区块链背后的人,区块链是什么意思?

区块链是一种分布式账本技术，它使用密码学来维护一个被共享的、可信的、不可篡改的账本。它可以用于记录、存储和管理各种数字资产，如比特币、以太坊、比特币现金等加密货币，以及智能合约等。它的最大特点是去中心化，可以让参与者在不受中心机构控制的情况下进行交易。

分布式账本技术是区块链背后的核心技术，它是一种可以在网络中安全地共享和存储信息的技术。它是一种分布式数据库，它的特点是每一个参与者都有一份完整的账本副本，由参与者共同维护，而不是由中心机构控制。它的安全性非常高，因为账本中的所有信息都是通过加密算法来确保安全的，而且只有参与者才能访问账本信息。

密码学是区块链技术的重要组成部分，它是一种用于保护信息安全的科学技术。它可以用来加密和解密信息，以及验证信息的完整性。密码学使用数学和计算机科学的原理，可以把信息隐藏起来，使得只有持有正确的密钥的人才能访问。因此，密码学在区块链中起到了重要的作用，可以保护账本信息的安全性和可信性。

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① What is blockchain

In the simplest terms, blockchain is a distributed ledger.

To understand what this means, we first have to look at its opposite: a centralized ledger. Because blockchain technology started with finance, we will also introduce it below using banks as an example.

The following is our process for using bank debit card transactions:

You can swipe your card to purchase goods in stores.

The merchant sends a statement to your bank for the agreed upon amount.

Your bank will verify that you may have authorized the purchase.

The bank sends the money to the merchant.

Finally, the bank records this information in its ledger.

There’s a lot of technology involved here, but that’s basically it. The last step is important - the bank records all transactions made by the customer. This ledger goes all the way back to the first transaction the bank made.

This ledger is kept, maintained and regulated by the bank. You can read it in your online bank account, but you can't change it. The bank has complete control. If it decides to make a change, there's nothing you can do about it.

Crucially, if hackers were able to access a bank’s ledger, that could cause a lot of problems. They can change the account balance to make it look like certain transactions never occurred, etc.

This is why distributed ledgers are so cool.

Blockchain Network Visualization

If a bank operates on a distributed ledger, each member of the bank will have a copy of the ledger, and whenever any member of the bank When they make a purchase, they tell every other member of the bank.

Each member will validate the transaction and add it to the ledger (the added records are called "blocks"). This has some important benefits, as there is no centralized authority that can manipulate records. Hackers accessing one ledger won't be a big problem because other ledgers can easily verify it.

On the other hand, it requires a lot of work. In short, the second system is blockchain (at least in financial scenarios).

As mentioned above, blockchain is a decentralized list of transactions. If I send Xiao Ming 2 Bitcoins, I send a message to everyone in the network saying "I am sending Xiao Ming 2 Bitcoins" and they all record the transaction.

The future of blockchain, how will it change our lives?

One thing that is important about blockchain is that it is a public resource and no one really owns it because everyone owns it.

Blockchain is not just science fiction. We don't need to careUnderstand the mechanisms behind this technology, but you need to understand that it may completely change our lives in the next 20 years.

This may sound bold, but remember, 20 years ago we were browsing the Internet on Netscape, using state-of-the-art Motorola flip phones, and buying our first DVD players. At that time, if we imagined that a computer could be held in our hands and that we could buy cars, make payments, and watch movies, it would have been considered a fantasy.

Although the impact of blockchain may not be as obvious as the Internet, nor as tangible as mobile phones, blockchain will effectively solve many worries in daily life. Such as intermediaries cheating people, transaction delays, etc. In our current lives, middlemen are everywhere and we take them for granted as a part of life. If one day these intermediaries cease to exist, you will find that the world will become a different place.

Imagine that by 2040, blockchain may become a mature and widely used technology. When one day you can't live without the blockchain just like you can't live without the Internet now, you will be surprised to find that this decentralized accounting technology has simplified the complexity and become a part of your lifestyle

② Do you know what the essence of blockchain is and what the principle of Bitcoin is?

Blockchain has been developed to this day for some time. During this time, people have been interested in blockchain. Cognition has undergone rapid changes.

The essence of blockchain is technology

Since we talk about the essence, what is the essence? The essence should be traced back continuously until it can no longer be traced back. Only then can what is obtained be called the essence. The essence of blockchain is a technology. Going back to the original starting point of the blockchain, when Bitcoin was first born, the problem it had to solve was the Byzantine Generals Problem. From a professional perspective, it was to solve the problem of how to achieve consistency in a distributed environment. . Blockchain technology is a combination of multiple technologies. It is naturally suitable for multi-party cooperation and can provide a trusted environment for multi-party cooperation.

Application of the non-tamperable characteristics of blockchain

Bitcoin’s technical principle P2P network

Bitcoin is a P2P computer Network, each network node stores all transaction records on the network. Generally speaking, any information can be recorded on one node plus several backups. All transaction records of the network are stored on each node, which results in the transaction records being visible to each node, and each node cannot independently modify the transaction records arbitrarily, thus forming a set of open and transparent transaction records.

③ Blockchain for inclusive finance in social work

Reprinted from Guo Yan

1. Imagination is the fundamental driving force

& #160; Social work is a profession based on practice. It is a discipline that promotes social change and development, improves social cohesion, empowers and liberates human beings. Its service targets are mostly disadvantaged groups in society. Practitioners are called "social work By". The core idea of ​​social work is that everyone is capable and can change.

The concept of Inclusive Finance was proposed by the United Nations in 2005. It refers to the provision of appropriate and effective financial services at an affordable cost to all classes and groups of society in need of financial services. , small and micro enterprises, farmers, urban low-income groups and other vulnerable groups are its key service targets.

The geek spirit behind the blockchain and its decentralized characteristics are a rebellion against the unequal will hidden behind centralization and authority, and a struggle for equality, scalability and the return of humanity. The pursuit of trust.

Social fairness and equality, giving ordinary people their due rights, is the common pursuit of social work, inclusive finance and blockchain. The three achieve the same goal through different paths, which corresponds to "every unknown person, Everyone should live with dignity."

Professor Yunus, founder of Grameen, said that imagination is the fundamental driving force for realizing dreams. Professor Yunus, founder of Grameen, said that imagination is the fundamental driving force for realizing dreams. By giving full play to the imagination of sociology, social work and financial technology, three people with the same background met and gave birth to the G2G (Group to Group) project.

2. Grameen-Jingtong Technology Inclusive Finance G2G Experiment

Grameen was founded by Bangladeshi banker Professor Yunus, aiming to provide low-income people with Financial services, poverty alleviation, and “embrace the untouchables in the financial world.” Grameen’s philosophy is consistent with Jingtong Technology’s founder Jingdi Wangtian (Zhou Sha)’s original intention to establish Jingtong in 2014 to promote inclusive finance. At the same time, Grameen’s five-person team and every ten teams form a center, and the operating model of node center managers that need to be rotated every year coincides with the decentralized nature of the blockchain; Grameen does not have complicated contracts, as shown on the form It takes effect as soon as it is signed, and the features of manual accounting, which anyone can view, are similar to the open and transparent distributed accounting method of the blockchain. It's just that Grameen's manual accounting method has the disadvantage of being inconvenient to disseminate. Jingtong Technology records and publicizes the data through the chain, passing Grameen's excellent credit record of more than 99% repayment rate to the market, making up for the inconvenience. Laimin has overcome the shortcomings of manual accounting methods and brought together more diverse forces to participate.

With the help of Mr. Zhang Pei, Vice President of Jingtong Technology, Grameen became a node in the Jingtong node ecosystem in October 2018, and took the G2G project as an opportunity to conduct in-depth cooperation. The first repayment of principal and interest for the first phase of the G2G experimental project was successfully completed on the SWTC public chain on February 28, 2019. I was personally fortunate to become a member of the investment group No. 002 for the second phase of the G2G project on March 21. One member.

Description of the G2G project

1. It not only follows the concept of public welfare, but also follows the laws of the commercial market. The experiment designed an annualized rate of return of 5% to ensure that Grameen members can afford it and at the same time ensure the sustainability of the project. This kind of design enriches the diversity of funding sources and allows more forces in society to participate, which is of great significance.

2. The design of the entire capital flow process absorbs Grameen’s ideas: G2G (Group to Group) group-to-group transaction model design to avoid information blind spots in point-to-point transactions. The investor group is responsible for the capital contribution, and the Grameen member group is the service recipient. There is no creditor-rights relationship between the two parties. Grameen conducts daily operations and management, and the SWTC Foundation is responsible for coordination and supervision. Even if the group defaults, Grameen will coordinate and balance the situation and will not affect the investors' income. Professional people do professional things and perform their duties without interfering with each other. Only in this way can poverty alleviation be more precise and effective.

The operation of the G2G project has richer details, but this is not the focus of this article and will not be detailed here. The spirit behind the G2G project and the care for the people at the bottom are the focus, which is where social work, inclusive finance and blockchain technology shine.

Nietzsche said that life has no meaning, but we have to give it meaning with the spirit of Dionysus. This is the greatest thing about human beings. While one should be wary of all things "great," I personally do want to be able to give my life meaning. It is the feeling given to me by the social work profession, and it is a pretext for self-deception and self-bragging. As an investor, I can participate in the G2G project, grow with Jingtong Technology, and contribute to China’s social work, inclusive finance and It would be an honor to make such a small contribution to the development of blockchain!

④ Female scientist Duan Sisi: "Both hands fighting" behind the blockchain "jianghu"

Duan Sisi is at the Institute for Advanced Study of Tsinghua University. (Photo provided by interviewee)

Duan Sisi works as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study of Tsinghua Universityresearcher. There are very few things in her working place, and the equipment is only three computers. The strange and dangerous offensive and defensive advances and retreats are only brewed in the mind and deduced on the keyboard, and there is no trace of "gunsmoke".

Her research direction is "Byzantine Fault Tolerance Algorithm", which aims to prevent network collapse caused by "enemy destruction" of each node in a distributed system. To put it figuratively, she is engaged in a high-intelligence "hands-on-hand game." The first step is to imagine a possible loophole or "enemy"; the second step is to find a way to make the "enemy" ineffective; the third step is to convince peers that she is solving a "real problem".

Duan Sisi defines himself this way: between a scientist and an engineer. She does not directly "fight" with hackers like a network engineer. She uses the power of mathematics and logic to set rules that make the "enemy" powerless.

"There are bandits among us." Duan Sisi used the term "killing game" to compare the "Byzantine Generals Problem" she studied. "The bandits spread false news and mislead the good people's judgment, and the war will be lost. What I want to do is to make an agreement to ensure that even if there are bandits, the good people will not lose."

Eighth century When the “Byzantine Generals Problem” was proposed in the early 1900s, no one knew what blockchain was. It is the continuous pragmatic research on this issue that supports today’s blockchain technology. Now, China has regarded blockchain as an important breakthrough for independent innovation in core technologies.

At first, the direction Duan Sisi chose was a bit unpopular. People who didn’t know what she was doing thought she was solving Mathematical Olympiad problems. She also encountered rejections from scientific journals. After the rise of blockchain, people saw the importance of network security protocols, and her academic achievements were seen by more people.

In January this year, Duan Sisi was selected as one of the "35 Technological Innovators Under 35 Years Old" in China in 2021 by MIT Technology Review. The reason for the award was that she proposed multiple industry-leading Byzantine fault-tolerant protocols. , achieved outstanding results in the fields of distributed systems, blockchain and applied cryptography.

Riding the fast train of emerging technologies, Duan Sisi said that he was quite lucky, but the explanatory power of luck is limited after all. There were not many female classmates during her master's and doctoral studies, and most of them did not continue their academic careers. The reason that supports her in not giving up is "it's quite interesting."

What makes Duan Sisi interesting is the various tricky questions she has come up with. In her opinion, discovering problems is sometimes more important than finding answers.

“Sybil attack”, “hard fork”, “Merkle tree”, “asymmetric encryption”… When asked to popularize these “black words” in the blockchain circle, Duan Sisi was like: When you press the answering machine during a quiz show, you think quickly, speak quickly, and explain the questions quickly.

Duan Sisi studied in the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering of the University of Hong Kong. In 2014, he received the Californiain computer science from the University of Davis. After graduation, he worked at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory and the University of Maryland. He returned to China with his family in 2020.

"I feel that domestic development is fast and the pace of work is also fast. I am more eager to develop in this aspect, especially in the computer field, although it will be tiring." She said.

Young and promising, with an interesting career and a happy family, people around her say she is a "winner in life", but she thinks her life is "a piece of cake". She is the mother of two boys, aged 6 and 4. She once held her baby in one hand and wrote code with the other.

She refuses to give up when she is young and can’t stop doing what she wants to do. This is also reflected in her work style. "Others can write code piecemeal, but I am used to writing it in one go."

To solve a Duan Sisi-type problem requires writing tens of thousands of lines of code, which takes at least several months of work. What this "scientist with a baby" desires most now is a chunk of time. "Once you are interrupted, you will forget what you were thinking when you come back," she said.

Duan Sisi shared an experience about "time management": If you encounter something that can be solved within 5 minutes, then solve it now. It will definitely take more than 5 minutes to put it off later.

⑤ In the future labor environment, () technology will solve the problem of reliable transmission of trust and value on the Internet.

In the future labor environment, (C) technology will solve the problem of reliable transmission of trust and value on the Internet.

Standard answer: C Blockchain

Blockchain is a new distributed infrastructure and computing paradigm, and a universal underlying technology framework. Blockchain is not a single, brand-new technology, but an integrated technological innovation across disciplines and fields based on cryptography, data structures, computer networks, distributed computing, operations research, information security, software development and testing, and systems engineering. .

Behind the blockchain

Simply speaking, the blockchain uses an encrypted chain block structure to store and verify data. Use consensus algorithms to generate and update data, and use script code (smart contracts) to automatically operate data. As a result, it can achieve trusted, deintermediated point-to-point transactions and collaboration in a network where nodes do not need to trust each other, thereby helping to solve the problem of reliable transmission of trust and value on the Internet.

At present, major countries around the world are accelerating the development of blockchain technology. In our country, the Yangtze River Delta has a good foundation in the fields of blockchain technology and industrial innovation. Among the 506 projects announced by the Central Cyberspace Administration of China that have passed the domestic blockchain information service registration, the Yangtze River Delta has 160 projects (72 projects in Shanghai, 59 projects in Zhejiang Province, 26 projects in Jiangsu Province, and 3 projects in Anhui Province).

⑥ Blockchain - What is the blockchain? Jindian Bixin can understand the blockchain

Blockchain - What is the blockchain? Jindian currency news can understand the blockchain?

Block Pioneer animation video helps you understand what is blockchain, easy to understand

What is blockchain, does Maobei belong to blockchain?

Answer: Maobei does not belong to the blockchain, but only uses blockchain technology. The characteristic of the blockchain is that everything that happens will be recorded and cannot be deleted or changed.

Blockchain, what is a block

Comprehensive interpretation of blockchain

When talking about blockchain, people always compare it with Bitcoin. On October 31, 2008, a person named "Satoshi Nakamoto" sent an email to a cryptography email group, claiming, "I have been working on a new electronic cash system, which is completely peer-to-peer and does not require Any trusted third party.” He launched a new system using Bitcoin as the transaction currency.

What is blockchain technology? What is blockchain?

Blockchain is a distributed shared accounting technology. What it wants to do is to allow all parties involved to establish a trust relationship at the technical level.

Blockchain can be roughly divided into two levels, one is the underlying technology of the blockchain; the other is the upper-layer application of the blockchain, that is, based on the transformation of the blockchain, Optimize or innovate applications.

What is the core meaning of blockchain? Our understanding is that the core meaning of blockchain is to establish data credit among participants, and to create a single transaction under clear regulations through unilateral confrontation. The ecology of all aspects jointly guarantees complete opportunities. This is a system. This establishment can end the problems before the blockchain. Before the blockchain, it was impossible to achieve new sharing when data was shared, even if it was targeted. It just gives you an interface. After the blockchain is established, the participants can realize the sharing of credit.

What are the underlying platforms of blockchain?

Answer: There are mainly the following categories:

1. Bitcoin. The earliest blockchain development was based on the Bitcoin blockchain network. Since Bitcoin is the most widely used and truly decentralized in the world, in terms of blockchain applications, Bitcoin is the most widely used blockchain in the world. A strong anchor with the greatest authority.

2. Ethereum. It can be said that apart from Bitcoin, Ethereum is currently the most eye-catching blockchain platform. Ethereum is a Turing-complete blockchain one-stop development platform that uses multiple programming languages ​​to implement protocols. It uses a client written in Go language as the default client (i.e., the method of interacting with the Ethereum network, and supports many other language client).

3. IBM HyperLedger. Also called fabric, its goal is to build a super ledger that is jointly maintained by the whole society. Fabric originated from IBM. Its original intention was to serve industrial production. IBM open sourced 44,000 lines of code, which is a great contribution and allows us to have The opportunity is so close to explore the principles of blockchain that are different from Bitcoin.

4. LISK. It is a new generation of blockchain platform that allows the development of JavaScript (Javascript technology again, engineers, take note) and distribution-based decentralized applications using an easy-to-use, full-featured ecological blockchain system.

5. Online recording blockchain platform. It is the research and development result of the underlying technology of the Wanglu blockchain and a basic platform capable of commercial delivery. In addition to serving the Wanglu public chain, the Wanglu blockchain platform is also the basic platform for Wanglu to create private chains and alliance chains for customers.

What is blockchain? What is blockchain for digital currencies?

In a narrow sense, blockchain is a chain data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is cryptographically guaranteed to be non-tamperable and non-forgeable. Ledger. Broadly speaking, blockchain technology uses block chain data structures to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithms to generate and update data, uses cryptography to ensure the security of data transmission and access, and uses automated scripts to A new distributed infrastructure and computing paradigm that uses smart contracts composed of code to program and manipulate data.
Nowadays, mainstream digital currencies are basically developed based on blockchain technology. Blockchain is the underlying technology of digital currency. The domestic tea-based digital currency Puyin was developed based on blockchain technology.

What is blockchain

The essence of blockchain is a decentralized accounting system, and Bitcoin is the currency that "exists in digital form" carried on this system. Blockchain is a system behind Bitcoin that consists of credit records and the settlement of credit records.

Blockchain is a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm. The so-called consensus mechanism is a mathematical algorithm that establishes trust and obtains rights and interests between different nodes in the blockchain system [1].
Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. The "2014-2016 Global Bitcoin Development Research Report" released by Huobi.com, Tsinghua University PBC School of Finance Internet Finance Laboratory and Sina Technology mentioned the area. Blockchain is the underlying technology and infrastructure of Bitcoin [2]. It is essentially a decentralized database and serves as the underlying technology of Bitcoin. Blockchain is a series of data blocks generated using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains information about a Bitcoin network transaction, which is used to verify the validity of its information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block< br /> The evolution of blockchain is:
▪ Blockchain 1.0 - digital currency
▪ Blockchain 2.0 - digital assets and smart contracts
▪ Blockchain 3.0— —IFMChain, DistrictBlockchain officially links mobile terminals

⑦ The relationship between blockchain and digital identity

This article is translated from: https://www.gsma.com/identity/the-relationship-between -blockchain-and-digital-identity

The word “identity” is often used to mean subtly different things. The Oxford English Dictionary succinctly defines it as "the fact of who or what a person or thing is"; ISO29115 prefers a broader definition: "a set of attributes associated with an entity".

Thus, identity is not a single characteristic but a set of attributes that vary across relationships, and the diversity of these relationships can increase the credibility of the claimed identity through corroboration.

In the physical world, this is fairly simple. For example, a government agency can certify a citizen's photo, name, and address; this information can be corroborated through an identity check conducted by a bank or telecom provider that is regulated to "know your customer," thus enhancing the relationship with a given The credibility of identity-related attributes, thereby enhancing the credibility of the identity itself.

Digital identity needs to function in a similar way, but the nature of the digital world makes it more difficult.

In particular, some of the key challenges facing digital identity include:

These requirements are also the fundamental building blocks behind blockchain.

A user’s digital identity can be represented in the blockchain as follows:

Here, the user’s identity enters the blockchain starting as a self-declared block, which contains the user’s The identity attribute (hash) and the user's public key, all of which are signed with the user's private key. At this stage, trust in the user's identity is at a basic level.

Other entities (such as banks or electricity suppliers with which the user has a relationship) are also represented in the blockchain, with their own hash properties and sets of public keys. These entities can establish a relationship with a user by signing the specific hashed attributes of the user associated with the relationship. For example, Passport Office can sign a hashed address, name, and subject photo if the attribute value asserted by the user matches the value recorded by Passport Office.

As more and more relationships are built for users in the blockchain, trust in the accuracy of the attributes (and therefore the identity itself) will naturally grow. Furthermore, as more transactions involve the user (other users or entities verify or trust the user's hashed properties), the "reputation capital" of the identity grows. In other words, confidence in the accuracy of the identity will increase, as will confidence in the trustworthiness of the person behind the identity based on what they do online - all of which is transparent to anyone It can be seen through the blockchain.

If any relationship between user and entity changes, a separate block with a cryptographically signed timestamp can be established in the blockchain, allowing any new validators to cryptographically Observe previous relationships and current relationships in protected sequences.

A key aspect of any service that users interact with is finding the right balance between convenience and security. As Eve Maler once pointed out, "An app that is 0% secure and 100% functional is still an app, but an app that is 100% secure and 0% functional is useless."

Blocks that represent digital identities in the blockchain are identified using a public key associated with a user, while the corresponding private key is the credential the user needs to maintain protected. So, in a sense, the public key can be thought of as equivalent to a user ID, while the private key is equivalent to a "password" or biometric.

However, the public key is not a convenient "user ID", and the private key is not something easily remembered (like a password) or something inherent to the user (like a biometric). Storing a private key securely to ensure it cannot be used by others, while being able to easily use it to assert relevant identities, is a real challenge.

One solution is to introduce the concept of a wallet, through which users can self-assert their properties and manage their public and private keys. This wallet can then be identified by a more convenient user ID (such as the user's MSISDN) and unlocked using traditional multi-factor authentication mechanisms. Users can then prove ownership of the private key, thereby confirming their identity.

Mobile Connect is an ideal framework to support such wallets, providing users with a simple authentication method that is both convenient and secure.

The decentralized way of mobile-connected managed wallets and blockchain-managed identities is a perfect solution to provide digital identities and provide them to users in a "convenient and secure" way.

⑧ What is the reason behind the blocking of blockchain public accounts

On the evening of August 21st, Beijing time, "Golden Finance", "Coin World News Service", "Deep Chain Finance" ”, “Cannon Rating”, “Huobi Information”, “Daily Coin Reading”, “TokenClub", "Wu Jie Blockchain" and other self-media public accounts involving blockchain, digital currency and other fields have been officially blocked by WeChat.

The above public account merger page shows, "By the user After the complaint was reviewed and reviewed by the platform, Jue Li Meng violated Jue Li Meng's "Interim Regulations on the Development and Management of Public Information Services for Instant Messaging Tools" and has been ordered to block all content and the account has been suspended."

⑨ What is encryption Currency

There are thousands of different cryptocurrencies, many of which rely on a network to keep track of how much money each user has.

Money can be confusing. Regardless of the math of personal finance, paper The concept of metals, metals, and digital currencies having a specific value in society is complex. It is therefore not surprising that a type of digital currency known as a cryptocurrency (derived from the Greek “crypto” meaning “hidden” or "secret") may be harder to keep your head above water.

Cryptocurrencies are rooted in the fringes of society. They have been notorious for being held as ransom or used for illegal purchases because transactions cannot be traced by conventional means.

Now more than ever, cryptocurrencies are more mainstream. Sky-high prices and stunning price cuts have attracted the attention of the media and speculative investors. In February 2019, financial giant JPMorgan Chase issued created its own cryptocurrency—a first among traditional financial institutions.

Cryptocurrencies are “widely tradable, non-*** digital assets,” Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. Since Bitcoin, perhaps the best-known cryptocurrency, was first proposed in 2008, many variations have emerged. There are now thousands of them, said James Angel, an associate professor who studies financial technology. Cryptocurrencies.

Put it on the blockchain

Many cryptocurrencies use blockchain technology. The idea behind blockchain is to maintain a "distributed ledger," similar to a database of information that multiple parties can Independent access and must consent to any changes. No user can change the information on the blockchain ledger without the permission of everyone else involved in the transaction and a clear record of their actions. This means that a blockchain can Prevent hackers from trying to rewrite the ledger or transfer funds without changing the log.

Blockchain is promoted as a security revolution, but in some ways, it just transfers sensitive Vulnerabilities in information. For example, customers may not trust their bank to protect their account balances, but if the customer loses their ATM card or online password, the bank will allow the customer to regain their funds. On the other hand, adding blockchain Cryptocurrencies place more security responsibility on customers, so a stolen or lost password could mean never accessing their funds.

Still, blockchain offers the opportunity to conduct familiar transactions more efficiently. Possibility "basis"Technology is very useful," Angel said.

Types of Cryptocurrencies

Not all cryptocurrencies are intended to be used in the same way as traditional currencies. According to Angel, there are three main categories of cryptocurrencies:

Utility tokens can be exchanged for services (or "utilities"), for example, on a network run by Ethereum, an open source computing platform and operating system with its own cryptocurrency. These services can is anything from online gaming and gambling, to marriage licenses.

Now, a key tool for token services is to facilitate so-called smart contracts. These are computer codes that protocol that uses blockchain to automate normally time-consuming communications between multiple parties. Utility tokens work similarly to arcade tokens that can be used in various games, as long as they are in the same arcade. That is, issuing utility tokens The same company of the token can provide multiple services.

Smart contracts can also be used independently of cryptocurrencies. For example, in Ohio, legislation allows the use of smart contracts to register car titles. Smart contracts can automatically coordinate buyers , car dealers, banks and insurance companies.

These types of contracts can simplify eve

⑩ Without issuing coins or touching ICO, what does Ant Chain rely on to cause the greatest impact? The tide of large-scale industries going on-chain

This article is reproduced with permission from Pinwan

I don’t know when it started, but the blockchain has become a collection of huge numbers. It can easily reach trillions of dollars. With assets, billions of nodes and hundreds of millions of users, this new technology, which has been born for more than ten years, has become a behemoth in the eyes of the global IT industry and media.

A person who has not participated in DeFi , not having studied DAO, not chatting a few words about web3 in the cafe, seems to have become a sin in the career of Internet people. It is like a British soldier in the 20th century who has never set foot on the mainland; or a Spanish sailor in the 19th century, It’s like I haven’t landed in America, I haven’t received the generosity God has given to this profession.

In the past June, three interesting things happened in the blockchain world. Maybe we will see you again in many years. Looking back, the milestones in the history of the development of blockchain technology are implicit in it:

The Federal Reserve’s interest rate hike has brought down many cryptocurrencies, especially Luna, which was regarded as a stable currency in mid-May and was almost worthless. After being cleared, the price of Bitcoin accelerated its decline in June, falling by more than 75% overall;

On June 23, Solana, the world’s most powerful blockchain, officially announced on social media that it would The launch of the web3 smartphone "Saga" and the customized web3 mobile operating system and Dapp application store;

These two major events in the web3 world are considered to be the major changes in software and hardware, software and hardware, when the "bear market" comes. between applied foam and underlying designA power switch. The web3 companies that have suffered heavy losses must "change their minds" and start with more pragmatic consumer applications to obtain more real and valuable customers. And this behavior of moving from fiction to reality and continuing to seek value from entities may become one of the ways for blockchain to survive the potential "bear market".

In the context of the above-mentioned blockchain world, the third event seems quite meaningful:

On June 24, China’s largest blockchain technology platform, owned by Ant Group The Ant Chain announced that the scale of its "physical devices" on the chain has exceeded 5 million units.

This is the "first time" that "physical assets" in industrial blockchains have been uploaded on such a large scale globally, and it is also an unprecedented breakthrough in the scale of "physical assets". Before this, no one has ever been able to operate physical equipment on the chain on such a large scale.

That’s right, 5 million.

How long has it been since you heard numbers like 5 million in technology news in the web3 world? Looking back at the development history of web3, the last time Bitcoin users exceeded 5 million was in 2017; today, this number has exceeded 200 million. In countries like South Korea, the proportion of cryptocurrency users among the total young population exceeds 20%. Even some large DAO organizations and Dapp applications are close to or even exceed this number.

However, the development of blockchain technology on the industrial side is different from that on the consumer side. The latter is "booming" due to the blessing of cryptocurrency, while the former needs to understand the pain points of the industry and advance scenario by scenario. It requires hard work and is more difficult to enter large-scale commercial use.

This time, the first 5 million in this industrial blockchain can be said to be a milestone number. This means that the physical assets on the chain have passed large-scale verification - a new door to the blockchain has opened.

Lonely Industrial Blockchain

First of all, the industry has very high requirements for segmented scenarios, which means that it is difficult for service providers to meet them with the same set of standardized technical means. All needs from all walks of life. Whether it is DeFI or DAO (Note: Decentralized Autonomous Organization), a general technical model can be used to cope with large enough demand scenarios.

But for industrial blockchains, sometimes customizing a specialized industry scenario requires a lot of time and energy. Take the cooperation between Ant Chain and Chery as an example. Due to the demand for device memory and bandwidth, Ant Chain needs to compress the memory resources of the code from 300KB to 1.5KB in order to meet the requirements of the "car chain".

This kind of "perverted" code optimization demand at the level of "stuffing an elephant into the refrigerator" is unimaginable for developers such as blockchain currencies. This can also illustrate from the side how difficult it will be to achieve universal cross-chain and cross-device interaction in industrial blockchains.

Secondly, the industry has extremely high requirements for the safety, stability, and economy of the chain. This was almost an "impossible triangle" in the past.

Taking Bitcoin as an example, in order to maintain the continuous stability and reliability of the Bitcoin world, major mining farms around the world consume more than 149 terawatt-hours of electricity every year for this encryption system of 21 million currencies. If Bitcoin were a country, its electricity consumption would be comparable to Vietnam, which would rank roughly 25th in the world, equivalent to the power generation of 1.5 Three Gorges Dams. If the social electricity price of 8 cents per kilowatt hour is shared equally in my country, the cost would be 120 billion yuan a year.

For Bitcoin, as long as someone pays the bill, the game can continue. But for industrial blockchain, it is impossible to find any market entity to pay for such crazy operation and maintenance costs. Even if there is, it is not in line with the social responsibility of industrial carbon reduction. Rigid cost-benefit is a red line across the industrial blockchain.

In addition, the industry is also very cautious about encryption requirements. This is a very heavy trust, because the blockchain means a decentralized counting method. Once the system is breached by malicious hackers, it will cause complex losses. The economic model the company builds on this may have holes.

This means that unlike wallets where blockchain currencies are dispersed on different terminal devices, the platform focuses more on algorithms. In addition to strengthening encryption capabilities in terms of algorithms, industrial blockchain companies also need to provide encryption services for a full set of equipment such as information collection & modeling, terminal computing equipment, and information transmission. And every aspect of this is a large, customized project.

Involving complex hardware scenarios is a troublesome matter in itself. Let's take a car as an example. There are interferences caused by complex electronic components inside the car. At the same time, the temperature control conditions of the vehicle components during driving must also be taken into consideration.

In short, the blockchain industry is not on the same level as blockchain currency in terms of actual implementation difficulty or early technology investment costs; but for the platform’s income, there is only one after-sales service. A fraction of that. Everyone knows that using blockchain technology in the digital upgrading of the industry is "technologically practical" and is the right thing to do, but everyone knows better that this is also a difficult thing.

The "Lonely Warrior" in the blockchain

A direct consequence of the difficulty of "industrial blockchain" is that many top talents have flowed to web3. According to statistics, approximately 34,000 developers will join DeFi in 2021, including many employees from leading Internet companies such as Google, Apple, and Facebook who will join full-time.

Compared with the flourishing of web3, the dynamics of industrial blockchain are obviously a bit deserted. On the one hand, many large technology companies look down on these unprofitable “dirty work”, on the other hand, it is difficult for start-up teams toSupport huge sunk costs and expensive market education expenses. In the global industrial blockchain field, there are still no decent unicorns.

However, although the industrial blockchain is full of difficulties, the problems on the industrial side will not disappear just because developers flee.

In many industrial scenarios, blockchain is still regarded as the best solution to break through data barriers in the industry.

Taking the logistics system of commodities as an example, my country has almost both the world’s most segmented manufacturing base and the world’s most complex commodity circulation market. This "complexity" is of course the result of the diversity of retail formats on the one hand, and on the other hand it is also due to the opacity of circulation information. A product's entire link of data from raw materials, manufacturers, distributors, logistics providers, and sales terminals is disconnected, forming fragmented information islands at each node. Every year, major consumer brands spend tens of millions of dollars in consulting fees to obtain very coarse-grained Chinese retail data that comes with heavy labor costs.

After all, no centralized data center can solve such complex data circulation problems, but industrial blockchain can do it.

Or take my country's large energy industry network as an example. The power grid itself is a super-large distributed computing system. Especially since my country has focused on developing distributed photovoltaic power generation industry in recent years, this distributed trend will be more enhanced; on the other hand, on the user side, the emerging consumer network formed by new energy vehicles, battery swap stations, supercharging piles, and batteries is also naturally distributed.

The participating entities and data types are complex. The best way is to use a distributed computing network to cope with the distributed computing power needs.

From the perspective of business common sense, big problems and big opportunities are often equated. Or maybe it comes from the simple philosophy of a Chinese IT person. After all, wherever the problem is, someone has to do it. Although this kind of persistence seems a bit lonely compared to the surging tide of web3, this may be an inevitable necessity. It's probably like a widely circulated famous saying by a certain business tycoon:

"Loneliness is sometimes priceless."

Therefore, there are still many Chinese industrial blockchain companies that are holding on, washing away the halo of valuation myths, and they are waiting for a tomorrow together.

The "Ant Chain" disclosed this time has surpassed the milestone of 5 million physical devices being uploaded to the chain. In fact, it is focusing on the "uplinking" in the new energy industry, covering new energy vehicles, solar photovoltaics, and new energy. Battery and other industries. Establishing a top-level industrial blockchain on the top-level industrial chain may be an important trend in China's blockchain industry in the future.

Obviously, the "Ant Chains" are trying to take over the baton handed to them by the times. When Columbus discovered the American continent, the most people who went to the Americas were trying to colonize and pan for gold; but Columbus himself persisted in exploring Central America., and discovered South America on his third voyage.

Columbus may not have been the richest man of his time, but he is a name the world will remember.

Why "Ant Chain"

What many people don't know is that Ant Group has been the largest exporter of patents in the global blockchain industry for many years. On the one hand, Ant Chain does have a strong investment in the blockchain; on the other hand, this is also related to the fact that Ant Chain does have a lot to do.

If you take a closer look at “Ant Chain”, you may be amazed at the company’s all-round and no-dead investment. It almost single-handedly managed to survive the trough of the “industrial blockchain” in The industry alone has planted a big forest. This is probably like what Liu Yu said, "Turning one person into a team."

The reason why Ant Chain was able to be the first to complete the launch of 5 million physical devices is inseparable from this all-round technical layout capability.

For example, when physical devices are put on the chain, a lot of communication collaboration with IOT technologies will be involved.

As early as June 2021, Ant Chain launched the first batch of wireless communication modules AntChain MaaS, which allows terminal devices to automatically connect to the blockchain through a root of trust based on the unique characteristics of the device and conduct the entire process. encryption. In July, Ant Chain then released the high-speed communication network BTN (Blockchain Transmission Network), which has become a high-throughput, low-bandwidth cost blockchain “highway”.

This technology of trustworthy data on-chain and throughput capability under large broadband conditions have basically made early communication preparations for the subsequent launch of large-scale physical equipment.

However, this is just a small test of Ant Chain’s many technical reserves.

These achievements and innovative technologies were all achieved in 2021 when "industrial blockchain" was ignored by the public. These investments in underlying technology have, on the one hand, helped Ant Chain achieve the first 5 million “physical devices” on the chain globally; on the other hand, it also indicates that 5 million is just the beginning, just like in 2017 Same as Bitcoin.

Therefore, while people are still discussing the bandwidth and scalability advantages of new public chains such as Solana compared to Bitcoin and Ethereum, Ant Chain has already achieved a double billion-level on-chain Capabilities - Support 1 billion account sizes, support 1 billion daily transactions, and achieve 100,000 cross-chain information processing capabilities per second (PPS)

When hackers attack ordinary users' Bitcoin wallets, However, web3 still has no hardware solution, and there is nothing that can be done about it. Ant Chain has redesigned a complete set of industrial Internet encryption systems from system architecture, terminals, and chips.

In this process, the world’s largest blockchain patent exporter has noIt has supported an ICO and has not issued a single coin. They built the industrial blockchain while standing up.

In fact, the blockchain itself is a thing that creates efficiency based on trust. As Jiang Guofei, the head of Ant Chain, repeatedly told the media, "Blockchain is a deep-seated trust connection technology, (it "'s mission) is to create better links and new value transfers in all walks of life."

This is the first 5 million of the blockchain, but it is a completely different 5 million from the past understanding. It is a door for a group of lonely Chinese IT people to open the future industry.