中国邮政储蓄银行 区块链,中国邮政区块链

中国邮政储蓄银行（以下简称“邮政储蓄银行”）是中国最大的银行之一，拥有超过8500家分支机构和超过90万名员工。它是中国最具活力的金融机构之一，致力于为中国提供全面的金融服务。邮政储蓄银行正在积极探索区块链技术，以改善其金融服务，并在中国市场上发挥更大的作用。本文将介绍邮政储蓄银行的区块链拓展，包括其金融服务，贸易金融，以及其他技术应用。

区块链技术在金融服务领域的应用可以大大提高邮政储蓄银行的服务水平。邮政储蓄银行已经开发了一个基于区块链的资产管理系统，可以大大提高资产管理的效率和安全性。此外，邮政储蓄银行还在研究基于区块链的电子支付系统，可以支持多种货币，支持多种货币的转换，并且更加安全可靠。

邮政储蓄银行正在运用区块链技术来改善贸易金融服务。它已经开发了一个基于区块链的贸易金融服务系统，可以更快捷，更安全地完成贸易金融业务。此外，邮政储蓄银行还正在研究基于区块链的供应链金融服务，可以支持企业之间的贸易，支持贸易金融活动，提高贸易金融服务的效率。

邮政储蓄银行正在研究基于区块链的技术应用，以改善金融服务。例如，它已经开发了一个基于区块链的网上银行系统，可以更安全，更便捷地完成网上银行业务。此外，邮政储蓄银行还在研究基于区块链的智能合约，可以支持多方交易，大大提高交易的安全性和效率。

总之，邮政储蓄银行正在积极探索区块链技术，以改善其金融服务，并在中国市场上发挥更大的作用。它已经开发了多种基于区块链的金融服务，包括资产管理，电子支付，贸易金融，以及智能合约等。邮政储蓄银行正在努力推动中国金融服务行业的发展，为中国人民提供更安全，更便捷的金融服务。

⑴ How do you evaluate the Postal Savings Bank’s introduction of blockchain?

Personally, I think that the Postal Savings Bank’s introduction of blockchain is not really intended to create a decentralized accounting system. , Banks are vested interests in the centralized accounting system and will not actively adopt technologies that may have an impact on their markets and businesses. At best, they will just test the waters. Moreover, the decentralized nature of blockchain means that it must be open to the public in order to be viable and "impervious to tampering." Blockchains made by banks will surely die.

Why do you say that? Based on security and stability considerations, banks build private chains.

Blockchains are divided into three types: public chains, alliance chains and private chains. As the name implies, they are divided according to their degree of openness. Currently, Bitcoin and Ethereum are public chains, and their model best reflects this. Blockchain is decentralized, open and transparent, and cannot be tampered with. However, the geek style is too strong, and it is not suitable for commercial environments in terms of efficiency and usability. For example, transaction confirmation is too slow, user code requirements are too high, etc. . Of course, we must also admit that it is officially because of this group of geeks pursuing freedom that the blockchain was born.

Private chains refer to chains established by some large institutions, such as the Postal Savings Bank. Some people have already commented that there are too few nodes, lack credibility, and are easily attacked by hackers.

The alliance chain can be said to be a combination of a public chain and a private chain, or an optimized version. The nodes of the alliance chain are selected in advance, and there is usually a good cooperative relationship between the nodes. While improving efficiency, it also ensures a certain degree of privacy of data. At present, this form is most in line with the social development process. It not only ensures credibility, but also provides a basis for creating new value. It is also in line with the current technological status and public awareness. Although it lacks the absolute openness of the public chain, it The blockchain is now like a newborn baby that can only drink porridge and cannot eat meat.

Of course, these three blockchains now have their own commercial value and target users. In the end, who will be the gold left behind still needs to be proven by time.

⑵ The financial industry must have sufficient understanding of blockchain

A survey report released by PricewaterhouseCoopers in mid-April 2017 showed that China’s financial industry Practitioners have not paid enough attention to financial technology. Among the already widely used blockchain technologies, 30% of the respondents said they did not know about blockchain technology at all, and 40% only heard about it in the news. I have read about blockchain technology in high school, which shows that the popularity of financial technology is still low.
I often say that with the birth of Yu’ebao as a symbol, China’s Internet finance is surging, ahead of the trend, and making countries around the world look at it with admiration. However, due to insufficient understanding of the nature of Internet finance, the conservative thinking in the traditional financial industry vigorously counterattacked. Regulatory authorities were faced with a formidable enemy and under the control of conservative thinking, this industry was almost strangled.
As China launches rounds of regulatory "movements" to rectify and regulate Internet finance, Europe and the United States haveDeveloped countries took the opportunity to increase investment and vigorously develop science and technology finance. Artificial intelligence investment advisors, digital currency supported by blockchain technology, and various artificial intelligence financial services including facial recognition, fingerprint encryption, intelligent voice and other technologies have begun to be applied to the financial field.
The development of science and technology finance can be described as changing with each passing day. The world's largest asset management companies, insurance companies, etc. have gone from R&D to production in smart investment advisory and have now begun to put it into use; Bitcoin, the blockchain digital currency, has begun to enter the field of settlement means in Japan, Canada, etc., and the United States has already Blockchain is used in oil market transactions.
China has obviously fallen behind in the development of science and technology finance. This can be seen from the above PwC survey of bank employees. The current research and use of blockchain in Chinese commercial banks are conceptualized at a shallow level.
In early January 2017, Postal Savings Bank launched a blockchain-based asset custody system. The asset custody system is based on the four major mechanisms of blockchain, including shared ledgers, smart contracts, privacy protection, and consensus mechanisms. An asset custody business scenario is selected in which five roles, including asset entruster, asset manager, asset custodian, investment consultant, and auditor, participate together to realize the information sharing of the custody business and the supervision of asset usage. It is particularly worth noting that the blockchain solution enables real-time sharing of information among multiple parties, eliminating the need for repeated credit verification processes and shortening the original business process by about 60%-80%
Chairman of ICBC Yi Huiman also said at the 2016 annual report performance conference, "For blockchain technology, our bank's research and development and application are very smooth, and it is expected to be put into practical application in 2017. We have completed a financial product trading platform based on blockchain technology The construction of a prototype system, which provides customers with point-to-point financial asset transfer and transaction services based on the traditional transaction model, is expected to be available to everyone soon."
China Everbright Bank has applied blockchain technology to actual business, and its technology innovation laboratory has successfully hatched a blockchain charity donation system for the bank’s “Mother’s Water Cellar” charity project. Li Fan, general manager of the Information Technology Department of China Everbright Bank, said that the development of new information technology in the financial technology era has brought new transformative forces to technological innovation, and more effective supervision of the source and use of charitable funds has improved the transparency of public welfare donations and helped Promote the healthy development of charity and public welfare undertakings. From a bank's perspective, delivering the public's love to charitable organizations safely and reliably enhances the bank's social image and credibility.
Li Jianhong, chairman of China Merchants Bank, also revealed in the 2016 performance report that the bank invests 5 billion yuan in IT every year, which is already ahead of its peers, but it will still invest 1% of its profits every year starting from 2017. Financial innovation and fintech.
For the most important component of technology financeDigital currency and blockchain technology are extremely important. Blockchain technology has the potential to reconstruct the underlying structure of the financial industry. Blockchain has the advantages of reducing trust risks, having a flexible structure, reducing operating costs, and realizing shared finance. It can be widely used in peer-to-peer transactions, registration, rights confirmation, intelligent management and other businesses. among. There can be no doubt about this.
We must understand blockchain technology from a higher level. The global future trend is decentralization. Financial institutions must grasp this general trend. Blockchain is the core technology of financial decentralization, and whoever masters it takes the initiative.
Why is it said that the global future trend is decentralization? We need to start with the great prediction of Kevin Kelly, the most popular “prophet” in the global Internet field. Many future technologies mentioned by KK in the book "Out of Control" published in 1994, such as WEB2.0, Bitcoin, P2P, social media, etc., have been implemented one by one. The current popular wisdom, cloud computing, Internet of Things, virtual reality, agile development, collaboration, win-win, symbiosis, co-evolution, online community, network economy, sharing economy, etc. all come from the book "Out of Control".
KK believes that in the future, it is best for the network to be evenly distributed, that is to say, the network connections are free connections between individuals. In this way, when the network is attacked, it will basically not suffer a big impact. It can even be said that such a network cannot be defeated. But the above is based on an ideal state. For now, the Internet is not so developed that it can allow one individual (also a small collective center) to generate so many connections. Secondly, a uniformly distributed network makes the path for individuals to visit a node longer. If the network is not developed enough (such as now), the network response will be very slow.
On the other hand, if the network is concentrated on certain large nodes, as long as these large nodes are protected, the stability of the network will not be greatly affected. From an individual point of view, as long as I can access Google and the Internet, the Internet will not be paralyzed for me.
However, the trend of decentralization will always be there. The network will change from the current hundreds of large nodes to millions of large nodes. Each small network will be regarded as a node, and the connections between nodes will extend in all directions. For example, the connection between the two major networks of China and the United States will no longer be countable submarine optical cables, but countless links, which are topologies that cannot be calculated. By then, I am afraid that the wall will not be built.
One of the characteristics of blockchain technology is point-to-point decentralization. The world is increasingly decentralizing from bureaucracies. We have already witnessed many processes of decentralization in technology and business, and it can be assumed that this trend will continue to occur in the next 20 years.
As long as there are still some centralized things, we can discuss how to decentralize them. For example, the banking industry. Banking has always been a very centralized industry, so we can talk about how toFinancial services are decentralized and turned into a sharing economy model while sharing influence.
One response to the decentralization process is sharing. Sharing is the verb expression of decentralization process, which is why we have many sharing communities. We can share data, processes, influence, and information. The result of decentralization is an increase in sharing behavior. Experts of the past did not share financial information. If we want to study why people start sharing now, we must emphasize the quality and ability of "sharing".
Returning to the digital currency supported by blockchain technology, decentralized trading is a technological change. Users can trade on this platform with authorization codes, so that individual-to-individual transactions will occur. P2P lending and other behaviors. Banks will no longer exist. Bitcoin is an electronic currency with great potential, but it has many unrecognized problems, such as security issues, but we should still pay attention to it, because currency decentralization is also a future trend. KK believes that this field has great potential.
We must believe in the predictions of prophets like KK no matter what. China’s tech finance industry can’t get up early and catch the market late!
Yu Fenghui
A survey report released by PricewaterhouseCoopers in mid-April 2017 showed that China’s financial practitioners have not paid enough attention to financial technology. In the application of blockchain technology, which is already widely used, , 30% of the respondents said they were completely unaware of blockchain technology, and 40% of the respondents had only read about blockchain technology in the news, which shows that the popularity of financial technology is still low.
I often say that with the birth of Yu’ebao as a symbol, China’s Internet finance is surging, ahead of the trend, and making countries around the world look at it with admiration. However, due to insufficient understanding of the nature of Internet finance, the conservative thinking in the traditional financial industry vigorously counterattacked. Regulatory authorities were faced with a formidable enemy and under the control of conservative thinking, this industry was almost strangled.
As China launches rounds of rectification and regulatory "movements" targeting Internet finance, developed countries in Europe and the United States have taken the opportunity to increase investment and vigorously develop technology finance. Artificial intelligence investment advisors, digital currency supported by blockchain technology, and various artificial intelligence financial services including facial recognition, fingerprint encryption, intelligent voice and other technologies have begun to be applied to the financial field.
The development of science and technology finance can be described as changing with each passing day. The world's largest asset management companies, insurance companies, etc. have gone from R&D to production in smart investment advisory and have now begun to put it into use; Bitcoin, the blockchain digital currency, has begun to enter the field of settlement means in Japan, Canada, etc., and the United States has already Blockchain is used in oil market transactions.
China has obviously fallen behind in the development of science and technology finance. From PwC above to bankersThis can be seen through the investigation of workers. The current research and use of blockchain in Chinese commercial banks are conceptualized at a shallow level.
In early January 2017, Postal Savings Bank launched a blockchain-based asset custody system. The asset custody system is based on the four major mechanisms of blockchain, including shared ledgers, smart contracts, privacy protection, and consensus mechanisms. An asset custody business scenario is selected in which five roles, including asset entruster, asset manager, asset custodian, investment consultant, and auditor, participate together to realize the information sharing of the custody business and the supervision of asset usage. It is particularly worth noting that the blockchain solution enables real-time sharing of information among multiple parties, eliminating the need for repeated credit verification processes and shortening the original business process by about 60%-80%
Chairman of ICBC Yi Huiman also said at the 2016 annual report performance conference, "For blockchain technology, our bank's research and development and application are very smooth, and it is expected to be put into practical application in 2017. We have completed a financial product trading platform based on blockchain technology The construction of a prototype system, which provides customers with point-to-point financial asset transfer and transaction services based on the traditional transaction model, is expected to be available to everyone soon."
China Everbright Bank has applied blockchain technology to actual business, and its technology innovation laboratory has successfully hatched a blockchain charity donation system for the bank’s “Mother’s Water Cellar” charity project. Li Fan, general manager of the Information Technology Department of China Everbright Bank, said that the development of new information technology in the financial technology era has brought new transformative forces to technological innovation, and more effective supervision of the source and use of charitable funds has improved the transparency of public welfare donations and helped Promote the healthy development of charity and public welfare undertakings. From a bank's perspective, delivering the public's love to charitable organizations safely and reliably enhances the bank's social image and credibility.
Li Jianhong, chairman of China Merchants Bank, also revealed in the 2016 performance report that the bank invests 5 billion yuan in IT every year, which is already ahead of its peers, but it will still invest 1% of its profits every year starting from 2017. Financial innovation and fintech.
For digital currency, which is the most important component of technological finance, blockchain technology is extremely important. Blockchain technology has the potential to reconstruct the underlying structure of the financial industry. Blockchain has the advantages of reducing trust risks, having a flexible structure, reducing operating costs, and realizing shared finance. It can be widely used in peer-to-peer transactions, registration, rights confirmation, intelligent management and other businesses. among. There can be no doubt about this.
We must understand blockchain technology from a higher level. The global future trend is decentralization. Financial institutions must grasp this general trend. Blockchain is the core technology of financial decentralization, and whoever masters it takes the initiative.
Why is it said that the global future trend is decentralization? We need to learn from the most popular "prophet" in the global Internet field - Kevin Kelly (KeVin Kelly) talks about great prophecies. Many future technologies mentioned by KK in the book "Out of Control" published in 1994, such as WEB2.0, Bitcoin, P2P, social media, etc., have been implemented one by one. The current popular wisdom, cloud computing, Internet of Things, virtual reality, agile development, collaboration, win-win, symbiosis, co-evolution, online community, network economy, sharing economy, etc. all come from the book "Out of Control".
KK believes that in the future, it is best for the network to be evenly distributed, that is to say, the network connections are free connections between individuals. In this way, when the network is attacked, it will basically not suffer a big impact. It can even be said that such a network cannot be defeated. But the above is based on an ideal state. For now, the Internet is not so developed that it can allow one individual (also a small collective center) to generate so many connections. Secondly, a uniformly distributed network makes the path for individuals to visit a node longer. If the network is not developed enough (such as now), the network response will be very slow.
On the other hand, if the network is concentrated on certain large nodes, as long as these large nodes are protected, the stability of the network will not be greatly affected. From an individual point of view, as long as I can access Google and the Internet, the Internet will not be paralyzed for me.
However, the trend of decentralization will always be there. The network will change from the current hundreds of large nodes to millions of large nodes. Each small network will be regarded as a node, and the connections between nodes will extend in all directions. For example, the connection between the two major networks of China and the United States will no longer be countable submarine optical cables, but countless links, which are topologies that cannot be calculated. By then, I am afraid that the wall will not be built.
One of the characteristics of blockchain technology is point-to-point decentralization. The world is increasingly decentralizing from bureaucracies. We have already witnessed many processes of decentralization in technology and business, and it can be assumed that this trend will continue to occur in the next 20 years.
As long as there are still some centralized things, we can discuss how to decentralize them. For example, the banking industry. Banking has always been a very centralized industry, so we can talk about how to decentralize financial services and turn them into a sharing economy model while sharing influence.
One response to the decentralization process is sharing. Sharing is the verb expression of decentralization process, which is why we have many sharing communities. We can share data, processes, influence, and information. The result of decentralization is an increase in sharing behavior. Experts of the past did not share financial information. If we want to study why people start sharing now, we must emphasize the quality and ability of "sharing".
Returning to the digital currency supported by blockchain technology, decentralized trading is a technological change. Users can trade on this platform with authorization codes, so that individual to individual transactions will occur.Transactions, P2P lending and other behaviors. Banks will no longer exist. Bitcoin is an electronic currency with great potential, but it has many unrecognized problems, such as security issues, but we should still pay attention to it, because currency decentralization is also a future trend. KK believes that this field has great potential.
We must believe in the predictions of prophets like KK no matter what. China’s tech finance industry can’t get up early and catch the market late!

⑶ How to apply blockchain technology in bank international settlement

At this stage, banks mainly provide three settlement methods: remittance, collection and letter of credit in international business. There are problems of credit and exchange rate risks, low efficiency, and high costs. In addition, banks mostly use their own credit to intervene in international settlements, which can easily form their own contingent liabilities and reduce the quality of their balance sheets. Banks should actively promote innovation in international settlement business based on blockchain technology, build a new system for international settlement business, and provide safe, stable, low-cost, and efficient international settlement business.

⑷ Technology exploration in progress: Blockchain tests the waters for Internet financial dispute resolution

Financial digitization is replacing the traditional credit model. However, while automated credit approval brings efficiency and convenience to financial institutions, the rapidly growing number of credit transactions also puts pressure on back-end overdue dispute processing.

The collection results carried out by financial institutions on their own are not good, and when they cooperate with third-party collection agencies, it is difficult to manage their standardized collections. This leads to the frequent occurrence of violent collections, which are always hanging over the heads of the institutions. problem to solve. Blockchain technology is trying to provide solutions to the "stubborn problems" of this industry.

Smart contracts transform the entire business process

"Small amounts and decentralization" are important goals for the in-depth development of inclusive finance. However, the traditional collection model is obviously ineffective in terms of cost and operational difficulty. It cannot match the current needs of Internet finance.

In the past ten years, personal consumer credit has developed rapidly. Data from the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission from 2015 to 2021 show that consumer loans have accounted for more than 20% of the total balance of RMB loans for a long time, and this proportion has shown an overall growth trend. According to the "Data on Main Regulatory Indicators of the Banking and Insurance Industry in the Fourth Quarter of 2021", at the end of the fourth quarter of 2021, the balance of non-performing loans of commercial banks was 2.8 trillion yuan, an increase of 13.5 billion yuan from the end of the previous quarter.

Taking the practice of communication and negotiation between attorneys and borrowers as an example, under normal circumstances, overdue borrowers with low willingness to repay have weak legal awareness, and it is not uncommon to use property transfer and other means to evade debt. Therefore, Ordinary phone calls and text messages to collect collection do not have much effect. However, after accessing the court's judicial blockchain system, the parties can log in to the court website to check the loan evidence on the blockchain, which will put credit penalty pressure on this type of borrowers, both in terms of efficiency and endorsement capabilities. . More importantly, in theBefore the expiration date, due to the non-tampering characteristics of the blockchain evidence, it can have the effect of urging the entities on the chain to be honest and abide by the contract.

A case disclosed by the official WeChat account of the Supreme People’s Court shows that a natural person, Yang, signed a personal agreement with Hangyin Consumer Finance Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as “Hangyin Consumer Finance”) on the “Hangyin Finance” App. Loan Contract. Yang failed to repay the loan on time, and Hangyin Xiaojin filed a lawsuit with the court after repeated reminders. As an access party to the judicial blockchain of the Hangzhou Internet Court, the contract signed by Hangzhou Bank Consumer Finance and Yang has already been synchronized to the judicial blockchain. The objective facts were clear, and the advising judge conducted asynchronous mediation. Yang agreed to repay the money after being unable to deny it, and the case was settled within 7 days.

According to the Supreme People’s Court, in September 2018, the Hangzhou Internet Court officially launched the country’s first judicial blockchain platform. As of April 2022, the total amount of on-chain data exceeds 5.69 billion, more than 9,700 pieces of electronic evidence have been retrieved, and the dismissal rate of relevant cases exceeds 98.7%.

According to MaMa Consumer Finance, the company has currently based on its own blockchain technology, the electronic lawyer's letter automatically generated by the mediation platform and the mediation letter materials confirmed in real time by the customer's online mediation are stored on the chain. “The credibility of blockchain evidence solves the problems of difficulty in obtaining, storing, and authenticating evidence during judicial proceedings, supports enterprises to efficiently collect non-performing assets, and can especially improve notarization, mediation, and even execution of small batches. The efficiency of evidence storage, processing and trial in the investigation and control process."

Cross-chain interoperability needs to be further implemented

The person in charge introduced that the current model adopted by the company is to cooperate with industry and information technology Cooperate with electronic certification service agencies established with permission from the Ministry of Finance to provide full-process electronic certificate deposit services for consumer finance companies’ loan businesses. When filing a case, an electronic certificate deposit report is provided to prove that the entire process data is true and has not been tampered with. "This is also a common model at present. Its advantage is that it has wide adaptability and can carry out litigation or arbitration services in multiple courts or arbitration committees that meet the jurisdiction requirements. The disadvantage is that it requires initial communication with the courts and arbitration committees to confirm the electronic existence It takes time to review the electronic evidence report corresponding to each case when filing a specific case."

At the same time, the above-mentioned persons in charge did not hide their expectations for emerging technologies: for judicial blockchain , the consumer finance business is combined with the judicial blockchain led by the court. When an overdue repayment dispute is submitted to the court for filing, the consumer finance company can directly authorize the court to go to the chain to obtain information on the entire business process, effectively simplifying the evidence submission process and ensuring evidence information. Authenticity, improve the effectiveness of the evidence chain and the efficiency of review of evidence materials, and achieve rapid case filing and efficient trial. “Realizing data submission and docking through this technology is expected to further enhance the effective protection of personal information.”

⑸ Digital currency platform development, what is digital currency

Digital currency Platform development requires professionals to be responsible, but now digital currency technology hasWith maturity, development difficulty has become very simple and it has become a standardized technology. The current digital currency technology is no longer the highlight, the highlight is the application scenarios of this digital currency.
The birth and global popularity of Bitcoin relies on ideas. This idea is at the forefront of the times, but Bitcoin has already taken the lead and other digital currencies can no longer replace it. Although some altcoins later became popular for a while, they eventually slowly subsided, and only Bitcoin remained strong. Puyin took another shortcut and emerged as a standard digital currency, backed by related tea assets, and its value is recognized by society.

⑹ Application of blockchain in the financial field

1. Application and development of blockchain

Some Internet, Internet start-ups and traditional financial industries Started to try out applications in some projects

2. Domestic financial institutions are testing the waters of blockchain

Various financial institutions are testing the waters one after another, and they are basically in the conceptual experimental stage and have not yet reached a large scale. Commercial scale.

3. Panoramic view of blockchain application in the financial field

4. Ghostwriting

5. Digital bills

Bills are an important financial product in the financial market. They have dual functions of payment and financing. They are of high value and bear bank credit or commercial credit. Once a bill is issued, its face amount, date and other important information cannot be changed. Bills also have circulation attributes and can be accepted, endorsed, discounted, rediscounted, collected and other transactions within a specific life cycle. Once the transaction is completed, the transaction cannot be revoked. The circulation of bills has two characteristics: first, the circulation of bills mainly occurs through bank acceptance bills, and the number and circulation of commercial acceptance bills are small; second, each bank independently carries out credit granting and risk control for the bill business, and a single bank Risk control results may affect other participants in the bill market transaction chain.

The experimental production system of the digital bill trading platform uses SDC (Smart Draft Chain) blockchain technology to protect privacy with the help of homomorphic encryption, zero-knowledge proof and other cryptographic algorithms. The Byzantine Fault Tolerance Protocol (PBFT) performs consensus and uses a see-through mechanism to provide data monitoring.

Experimental production system includesThere are four subsystems: bill exchange, bank, enterprise and monitoring: the bill exchange subsystem is responsible for managing the blockchain and monitoring the digital bill business; the bank subsystem has the acceptance and receipt, discount signature, rediscount, and custody of digital bills. Business functions such as collection and repayment; the enterprise subsystem has business functions such as digital bill issuance, acceptance, endorsement, discounting, prompt payment, etc.; the monitoring subsystem monitors the status of the blockchain and business occurrences in real time

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