. According to incomplete statistics, as of now, more than 90 blockchain government applications have been completed or are under preparation.
㈥ The central government released an annual report: The high-quality development of cultural blogs and cultural innovation must rely on digital technologies such as blockchain
“Culture is also a productive force, but currently we still face problems in cultural management and data property rights. To solve problems such as clarity, we need to use digital technology to build new infrastructure, build a cultural sharing data platform, and use science and technology to promote the cultural economy." On December 18, Chairman of the Science, Education, Culture and Health Committee of the 12th National People's Congress, Tsinghua University School of Journalism and Communication Dean Liu Binjie said at the 8th China Cultural and Economic Development Forum.
Wei Pengju, Dean of the Institute of Cultural Economics of the Central University of Finance and Economics and Distinguished Professor of Longma Scholars, released the annual key research report "Blockchain Technology Activating Digital Cultural Heritage" at the forum. The report pointed out that innovative forms of digital culture represented by digital collections not only make cultural heritage "alive" in the new digital era, but also make them "popular" among the new generation of young people, becoming a tool to promote high-quality development of culture. New momentum.
In recent years, with the rapid development of blockchain, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, extended reality and other technologies, the production cost of digital content has been greatly reduced, and it has promoted the upgrade of hardware consumption experience and content production efficiency. These improvements have laid a technical foundation for new cultural forms including cultural relics.
The central finance report pointed out that digital technology with blockchain as the core has three major functions: standardizing digital content standards, clarifying the ownership of digital content rights, and completingImprove the construction of digital museums. Therefore, digital technology is the best way to promote good cultural protection, inheritance and utilization, and blockchain will become a new generation infrastructure for the digitalization of cultural relics.
2021 has become the first year of digital collections. Ant and Tencent have successively launched digital collection distribution platforms Whaletan (formerly known as Ant Chain Fan Granules) and Magic Core. Among them, Ant Whale Explorer launched the "Treasure Project" on October 21, which focuses on the cultural and museum fields. It currently provides digital collection services for 17 cultural and museum institutions, including the Forbidden City, National Museum, Hubei Provincial Museum, Hunan Provincial Museum, and Henan Museum.
Taking Ant Whale Explorer’s digital collection as an example, the report summarizes the significance of China’s digital collection: First, it is compliant and controllable, in line with national regulations and policies, and creates a new type of confirmable and traceable cultural consumption; second, Chinese companies have sufficient independent research and development technology guarantees. In the Top 100 global highly relevant blockchain authorized invention patent rankings in 2021, Ant Group ranked first with 1,252 patents, followed by Tencent with 391 patents, and third The name is that IBM has 297 pieces; the third is the advantage of user scale; the fourth is win-win cooperation, and the protection, inheritance and dissemination of traditional culture have become more efficient; the fifth is low carbon and environmental protection, the energy consumption of digital collections is extremely low, and there is no supply chain About 1% of NFT is truly low-carbon and environmentally friendly.
“When promoting the identification and management of cultural artworks, we can use high technologies such as blockchain to improve efficiency, reduce costs, simplify procedures, increase penalties, and promote intellectual property protection. , to promote the healthy development of the digital cultural industry." Yan Dongsheng, Secretary of the Party Committee of the National Art Museum of China, said at the forum.
Wei Pengju said that the high-quality development of cultural and creative industries must also rely on the new generation of information technology represented by blockchain to improve industrial efficiency, expand communication influence, and promote excellent culture.
㈦ What disruptions does blockchain bring and why can it become a national strategy?
The disruptive characteristics of blockchain lie in the following four aspects: 1. Transparency. The data records of the blockchain system are transparent to the entire network nodes, and the update operations of the data records are also transparent to the entire network nodes. This is the basis for the trust of the blockchain system. Since the blockchain system uses open source programs, open rules and high participation, blockchain data records and operating rules can be reviewed and traced by nodes throughout the network, with high transparency.
2. Openness. The blockchain system is open. Except for the private information of the parties directly related to the data, which is always encrypted, the blockchain data is open to everyone (except for blockchain systems with special permission requirements). Anyone or participating nodes can query blockchain data records or develop related applications through the public interface, so the entire system information is highly transparent.
3. Information cannot be tampered with. Once the information in the blockchain system is verified and added to the blockchain, it will be permanently stored and cannot be changed (with special change requirements).Except for systems such as private blockchains required). Unless more than 51% of the nodes in the system can be controlled at the same time, modifications to the database on a single node are invalid, so the data stability and reliability of the blockchain are extremely high
4. Decentralization. Decentralization is the most basic feature of blockchain, which means that blockchain no longer relies on central processing nodes and realizes distributed recording, storage and updating of data. In a traditional centralized network, attacking a central node can destroy the entire system. However, in a decentralized blockchain network, attacking a single node cannot control or destroy the entire network or more than 5% of the nodes in the network. It's just the beginning of gaining control. 2019 is the first year of commercial application of blockchain technology, and favorable policy incentives will make the development of blockchain technology more stable.
As the application of blockchain technology gradually penetrates into many fields such as digital finance and the Internet, everyone has a clearer understanding of the value of blockchain.
Blockchain has formed a global competition situation. All countries are seizing development opportunities, and China cannot lag behind; therefore, it is understandable that blockchain has become a national strategy.
㈧ Whether the concept of blockchain technology can create a "digital government"
According to the municipal government's report on the handling of suggestions from National People's Congress deputies, the government is actively exploring the application of blockchain technology in administrative law enforcement The feasibility in management work has been carried out. In Shenzhen’s Digital Shenzhen plan, a unified blockchain basic platform has been planned, which will support various departments in the city to establish blockchain applications and provide integrated high-performance blockchain for government departments at all levels and public service enterprises and institutions. Support Services.
㈨ How to use modern information technology such as blockchain to improve the digitalization level of supply chain finance
In recent years, supply chain finance has been encouraged by many policies at the national level and is an important way for my country to serve the real economy and An important starting point to support small and medium-sized enterprises. On July 6, 2019, the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission issued the "Guiding Opinions of the General Office of the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission on Promoting Supply Chain Financial Services to Serve the Real Economy", requiring banking and insurance institutions to rely on core supply chain enterprises to provide upstream and downstream chain enterprises with A package of comprehensive financial services such as financing, settlement, and cash management. In September 2020, eight departments including the central bank, the Ministry of Commerce, and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued the "Opinions on Regulating the Development of Supply Chain Finance to Support the Stable Cycle and Optimization and Upgrading of the Supply Chain Industrial Chain", requiring financial institutions and entities to strengthen information sharing and collaboration to improve The online and digital level of supply chain financing has improved the efficiency of accounts receivable financing for small, medium and micro enterprises, and has become a programmatic document for the development of supply chain finance in my country. The 2021 Government Work Report separately mentions "innovative supply chain financial service models" for the first time, which means that the development of supply chain finance has become a national strategy. It can be seen from this that the state emphasizes on the service model to play the credit transmission role of core enterprises based on the authenticity of trade; on the application of technology, it encourages the role of blockchain, big data, Internet of Things and other technologies , regarding property rights and property rights in the industrial chainInformation flows such as claims and claims are monitored to solve the management and control problems of business credit risks.
According to data from the National Bureau of Statistics, the accounts receivable of my country's industrial enterprises above designated size exceeded 16 trillion yuan in 2020, an increase of 15.1% from the end of 2019; the inventory of finished products reached 4.6 trillion yuan, an increase of 7.5%. The balance of accounts receivable continues to increase nationwide, and the proportion of liquid assets also continues to rise. Problems such as slowdown in corporate working capital turnover, high financing pressure, and high liquidity risks in accounts receivable cannot be effectively alleviated, which to a large extent affects The healthy development of small and medium-sized enterprises and the good operation of the economy. It is urgent to solve the working capital pressure of real enterprises, especially the financing problems of small, medium and micro enterprises. "Ask the easy questions and solve the difficult ones." To solve the financing problems of small, medium and micro enterprises, we must first solve the problem of mutual trust between banks and enterprises in the industrial chain, and truly realize that the information on financial services and business operations is well-founded, verifiable and consistent. Returning to the essence of blockchain is actually to use technologies such as data encryption, multi-party verification, and blockchain storage to solve problems such as difficulty in verifying the authenticity of assets and trade information between buyers and sellers in the industry chain, and high cost of credit assessment; through blockchain technology To optimize the production relations of the inclusive financial ecosystem and accelerate the improvement of supply chain financial innovation service models and service capabilities.
According to the "Blockchain Financial Application Development White Paper (2020)" released by the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Financial Technology Research Institute, supply chain finance regards the core enterprises in the supply chain and its related upstream and downstream enterprises as a whole. Relying on core enterprises and taking real trade as the premise, we use self-reimbursement trade financing to provide comprehensive financial products and services to upstream and downstream enterprises in the supply chain. By observing the current development of supply chain finance business, we found that its large-scale substantial advancement still faces many difficulties.
Multiple levels of credit transmission are blocked. Restricted by corporate reputation and traditional financial risk control requirements, the self-built supply chain financial platforms of most financial institutions and core enterprises mainly focus on the first-level upstream and downstream of the core enterprise, but can truly cater to the second-level, third-level, and N-level upstreams. There are very few downstream enterprises that can use the real trade links of core enterprises as credit endorsement to carry out financing business. Under existing business operations, we often face situations where core enterprises or key enterprises are not proactive and unwilling to cooperate in confirming rights. The reason is that there is often no direct trade relationship between core enterprises and N-level enterprises, and core enterprises in a strong position are not willing to cooperate; there are also problems such as high frequency of rights confirmation, cumbersome offline operations, and concerns about the leakage of commercial secrets. Therefore, small, medium and micro enterprises in the industrial chain cannot solve their own financing problems with the help of core enterprise credit and trade flow information, and the credit "watering" of core enterprises only reaches first-level upstream and downstream enterprises. Blockchain has the characteristics of distributed ledger, transparent traceability, automatic execution of smart contracts and other characteristics, which has become the exploration direction of technology application to solve credit disassembly and realize multi-level credit transmission.
The authenticity of the trade is difficult to verify. Supply chain finance relies on real trade transactions to carry out financing. However, in practice, due to the lack of effectiveUnique verification methods and multi-dimensional risk control data sources make it difficult for financial institutions to know the authenticity of transaction information, and the cost of manual verification remains high, resulting in information asymmetry and trust gaps between banks and enterprises. In recent years, there have been frequent news incidents of loan fraud involving companies colluding and colluding with false trade. Therefore, solving the information asymmetry between banks and enterprises has become a necessary condition for the smooth development of supply chain finance. Blockchain's multi-party maintenance of the same ledger, built-in timestamp, and non-tampering characteristics are beginning to be used by industry insiders to build multi-dimensional trusted data sources to ensure the verifiability of transaction information.
Information from multiple parties in the industry chain is separated from each other and cannot be shared. The links, enterprise types, participants, etc. involved in supply chain finance are relatively complex and diverse. The information and data islands of each supply chain participant have not been effectively connected. Faced with problems such as difficulty in matching capital flow, information flow, business flow, and cargo flow, it has not been able to form a The synergistic effect of the entire industrial chain has hindered the development of supply chain finance, making it difficult and difficult to cure the stubborn problem of financing difficulties and expensive financing for small and medium-sized enterprises.
In response to the above-mentioned outstanding problems in the development of supply chain finance, my country has proposed an "innovative supply chain financial service model" at the central government level for the first time. As an emerging financial service model, industry insiders generally believe that in order to innovate the supply chain financial model, it is necessary to accelerate the digital transformation of supply chain finance, conduct business online and digitally, and use blockchain, big data and other technologies to solve trade confirmation issues. , transaction authenticity and other issues, helping financial institutions control transaction risks and build a digital trust mechanism. The key is to make the information data in supply chain financial activities credible, transparent, mutually verified and traceable.
Blockchain technology has been identified as an important breakthrough for independent innovation of national core technologies. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology positioned it as a new infrastructure in 2019 and has begun to serve the real economy on a large scale, reducing costs and increasing efficiency for the real economy. According to statistics from CCID Blockchain Research Institute, blockchain accounted for 29% of application implementation projects in the financial field in 2019, the highest proportion among application implementation projects in the same period, covering electronic vouchers, payment and settlement, and insurance claims. , credit investigation, loan financing and other business scenarios. According to the "China Blockchain Development Report (2020)", it is expected that the market size of my country's blockchain core products and solutions, as well as related derivative industries, will reach 10 billion yuan by 2022. From the perspective of the technology itself, according to the "White Paper on Supply Chain Finance Based on Blockchain Technology (2020)", blockchain is a kind of data block that is connected sequentially in chronological order and combined into a chain data structure that distributes, Distributed ledger technology that is consistently stored among all participants and uses cryptography to ensure that data cannot be tampered with or forged. Blockchain is the integration of a series of technologies such as point-to-point network, data encryption, distributed data storage, and consensus mechanisms. It has the characteristics of multi-center, non-tampering, traceability, and high security. As a new cutting-edge technology, blockchain is naturally suitable for supply chain finance business scenarios involving multiple parties, and has great talent to promote supply chain finance to deeper industrial applications.
Facing supplyIn order to solve the problems faced by the development of chain finance business, the supply chain finance platform based on blockchain has changed the business development model in the following aspects.
Confirm the rights of basic claims. Since the logic of supply chain financial financing services is to transfer the debt claims formed based on the supply chain as a financial asset to achieve financing, it is necessary to confirm the rights of the basic claims, that is, to confirm that the basic claims have been truly generated and confirmed. Unfavorable factors that may affect the effective exercise of the underlying claims have been eliminated. Faced with the practical problem that core enterprises are unwilling to cooperate in confirming rights, the blockchain-based supply chain financial platform transforms claims into blockchain digital certificates that can be freely split, transferred for payment, and financing, which can realize accounts receivable. The circulation of payment transactions among multi-level enterprises. While ensuring the authenticity of the trade, this model is equivalent to pre-confirmation of rights. Financial institutions can directly lend money based on the blockchain digital certificate in one step online, changing the traditional offline lending model.
Achieve multi-level transmission of credit. The core of supply chain finance is credit. Only multi-level transmission of credit can effectively provide financing services to small, medium and micro enterprises based on the credit of core enterprises. Different from the traditional supply chain finance method, the credit of core enterprises can only be transmitted to first-level enterprises. Financial technologies such as blockchain are used to generate transferable digital certificates on the platform, and the underlying assets of debts and claims generated by trade are transferred through the blockchain. Generate unique digital credentials. Its block chain structure with timestamps can ensure that digital certificates cannot be tampered with, are highly verifiable and traceable, can be transferred and split, and turn corporate credit into a tool. After multiple splits and transfers, digital certificates can clearly retain the core corporate credit, allowing the core corporate credit to be passed along trusted trade links to the end of the industrial chain. For example, after a first-tier supplier signs for a voucher issued by a core enterprise, it can transfer it to the upper-tier supplier as a means of payment based on the real trade background, which solves the problem that the core enterprise's credit cannot be transferred to multi-tier suppliers.
Ensure the authenticity of trade. By fully recording and uploading basic materials related to trade in the supply chain - contracts, invoices, documents, funds and other information - all types of data can be shared in a timely manner. Utilizing blockchain's real-name authentication, cross-verification identity access, authentication, etc., can ensure the credibility of data sources; technical features such as multi-level encryption and signature verification can ensure data security. Combined with big data analysis technology, the authenticity of trade data can be verified through cross-validation, which can effectively reduce the verification and risk control costs of offline authenticity, build a new trust mechanism and efficient collaboration mechanism, and effectively support supply chain finance. The service covers multi-level enterprises in the supply chain, especially small, medium and micro enterprises at the end.
With the popularization of technology, the exploration of supply chain financial innovation models based on blockchain is in the ascendant. For example: Zheshang Bank cooperated with Qulian Technology in 2017 to launch the accounts receivable chain platform. The platform adopts the "blockchain + supply chain finance" model and can handle the issuance, acceptance, confirmation and payment of accounts receivable. , transfer, pledge, redemption and other businesses,Converting accounts receivable into electronic payment settlement and financing tools has revitalized the originally illiquid accounts receivable assets; the Tianjin Pilot Free Trade Zone has launched trustworthy warehouse receipts based on blockchain, including warehouse receipt pledge, It is the country's first supply chain financial innovation model that integrates disposal, trading, risk control and price locking.
As one of the important starting points for financial digital transformation, blockchain has entered a comprehensive construction stage. The original intention of building blockchain is to empower the development of industry and finance. By leveraging the role of blockchain in building digital trust, we can build new organizational relationships, create an innovative service paradigm for industrial chain finance, and actively promote the digital, intelligent, and scenario-based development of supply chain finance. , to help create an open, shared, green, efficient and credible supply chain financial ecosystem, truly solve the practical pain points of many parties in supply chain financial services, and enhance the stability and competitiveness of the industrial chain supply chain.
The author is the CEO of Qulian Technology
㈩ Does the country support blockchain?
Legal analysis: As a new technology, blockchain is a new technology, and countries around the world have corresponding policies. Support its development and have a wide range of radiation - from this year, most provinces and cities across the country have included blockchain in the 2020 government work report. In addition to first-tier cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen, central and western cities such as Gansu, Ningxia, and Xinjiang have also joined Blockchain technology research and application camp. Developed cities in the east continue to play a leading role in technological research and application innovation; cities in the central and western regions adapt to local conditions and combine new technologies to accelerate digital economic transformation. Strong support - this year the Central Bank, the Ministry of Transport, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television, the Ministry of Justice, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, etc., have respectively proposed the use of blockchain technology to accelerate the development of applications in various fields. Many other provinces and cities have also continued to introduce new policies, most of which are special support policies for blockchain. It is expected to build more industrial parks and open up more government application scenarios. The direction is clearer - there are clearer details under the general direction of blockchain assisting the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries and empowering the digital economy. Application scenarios such as transportation, agriculture, intellectual property, and certificate storage have become the first batch of experimental directions. In terms of government affairs, it is an important breakthrough and has been implemented. Beijing City’s “innocent approval”, Jiangxi Province explores “blockchain + undocumented handling”, Fujian Province implements the “on-chain government affairs” project, and Gansu Province accelerates the construction of “Digital Gansu”. ”, Shandong and Hainan are all committed to e-government and other fields. It is foreseeable that the future blockchain e-government scenario is worth looking forward to.
Legal basis: "Blockchain Information Service Management Regulations"
Article 3 The Cyberspace Administration of China is responsible for the supervision, management and law enforcement of nationwide blockchain information services in accordance with its duties. The Internet Information Offices of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government are responsible for the supervision, management and law enforcement of blockchain information services within their respective administrative regions according to their responsibilities.
Article 4 encourages blockchain industry organizations to strengthen industry self-discipline, establish and improve industry self-discipline systems and industry standards, guide blockchain information service providers to establish and improve service specifications, promote the construction of industry credit evaluation systems, and supervise blockchain information Service providers provide services in accordance with the law, accept social supervision, and improve blockchain information service practitionersprofessional quality and promote the healthy and orderly development of the industry.
Article 5 Blockchain information service providers shall implement information content security management responsibilities and establish and improve management systems for user registration, information review, emergency response, and security protection.
Article 6 Blockchain information service providers shall have technical conditions suitable for their services, and shall have immediate and emergency response capabilities for the release, recording, storage, and dissemination of information content prohibited by laws and administrative regulations. , technical solutions should comply with relevant national standards and specifications.
Article 7 Blockchain information service providers should formulate and disclose management rules and platform conventions, sign service agreements with blockchain information service users, clarify the rights and obligations of both parties, and require them to promise to abide by legal regulations and platform conventions.
