生物区块链定义ptf,区块链生态链

生物区块链（Bio-Blockchain）是一种基于区块链技术的新型生物信息存储和管理技术，它可以将生物信息转换为可以被区块链技术支持的数据格式，从而实现生物信息的安全存储和有效管理。

第一个关键词：区块链技术。区块链技术是一种新型的数据存储和管理技术，它可以将数据加密并存储在网络中的多个节点，通过一致性算法保证数据的安全性和可靠性。区块链技术可以用来存储和管理各种数据，包括金融数据、健康数据、物联网数据等，而生物区块链则是将区块链技术应用于生物信息的一种新型技术。

第二个关键词：数据安全性。生物区块链技术可以有效提高生物信息的安全性，因为它可以将生物信息加密并存储在多个节点上，并采用一致性算法对数据进行安全校验，从而有效防止数据的修改和篡改。此外，生物区块链还可以提供更多的安全功能，如智能合约、多签名验证等，以更好地保护生物信息。

第三个关键词：生物信息管理。生物区块链技术可以极大地提高生物信息的管理效率，因为它可以将生物信息转换为可以被区块链技术支持的数据格式，从而实现生物信息的安全存储和有效管理。此外，生物区块链还可以提供更多的管理功能，如数据分析、数据共享和数据交易等，以更好地管理生物信息。

生物区块链定义了一种新的生物信息存储和管理技术，它可以有效地提高生物信息的安全性和管理效率，为生物信息的安全存储和有效管理提供了可靠的保障。生物区块链技术的发展将为医疗信息安全、健康信息共享、精准医疗等领域带来重大突破，为构建基于生物区块链的生物信息网络奠定了坚实的基础。

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⑴ Stem cells join hands with blockchain projects - IFC currency is launched, Life Bank·Yang Fan sets sail

From the reform and opening up at the end of the 20th century, the Chinese stock market, to the early 21st century The Internet, and now big data, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence, all demonstrate the tremendous changes and opportunities that the trends of the times have brought to mankind. And under today's general trend, there are also the most promising technologies in the 21st century-blockchain technology and stem cell technology.

Blockchain technology has its unique underlying technical characteristics: decentralization, openness and transparency, smart contracts and other advantages. While stem cell technology and market size are booming, medical information is tightly shielded. , repeated testing, low utilization efficiency of medical resources, lack of unified standards and other shortcomings that need to be solved urgently. The level of industry entities is uneven and there is a lack of effective popularization plans. Problems such as lack of trust have led to the current stem cell ecology on the market being in chaos
< br />IFC (Life Bank Coin) was born for this. IFC is a team composed of high-end researchers, professional medical professionals, dedicated investors and innovative engineers, working together to create a unique platform. IFC is a basic chain that relies on blockchain technology to solve the problem of stem cell traceability as an important application scenario. IFC will eventually become a blockchain platform that provides underlying development services such as Google Android and Apple IOS, supporting the expansion of DApps. Develop and operate efficiently, and build a blockchain-based application ecosystem. IFC will carry out continuous technological innovation to solve the TPS problem that restricts the performance of the public chain, improve the efficiency of high-concurrency applications running on the chain, and establish a perfect decentralized economic system

In addition to the existing professional talents, IFC Beyond that, we expand our relationships with professionals, laboratories, hospitals and non-profit organizations around the world to further this research and development. Our ultimate goal is to enable people in need to quickly find professionals and teams who can provide them with personalized solutions on the IFC platform.

The maturity of stem cell technology is only a matter of time. Can you imagine that everyone in the world, no matter where they are, can contact a doctor immediately? IFC can do it, we are building And the United Global Stem Cell Bank allows users to conduct transactions at any corner of the world and at any time, and unites all stem cell banks around the world to use IFC coins for transaction payments. More importantly, the sharing of this information will bring unlimited possibilities.

Our vision is to provide users with a secure storage solution for their medical data, and allow these users to control their individual stem cell records. Data related to users’ stem cell needs will be stored on the IFC blockchain , these data will also be stored in ourWithin the application, by accessing our application, users can not only share, but also limit whether the information can be viewed by doctors and medical institutions. In addition, users can also view personal stem cells and access records to facilitate treatment or consultation.

So far, IFC's research areas include orthopedics, neurological and pulmonary diseases, as well as the application of cancer stem cells and "practical" mesenchymal stem cells. While IFC research has led to significant advances in these areas of medicine, there is still a critical need for further research and development into a variety of medical conditions that affect millions of people around the world. As a leader in stem cell research, the IFC team plans to continue organizing and participating in more case studies to collect data for advancing this innovative field.

Based on our research, we have been able to identify numerous applications for stem cell therapy including treatment of bone marrow transplants, stroke, traumatic brain injury, learning disabilities, Alzheimer's disease, missing teeth, wound healing, spinal cord injury, Baldness, blindness, deafness, diabetes, Crohn's disease, many forms of cancer, and many other diseases, and achieved great results. While advances have been made in stem cell research before, the introduction of blockchain technology means more people can have access to these potentially life-changing treatments – effectively changing the face of the medical world.

The IFC, together with its affiliated institutions, continues to closely monitor the development of stem cell therapies in various medical communities around the world. IFC will create an online community to share important information from the research and contributions of stem cell professionals on multiple social platforms. IFC's online community provides access to videos, blogs and articles about stem cell research that educate, inform, engage and aim to increase awareness of the stem cell field among professionals, patients and investors.

IFC will be the world’s first application platform that uses blockchain technology and characteristics to solve industry stem cell problems. It is a stem cell bioengineering + health management digital economic value circulation platform based on blockchain technology. It relies on the industry's top biomedical science resources to reshape the stem cell-related market and industry system structure with the concepts of decentralization, fairness and transparency. The three major solutions of stem cell value circulation medium, community consensus and smart contract can improve the quality of life and life cycle of users in the global stem cell field and provide high-quality health management solutions.

IFC combines blockchain, the most important underlying technology in the future, with stem cells, the most important social technology in the future, which can release great commercial and social value and application scenarios. There is no limit to your imagination. From stem cell collection to storage, from research and development to application, IFC is deeply involved and masters the core technology. IFC adheres to the mission of promoting the healthy development of our country and is committed to serving the national people's livelihood and improving the overall health of the people.Class Health and move forward with determination. New opportunities, new challenges, big times, big changes! IFC is facing the future and is already ready! Life Bank, set sail!

⑵ What is the relationship between smart contracts and biological information in blockchain technology

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Jinwowo Network analyzes the relationship between the two as follows:
Blockchain itself is a technology. This technology itself has no problems and can solve many problems. The application scenarios are rich and wide. One of the applications is smart contracts, which put the characteristics of biometric information into them, which will solve the problem of trust between people.
But now I feel that blockchain is over-hyped. The technology itself is not bad, but we should not use the name of technology and gimmicks to promote blockchain. Instead, we should promote blockchain based on specific application scenarios.

⑶ New scientific discoveries reveal the surprising similarity between blockchain and DNA

Some scientists realize that computers are another form of life. Among them, blockchain technology is like DNA, which forms the basis of human life. A recently published study reveals striking parallels between computers and living things—life in general.

This research combines theory, observational data and conceptual models for analysis, and summarizes some basic elements that define "life". It is found that blockchain technology meets these elements. We observe that blockchain There are many similarities in function and structure between strands and DNA in organisms.

Blockchain is a structure that can only continuously add data. It is composed of many sub-units called "blocks" that are permanently connected together through encryption algorithms. From a practical application level, the blockchain is a permanent medium that stores a set of instructions in the form of computer code for replicating a large number of node copies. This is the same function as DNA in cells.

DNA is like the blueprint of a cell. The process of cell reproduction must follow the instructions stored in the DNA to copy the same new cell.

This study proposes that systems built on the basis of blockchain meet many conditions for the definition of "life", such as response to the environment, growth and change, replication, self-restraint, etc.

Research continues to look forward to rapidly developing systems, such as artificial neural networks (ANNs, systems that simulate the human brain) and artificial intelligence systems, which are more like "creatures" that can operate independently.

The study mentioned that compared with living organisms, these systems have many advantages, such as the ability to selectively pass their characteristics to the next generation, fast action, high accuracy, and can be said to have The ability to "eternal life". Distributed virtual machines (dVM) based on blockchain have the ability to plan how they want to evolve..

Researchers say that since the blockchain is like DNA and the neural network based on artificial intelligence is like the brain, once the two are combined in the future, what kind of life will be created!

What did scientists discover that shocked the world? Uncovering the "longest-lived" four-quark particle to date

What did scientists discover? Revealing the inherent characteristics of space-time of electromagnetic fields

What important value have scientists recently discovered? The latest estimate of the age of the universe is released

Scientists have discovered the frequent occurrence of mysterious fast radio bursts. What is the reason?

What did scientists discover? Brain neuron map is released, brain surgery will open up a new world

What did scientists unexpectedly discover? Why do so many different new stars appear in distant galaxies?

Scientists have discovered a new pterosaur fossil with a wingspan of seven meters in Australia.

What is the major discovery? Scientists study that the shape of the universe may be donut-shaped

⑷ Explain blockchain in one sentence, but why can’t you understand it?

Blockchain, this concept is extremely popular now, almost everywhere Everybody is talking about it, almost everyone is talking about it. However, it seems that not many people really understand.

You must have seen articles like this on the Internet: "Tell you what blockchain is in X minutes", "Explain blockchain in X pictures", etc., but after reading it, you still think In the fog.

You must have heard someone explain blockchain in one sentence: Blockchain is a distributed ledger.

It’s indeed a sentence, but I know you still didn’t understand it.

You don’t understand what “distributed” is, let alone what “distributed ledger” is. What’s especially confusing is: isn’t it just a ledger? How come it has become a technology that will change the world? ?

Since you don’t understand this explanation, let me try to explain the blockchain from another angle.

Of course, it’s also a sentence.

Let us think about it carefully. No matter how mysterious blockchain technology is, it is just a tool. As long as it is a tool, it is used to solve certain problems.

From this perspective, blockchain technology is no different from the hammer in your home: the hammer is a tool, and the problem to be solved is the nail on the wall.

If a tool is difficult to explain "what it is", then ask another question: What does it solve? Could answering this new question help us finally understand this tool?

For example:

Epacadostater is an extremely complex molecular compound that represents the highest technological achievement in the field of biomedicine today. If you talk about the definition, it is almost impossible for you to explain to a layman what it is; but starting from the problem it solves, this magical drug can be explained clearly in one sentence: It is a specific drug for the treatment of AIDS.

This time, I know you must understand. Not because you understand the definition of Epacadostater, but because you understand the problem it solves: AIDS.

Therefore, this way of thinking is completely feasible by understanding the problem to understand the tool.

So, what problem does the blockchain want to solve?

A simple explanation in one sentence: Blockchain technology is an effective solution to the double-spend problem.

Okay, I admit I lied to you, but you still don’t understand. But don't hit me yet, we are actually very close.

Look at these two sentences:

The key to these two sentences is: you understand AIDS, but you don’t understand the "double spend" problem. It is precisely because of this The difference in cognition means that you can understand the first sentence but not the second sentence.

Therefore, understanding the double-spending problem is the key to understanding the blockchain!

Let’s explain what the “double-spending” problem is, although it is not in one sentence. But it’s not difficult to understand.

Starting from WeChat, which we use daily, you must be familiar with the following two scenarios:

On the surface, the two scenarios seem to be similar, but in fact But there is a huge difference!

When you send photos to others, the photos are still there, but the money is gone. Why?

Maybe you think you should So: If money still existed, wouldn’t everyone have money to spend (a dream come true)!

No, the reason behind this is not ordinary at all. Let me explain why.< br />
Now, each of us has to face two different worlds at the same time: a physical real world and a virtual online world (mobile phones, computers, the Internet, etc.). The former is composed of atoms and molecules. , and the component element of the latter is "number". Let me call the second world the "digital world"

The "digital world" is one of mankind's greatest inventions. Many of them are in reality. Tasks that are difficult to accomplish in the world can be easily accomplished in the "digital world".

For example, in the real world, you have a paper photo, you want to share it with your distant friends, and you also want to keep a copy for yourself. To do this, you need to go to a photo studio to make copies and then mail them to the post office. Not to mention the trouble, it takes time.

In the digital world, all you need is a tap on your phone, and in an instant, your distant friend will receive the photo. very convenient.

Why is it so convenient?

In the real world, molecules and atoms are not easy to copy, and there is no way to transmit them at high speed. In the digital world, numbers are extremely easy to copy and can be transmitted at high speed (in fact, you can By sending a photo, you are sending a copy of the photo, and copying is a natural thing in the digital world).

Relying on this characteristic, the digital world provides convenience far beyond the real world and has greatly changed our lives.

However, people find that this convenience encounters a huge difficulty: how to transmit "money" in the digital world?

In the real world, if you give 100 yuan in cash to your friend, you will naturally have 100 yuan less cash in your pocket, and your friend will naturally have 100 yuan more cash in his pocket. This kind of physical operation does not require the intervention of others.

However, in the digital world, the components of everything are numbers. There is no difference between 100 yuan (or other valuable things) and photos, they are all numbers. Numbers can be easily copied and transmitted.

But you obviously cannot transfer money by transferring photos (copying digital copies). If the photos are transferred, you can keep an original copy, but if the money is transferred, your money cannot be kept.

In other words, in the digital world, you can have countless copies of your photos, but you can only have one copy of your "money". When "money" circulates between different owners, it must be its "real person", which just changes the owner, unlike photos that can have multiple "doppelgangers".

Because this "uniqueness" is inconsistent with the nature of the digital world, additional mechanisms must be in place to ensure this. Otherwise, once the money can be copied, you can first transfer 100 yuan to one person, and then transfer the copy to other people. This is equivalent to a 100 yuan being spent twice. This is the so-called "double spending problem". )".

To sum up, although the "double spending" problem can make everyone have more money to spend, the modern financial system absolutely cannot accept this.

How to solve it? You are familiar with the previous solution, which is the bank. The bank is responsible for recording the owner of each money.

The bank will give everyone an account. When youAfter the transaction is completed, the bank will do the following: record that there is a loss of 100 yuan in your account, and record that there is an increase of 100 yuan in your friend's account. The 100 yuan has only changed the owner and has not been copied. Here the bank acts as a trusted intermediary.

But the banking system has various problems:

It is slow. It may take several days to transfer a sum of money. This is not the efficiency that the digital world should have.

Risk: Banks are vulnerable to hacker attacks.

Expensive, high handling fees, you know.

For these reasons, we don’t want banks to be the “intermediaries”. Is there any other way to solve the double-spending problem mentioned above without any intermediary?

For a long time, the answer was no.

There is no way to solve the double-spending problem in a digital world without banks. Until one day, a genius came up with blockchain technology, and everything changed from then on!

Blockchain technology is an effective solution to the double-spending problem. It allows humans to fully enjoy the advantages of the digital world in transactions for the first time, which is fast, safe, reliable and cheap. With blockchain technology, you can transfer money to friends just like sending photos, and more importantly, there is no bank in the whole process!

Perfect!

The following is a summary of this article:

1. Don’t understand blockchain from its definition, but start with the problems it solves.

2. The real world is composed of molecules and atoms, which are not easy to copy and transmit.

3. Everything in the digital world is composed of numbers, which solves the problem of difficulty in copying and transmitting in the real world, but brings new double-spending problems.

4. Building a bank-centered network can solve the double-spend problem in the digital world, but it also brings other problems: low efficiency, high cost, poor security, etc.

5. Blockchain technology solves the above problems. The explanation in one sentence is: Blockchain is a tool that can solve the double-spend problem in the decentralized digital world.

I hope after reading this, you can understand what the blockchain does by understanding the "double spend" problem. As for how the blockchain works specifically, I will introduce it to you in a subsequent article.

Finally, I made up Epacadostater, there is no such thing.

⑸ A hundred schools of thought contend | Cai Dong: The "Truman Show" hidden under blockchain technology

Discussions about the application of blockchain have frequently appeared in the public eye. However, when the technology itself is mature enough, what will happen if one day blockchain is truly used in all aspects of life? Imagine that one day, human beings’ entire lives from birth will be recorded on the chain. Will the life on the chain be a beautiful credit society like "Peachland World" or will it be like the movie "The Truman Show" that records life without distinction between right and wrong, making people want to escape?

In this issue of People's Digital FINTECH Hundreds of Controversies column, Mr. Cai Dong, Chief Information Officer of McDonald's (China) Co., Ltd., was invited to talk about whether we will inevitably become a movie from the perspective of blockchain technology maturity and application. Like Truman in the movie, he lives in the anxiety of being "surveilled" by the whole world all the time.

The 1998 movie "The Truman Show" tells the story of an ordinary little man who, without knowing it, The story of a man who was made into a famous TV star, but was completely deprived of his freedom, privacy and even dignity while the whole world watched him every moment, and became a victim of the mass entertainment industry. In the era of digital economy, Truman’s world is hidden in the technical characteristics of blockchain: decentralization (many viewers), openness and transparency (truth is revealed), and non-tampering (cannot be hidden), which sometimes reveals disturbing features. appearance. In the process of application, will such technology have a huge and irreversible impact on social concepts and personal life? Are we inevitably going to be Truman?

Blockchain technology is considered to be the next generation of disruptive core technology after steam engines, electricity, and the Internet. Since blockchain technology has the characteristics of decentralization, openness and transparency, and full traceability, it can be used to build an encrypted database that is shared by multiple parties, active in multiple places, cannot be tampered with, and has strict timing. Many people in the industry are optimistic about its development and believe that it will It is an upgrade and supplement to existing Internet technology and is expected to become the cornerstone of the digital economy era. However, from the perspective of practical progress, the difficulty of blockchain technology in the implementation process and its impact on current concepts, regulations and social systems have gradually revealed the hidden problems behind it.

I have returned to China since the end of 2015 and have carried out a very grand practice of digital transformation of physical business in Wanda Group, and I have a lot of emotions. First of all, we believe that blockchain technology itself is not yet mature, so we have participated in various standardization organizations and important international open source projects, and have conducted a lot of basic ecological cultivation and open source research and development work. For example, in 2016 and 2018, under the leadership of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, we compiled a blockchain white paper on the development of the blockchain technology industry with other leading enterprises, which can provide a relatively complete guide for enterprises on how to adopt blockchain technology according to local conditions, and help government agencies to judge and formulate regional Blockchain empowerment preferential policies.

From a technical level, although the blockchain has the technical ability to record data and cannot be tampered with, copied or deleted, when applied to real life scenarios, it A key problem must be solved: How to turn "atoms" in real-life scenarios into "bits" and then put them on the chain? If the authenticity of the data itself is doubtful, or even maliciously falsified by data observers, not only is it meaningless to put it on the blockchain, but its non-deletable nature will also produce meaningless occupation and even negative effects. For now, there is no universal standard for mapping the physical world and the digital world. Although physical businesses have long begun to use IoT technology to digitize the physical world and have achieved many benefits of digital transformation, there is also a lot of IoT data. example on the chain, but this is not enough. Blockchain technology, whether it is the premise of uploading the data itself or the hash value, is the core technical bottleneck of data completeness and system massive processing performance, which has led to no large-scale application so far.

From a social perspective, the decentralization, self-management, and collective maintenance characteristics of blockchain technology are bound to subvert people’s production and lifestyle and dilute the concepts of state and supervision. , impacting current legal arrangements. For these, the entire world completely lacks theoretical preparation and institutional discussion. Even for Bitcoin, the most mature blockchain application, different countries have different attitudes, which inevitably hinders the application and development of blockchain technology. For another example, the openness and transparency brought by blockchain technology can prevent some middlemen from making profit in the entertainment market and bring benefits to consumers of cultural products. It can also make copyright information open and transparent and stimulate active creation in the entire entertainment industry. , produce high-quality content, but it is difficult for users to change their habit of listening to music on centralized platforms in a short period of time. Vested interests in these fields will also be "taken away from the cake". For example, the traditional ticketing market will be challenged. , and may also lead to strong backlash from large companies.

In addition, the threats to personal privacy data that may be brought about by blockchain technology during its application are also worrying. As the digital economy develops in full swing and data is increasingly recognized as a factor of economic production, user data ownership has been repeatedly violated and privacy leaked. Giant Internet companies have gradually become data oligarchs, leading to global conflicts over data ownership and privacy protection. Intensifying. The reasonable use of user access, consumption and other behavioral data and user privacy data is an important challenge for modern civilization. It is not only a technical challenge, but also an ethical and compliance challenge. For example, if blockchain technology is applied to the field of biological big data and users' genetic sequencing data are uploaded to the chain, how can the sequencing data of many users be reasonably and legally used in the field of scientific research to reveal the mechanisms of diseases? Benefit future generations of mankind, and how to prevent users’ genetic disease and cancer risk information from being leaked by others, which will harm usersHave a fatal impact on personal emotional life and social evaluation? The implementation of blockchain technology in the future will inevitably involve choices about the fields it enters, as well as weighing moral and ethical issues.

We can foresee that in the future, more and more things and behaviors will be digitized through data on-chain, and then Be capitalized, but the original ownership of the data is always with the data owner, who is the owner of the data. While enjoying the online value-added circulation of the digital economy, it can also bring people more diverse economic activities in the real economy. But think about this kind of life, do you want to escape?

The theme of the next issue is "The World War of Digital Currency"

Viewpoint 1: Will digital currency rebuild the future monetary system?

Opinion 2: "Suppress the bandits" before the war, the encirclement and suppression of the currency circle is imminent

Who will be invited to debate in the next issue? Stay tuned! Readers are welcome to actively contribute articles to participate in the discussion. Please leave a message in the backstage of the official account or submit articles to [email protected]. Selected content will be announced in the next issue.

⑹ What are the functions and characteristics of blockchain

Blockchain is starting a revolution in currency. Blockchain should be liquidity with bit characteristics, rather than currency characteristics.
According to the Radcliffe Report, "Only liquidity is the transmission mechanism through which monetary policy affects the economy." People's spending is not limited by the amount of money available, but only by the amount of money people expect they can get. Relevantly, these currencies may be obtained as income, obtained by selling assets, or borrowed. The blockchain marks value through tokens. All assets can be expressed on the blockchain very simply, and the structure and marginal cost of asset exchanges tend to be zero. The Technology Research Department of Maoqiu Technology believes that this is one of the core technologies of the blockchain, and what it brings is an explosion of liquidity in a zero marginal cost scenario.
Only liquidity is the transmission mechanism of blockchain value
The liquidity of currency generally refers to the ability of currency to be quickly realized without losses during circulation. As the informatization process intensifies, currency is required to be more simple and fast in transactions. The current liquidity of paper money is far lower than that of electronic money.
In the era of Internet finance, "liquidity" can be completely explained as "the flow of information that transcends the value expressed in the form of banknotes."
We all know that the central bank system cannot survive without controlling the flow of information behind value. Because the essence of the central bank's monetary policy is to control the flow of value information, or simply to deny the "information flow." This is one of the reasons why inflation has increased over the past few years.
The reason why electronic money is gradually becoming more popular than paper moneyThe dynamic characteristic is that before the Internet flourished, the value of banknotes was because it could provide higher value than information flows such as gold and silver. Therefore, the essence of electronic currency is direct value exchange, and the form carrier is information exchanged through digital signals through the network. This is completely consistent with the characteristics of "liquidity".
Although there was no way to know the situation of blockchain in the last century, based on liquidity analysis, the future value characteristics of currency can still be accurately grasped. Now when it comes to blockchain, most people talk about its technical aspects and rarely touch on its value content.
However, if the central banks' "quantitative easing" is tracked by the blockchain to the flow of benefits, the technology will immediately "reveal" as benefits.
Is the blockchain the general equivalent of distributed, or distributed? Specific use value
Blockchain can record and measure the monetary flow facts of transactions in a distributed manner. In a distributed transaction recording system based on blockchain technology, each node becomes an independent product consumer, and each subject Equal and decentralized decision-making, all transactions are public, transaction nodes can be anonymous, ensuring the security of node accounts, decentralized management does not require a central server, avoiding expensive operation and maintenance costs, and reducing costs.
Although the blockchain is similar in form to currency Than, it is decentralized, but the liquidity it handles is still based on general equivalents.
We all know that the emergence of blockchain is based on the increasingly serious centralization problem. From the perspective of general equivalent theory, the general equivalent It appears because the equivalents in the existing value form cannot meet the growing exchange needs, so a new equivalent is needed to make up for the shortcomings of the existing equivalents.
French biologist Jacques Monod published " "Inevitability and Contingency" mentioned: There is inevitability in the development of things. The reason why the blockchain is designed as a liquidity account book of general equivalents is self-evident. Of course, according to Jiang Qiping, Information Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, " From the perspective of "Blockchain and Monetary Philosophy", blockchain is now just a distributed system designed as a general equivalent. If the characteristics of general equivalents no longer play the leading role in the future, then future liquidity will need to be utilized, used, and serviced. Therefore, the Maoqiu Technology Research Department believes that the future blockchain should not only reflect distribution in technology, but also should be reflected in specific value applications.
Heidegger in his masterpiece "Existence" and Time" put forward the philosophical concept: Dasein. It is best used to describe the blockchain here, that is, God will not be willing to be a accounting method, he will live in the present and the purpose of Dasein. Meaning, block If the chain wants to develop for a long time, it must develop a function of situational use, as a being of existence, rather than a flash in the pan.
If the blockchain is no longer a general equivalent, how to treat liquidity
From Jiang Qiping’s perspective on liquidity, shells, currency, and blockchain are different carriers of liquidity in different historical periods and under different value logics. Currency, as liquidity, ignores the use of valueCharacteristics, this kind of usage characteristics are always specific, local and current, so they can only be distributed.
The Technology Research Department of Maoqiu Technology believes that when blockchain captures the distributed characteristics of liquidity, although it will be used as a ledger of general equivalents in the early days, it will eventually have to be modified. Negation of negation develops a valuation function corresponding to services.

⑺ "Hive Mind", the first principle of the blockchain era

The artificial world, just like the natural world, will soon have autonomy, adaptability and creativity , and subsequently lose our control. But in my opinion, this is the most wonderful ending.

——"Out of Control"

"Hive Mind" comes from Kevin Kelly's "Out of Control" (1994). Simply put, "Hive Mind" is "Group Thinking". In the colony structure of bees, each individual in the hive has its own division of labor and spontaneously maintains the entire hive. The hive is like a whole, bringing together the thinking of each individual. Kevin Kelly uses the hive mind as a metaphor for the wisdom of groups brought about by human collaboration.

1. The "hive mind" of the bee swarm

Where is the "soul of the swarm"? As early as 1901, the Belgian writer Maurice Maeterlinck asked: Who rules it, who issues orders, who foresees the future...?

Now we have established that the ruler is not the queen. When a swarm of bees pours out of the narrow opening at the front of the hive, the queen can only follow. The queen's daughter is responsible for choosing when and where the colony should settle. Five or six nameless worker bees are scouting ahead, checking tree holes and wall holes where the hive may be placed. When they return, they report to the resting swarm with an agreed-upon dance. In the report, the more exaggerated the scout's dance, the better the location she advocated. Next, some of the ringleaders check out several alternative locations based on the intensity of the dance, and sign off by joining the scouts in their twirling dance. This leads more followers to inspect the prevailing candidate site, and upon their return join the noisy dance of like-minded scouts to express their choice.

With the exception of scouts, few bees explore multiple locations. Bees see a message: "Go over there, that's a good place." They go there, come back and dance and say, "Yes, that's a good place." Through this repeated emphasis, the desired location attracts more people. Visitors, and more visitors joined in. According to the law of increasing returns, the more votes you get, the less opposition you get. Gradually, a large group dance formed in a snowball manner and became the master of the final chapter of the dance. The largest colony wins.

This is an election hall owned by idiots, enjoyed by idiots, and governed by idiots, but the effect it produced is extremely astonishing. This is the essence of a democratic system, a thoroughly distributed management. At the end of the song, according to the people's choice, the swarm, carrying the queen and the thunderous buzz, moves towards the goal determined through group selection. This is a mob of 20,000Combined into a whole, it has the same approach as Bitcoin.

2. The "hive mind" of ants

Ant colonies that move from one settlement to another will exhibit a "Kafkaesque nightmare" of emergence control effect. You will see that when a group of ants are dragging eggs, larvae and pupae with their mouths and heading west from the camp, another group of eager worker ants are turning around and heading east at the same speed, dragging those belongings. At the same time, some ants, perhaps aware of the confusion and conflict of signals, were running around with their hands empty, eastward and westward. Just a typical office scene.

However, despite this, the entire colony was successfully transferred. Without any explicit decisions from above, the colony selects a new location, signals the workers to start building a nest, and then begins to manage itself.

3. The "hive mind" of a flock of birds

A flock of birds is not just one huge bird. Science reporter James Gleick writes: “The movement of a single bird or a fish, no matter how smooth, can give us the density of starlings swirling above a cornfield or the swarm of millions of flatheads. The shock of formation. High-speed movies (of birds scurrying away from predators) show that the turning motion is transmitted in a wave-like manner from one bird to another in about one-seventieth of a second. A bird. Much faster than a single bird." A flock is far from a simple aggregation of birds.

4. Algorithm-generated crowd intelligence

There is a scene in "Batman Returns" where a swarm of large black bats swarm through a flooded tunnel toward the center of New York City. These bats are computer generated. The animator first makes a bat and gives it a certain amount of space so that it can flap its wings automatically; then it replicates dozens of bats until it forms a swarm. Then let each bat fly around the screen alone, but following a few simple rules built into the algorithm: don't bump into other bats, keep up with the bat next to you, and don't stray too far from the line. When these "algorithmic bats" run on the screen, they swarm like real bats.

5. Emergence - Invisible Hand

The magic of "hive mind" is that no bee is controlling it, but there is an invisible hand, from A hand emerges from a large number of dull members to control the entire group. Its magic lies in the fact that quantitative changes lead to qualitative changes. To transition from a single bug organism to a swarm organism, you only need to increase the number of bugs so that a large number of bugs gather together so that they can communicate with each other. At a certain stage, when the complexity reaches a certain level, "clusters" will emerge from the "bugs".

Wheeler, a pioneer in ant research, believed that the superorganism formed by the colony was"Emerge" from a mass gathering of common insect organisms. He pointed out that this emergence is a science, a technical and rational explanation, not mysticism or alchemy.

Emergence is a very common natural phenomenon. The concept of emergence represents a different type of causal relationship. Here, 2+2 is not equal to 4, and it cannot even be equal to 5 accidentally. In the logic of emergence, 2+2=apples. When listening to Bach, all the "Bach scent" that fills our bodies and minds is a poetic picture of how meaningful patterns emerge from notes and other information.

The fastest, most direct, and only reliable way to gain insight into the emergent structure contained in a system is to run it. For that matter, what is latent in human individuals that does not emerge unless all are connected through interpersonal communication or political governance? There must be something most unexpected brewing in this hive-like bionic supermind. Here's a universal rule about living systems: lower-level existence cannot deduce higher-level complexity.

Computer scientists are increasingly aware that hive mind and distributed problems are one and the same, that they are both patterns that emerge from a large collection of interconnected parts.

6. From quantitative change to qualitative change

The emergence of things mostly depends on a certain number of individuals, a group, a collective, a gang, or more. When you remove the plug from a tank full of water, the water will start to stir and form a vortex. The vortex developed into a vortex, growing like a living thing. After a while, the vortex expanded from the water surface to the bottom of the tank, driving the entire water in the tank. The ever-changing waterfall of water molecules rotates in the tornado, changing the shape of the vortex all the time.

No matter when we pull the plug, the vortex will always appear. A vortex is an emergent thing—like a swarm, its energy and structure lie in the energy and properties of the group rather than the individual water molecules. Like everything that emerges, a vortex derives its properties from the coexistence of a large number of other entities. A drop of water is not enough to manifest a vortex, and a handful of sand is not enough to trigger the collapse of a dune.

Quantity can make a substantial difference. A single grain of sand cannot cause a dune to collapse, but once enough sand accumulates, a dune will appear, which in turn can trigger a sand avalanche. Some physical properties, such as temperature, also depend on the collective behavior of molecules. When the degree of connectivity is high and the number of members is large, the dynamic characteristics of group behavior arise—quantitative changes lead to qualitative changes.

7. Blockchain: Icon of the 21st Century

The atom is the icon of 20th century science. Atoms symbolize the simple power represented by simplicity and represent Newton's mechanistic worldview. Whether it is science or management, they all follow a top-down hierarchical structure. A Zen-like thought: Atoms are in the past and belong to the next century.The symbol of science is the dynamic network.

The network icon has no center - it is a large group of connected dots, a web of intertwined arrows that point to each other. In his masterpiece "The Origin of Species", Darwin discussed how species emerge from individuals. The self-interests of these individuals are conflicting yet interrelated. When he was trying to find an illustration to end the book with, he chose Tangled Web.

Networks are the only organizational form capable of developing without bias or learning without guidance. All other topologies limit what is possible. The topology of the group is diverse, but only a huge network structure can accommodate the true diversity of forms.

The network is a symbol of the group, and the resulting group organization - a distributed system - spreads itself throughout the network so that no one part can say, "I am who I am." Countless individual thoughts come together to form an irreversible sociality. What it expresses includes both the logic of computers and the logic of nature, thus demonstrating a power beyond the ability to understand. Hidden within the network is a mysterious invisible hand—a control without authoritative presence. Atoms represent simplicity and clarity, while networks convey the power of chaos born of complexity.

In 1962, the first influential paper "Distributed Communication Networks" announced the birth of the network. In the following decades, the network developed tremendously and developed into the Internet with a walled garden. Walled gardens were discovered not to be fortresses but more like prisons.

Blockchain came into being at this time, and Bitcoin broke through the wall for the first time after the 2008 financial crisis, creating a new world. After nearly ten years of development, it has rapidly developed into an emerging industry worth US$334.2 billion. Blockchain is based on P2P network and integrates cryptography, probability theory, computer science, behavioral economics, sociology and other disciplines. It relies on group wisdom and emergent models to form a distributed, decentralized, collaborative and adaptable system. network of. Blockchain will set off a revolution where hive-like groups are the protagonists.

8. Mathematics principles in Darwin’s era

The most unacceptable part of Darwin’s theory of natural selection is its inevitability. The conditions for natural selection are very special, but once these conditions are met, natural selection will inevitably occur! Natural selection probably shouldn't be called a law of biology. The reason it happens is not biology, but probability theory.

Evolution is not a biological process. It integrates the processes of technology, mathematics, information and biology. It can almost be said that evolution is a physical law that applies to all groups, regardless of whether they have genes or not.

I believe there is a mathematics of life. Natural selection may be this mathematical addition. To fully explain the origin of life, trends in complexity, and the emergence of intelligence, not onlyIt only requires addition, but also requires a rich mathematics consisting of complex functions that build on each other. It requires a deeper evolution. Natural selection alone is not enough. To make a difference, you must incorporate more creative and productive processes. It must have more means than natural selection.

Just as multiplication is a kind of continuous addition operation, but a whole new power emerges from this quick operation. If we only regard multiplication as the repetition of addition, we will never be able to master this. kind of strength. Just settle for addition and you'll never get E=mc².

Everything looks different in a swarm: the more aggregates there are, the more likely it is that interactions such as one aggregate triggering another will grow exponentially. At a certain point, the increasing diversity and number of aggregates will reach a critical value, causing a certain number of aggregates in the system to instantly form a spontaneous ring, a self-generating, self-supporting, and self-transforming chemical network. .

Blockchain is such a network, a hive of aggregated self-organization, natural selection from multiple dimensions, running at different scales, at different rhythms, and in different styles. This diversified deep evolution, like intelligence, emerges from some kind of dynamic community. This most adaptive of systems is so unruly that there is a thin line between losing control. Evolving systems will find this balance on their own.

Quoting the words of the weirdo Aboche, he said: "I am more concerned about those blank spaces, those forms that can be imagined but cannot be realized." In the blockchain network, the future is already here!

⑻ Give an example of what is blockchain

Question 1: What is blockchain technology? What exactly is blockchain? What is blockchain? 1. Data blockchain is an important concept in the Bitcoin financial system. It records transaction record data on the entire Bitcoin network, and these data are shared by all Bitcoin nodes. Through the data block, we can query each transaction record. A look at the history of Bitcoin transactions. 2. Example: There are three persons A, B, and C. All funds of A and B are kept by C. And every financial transaction must be recorded by C. Now assume that A and B each have 1 million in custody of C. Then: A spends 80,000 yuan to B, then C's account book record will subtract 80,000 yuan from A's name, and add 80,000 yuan to B's name. If B transfers 50,000 yuan to A, C will add 50,000 yuan to A's name and subtract 50,000 yuan to B's name in the account book. A spends 50,000 yuan to B, then C's account book record will subtract 50,000 yuan from A's name, and add 50,000 yuan to B's name. 3. The role of the data blockchain is similar to that of C’s account record book. It records the user’s ownership of Bitcoin and the records of all users’ Bitcoin transactions. It’s just that this “account record book” is recorded by the mining software of every Bitcoin miner on the network. If a Bitcoin transaction is confirmed by the data blockchainIf confirmed, the relevant information will be recorded in the data blockchain. Bitcoin’s “account record book” is called the data blockchain. All data blockchains on the network form Bitcoin’s distributed network database system. 4. The essence of data blockchain technology is a decentralized and distributed structure of data storage, transmission and certification methods. It uses data blocks to replace the current Internet's dependence on central servers, so that all data changes or transaction items are recorded. On a cloud system, the self-certification of data during data transmission is theoretically realized. In a far-reaching sense, this transcends the traditional and conventional information verification paradigm that relies on a center and reduces the cost of establishing global "credit." This point-to-point verification will produce a "basic protocol", a new form of distributed artificial intelligence, and will establish a new interface and shared interface for human brain intelligence and machine intelligence.

Question 2: What is the transaction process of the blockchain? Best to give an example 20 points 1. Definition
Blockchain is like an open network ledger. It originated from Bitcoin and is the underlying technology of Bitcoin. In a Bitcoin transaction, all the information recorded in the transaction is packaged into a "Block" for storage. With the expansion of information exchange, blocks are linked to each other, forming a blockchain.
2. Characteristics
Digital currency represented by Bitcoin is a peer-to-peer electronic cash system. Among them, each transaction will be broadcast to all participants in the network, and will be recorded in the ledger after multiple confirmations. This ledger is the "blockchain". Each participant will have his or her own ledger. In this way, when false information occurs, it can be broken through mutual verification, thereby ensuring network security.
In the blockchain, every node is equal, and there is no centralized management organization. This "decentralization" feature makes the blockchain unnecessary to rely on third parties, and its operation does not require any human effort. intervention, capable of independent self-validation. In addition, the blockchain network is open to the world, and anyone can query data through the public port, so the entire system is highly transparent.
3. Application
In short, the blockchain is a trusted database and a reliable "ledger". In the future, it will be used in cross-border payments, securities, loans, voting, etc. For example, in cross-border payments, with the security provided by blockchain, money can be sent to the world anytime and anywhere, thus eliminating many intermediate links and high handling fees.

Question 3: What is blockchain? What does it mean in layman’s terms? What is China’s attitude towards blockchain? What can blockchain do? Blockchain, a great technology that accompanied the birth of Bitcoin, is currently being used in the financial field to significantly reduce transaction costs and improve efficiency, which is enough to excite Wall Street. But this is just iceThe corner of the mountain has a wide range of potential applications and will subvert every aspect of our lives in the future.
Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database and serves as the underlying technology of Bitcoin. One of the most basic characteristics of Bitcoin is decentralization. In recent months, financial giants have gradually begun to pay attention to Bitcoin's technology and used it in non-monetary fields, such as stock trading, election voting, etc. (1) Art Industry
Artists can use blockchain technology to declare ownership and issue numberable, 100% edition works in digital form for any type of artwork. It even includes a marketplace where artists can buy and sell through their website without the need for any intermediary services.
(2), Real estate industry
Use blockchain technology to solve various problems faced by everyone involved in real estate, including the naming process, land registration, agency intermediaries, etc.
(3), Insurance Industry
The financial industry has always been the most sensitive to advanced technology. Traditional banking and securities industry giants have been involved in the booming blockchain venture capital investment since 2014, with the total global investment reaching US$1 billion within two years.
(4) P2P wallet
Personal assets can be traded through this P2P wallet in the future without going through any central institution, such as Bitcoin.
Most blockchains are in their infancy, mainly overseas. There are very few good domestic blockchain projects, so it is not recommended for any non-professionals to invest in blockchain projects. If you are very interested in blockchain technology and have a technical or financial background, it is recommended that you consider starting a business in this area. In terms of the blockchain protocol system, the lowest layer is the underlying technology of the blockchain, including the technical protocols of the blockchain, as well as some platform routing and basic algorithms; in the middle layer, some application interfaces and some credentials must be solved Issuance and verification, including some industry platform services, big data analysis, etc. This is a very rough classification, and there should be more detailed classifications; the top ones are some applications of blockchain, including finance Some applications and some applications in other aspects, the Internet of Things and so on.
Introduction to Bubi Blockchain
Bubi Blockchain has been focusing on the research and development and innovation of blockchain technology and products since its establishment. It has a number of core technologies and has achieved substantial results in many aspects. Radical innovation has resulted in a number of core technological achievements, such as: mathematically provable distributed consensus technology, fast large-scale ledger access technology, multi-chain general ledger technology that supports business expansion, and interconnection technology between heterogeneous blockchains. wait. On April 25, "Gege Points" introduced the concept of blockchain into the points system, jointly opened it up with multiple parties, issued and redeemed points, and promoted the circulation of points. Various cooperative institutions can jointly participate in transaction verification, ledger storage, and real-time settlement; enterprisesThe third-party payment platform of the points issuer makes the entry and exit of points more flexible. Bubi has developed its own basic blockchain service platform, which has been applied in equity, supply chain, points, credit and other fields. Bubi has been committed to building an open value circulation network with decentralized trust as the core, allowing digital assets to flow freely.
A simple understanding of blockchain is a technology underlying Bitcoin, which is also a peer-to-peer electronic cash system that can realize peer-to-peer value delivery. We should distinguish between Bitcoin, Bitcoin blockchain, blockchain and blockchain. Blockchain technology and other concepts. In countries with relatively developed finance in the past, finance and blockchain technology have a long history, and the legislation of digital currencies and blockchain networks is also very important. With the advent of the financial era, large financial institutions are studying blockchain technology. They have their own teams and conceptual technologies. Slowly, banks in various regions are also participating in digital currency discussions. The application and support of this technology are not only that. The influence of blockchain on enterprises is also huge. For larger domestic enterprises, Bubi Blockchain is also used in various equity, supply chain, points and other fields. Major domestic financial institutions and enterprises have taken a fancy to the new industry. value, they have developed their own blockchain platforms, and blockchain has instantly become a new innovative industry in China. In terms of overseas internationalization, the United States has already obtained 15 blockchain patents at the end of last year compared to China. Blockchain financial applications are entering a new stage in an all-round way. Various applications will become more and more in-depth, and related changes will also become more and more profound. It is attracting more and more attention and will form a huge new trend... >>

Question 4: What is blockchain technology? What is blockchain? How to explain the concept of blockchain? People in each industry have different understandings, and relevant explanations are gradually emerging due to more and more real-life applications. With the popularization of this blockchain technology, the related results are getting bigger and bigger. If we want to understand this technology, we must have an in-depth understanding of reality.
In the past six months, the concept of blockchain has gradually become popular in China, and a blockchain whirlwind has taken off in the financial circle. Blockchain has attracted the attention and favor of more and more people in the industry due to its unique technical advantages. Blockchain technology, which is decentralized (or multi-centered), highly transparent, cannot be tampered with, and has no single point of failure, is entering the field of vision of financial institutions and enterprises. It has at least been used in digital currency, payment exchange, registration and settlement, Digital assets, traceability and anti-counterfeiting, supply chain, Internet of Things and many other fields have moved from theoretical discussions to practical applications.
"Blockchain" was first introduced with "Bitcoin" released in early 2009. Blockchain has become the basic protocol and technical application for the launch, recording and circulation of Bitcoin. Although Bitcoin has been controversial since its inception and cannot even be regarded as a "currency" by governments and monetary authorities, the blockchain technology used in Bitcoin has been recognized by governments, including governments and monetary authorities. extensive attention.
Why blockchain will become a rapidly heatingHot technologies and topics?
The most important of these may be that Bitcoin, launched on the basis of blockchain technology, has opened up a new type of technology that has little connection with traditional society (offline) and is completely applied to the Internet. The world's (online) Internet users' identity verification, wealth confirmation, transaction records, notarization and verification and other new technologies and rule systems are explored and tried, which provides people with optional paths and unlimited imagination to adapt to the development of the Internet society.
Judging from its application in Bitcoin, blockchain is a set of new network blocks (BLOCK, also called communities) formed by combining encryption technology with the Internet. Bitcoin configuration, netizen identity verification, and Bitcoin (value) confirmation formed by mining, Bitcoin transaction records, and extended encryption of Bitcoin cross-block flow (value transfer) (added block and transaction time identification, etc. Internet protocol rules and accounting (Ledger) system including block chain, full encryption, mutual authentication, etc., including factor) registration and verification. Precisely because Bitcoin is not a substitute for offline legal currency, but is issued and managed by non-legal currency authorities, mainly imitating the model of gold, and is completely new and decentralized protected and supported by basic Internet protocols and strict encryption technology. Internet currency (virtual currency) has thus formed a new set of currency rules and systems that are different from and not subject to real social laws, and can be bought, sold or exchanged with legal currency. It has been more than 8 years since Bitcoin was launched. There has been no record of funds or user information being stolen. Its security has been verified, and its efficiency and cost of fund settlement also have obvious advantages. This has made people's confidence in the blockchain technology used in Bitcoin continue to increase, and people have become more and more aware that although blockchain is a technology and protocol pioneered and applied by Bitcoin, the blockchain Chain is not the same as Bitcoin, and its application is by no means limited to Bitcoin. The application of blockchain can be decentralized or centralized; it can be a public chain model or a private chain model. Therefore, after Bitcoin, blockchain technology is also constantly developing and innovating, and constantly exploring new application fields, especially in the financial field.
The reason why blockchain is valued highly by more and more people is because the development and widespread application of the Internet have caused more and more economic exchanges and transaction activities to be conducted online, and the online world (or online world) society) is rapidly expanding, enriching and active, and online transactions must solve the efficiency and security protection issues of the parties' identity verification, value verification, transaction records, inspection and verification, etc., and require strict intermediaries and agreements (rules or constitutions). In this regard, traditional thinking and customary practices are to follow the development trajectory of the transfer of offline transactions to online and push the common rules and practices of the real (offline) society to the online (network) society. However, in practice, it is increasingly It is difficult to adapt to the needs of online transactions.
For example, for the identity verification of the parties, the natural choice is to use the information on the identity documents protected by the laws of various countries as the basis, and then add account or transaction passwords, as well as biometrics such as Facebook, iris, fingerprints, etc., to conduct identity verification for online transactions. But this method first makes the citizen identity information in the cross-border interconnected online world subject to the administrative jurisdiction of real society... >>

Question 5: The so-called "blockchain" "What is it?" Blockchain itself is a tool called decentralization and trustlessness. For example, when you graduate from university, the current practice is to have a certificate recognized and issued by an authoritative agency as your certificate. This setting is more troublesome, because this is a piece of paper, and paper can be forged, so there will be various gaps. The issuing authority is also a person, and there will be various gaps in the middle. As long as it is related to people, whoever There are various possibilities related to media. The blockchain provides a great opportunity. As soon as you graduate, you will have a record on the blockchain. No one can change this record. This thing exists objectively. You, as a physical existence , and then as a data existence, the blockchain was born. In this case, anyone who wants to check where you graduated can easily solve the problem. This is similar to the big data often involved in social networking (WeChat) and payment platforms (Alipay, Yibao).

Question 6: What is blockchain? Can you explain the principle of 10-point blockchain in plain language: decentralized distributed accounting system
Blockchain The core of the technology is that all currently participating nodes jointly maintain transactions and databases. It makes transactions based on cryptographic principles rather than trust, so that any two parties who reach an agreement can directly conduct payment transactions without the participation of a third party.
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Technically speaking, a block is a data structure that records transactions, reflecting the flow of funds for a transaction. The blocks of transactions that have been reached in the system are connected together to form a main chain, and all nodes participating in the calculation record the main chain or part of the main chain. A block contains the following three parts: transaction information, hash hash formed by the previous block, and random number. Transaction information is the task data carried by the block, specifically including the private keys of both parties to the transaction, the number of transactions, the digital signature of electronic currency, etc.; the hash formed by the previous block is used to connect the blocks to realize the past The order of transactions; random numbers are the core of transaction completion. All miner nodes compete to calculate the answer to the random number. The node that gets the answer the fastest generates a new block and broadcasts it to all nodes for update, thus completing a transaction.
1.1 What is Blockchain
Blockchain refers to a technical solution that collectively maintains a reliable database through decentralization and trustlessness.. This technical solution mainly allows any number of nodes participating in the system to associate and generate a series of data blocks (blocks) using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains all the information exchange data of the system within a certain period of time, and generates The data fingerprint is used to verify the validity of its information and chain to the next database block.
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In layman’s terms, blockchain technology refers to a way for all people to participate in accounting. Behind all systems there is a database, which is a big ledger. Then who will keep this ledger becomes very important. At present, it is whoever owns the system who keeps the accounts. Each bank’s account books are kept by each bank, and Alipay’s account books are kept by Alibaba. But now in the blockchain system, everyone in the system has the opportunity to participate in accounting. If there are new transaction data changes within a certain period of time, everyone in the system can do accounting. The system will judge the person who has the fastest and best accounting during this period, write the recorded content to the ledger, and Send the contents of the ledger during this period to all other people in the system for backup. In this way, everyone in the system has a complete ledger. Therefore, this data becomes very safe. A tamperer needs to modify more than half of the system node data at the same time to truly tamper with the data. Such tampering would be extremely costly, making it nearly impossible. For example, Bitcoin has been running for more than 7 years. Countless hackers around the world have tried to attack Bitcoin, but so far there have been no transaction errors. It can be considered that the Bitcoin blockchain has been proven to be a safe and reliable system.
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1.2 Why is there blockchain innovation?
Human beings need to communicate during their activities, and communication is based on information. In the past, information circulation was not convenient enough to satisfy market participants. There is a demand for information, so intermediaries and centers are born. This centralized system has problems such as high cost, low efficiency, value dispersion, "information islands" and insecure data storage. However, due to technical and environmental factors, this system continued to operate for many years until the emergence of the Internet. The starting point of the first generation of the Internet is the TCP/IP protocol, which is an open code that implements a unified format for peer-to-peer transmission of information by all nodes on the network, and brings the basic values ​​of freedom and equality required by a global unified market into programmed, protocol-based, and reliably Execution. The Internet eliminates low-value, high-cost intermediate chains and achieves low-cost and high-efficiency global information transmission in a decentralized manner.
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However, the first generation of the Internet did not solve the problem of information credibility. Activities that can be decentralized on the Internet must be activities that do not require credit endorsement, and activities that require credit guarantee must be activities involving centralized third-party intermediaries. Therefore, Internet technology that cannot establish global credit has encountered great obstacles in its progress - people cannot participate in any value exchange activities on the Internet in a decentralized manner. If people want to realize value exchange, they still need a third party based on credit.Intermediaries (such as banks, clearing agencies, exchanges). The global centralized credit system still has problems such as high operating costs, low efficiency, and vulnerability to attacks and damage. For example, each country's legal currency has different credit values ​​and incompatible clearing systems, which adds a lot of cost to global trade.
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Therefore, what the second generation Internet must break through is: how to establish global credit in a decentralized manner? Let...>>

Question 7: Explain clearly what is blockchain in an easy-to-understand manner. The English name for blockchain is Blockchain. Block literally means block, block, and chain means chain, chain. Therefore, together they are translated into blockchain.
1. Use cryptography technology to encrypt and decrypt so that records cannot be tampered with. Common blockchain encryption methods include hash algorithm, RSA algorithm, elliptic curve algorithm, etc.;
2. The huge amount of calculation needs to be supported by a reasonable reward mechanism. Because every transaction must be recorded, Bitcoin’s blockchain has more than 60 gigabytes so far. Every new transaction requires confirmation of the information related to the trading account to ensure that the transaction is valid. The huge amount of calculation requires a computer with powerful computing power to complete.
In order to encourage the participation of powerful computing power, Bitcoin provides two rewards: one is to issue a certain number of bitcoins to these computers every day; instead, all transfer fees are awarded to these computers. (The technical term for these computers is "mining machines", and the people who hold the mining machines are called "miners".)
Biying China is working hard on asset digitization and launched the digital currency crowdfunding platform Biying China.

Question 8: What is blockchain? Blockchain is a new application model of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm. The so-called consensus mechanism is a mathematical algorithm that establishes trust and obtains rights and interests between different nodes in the blockchain system.
In May 2016, the Currency Blockchain Research Center published the first book in China that introduces blockchain in simple terms, "Blockchain: Defining a New Pattern of Future Finance and Economics." It introduces the impact of blockchain technology on future finance and economy

Question 9: What is blockchain? For the time being, this is a relatively high-end technology. It connects all nodes (which can be understood as servers) through p2p network technology. Complete data (blocks) are stored on each node. The addition and withdrawal of any node will not affect the normal operation of the chain. Data is embodied in the form of data blocks. Blocks are connected to each other and can be understood as a one-way linked list. The hash value of the nth block is generated based on the hash of the n-1th block, the transaction recorded in the current block, and the random number as parameters. In this way, if you want to modify the calendarThe data of the history block has to be modified in all blocks from the modified block to the final block. The difficulty can be imagined.
The blockchain also introduces a consensus mechanism and an incentive mechanism. There is no way to describe it too comprehensively here. I hope everyone can discuss and learn together

Question 10: What is blockchain: This explanation of blockchain is more understandable. Blockchain (Blockchain) refers to the method of decentralization and trustlessness. A technical solution for collectively maintaining a reliable database.
In layman’s terms, blockchain technology refers to a way for all people to participate in accounting. There is a database behind all systems. You can think of the database as a big ledger. Then who will keep this ledger becomes very important. Currently, whoever owns the system keeps the accounts. Tencent keeps the accounts of WeChat, and Alibaba keeps the accounts of Taobao. But now in the blockchain system, everyone in the system has the opportunity to participate in accounting. If there are any data changes within a certain period of time, everyone in the system can do accounting. The system will judge the person who has the fastest and best accounting during this period, write his recorded content into the ledger, and record this Within a period of time, the contents of the ledger are sent to all other people in the system for backup. In this way, everyone in the system has a complete ledger. In this way, we call it blockchain technology.
Blockchain technology has become the darling of the financial community in China and has become a hot topic. Domestic Puyin Group has launched Puyin, a tea-based digital currency.