区块链与银行信用业务的关系,区块链与银行信用业务的区别

区块链技术已经成为金融行业的一个重要组成部分，它与银行信用业务有着密切的关系。本文将探讨区块链技术、信用风险和数据安全三个关键词对银行信用业务的影响。

区块链技术是一种分布式账本技术，它可以用来存储、管理和审计金融数据，具有安全性、可靠性、去中心化等特点。银行信用业务可以利用区块链技术来改善业务流程，提高业务效率，减少人工操作的错误，提升客户体验。区块链技术还可以帮助银行更好地管理信用风险，更好地进行信用审查，更好地控制信用风险。

信用风险是指银行在提供信用服务时可能面临的风险。信用风险可以分为两种：收益风险和资本风险。收益风险指的是银行可能面临的损失，因为借款人无法按照合同约定支付利息或本金；资本风险指的是银行可能面临的损失，因为借款人的资产价值低于合同约定的价值。利用区块链技术，银行可以更好地识别和控制信用风险，更准确地评估借款人的信用状况，从而更好地保护自身的资产。

数据安全是指银行信用业务中数据的安全性。区块链技术可以有效地保护银行的数据，因为区块链是一种分布式账本技术，可以在多个节点上进行数据备份，并采用加密技术来保护数据的安全性。此外，区块链技术还可以有效地防止数据被篡改，因为每一个区块都需要经过多方确认，才能被添加到区块链上。因此，利用区块链技术，银行可以更好地保护数据安全，从而更好地保护客户的信息安全。

从上文可以看出，区块链技术、信用风险和数据安全都可以改善银行信用业务，提高业务效率，减少信用风险，保护客户的数据安全，提升客户体验。因此，银行应该积极采用区块链技术，以更好地发挥区块链对银行信用业务的影响。

1. How to apply blockchain technology in international bank settlement

At present, banks mainly provide three settlement methods: remittance, collection and letter of credit in international business. . There are problems of credit and exchange rate risks, low efficiency, and high costs. In addition, banks mostly use their own credit to intervene in international settlements, which can easily form their own contingent liabilities and reduce the quality of their balance sheets. Banks should actively promote innovation in international settlement business based on blockchain technology, build a new system for international settlement business, and provide safe, stable, low-cost, and efficient international settlement business.

2. How is blockchain technology used in the banking industry?

The biggest feature of blockchain technology is decentralization, and this feature will reduce a lot of costs for the banking industry. .

First of all, decentralization means that intermediaries are no longer needed to establish a trust mechanism between banking systems, saving intermediary costs.

Secondly, the development of digital currency will make it possible to realize real-time digital transactions in banks. For example, in bill transactions, bank bill transactions have always relied on a third party to realize the transfer of valuable certificates. Even electronic bill transactions require interactive authentication through information from the central bank's ECDS system. Blockchain technology can realize point-to-point transfer of value and no longer requires centralized system control. This not only speeds up the speed of ticket transfer, but more importantly, it can reduce errors caused by human factors and reduce processes. Naturally, it will reduce the bank's demand for personnel and save the bank's labor costs.

Finally, it will also have an impact on clearing and settlement. The bank's clearing and settlement business has always been completed by central clearing, which is inefficient. Settlement through blockchain technology will greatly improve the efficiency of banks.

Blockchain technology also plays a major role in banks’ cross-border payment services. Today, when global trade is highly developed, cross-border payments are becoming more and more frequent, and banks often act as third-party services in cross-border trade, such as electronic transfers, asset custody, etc. However, cross-border payments generally take about 2 days to arrive, which is very inefficient and reduces the utilization of funds in transit. In blockchain technology, both parties of cross-border payments can be completed in a point-to-point manner, achieving round-the-clock payment and real-time arrival, thereby speeding up clearing and settlement, thereby improving the efficiency of bank processing business.

Another feature of blockchain technology is de-risking. Banks can build their own blockchain, which can ensure that bank customers’ transaction information and transaction records are true and valid and will not be compromised. Without any tampering, the bank can effectively identify the customer's information, understand all aspects of the customer's situation, identify the customer's abnormal transactions, and prevent being deceived by the customer, thus reducing the bank's supervision costs.

3. What is the relationship between blockchain technology and the financial industry

Blockchain technology has the advantages of being difficult to tamper with and easy to trace. It can be used in identity information.It plays a role in information management, trust mechanism construction, and small and micro enterprise credit information chain integration.

Here is an example of a bank in Nanping:

Due to the explosion of online business, the original offline signing method can no longer satisfy the bank. With the demand for rapid business changes, the digital construction of banks is urgent, but bank risk control departments have strict compliance requirements:

Is the online business data sensitive and private, and is the transmission safe?

Does electronic signature have legal effect?

Is electronic evidence admissible in court?

These concerns have become obstacles for banks to introduce electronic contracts and carry out digital transformation of their businesses.

After adopting the unique ENA active evidence collection patented technology of the "Real Hammer" trusted electronic evidence platform, a bank in Nanping used the notary office to clean the server to preserve and store the electronic data of the target system online in real time. With the issuance of certificates, the entire process of electronic data from generation, transmission to storage is recorded. Finally, the notary office issues an evidence collection and preservation report stamped with the official seal. The document is a notarized document and can be directly accepted by the court. Since the report is issued by the notary public office, it is relevant. Compared with the self-certification of third-party electronic contract platforms, it is more credible and solves the concerns of bank risk control departments in one fell swoop. The entire process is online and automated, and front-end customer operations are imperceptible.

At the same time, combined with the "real hammer" middle and back-end case-like system and outsourced execution services, the bank has achieved rapid dispute resolution in Internet business. It not only ensures the compliance and effectiveness of the electronic contract signing process, but also solves the problems of bank cases being scattered across the country, high legal travel costs, long litigation cycles, and no efficient disposal channels.

4. Application of blockchain in the financial field

1. Application and development of blockchain

Some Internet, Internet start-ups and traditional finance The industry has begun to try and apply blockchain in some projects

2. Domestic financial institutions are testing the waters of blockchain

Various financial institutions are testing the waters one after another, and they are basically in the conceptual experimental stage and have not yet Large-scale commercial use.

3. Panoramic view of blockchain application in the financial field

4. Ghostwriting

5. Digital bills

Bills are an important financial product in the financial market. They have dual functions of payment and financing. They are of high value and bear bank credit or commercial credit. Once a bill is issued, its face amount, date and other important information cannot be changed. billIt also has circulation attributes, and transactions such as acceptance, endorsement, discount, rediscount, and collection can be carried out within a specific life cycle. Once the transaction is completed, the transaction cannot be revoked. There are two characteristics in the circulation of bills: First, the circulation of bills mainly occurs through bank acceptance bills, and the number and circulation of commercial acceptance bills are small; second, each bank independently conducts credit granting and risk control on the bill business, and a single bank's Risk control results may affect other participants in the bill market transaction chain.

The experimental production system of the digital bill trading platform uses SDC (Smart Draft Chain) blockchain technology to protect privacy through cryptographic algorithms such as homomorphic encryption and zero-knowledge proof. The Byzantine Fault Tolerance Protocol (PBFT) performs consensus and uses a see-through mechanism to provide data monitoring.

The experimental production system includes four subsystems: stock exchange, bank, enterprise and monitoring: the stock exchange subsystem is responsible for managing the blockchain and monitoring the digital bill business; the bank subsystem has Digital bills have business functions such as acceptance and receipt, discount signing, rediscounting, and collection and repayment; the enterprise subsystem has business functions such as issuance, acceptance, endorsement, discounting, and prompt payment of digital bills; the monitoring subsystem monitors the status of the blockchain in real time and business occurrence

6.

5. How blockchain and zero-knowledge proof function in the credit system

Zero in blockchain Knowledge proof plays an important role in privacy protection, and it is no exception in the credit system. However, where in the system and in what way it plays a role is a question worth thinking about and researching.

First, credit issues cannot rely entirely on technical reliability. Government authority is sufficient for some issues, such as household registration and identity information. There is no need for further questioning on these issues.

Second, the usage scenario of blockchain evidence storage should be the scenario where there is a long quantitative chain of evidence, such as monthly and annual summary based on flow statistics to ensure that the calculation process of summary is not Fraud. The flow details are in the upstream of the evidence chain, and the time is beforehand. If you falsify upstream, you can falsify months or years in advance. The planning ability of the attacker and the cost of falsification are much higher. To a certain extent, it is economically feasible to prevent fraud.

In fact, this involves the issue of closure of domain events on the chain mentioned above. For areas where it is almost impossible, or where there is no realistic possibility of complete closure in the foreseeable future, the degree of closure is a gray level issue. If you trace it upstream along the logical chain of events and upload them to a certain level, attacks will be impossible. The attacker's attacks become considerable orExtremely difficult, blockchain applications will generate value and do not require complete closure. In this way, the value field of blockchain will break through systems that are completely closed on the chain, such as virtual currency and decentralized financial defi, and expand. This logic is not limited to the credit system, but applies to the general logic of combining blockchain and fields. To give another example, whether the traceability system can achieve the anti-counterfeiting function depends on whether the depth of the traceability in the evidence chain is enough to cause the dilemma of the counterfeiter. Without examining this point, it is only a formal use of blockchain evidence. meaningless.

So we can almost get a theorem:

The value level of blockchain in domain applications is directly proportional to the traceability depth of the evidence chain.

Then the second question that follows is: tracing back along the chain of evidence, the further upstream, the closer to the privacy of the subject (citizen privacy or organizational business secrets). The solution to this problem is where zero-knowledge proofs come into play and how they work. The application value of many zero-knowledge proofs is unclear. Now we consider it in the context of the evidence chain and it will become clear:

1. Zero-knowledge proofs are used to process quantitative evidence. During the chain traceability process, traceability is completed without revealing the clear text details of the upstream evidence chain, which not only plays the role of blockchain traceability along the evidence chain, but also protects privacy.

2. For scenarios where traceability is not necessary, the evidence chain does not exist, and the role and significance of zero-knowledge proof are also unclear. For example, for general identity and household registration information, administrative authority should be considered credible and there is no need to trace it back. Note that the evidence chain mentioned here is not a causal relationship in the physical sense, but a value trade-off through system application goals.

To summarize:

1. Use blockchain technology to retain the upstream of the evidence chain. 2. The further upstream the evidence chain is, the closer it is to citizen privacy. Use zero-knowledge proof to protect privacy

1. Refer to zkledger of MIT Media Lab and use blockchain combined with zero-knowledge proof to deal with citizens and organizations Summary reporting issues of financial and taxation processes.

2. The technical problem that needs to be solved is that in the zkledger scenario, there are only a few large transactions of a few banks, and the amount of data is small. However, when used in individual citizen scenarios, the amount of data is huge and requires Find ways to resolve performance issues.

6. How to combine blockchain and investment banking

The concept of blockchain community investment banking has been proposed by the Banca team and should be based on communityIt is a model that attracts service providers to settle in, and then uses big data analysis and artificial intelligence to match projects, service providers and investors. Improve efficiency, reduce costs, and avoid being ripped off by big organizations. I hope they can succeed!

7. What changes can blockchain technology bring to personal credit reporting?

Blockchain technology can bring a real revolution to the global personal credit reporting field.
First of all, blockchain is a decentralized credit endorsement. The unique consensus mechanism of blockchain technology allows the recording and confirmation of any transaction to be based on a consensus that everyone agrees on, without the need for a centralized organization. For example, in the aspects of endorsement by banks and governments, efficient automation of the entire process is achieved through derivation algorithm programming, automatic execution of demand matching, contract performance and breach of contract processing.
Secondly, users have the autonomy of personal credit data. In the blockchain architecture, the data generated by personal user information can be traced and cannot be tampered with after being uploaded to the chain. No institution or individual can tamper with credit reporting data. If a dispute occurs, everyone can transparently trace back the transaction through the blockchain browser.
Finally, blockchain can build a healthy personal credit and financial relationship system. The essence of blockchain technology is to solve the trust relationship. Focusing on personal credit data, the core elements of the blockchain can be visualized, such as smart contracts and timestamps. Big data can be used to conduct credit ratings and manage credit risks, thereby establishing a Good personal credit ecology.
Blockchain and personal credit reporting are quite consistent both genetically and technically.
The Trust Union credit alliance chain is based on such technical characteristics and is working hard to build a personal credit and financial relationship alliance public chain, hoping to truly realize the effective management of personal credit assets around the world.

8. What is blockchain + credit reporting?

my country’s credit reporting industry is mainly based on corporate credit reporting. Personal credit reporting needs to be developed, and the overall market prospect is broad. my country's corporate credit reporting developed earlier and the market is relatively mature. By the end of 2016, there were approximately 137 corporate credit reporting agencies in my country that had completed registration. Personal credit reporting has not yet been market-oriented, and licenses have not yet been issued. Tencent Credit Reporting, Zhima Credit Reporting, Qianhai Credit Reporting, Lakala Credit Reporting, Zhongzhicheng Credit Reporting, China Chengxin Credit Reporting, Pengyuan Credit Reporting and Huadao Credit Reporting Eight other units participated in the personal credit investigation pilot organized by the central bank. Private personal credit reporting agencies can indirectly participate in the personal credit reporting market by cooperating with banks and other financial institutions, but they cannot directly issue personal credit reporting reports. Personal credit reporting reports can only be obtained through the central bank's credit reporting system. As of the end of June 2016, the Central Bank's Credit Reference Center had included 21.2 million companies and other organizations and more than 900 million natural persons, of which only 5.77 million households and 410 million natural persons had credit records. The data of global credit giant Experian has covered 103 million companies and 890 million people around the world. Comparing the market demand and the scale of the credit reporting market in the United States, my country’s credit reporting market has huge room for future development.big.

The emergence of blockchain technology has become a good medicine to solve the pain points of the credit reporting industry. Through the characteristics of true transparency and non-tampering, blockchain technology can solve the problems of trust and data sharing between credit reporting agencies, thereby solving problems such as data islands and incomplete data. By establishing a consortium chain, first of all, the problem of data confirmation can be solved be completely resolved. In a consortium chain system, relevant units in the chain such as credit reporting agencies, users, government departments, and financial institutions can all join in, and different access permissions can be designed to ensure data ownership while opening up information sharing and It can protect data security from being stolen and leaked.

On this basis, the channels for credit reporting agencies to obtain data have been greatly broadened, which can save the cost of data collection; at the same time, collaboration between different agencies has become smoother, reducing collaboration costs and communication costs. Credit reporting agencies can invest the various costs saved in other links to improve the overall quality of products.

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9. What is blockchain technology and what impact does it have on the banking industry

Blockchain is a technology that can completely change the underlying design of the financial system because it can realize all markets Participants have undifferentiated records of ownership and transaction records of all assets in the market, so the intermediate links of liquidation and custody that confirm ownership before, during and after transactions can be completely eliminated; in addition, blockchain, as an electronic information record, Computer algorithms can be used to automate transactions, that is, smart contracts. Blockchain has many derivative applications combined with other financial technologies, each of which can replace a type of market intermediary. Blockchain is to financial services what TCP/IP is to the Internet: once the underlying standards are recognized and popularized, specific applications like Bitcoin and R3 will appear in every corner of financial services. Bitcoin uses blockchain technology to query and record. For example, if I register an account at Haobtc and then transfer money, I need to go to the block browser in the account to query or go to the BTC block. The browser can query the status, so that blockchain technology can help me solve the problem of daily transfer currency query.