区块链小白入门,区块链怎么入门

今天，我们将来谈谈区块链小白如何入门，以及相关的三个关键词：比特币、区块链技术和智能合约。

比特币（Bitcoin）是一种基于密码学原理的数字货币，它是一种去中心化的电子货币，可以在全球范围内进行转账。它是目前最流行的区块链应用，也是最早的区块链应用，比特币的发行是由点对点网络进行的，它采用了一种叫做“工作量证明”的机制来确保交易的安全性，它也是目前最稳定的区块链应用。

区块链技术是一种分布式账本技术，它的主要特点是去中心化、透明度和不可篡改性，它可以将数据存储在分布式网络中，可以跨越网络节点之间的边界，可以实现数据的安全存储和共享。区块链技术有助于提高数据安全性，并可以在金融、物流、医疗等领域得到广泛应用。

智能合约是一种基于区块链技术的自动执行的合同，它可以实现自动执行合同，无需人工干预，可以节省时间和成本，还可以提高交易的安全性。智能合约可以用来实现自动记账、自动转账、自动支付等功能，可以用于金融、物流、医疗等领域。

总之，比特币、区块链技术和智能合约是区块链小白入门的三大关键词，它们是区块链的核心技术，为我们提供了一种安全、高效、便捷的数据交换方式，可以在金融、物流、医疗等领域得到广泛应用。

㈠ How to get started in the currency circle for beginners

Be careful of MLM scams. Many virtual currencies are pyramid schemes and scam organizations. It is best to first understand whether the virtual currency you want to invest in is a pyramid scheme.

㈡ How can a novice understand the hash calculation in the blockchain in seconds

​ How can a novice understand the hash calculation in the blockchain in seconds

When I was learning about the blockchain, I found a word that appeared repeatedly like a ghost, "Hash ”, written in English as “HASH”.

That classmate who said he had diarrhea, get out of here! !

This "hash" is said to be a function derived from cryptography. Try searching and you will find a bunch of papers, either horizontal or vertical, tables or pictures, and another Hei doesn't understand xyzabc. Brother, I just want to understand the basic knowledge of blockchain. Why is it so difficult for me? ! My longest password is 123456, and the more complicated one is 654321. When it is the most complicated, add an a at the end. The complicated password you wrote to me obviously feels like my brain power is being drained, and my only brain cells are dying in batches! In order to let novice students like me understand this, I reluctantly tried to explain hash calculation in a fool's language, not seeking the most accurate but the simplest and easiest to understand. Let’s start:

# 1. What is a hash algorithm

## 1. Definition: A hash algorithm converts a string of any length into a fixed-length character string.

It can be seen from here that it can be understood as inputting a string of numbers to the "hash operation", and it will output a string of numbers**.

If we define the "increment by one algorithm" ourselves, then if we input 1, it will output 2; if we input 100, it will output 101.

If we define the "uppercase algorithm" ourselves, then input "abc" and output "ABC".

Haha, don’t hit me yet! This is really just the concept of a function.

## 2. Features:

What are the characteristics of this hash algorithm compared with my "increment by one algorithm" and "uppercase algorithm"?

1) **Certainty, fast calculation**: The result is the same no matter how you calculate it, and the calculation efficiency is high.

2) **Irreversible**: It means knowing that the output cannot deduce the value of the input.

3) **Unpredictable results**: Just change the input a little, and the results will be completely irregular.

In short, this hash operation is a black box and a good helper for encryption! You say "11111", it encrypts it to "" for you,When you say "11112", it becomes "" for you. Anyway, the input and output are in the sky and under the ground. Even if the input is related, the two outputs are not related.

# 2. The use of hash operations in the blockchain

## 1. Data encryption

**Transaction data is processed through hashing Hash operation is performed to encrypt, and the corresponding hash value is written into the block header**. As shown in the figure below, a block header contains the hash value of the previous block and the hash value of the next block.

1), **Identify whether the block data has been tampered with**: The hash value of the blockchain can uniquely and accurately identify a block. Any node in the blockchain can pass a simple hash The hash value of this block can be obtained by hash calculation. The calculated hash value has not changed, which means that the information in the blockchain has not been tampered with.

2), **Connect each block into a blockchain**: Each block contains the hash value of the previous block and the value of the next block, which is equivalent to The hash value of the previous block is linked to the end of the previous block, and the hash value of the next block is linked to the head of the next blockchain, thus forming a blockchain with a chain structure.

## 2. Encrypted transaction address and hash

In the block header above, there is a hash value of the Merkle root (Merkle root), which What is it used for?

First, understand what Merkle root is? It is the root of a binary tree structure. What is a binary tree? What is a root? Just look at the picture below to find out. One can be divided into two, two can be divided into four, and four can be divided into eight. It is called a binary tree. The root is the topmost node and is called the root.

Where does this root data come from? After the hash value of each transaction in a block is obtained, the hash values ​​are then hashed, and then hashed, and then hashed again, until the top value is reached.

What’s going on after hashing like this for a long time? What does it do?

1), **Quickly locate each transaction**: Since transactions are stored linearly, locating a transaction requires traversal, which is inefficient and time-consuming. Such a binary tree can quickly Locate the deal you are looking for.

To give an inappropriate example: How to find an arbitrary integer between 0-100? (Assuming the answer is 88) A better way is to ask: 1. Is it larger or smaller than 50? 2. Is it larger or smaller than 75? 3. Is it larger or smaller than 88? You can quickly locate the answer with just a few questions.

2), **Verify whether the transaction data has been tampered with**: From the transaction to the hash value of each binary tree, any change in any number will cause Merkle root value changes. At the same time, if an error occurs, you can quickly locate the error.

## 3. Mining

There is a parameter in our block header called **random number Nonce. The process of finding this random number is called "mining" **! Any machine on the network only needs to find a suitable number to fill in the Nonce position of its own block, so that the hash value of the data in the 6 fields (80 bytes) of the block header is more than 18 Starting with 0, whoever found "the gold"! Since there is no way for us to write a number that satisfies 18 zeros in advance and then infer Nounce, the only way is to try one by one starting from 0 to see if the result meets the requirements. If not, try the next one until it is found.

What are you looking for this number for? What's the use of doing this?

1), **Fairly find the computer with the strongest computing power**: This is a bit like I have a sand here, and let me tell you that it is the same as a grain of sand on that beach, you Find the same ones. The feasible way is to pick up each pill and compare them! Then the person with the fastest speed is most likely to reach the sand first. This is the so-called "proof of work POW". If you find this sand first, I think you will compare the most and do the most work.

2) **Dynamic adjustment of difficulty**: In order to ensure that a block is produced in 10 minutes, Bitcoin will calculate the difficulty of finding this nonce number every 2016 blocks (2 weeks) , if the average time of these 2016 blocks is less than 10 minutes, increase the difficulty, and if it is more than ten minutes, decrease the difficulty. In this way, no matter how the mining computing power of the entire network changes, the random number nonce can be calculated within 10 minutes.

# 3. What are the hash operations?

Having said so many hash operations, it seems that hash operations are just one type, but in fact they are not! As hash operations in cryptography, many schools have been derived from the continuous development. After watching "Man Tou Bao", I still feel that the internal mechanism is too complicated. I will list it as follows for now, so that novices can have an impression and know what is going on.

It can also be seen from the table below that hash operations are also constantly developing. There are various algorithms, and various applications are also flexibly applying single or multiple algorithm. In the Bitcoin system, hash operations basically use the SHA256 algorithm, while Litecoin uses the SCRYPT algorithm. Quark and Dash use many algorithms in series layer by layer. Heavycoin (HAV) However, the following algorithms are connected in parallel, and parts from each are mixed together for use. Ethereum'sThe POW stage uses the ETHASH algorithm, and ZCASH uses EQUIHASH.

It should be noted that various algorithms for hash operations are constantly being upgraded and improved, and the algorithms used by various currencies are not static and are also being continuously optimized.

**Summary**: Hash operations are widely used in various blockchain projects. Taking Bitcoin as an example, we can see that in **data encryption and transaction data positioning , mining, etc. all play an extremely important role**. As a branch of cryptography, hashing continues to develop and extend. As ordinary novices, if we want to understand some basic concepts of blockchain, understanding this level is enough.

㈢ 2018-09-05 Xiaobai learns blockchain-21 super nodes

1. What is a super node

The so-called super node is Refers to the nodes in the EOS network that collect transaction information and package it into blocks. They can also be simply understood as the "miners" who package blocks.

2. Why are there 21 super nodes

We know that centralization has high efficiency but low security; decentralization has high security but low efficiency. . Therefore, the blockchain world has always wanted to find a balance between centralization and decentralization to take into account security and efficiency. EOS is based on this. In order to improve the efficiency of network operation, it responds by reducing nodes and uses voting to determine 21 nodes. In addition, there are 100 alternative node witnesses. These nodes may be the right ones in BM’s view. A good balance of efficiency and security.

3. Benefits of becoming a super node

It is mentioned in the paper that EOS will issue an additional 5% of tokens to those who maintain nodes every year. What is the concept of this money? The total amount of EOS is one billion, 5% is 50 million; the current price of EOS is calculated at 40 RMB, and it is divided among 21 nodes. Each node still earns close to 100 million in annual income. Once the price of EOS soars, the future benefits of these super nodes will be immeasurable. In the face of such huge benefits, big bosses from all over the world will come to run for nodes to get a share of the pie.

4. The significance of super nodes to currency holders

In order to obtain votes, teams competing for super nodes either buy a large amount of EOS or offer more attractive rewards. When canvassing votes, some teams will use the proceeds to distribute dividends to everyone (BM does not support such vote buying), and some will provide other benefits. Secondly, voting must use EOS, which injects value relative to the EOS currency, making it a more valuable currency.

㈣ 2018-10-05 Xiaobai learns blockchain - what is a sub-chain

1. What is a sub-chain

Relative toThe concept of parent chain, simply understood, is a blockchain built on the underlying parent chain, and the chain on the chain is the child chain.

2. Characteristics of sub-chains

1. Sub-chains are representatives of various industries or vertical fields of the blockchain, and they also subdivide various blockchain projects in various fields. collectively.

2. When a sub-chain is created, the relevant information of the sub-chain will be recorded in the parent chain, which means that the data uploaded to the chain must rely on the parent chain for preservation, validation, traceability, etc.

3. The sub-chain has the characteristics of efficient processing capabilities, convenience and wide coverage.

3. Application of sub-chain

Press one may be a relatively well-known sub-chain based on Mixin Network. It is mainly a sub-chain for identity authentication and data uploading. Chain is the first sub-chain connected to NULS. It is a blockchain project that uses blockchain technology to combat counterfeit products and provides brand merchants with the most credible technology to protect their brand image.

㈤ Tutorial for getting started with blockchain

However, there are very few simple and easy-to-understand introductory articles. What exactly blockchain is and what makes it special is rarely explained.
Next, I will try to write a best-understood blockchain tutorial. After all, it is not difficult. The core concept is very simple and can be explained clearly in a few sentences. I hope that after reading this article, you will not only understand the blockchain, but also understand what mining is, why mining is getting more and more difficult, and other issues.
It should be noted that I am not an expert in this area. Although I have been paying attention to it for a long time, my detailed understanding of blockchain started at the beginning of this year. You are welcome to correct any errors or inaccuracies in the article.
1. The essence of blockchain
What is blockchain? In a word, it is a special distributed database.
First of all, the main function of blockchain is to store information. Any information that needs to be saved can be written to the blockchain and read from it, so it is a database.
Secondly, anyone can set up a server, join the blockchain network, and become a node. In the world of blockchain, there is no central node. Every node is equal and stores the entire database. You can write/read data to any node, because all nodes will eventually be synchronized to ensure that the blockchain is consistent.
2. The biggest features of blockchain
Distributed databases are not a new invention, and there have been such products on the market for a long time. However, blockchain has a revolutionary feature.
Blockchain has no administrator, it is completely centerless. Other databases have administrators, but blockchain does not. If one wanted to add auditing to the blockchain, it would not be possible because it is designed to prevent the emergence of a central authority.
It is precisely because it is unmanageable that blockchain can be uncontrollable. Otherwise, once a large company gathersIf the group controls the management rights, they will control the entire platform, and other users must obey their orders.
However, without the administrator, everyone can write data into it. How can we ensure that the data is trustworthy? What should I do if it is modified by bad people? Please read on, this is the wonderful thing about blockchain place.
3. Block
Blockchain is composed of blocks. Blocks are much like database records. Every time data is written, a block is created.
Each block contains two parts.
Head: records the characteristic values ​​of the current block
Body: actual data
The block header contains multiple characteristic values ​​of the current block.
Generation time
Hash of the actual data (i.e. block body)
Hash of the previous block
...
Here, you need to understand what a hash is , which is necessary to understand blockchain.
The so-called hashing means that the computer can calculate a characteristic value of the same length for any content. The hash length of the blockchain is 256 bits, which means that no matter what the original content is, a 256-bit binary number will be calculated in the end. And it can be guaranteed that as long as the original content is different, the corresponding hash must be different.
For example, the hash of the string 123 is (hexadecimal), which is 256 bits when converted to binary, and only 123 can get this hash. (Theoretically, it is possible for other strings to get this hash, but the probability is extremely low and can be approximated as impossible.)
Therefore, there are two important inferences.
Corollary 1: The hash of each block is different, and the block can be identified by the hash.
Corollary 2: If the content of the block changes, its hash will definitely change.
4. The non-modifiable nature of Hash
Blocks and hashes have a one-to-one correspondence, and the hash of each block is calculated based on the block header (Head). That is to say, the characteristic values ​​​​of the block header are connected together in order to form a very long string, and then the hash is calculated on this string.
Hash = SHA256 (block header)
The above is the calculation formula of block hash. SHA256 is the hash algorithm of the blockchain. Note that this formula only contains the block header and not the block body. In other words, the hash is uniquely determined by the block header.
As mentioned before, the block header contains a lot of content, including the hash of the current block body. , and the hash of the previous block. This means that if the content of the current block body changes, or the hash of the previous block changes, it will definitely cause the hash of the current block to change.
This point has great significance for blockchain. If someone modifies a block, the hash of the block changes. In order for subsequent blocks to still be connected to it (because the next block contains the hash of the previous block), the person must modify all subsequent blocks in sequence, otherwise the modified block will be removed from the blockchain. Due to the reasons mentioned later, hash calculation is very time-consuming, and it is almost impossible to modify multiple blocks in a short period of time, unless someone controls more than 51% of the computing power of the entire network.
It is through this linkage mechanism that the blockchain ensures its own reliability. Once the data is written, it cannot be tampered with. This is just like history, what happened happened, and it can’t be changed from now on.
Each block is connected to the previous block, which is where the name blockchain comes from.
5. Mining
Since synchronization between nodes must be ensured, the adding speed of new blocks cannot be too fast. Just imagine, you have just synchronized a block and are preparing to generate the next block based on it, but at this time, another node generates a new block, and you have to give up half of the calculations and synchronize again. Because each block can only be followed by one block, you can only generate the next block after the latest block. So, you have no choice but to sync as soon as you hear the signal.
So, the inventor of the blockchain, Satoshi Nakamoto (this is a pseudonym, and his true identity is still unknown) deliberately made it difficult to add new blocks. His design is that on average, the entire network can generate a new block every 10 minutes, which is only six per hour.
This output speed is not achieved through commands, but by deliberately setting up massive calculations. In other words, only through an extremely large amount of calculations can the effective hash of the current block be obtained and the new block added to the blockchain. Because the amount of calculation is too large, it cannot be done quickly.
This process is called mining, because the difficulty of calculating a valid hash is like finding a grain of sand that meets the conditions among the sand in the world. The machine that calculates hashes is called a mining machine, and the person who operates the mining machine is called a miner.
6. Difficulty coefficient
After reading this, you may have a question. People say that mining is difficult, but isn’t mining just about using a computer to calculate a hash? This is the strength of computers. How could it be? It becomes very difficult, why can’t it be calculated?
It turns out that not just any hash can be used, only hashes that meet the conditions will be accepted by the blockchain. This condition is particularly harsh, causing most hashes to fail to meet the requirements and must be recalculated.
It turns out that the block header contains a difficulty coefficient (difficulty), which determines the difficulty of calculating the hash. For example, the difficulty coefficient of the 100,000th block is 14484.16236122.
The blockchain protocol stipulates that the target value (target) can be obtained by dividing the difficulty coefficient by a constant. Obviously, the greater the difficulty coefficient, the smaller the target value.
The validity of the hash is closely related to the target value. Only hashes smaller than the target value are valid, otherwise the hash is invalid and must be recalculated. Since the target value is very small, the chance that the hash is smaller than this value is extremely slim, and it may be calculated 1 billion times before it is considered a hit. This is the fundamental reason why mining is so slow.
As mentioned earlier, the hash of the current block is uniquely determined by the block header.If the hash of the same block needs to be calculated repeatedly, it means that the block header must keep changing, otherwise it is impossible to calculate different hashes. All feature values ​​in the block header are fixed. In order to make the block header change, Satoshi Nakamoto deliberately added a random item called Nonce.
Nonce is a random value. The role of the miner is actually to guess the value of Nonce so that the hash of the block header can be smaller than the target value so that it can be written to the blockchain. Nonce is very difficult to guess. At present, we can only use trial and error one by one through exhaustive methods. According to the protocol, Nonce is a 32-bit binary value, which can reach a maximum of 2.147 billion. The Nonce value of the 100,000th block is 274148111. It can be understood that the miner started from 0 and calculated 274 million times before obtaining a valid Nonce value so that the calculated hash can meet the conditions.
If you are lucky, you may find Nonce in a while. If you are unlucky, you may have calculated it 2.147 billion times without finding the Nonce, that is, it is impossible to calculate a hash that meets the conditions for the current block body. At this time, the protocol allows miners to change the block body and start a new calculation.
7. Dynamic adjustment of difficulty coefficient
As mentioned in the previous section, mining is random, and there is no guarantee that a block will be produced in exactly ten minutes. Sometimes it can be calculated in one minute, and sometimes it may take several hours. No result. Overall, with the improvement of hardware equipment and the increase in the number of mining machines, the computing speed will definitely become faster and faster.
In order to keep the output rate constant at ten minutes, Satoshi Nakamoto also designed a dynamic adjustment mechanism for the difficulty coefficient. He stipulated that the difficulty factor should be adjusted every two weeks (2016 blocks). If the average block generation speed in these two weeks is 9 minutes, it means that it is 10% faster than the legal speed, so the next difficulty factor will be increased by 10%; if the average block generation speed is 11 minutes, it means It is 10% slower than the legal speed, so the difficulty factor of the next step must be lowered by 10%.
The difficulty coefficient is adjusted higher and higher (the target value is getting smaller and smaller), which makes mining more and more difficult.
8. Forks of the blockchain
Even if the blockchain is reliable, there is still an unresolved problem: if two people write data to the blockchain at the same time, that is to say, two people write data to the blockchain at the same time. Blocks join because they are connected to the previous block, forming a fork. Which block should be adopted at this time?
The current rule is that new nodes always adopt the longest blockchain. If there is a fork in the blockchain, it will look at which branch is behind the fork to reach 6 new blocks first (called six confirmations). Based on a block calculation of 10 minutes, it can be confirmed in one hour.
Since the generation speed of new blocks is determined by computing power, this rule means that the branch with the most computing power is the authentic blockchain.
9. Summary
Blockchain is an unmanaged distributed database. From 2It has been running for 8 years since 2009 without any major problems. This proves it works.
However, in order to ensure the reliability of data, blockchain also has its own price. The first is efficiency. You have to wait at least ten minutes to write data to the blockchain. All nodes synchronize the data, which requires more time. The second is energy consumption. The generation of blocks requires miners to perform countless meaningless calculations. This is Very energy consuming.
Therefore, the applicable scenarios of blockchain are actually very limited.
There is no management authority that all members trust
The written data does not require real-time use
The benefits of mining can make up for its own costs
If the above conditions cannot be met, then the traditional database is Better solution.
Currently, the largest application scenario (and possibly the only application scenario) of blockchain is the cryptocurrency represented by Bitcoin.

㈥ How to learn blockchain by yourself

The first stage: The basic basics of blockchain technology theory is suitable for students who have many needs for blockchain technology. It is currently the The most comprehensive and latest course system. With the rapid appreciation of Bitcoin, blockchain technology has become more and more sought after and learned by people from all walks of life, whether from the perspective of understanding and expanding knowledge, investment, or technology research and development. The courses are all suitable for everyone to download and study. Course schedule: Lesson 1 ICO & EOS Understand the risks of ICO and ICO projects, and how to judge whether an ICO is reliable Lesson 2 The past and present life of Bitcoin blockchain Understand the origin and related background knowledge of Bitcoin and blockchain Lesson 3 Blockchain-related cryptography knowledge necessary for mastering cryptography. Lesson 4: Bitcoin Transactions: A deep dive into what happens behind Bitcoin transactions. Lesson 5: Block Generation and Linking: A deep dive into how blockchains are generated and verified. No. 6 Lesson: The principle of forking in blockchain. Why does blockchain fork? How should I handle the coins in my hand before and after the fork? Lesson 7: How does the wallet know how many coins I have? How can I hold the coins in my hand more safely? Lesson 8 Mining Understand the history and principles of mining, experience mining in the Bitcoin regression test environment Lesson 9 Blockchain Security Understand the security issues of the blockchain, how to "steal" other people's coins Lesson 10 Smart Contract Learning The principles of blockchain 2.0 smart contracts and understanding how smart contracts are written and run

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The second stage: introduction to blockchain technology research and development to mastery Introduction: There is no doubt that, Blockchain technology is a very hot new technology at the moment and is highly praised by large IT companies and experts around the world. Not long ago, the blockchain technology platform enterprise Ethereum Alliance (EEA) announced its official establishment, with nearly 30 giants including JPMorgan Chase, Microsoft, and Intel joining. It is extremely optimistic about the prospects of Ethereum. Although the term blockchain is currently popular, it is difficult to truly understand it. Not many people know about blockchain technology. If you no longer want to be just a bystander, welcome to take this course, after studying this course, you can master the following contents: master the blockchain technology in depth, understand what mining is, learn how to build your own blockchain network, and how to use it in your own blockchain network or enterprise Ethereum network. Publish your own applications on the Internet, how to write smart contracts, blockchain technology applications, etc. This course is mainly practical and mainly teaches first-line practical skills to ensure that students can quickly apply what they have learned! Course schedule: 1. Introduction to blockchain 1.1 Introduction to blockchain technology 1.2 Blockchain platform, Ethereum, an open source blockchain technology platform 1.3 Working principle of Ethereum, Ethereum virtual machine, account 1.4 What can Ethereum be used for? , Blockchain technology application appreciation, etc. 1.5 Ethereum White Paper 2. Client installation and operation 2.1 Client installation 2.2 Ethereum account creation and management 2.3 Multi-signature account 2.4 Ethereum 3. Ethereum network 3.1 Ethernet network type 3.2 Building local Private network, customized genesis block 3.3 Mining on local private network 4. Introduction to smart contract programming 4.1 Networking of multiple private nodes in Ethereum 4.2 Introduction to smart contract writing, deployment and use in multi-nodes 4.3 Introduction to development language Solitidy 4.4 Building a development environment 4.5 Basic variable types 5. Solididy complex variable types 5.1 Enumeration 5.2 Structure 5.3 Mapping 5.4 Delete 5.5 Introduction to common attributes and methods of blocks and transactions 6. Solididy methods 6.1 Anonymous methods 6.2 Modifiers 7. Solididy inheritance and events 8 .Solitidy Programming Practice 8.1 Smart Contract--"Voting" 9.Solitidy Programming Practice 9.1 Smart Contract--"Create Your Own Token" 9.2 Smart Contract--"Public Auction" 10. Decentralized Application Dapp Project Practice 10.1 Ethereum web3 interface 10.2 Building an Ethereum online wallet 10.3 Building a truffle development framework on Windows

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The third stage: Introduction to the latest high-value selected e-books: In addition to video tutorials, We have also collected and compiled a number of very classic e-books for students to learn more deeply about blockchain technology. These e-books are expensive, published relatively recently, and come in a variety of reading formats, not just PDF, but suitable for common reading software installed on mobile phones. Course schedule: 1. "How Blockchain Will Redefine the World" 2. "Blockchain Society: Decoding Blockchain Global Applications and Investment Cases" 3. "Blockchain Revolution: How Bitcoin's underlying technology will changeChanging Currency, Business and the World" 4. "Blockchain: From Digital Currency to Credit Society" 5. "Blockchain: Technology Drives Finance" 6. "Blockchain: Reshaping the Economy and the World" 7. "Illustration Area" Blockchain" 8. "In the Artificial Intelligence Era, Understand Blockchain Finance in One Book" (Practical Series of Enterprise Management in the Internet + Era) 9. "Blockchain Technology Guide" 10. "Blockchain: Defining the Future of Finance and Economy" New Pattern" 11. "Business Blockchain: Opening a New Era of Cryptoeconomics" 12. "Accenture's Outlook: Blockchain +" 13. "Bitcoin"

㈦ Taking stock of newbies in the currency circle Basic gameplay that needs to be understood

The concept of blockchain seems to have spread all over the world overnight, and the currency circle that emerged with the blockchain has become a fertile ground for creating countless wealth myths. For a time, almost everyone, whether they were large investors or small investors, set their sights on this circle, pouring in with large amounts of capital, fearing that if they were slow, they would miss the opportunity. In fact, as an emerging industry, many investors have entered the market hastily without knowing almost anything about blockchain, and in the end they will naturally not escape the fate of being "harvested". Since we all enter the currency circle to make money, have you really thought about how to make money in the currency circle? In other words, how to make money more stably in the currency circle? Method One: Project Crowdfunding In the currency circle, project crowdfunding is undoubtedly the most exciting method for investors. In this way, the assets of many investors have increased dozens or even hundreds of times in a short period of time, and the space for imagination is infinite. However, today is different from the past. The number of crowdfunding projects on the market has increased sharply and the quality is mixed. The current crowdfunding projects have a great risk of failure. Once the investment fails, it is very likely that all investments will be lost. Method 2: Short-term currency speculation. Short-term currency speculation is also called swing. In the currency circle, short-term currency speculation is the most common way to play, and it is also the first step for most people to enter the currency circle to unlock. However, making short-term investments in the blockchain world is undoubtedly gambling on luck and is extremely risky. If you think you can succeed in the currency circle by following the K-line analysis of some "short-term masters", then congratulations, you are not far from being a qualified leek. If you don't lose money within three years, I will lose. Method 3: The so-called arbitrage of moving bricks. In fact, it is to take advantage of the different transaction prices of each currency on different platforms. Buy from the platform with a lower price, and then sell it to the platform with a higher price. The price difference in the middle is naturally the price difference between the two currencies. Profit from bricks. Speaking of which, do you think that moving bricks is a sure-fire way to make money? Too young too simple! Moving bricks is actually a technical job. Since different exchanges process currency withdrawals at different speeds, during the period of currency withdrawals, the prices of the two markets are very likely to reverse. In addition, it takes time to withdraw currency between different exchanges. As for handling fees, in fact, only the trading platform can make a profit without losing money.

Method 4: Receive airdrops and receive airdrops, also called harvesting wool. In order to allow potential investors to obtain token-related information, some projects will regularly conduct airdrops to useThe user's wallet address is used to transfer coins. Since airdrops are generally received for free, this method is also popular among a considerable number of users. Airdrops seem to be a way to make money at zero cost. In fact, some fraud gangs often lure people with high airdrop rewards, then induce users to enter their private keys, and finally transfer all the tokens in the user's wallet address. It can be seen that airdrops are not absolutely guaranteed to make money without losing money. Method 5: Invest in the Kssbtc platform for stable financial management.

The safest way is to join a blockchain company, invest in projects, and follow the team! KssBit's one-stop digital currency fund redemption platform KssBit integrates quantification, strategy, AI arbitrage, Defi, ETF and other comprehensive profit-making fund platforms. The platform supports BTC, USDT, and ETH currency-based financial management, providing sustained income and surviving bull and bear markets. At the same time, there are a variety of funds to choose from, which are robust and aggressive to meet the needs of different users. All funds can be deposited and withdrawn at any time, with real-time settlement. No lock-up, irregular period, flexible and convenient. This is the most stable and realistic way to "make sure you make money without losing money" at the moment!

㈧ Tutorial for beginners on blockchain wool, a must-read tutorial for beginners in the currency circle

Explanation of terms:

Blockchain token
< br /> A new business model created based on blockchain technology, and token is the token of each project. We collectively call it 'token'. Tokens are generated as the project progresses and develops

and are circulated with landing applications. Value (this value depends on the consensus of everyone)

The blockchain is a bit like a huge, global and decentralized accounting book.

It uses To record how much currency one person sends to another person, and to track the balances of all accounts.

It is performed by thousands of people around the world who have special computers (we also call them miners) Recorded and maintained.

Blocks in the blockchain are composed of many transaction records. These transactions are operated from wallets such as Imtoken, MetaMask, Exos, Mist, Geth, Parity and other similar operation interfaces. Send it out

2. Airdrop

Each project will airdrop a certain proportion of tokens as a benefit for the start of community construction. In order to allow more future users to participate, airdrops are It is the most important part of the commercial application of blockchain (you can understand it as the previous Internet projects allowed everyone to take taxis, eat, etc. for free)

3. Wallet

Wallets are divided into ' Light wallet, hardware wallet, Bitcoin wallet, Ethereum wallet, cold wallet, etc.

Blockchain technology inDifferent fields solve different industry pain points, so the value generated is also very different

For example: Bitcoin solves the problem of trust, so its value is now 50,000 yuan each

Ethereum solves the problem of smart contracts, so each one is now worth 4,000

Ripple solves the problem of cross-border payment, so it currently ranks third in market value

4. Pain points solved by wallets

Traditional banks

When you register an account at a bank or exchange, these institutions will create a new account for you in their internal systems An account. The bank will closely track your personal information, record your account password, balance, transaction records and fully control your funds. The bank will charge account management and service fees while providing services to you, such as helping you recover Stolen credit card consumption. The bank allows you to use prepaid consumption methods such as checks or debit cards, as well as check your balance online, reset your password, and replace your lost debit card. When you use a bank or exchange When trading with an account, the transaction amount and transfer address may be restricted by these institutions, and there are also review processes. These restrictions will also charge you additional handling fees.

Virtual Currency Wallet

When you create an account in any wallet, it actually just generates a pair of cryptographically significant digital strings: the private key and public key (address) of your account. Generate The entire process of these keys occurs within the browser of your local computer or mobile phone. The wallet file will never forward, receive or save your private key, password or any account information. The wallet file will never charge any handling fees .Simply put, you just use this operation interface to interact directly with the blockchain network. If you provide your public key (address) to others, then the other party can send you tokens. If you provide your private key to If someone else, then the other party will have complete control of your account and funds.

5. Wallet security

Please actively pay attention to the security of your account private key and password. Keys sometimes also exist in the form of mnemonic phrases, keystore files, UTC files, JSON files, wallet files, etc. Please remember that if you accidentally lose your private key or password, no one can recover them. .If you enter your private key into a phishing website, they will steal all your funds. Do not trust or click on phishing websites you see in email, Slack, Reddit, Twitter, etc.Page link. Develop a good habit of manually entering the address to open the website. Do not open the website through links in emails or other channels. Make a backup of your private key or password. It is best not to save them on your computer, handwrite or print them. Save them on paper. Save backups of private keys or passwords in a secure offline environment. If they are kept together with your computer, a fire or flood can easily destroy them. Never store your private keys or passwords in a separate place. The keys are stored in online network disks, photo albums with cloud synchronization and other online environments. If you really value your digital currency, then you should buy a hardware wallet. Your assets deserve to be protected with more professional equipment.

Please pay attention to subsequent updates. Paying attention to the blockchain currency circle (www.qkl808.com) will lead you on the road to financial freedom

㈨ It only takes ten minutes to determine a virtual currency Is it true or false? A guide for beginners in the currency circle to prevent pitfalls

Recently, too many friends have asked me whether what coin (or chain) is a true blockchain project. To be honest, I don’t want to offend. People, there is no need to lie, so here I will teach you some of the simplest judgment methods. You can judge by yourself. It takes about three steps and takes about ten minutes.

You don’t need to look at the fancy content on the homepage, just scroll to the bottom. Regular public chain projects have the following icon.

There is no kitten icon in the circle in the upper right corner. If not, they are basically fake blockchain projects. There is no need to read the next two or three steps.

Then we click on the kitten and look at the three icons in the upper right corner. If both star and fork are 0, it is basically a copycat blockchain project.

If your page looks like this, look at the numbers behind all the stars and fork icons in it.

There is a website called coinmarketcap, which is the largest virtual currency collection center in the world. Just use the Internet. Enter the search bar found in the upper right corner.

Enter your currency name (full English name or English abbreviation). For example, if we enter ABC here, there will be several prompts. We choose one to go in and see which one. If there are none, it means this currency Didn't pass the qualification review. If there is, but you are not sure, you can look at the official website address in the upper left corner of the coin and click on it to see if it is consistent with the website mentioned in the first step.

If it does not pass the qualification review, or if there is a coin with the same name but the corresponding official website address is different, it means that the coin is likely to be a fake blockchain.

Whether it is a public chain or a dapp, there will be varying degrees of open source source code. Generally speaking, public chains will be open source for desktop wallets, while dapps will be open source for smart contracts. Otherwise, it will not pass the review. The largest open source website currently is github (the icon looks like a kitten)is). Therefore, those that cannot even find the source code on the homepage are basically fake blockchain projects. This is the first step.

In order to confuse newcomers, many project developers will also make a so-called blockchain source code and put it on github, but blockchain developers can basically see it. The simplest way for beginners is to look at star and fork. The former indicates the attention of the project, and the latter indicates the number of clones of the project. If the sum of these two values ​​​​is less than 10, it basically has no technical content. Clone the project. This is the second step.

Another special note here is that there is only a mobile wallet and nothing else; or there is only a Chinese homepage but no English homepage and no open source address. Basically, it is 100% fake. Blockchain.

Here, I sincerely hope that everyone will take ten minutes to do a simple check before investing tens of thousands or hundreds of thousands.

㈩ 2018-10-02 Xiaobai learns blockchain - what is the main chain

1. What is the main chain

The main chain can be understood as An officially launched, independent blockchain network. It is a trusted blockchain network recognized by the blockchain community, and its transaction information is recognized by all members. Valid blocks will be appended to the blockchain on the main network's block ledger after consensus on the blockchain network.

2. Characteristics of the main chain

1. Compared with the test network, the main chain is an officially launched effective blockchain and an independent blockchain network. .

2. The first blockchain originally created can be called the main chain, and the blockchain of contracts and agreements can be deployed on the chain.

3. Application of main chain

The most successful application of main chain is Ethereum. Most crowdfunding projects on the market are developed based on Ethereum. Yes, its tokens are all tokens issued on Ethereum. It can be understood as: Ethereum is a computer operating system, similar to the Windows system, and the various tokens on Ethereum are equivalent to those on our computers. With various software, developers can pay Ethereum to run projects on Ethereum.