区块链专项政策争相出台,中央关于区块链的定义

近年来，区块链技术受到了越来越多的关注，各级政府也纷纷出台了专项政策，以推动区块链的发展。针对这一技术，中央也给出了一个定义：“区块链是一个去中心化、分布式、公开透明、不可篡改的数据存储和传输技术，具有自我维护、自我完善的特性。”今天，我们就来深入认识区块链技术，拓展出三个关键词：去中心化、公开透明、不可篡改。

一、去中心化

去中心化是区块链技术的核心特性，它指的是没有中央服务器，每个节点都是等价的，可以自由的参与网络的建立和维护，也可以自由的参与网络的交易和管理。去中心化的特性使得区块链技术能够更加安全可靠，没有任何一个节点可以控制整个网络，因此，它不可能受到任何一个节点的攻击，也不可能受到任何一个节点的操纵。

二、公开透明

公开透明是区块链技术的另一个核心特性，它指的是区块链上的所有数据都是公开的，每个节点都可以看到网络上的所有交易记录，并且可以对这些交易进行验证，从而保证网络上的交易安全有效。同时，由于区块链上的数据都是公开透明的，因此，它可以有效地防止数据被篡改，从而保证数据的安全性。

三、不可篡改

不可篡改是区块链技术的另一个重要特性，它指的是区块链上的数据是不可篡改的，即使有人试图篡改区块链上的数据，也不可能成功，因为这将会改变整个网络上的数据，而这种改变会被其他节点发现，从而被拒绝。因此，区块链上的数据是安全可靠的，不可能被篡改。

以上就是区块链技术的三个关键词：去中心化、公开透明、不可篡改。这三个特性使得区块链技术具有极高的安全性，也使得区块链技术可以应用于许多不同的领域，从而推动着区块链技术的发展。

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⑴ The institutional organization that forms the new currency

The world’s two largest financial institutions have joined forces to form the institutional organization of the new currency
Financial Times A recent report revealed that the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank jointly developed a private chain to experiment and explore blockchain technology in the future. What's more, the two major financial institutions have launched a new currency product that looks a lot like a cryptocurrency, except for the name.

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The International Monetary Fund and the World Bank launched a private chain

This report was released on April 12, and the article stated that, The International Monetary Fund and World Bank have launched a so-called "Learning Coin" based on their own private blockchains. Although the asset looks strikingly similar to cryptocurrencies, the Financial Times stresses that it is not. Furthermore, the learning coins are said to contain no monetary value.

The report stated that both institutions are interested in exploring the possibilities and details of blockchain technology and related applications, and that the development of Learning Coin "is to better understand the mechanisms behind cryptocurrency assets." technology".

In addition, the report also stated that if you want to use learning coins, you have to use a specific application. This app will combine research, blogging, presentations, and videos. Additionally, Learning Coin is currently planned to be used only internally by the two institutions as they experiment and explore blockchain technology.

Testers at the IMF and World Bank are said to be able to earn learning coins when they reach a certain number of education hours. At the same time, employees can also exchange the coins they earn for certain rewards.

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A signal that blockchain technology and cryptocurrency assets are gaining more and more attention

Although this development itself may not be very Important, after all, news like this is already commonplace in the industry, but it marks the growing importance and transformative power of blockchain technology and cryptocurrency. Therefore, it is a particularly noteworthy development that large institutions such as the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, which are closely connected to the traditional banking system, have begun to actively explore blockchain.

The Financial Times also mentioned the strength of cryptocurrency assets in its report:

With the development of cryptocurrency assets and distributed ledger technology, and the Its information content (both neutral and established) is also growing rapidly. This has made central banks, regulators and financial institutions aware of the growing knowledge gap between legislators, policymakers, economists and technology.

Thus, a successful experiment could prompt an international monetaryAmid wider adoption of blockchain technology by the IMF and the World Bank, it is speculated that they may use the technology to enable smart contracts and use it to combat money laundering and improve overall transparency in the banking industry.

⑵ Blockchain Information Service Management Regulations

Article 1 is to regulate blockchain information service activities, safeguard national security and social public interests, and protect the rights and interests of citizens, legal persons and other organizations. Legitimate rights and interests, promote the healthy development of blockchain technology and related services, in accordance with the "Cybersecurity Law of the People's Republic of China", "Internet Information Services Management Measures" and "Notice of the State Council on Authorizing the National Internet Information Office to be responsible for the management of Internet information content", Establish this provision. Article 2 Those engaged in blockchain information services within the territory of the People's Republic of China must comply with these regulations. If laws and administrative regulations provide otherwise, such provisions shall prevail. The term "blockchain information services" as mentioned in these regulations refers to the provision of information services to the public through Internet websites, applications, etc. based on blockchain technology or systems. The term "blockchain information service provider" as mentioned in these regulations refers to the entities or nodes that provide blockchain information services to the public, as well as the institutions or organizations that provide technical support to the entities of blockchain information services; the term "blockchain" as mentioned in these regulations refers to the entities or nodes that provide blockchain information services to the public. Chain information service users refer to organizations or individuals who use blockchain information services. Article 3 The Cyberspace Administration of China shall be responsible for the supervision, management and law enforcement of blockchain information services nationwide in accordance with its duties. The Internet Information Offices of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government are responsible for the supervision, management and law enforcement of blockchain information services within their respective administrative regions according to their responsibilities. Article 4 encourages blockchain industry organizations to strengthen industry self-discipline, establish and improve industry self-discipline systems and industry standards, guide blockchain information service providers to establish and improve service specifications, promote the construction of industry credit evaluation systems, and supervise blockchain information service providers Provide services in accordance with the law, accept social supervision, improve the professional quality of blockchain information service practitioners, and promote the healthy and orderly development of the industry. Article 5 Blockchain information service providers shall implement information content security management responsibilities and establish and improve management systems for user registration, information review, emergency response, and security protection. Article 6 Blockchain information service providers shall have technical conditions suitable for their services. For information content prohibited by laws and administrative regulations, they shall have immediate and emergency response capabilities and technical solutions for the release, recording, storage, and dissemination of information content prohibited by laws and administrative regulations. It should comply with relevant national standards and specifications. Article 7 Blockchain information service providers should formulate and disclose management rules and platform conventions, sign service agreements with blockchain information service users, clarify the rights and obligations of both parties, and require them to promise to abide by legal regulations and platform conventions. Article 8 Blockchain information service providers shall, in accordance with the provisions of the "Cybersecurity Law of the People's Republic of China", collect the real identity information of blockchain information service users based on organizational codes, ID number or mobile phone number, etc. Certification. If users do not authenticate their real identity information, blockchain information service providers shall not provide relevant services for them. Article 9Blockchain information service providers that develop and launch new products, new applications, and new functions must report to the national and provincial, autonomous region, and municipality Internet Information Offices for security assessment in accordance with relevant regulations. Article 10 Blockchain information service providers and users shall not use block chain information services to engage in activities that endanger national security, disrupt social order, infringe upon the legitimate rights and interests of others, or other activities prohibited by laws and administrative regulations, and shall not use block chain information services to produce , copy, publish, and disseminate information content prohibited by laws and administrative regulations. Article 11 Blockchain information service providers shall fill in the name, service category, service form, and application of the service provider through the Blockchain Information Service Registration Management System of the Cyberspace Administration of China within ten working days from the date of provision of services. Domain, server address and other information, and complete the filing procedures. If a blockchain information service provider changes its service items, platform URL, etc., it shall go through the change procedures within five working days from the date of change. If a blockchain information service provider terminates its services, it shall go through the cancellation procedures thirty working days before terminating its services and make appropriate arrangements. Article 12 After receiving the filing materials submitted by the filing party, the national and provincial, autonomous region, and municipality Internet Information Offices shall, if the materials are complete, be filed within twenty working days, issue a filing number, and pass the filing through the State Internet Information Office District The blockchain information service filing management system publishes filing information to the public; if the materials are incomplete, the filing will not be granted, and the filing person will be notified within twenty working days and the reasons will be explained. Article 13 Blockchain information service providers that have completed registration shall indicate their registration number in a prominent position on the Internet websites, applications, etc. that provide services to the outside world. Article 14 The Internet Information Office of the state and provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall conduct regular inspections of blockchain information service registration information. Blockchain information service providers shall log in to the blockchain information service registration management system within the specified time and provide relevant information. Article 15 If the blockchain information services provided by a blockchain information service provider have potential information security risks, they must make rectifications and comply with laws, administrative regulations and other relevant provisions and relevant national standards before they can continue to provide information services. Article 16 Blockchain information service providers shall take warning, function restriction, account closure and other disposal measures against blockchain information service users who violate laws, administrative regulations and service agreements in accordance with the law and contract, and deal with illegal information content Take corresponding measures in a timely manner to prevent the spread of information, save relevant records, and report to the relevant competent authorities. Article 17 Blockchain information service providers shall record information such as content and logs released by blockchain information service users, record backups shall be kept for no less than six months, and shall be provided when relevant law enforcement authorities inquire according to law. Article 18 Blockchain information service providers shall cooperate with the supervision and inspection implemented by the cybersecurity and informatization department in accordance with the law, and provide necessary technical support and assistance. Blockchain information service providers should accept social supervision, set up convenient complaint and reporting portals, and handle public complaints and reports in a timely manner. Article 19 Blockchain Information ServicesThe service provider violates the provisions of Article 5, Article 6, Article 7, Article 9, Article 11, Paragraph 2, Article 13, Article 15, Article 17, and Article 18 of these Regulations If the situation is serious, the national and provincial, autonomous region, and municipal Internet information offices shall give a warning in accordance with their duties and order them to make corrections within a time limit. The relevant business shall be suspended before making corrections; if corrections are refused or the circumstances are serious, a fine of not less than RMB 5,000 but not more than RMB 30,000 shall be imposed; constituting Anyone who commits a crime shall be held criminally responsible in accordance with the law. Article 20 If a blockchain information service provider violates the provisions of Articles 8 and 16 of these Regulations, the Internet Information Office of the country and provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall, in accordance with their duties and in accordance with the provisions of the Cybersecurity Law of the People's Republic of China, be processed. Article 21 If a blockchain information service provider violates the provisions of Article 10 of these Provisions by producing, copying, publishing, or disseminating information content prohibited by laws and administrative regulations, the Internet Information Office of the country, provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall, on the basis of Responsibilities include giving a warning and ordering correction within a time limit, and relevant business should be suspended before correction; if the violation is refused or the circumstances are serious, a fine of not less than RMB 20,000 but not more than RMB 30,000 will be imposed; if a crime is constituted, criminal liability shall be pursued in accordance with the law. If users of blockchain information services violate the provisions of Article 10 of these Provisions and produce, copy, publish, or disseminate information content prohibited by laws and administrative regulations, the national and provincial, autonomous region, and municipality Internet Information Offices shall, in accordance with relevant laws and administrative regulations, regulations will be dealt with. Article 22 If a blockchain information service provider violates the provisions of Article 11, Paragraph 1 of these Regulations, fails to perform registration procedures in accordance with these Regulations or fills in false registration information, the Internet Information Office of the country, province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government shall According to their duties, they shall be ordered to make corrections within a time limit; if they refuse to make corrections or the circumstances are serious, they shall be given a warning and fined not less than RMB 10,000 but not more than RMB 30,000. Article 23 Those who engage in blockchain information services before the promulgation of these regulations shall complete relevant procedures in accordance with these regulations within twenty working days from the date when these regulations come into effect. Article 24 These regulations will come into effect on February 15, 2019.

⑶ What are the applications of blockchain industry?

Taking the tourism industry as an example, blockchain applications are mainly concentrated in travel, travel community reviews, digital identity management, credit consumption management, Tracking pilots' professional certificates and qualifications, hotel and airline loyalty programs, reservation management, and consumer points management are several application areas. In addition, with the development of blockchain, many related top domain names have been registered, which has had a relatively large impact on the domain name industry. In addition, blockchain also has applications in finance, games, entertainment and other fields.

⑷ Which is the best institution in China to learn blockchain?

The best institution should be Huobi University. According to the needs of different groups, Huobi University now opens a "district" There are more than ten online and offline courses such as "Special Training Camp for Blockchain Talents", "Global Blockchain Leaders Course", "Blockchain Thinking", and "New Trends in Blockchain Technology". Currently, online live classes are also launched, so you can learn more about them first.

⑸ What are the blockchain companies?

——The following data sources and scores come from the "In-depth Analysis Report on Business Model Innovation and Investment Opportunities in China's Blockchain Industry" released by the Qianzhan Industry Research Institute.

——Original title: Analysis of the market status and development trends of China’s blockchain industry in 2019. Widespread implementation of applications to accelerate the construction of digital China

Analysis of the industrial chain of the blockchain industry: There are many downstream application fields with huge development potential

From the perspective of the industrial chain, my country's blockchain industry includes upstream hardware, technology and infrastructure; midstream blockchain applications and technical services;

Downstream blockchain application fields and other links. Upstream hardware, technology and infrastructure mainly provide necessary hardware, technology and infrastructure support for blockchain applications. Among them, hardware equipment includes mining machines, mining pools, chip manufacturers, etc.; general technologies include distributed storage, decentralization transaction, data services, distributed computing and other related technologies.

Downstream application fields include the combination of applying blockchain technology with existing industries, mainly including the financial industry, logistics industry, copyright protection, medical health, industrial energy and many other fields. As an emerging technology, blockchain There are many downstream application fields and huge development potential.

Midstream blockchain applications and services include basic platform construction and the provision of technical service support. The basic platform construction is divided into general basic chains and vertical domain basic chains; technical service support includes technical support and service support. Support is similar to upstream related technologies, and is responsible for providing buyers with a series of technical support based on blockchain products such as blockchain security protection; service support includes a series of services such as digital asset trading venues, digital asset storage, and media communities.

Analysis of the industrial chain of the blockchain industry

Source: Compiled by Qianzhan Industry Research Institute

⑹ "Blockchain Information Interpretation of the "Service Management Regulations" | "Tourism" law can be followed

On January 10, 2019, the Cyberspace Administration of China issued the "Blockchain Information Service Management Regulations" (hereinafter referred to as the "Regulations"), and will Effective from February 15, 2019. In order to help readers understand the content of the "Regulations" more clearly and straightforwardly, we have conducted a professional interpretation of this new regulation and compiled several highlights of the "Regulations": 1. It is clarified that the competent department of blockchain information services shall be responsible for Article 3: The supervision, management and law enforcement departments of blockchain information services are Internet Information Offices at all levels. 2. Clarify the definition of blockchain information service providers. According to Article 2 of the "Regulations", the so-called blockchain information services refer to the services provided to the public through Internet websites, applications, etc. based on blockchain technology or systems. Provide information services. Blockchain information service providers refer to entities or nodes that provide blockchain information services to the public, as well as institutions or organizations that provide technical support to entities that provide blockchain information services. According to the above definition, it can be seen that only information services such as news reports about blockchain and Bitcoin are provided to the public, such as mobile apps such as Mars Finance and Bikuai News, as long as they provide servicesThe underlying technology is not based on blockchain technology or systems, does not belong to the blockchain information services referred to in the "Regulations", and is not subject to the "Regulations". As for mobile apps or games such as "NetEase Planet", "Nishui Han", "A Chinese Ghost Story", etc., since some of them use blockchain technology or systems to provide services to users, their operators should be classified as blockchain information services provider. In addition, in view of the above definition, even if an organization or institution itself does not provide blockchain information services to the public, as long as it provides technical support to blockchain information service subjects, it still belongs to blockchain information services. Providers are bound by the Regulations. This means that the more popular model of "overseas establishment of entities to issue coins on the chain + domestic companies to provide technical services" may come to an end. 3. Clarify the security management responsibilities of blockchain information service providers. The "Regulations" clearly stipulate the responsibilities of blockchain information service providers. Mainly include: 4. Clarify the filing responsibilities and related procedures of blockchain information service providers. In addition to the above responsibilities, blockchain information service providers should also perform filing responsibilities: 1. Within ten working days from the date of provision of services. Fill in the name, service category, service form, application field, server address and other information of the service provider through the Blockchain Information Service Registration Management System of the Cyberspace Administration of China and perform the registration procedures. 2. If the service items, platform address and other matters are changed, the change procedures shall be completed within five working days from the date of change. 3. If the service is terminated, the cancellation procedures should be completed thirty working days before the service is terminated, and proper arrangements should be made. 4. Those who engage in blockchain information services before the "Regulations" are promulgated (i.e. before January 10, 2019) shall comply with the regulations within twenty working days from the date when the "Regulations" come into effect (i.e. February 15, 2019). Complete relevant procedures. 5. Blockchain information service providers should log in to the blockchain information service filing management system within the specified time and provide relevant information to cooperate with the Internet Information Office in conducting regular inspections of filing information. Registration agencies: Internet information offices at all levels. Filing procedures: After the blockchain information service provider submits materials, the Internet Information Source Information Office shall file the materials within twenty working days, issue a filing number, and report to the State Internet Information Office through the Blockchain Information Service Filing Management System. The public publishes the filing information; if the materials are incomplete, the filing will not be granted, but the filing person shall be notified within twenty working days and the reasons shall be explained. The promulgation of the "Regulations" clarified the subject boundaries of blockchain information service providers, stipulated in detail the subject responsibilities of blockchain information service providers, and filled the current domestic regulatory gap in the field of blockchain information services. , marking the arrival of the "regulatory era" in the field of blockchain information services. For the blockchain information service industry, it means more orderly and healthy development; for practitioners who are currently engaged in or are interested in providing blockchain information services in the future, it means higher compliance requirements. .

⑺ What is the China Blockchain Network?

ChinaBlockchain Network is a large-scale comprehensive media organization officially approved by relevant national departments to publish financial and economic information. The network was jointly organized by the China Enterprise News Observation Network in 2012 in conjunction with 28 financial institutions, 36 universities, 200 business associations and more than 100 world-renowned media. It is now hosted by Zhongcheng Culture Media Co., Ltd. and is the world's largest Blockchain portal.

China Blockchain Network adheres to the network policy of "overviewing the dynamics of the blockchain situation, gathering blockchain business strategies, disseminating blockchain hotspot information, and demonstrating the rich value of the blockchain", relying on the world Authoritative organizations (China Socioeconomic Decision-making Advisory Committee, China Socioeconomic Decision-making Consulting Center, China Market Research Center and China Market Survey and Research Center) conduct research, judgment and decision-making on the blockchain. The operating agencies cooperate with the People's Bank of China, China Banking Regulatory Commission, China Securities Regulatory Commission and China Insurance Regulatory Commission. , the top ten commercial banks, the top ten law firms, the top ten accounting firms, the top ten intellectual property companies, the China Professional Credit Platform and more than 100 Internet and financial research institutions platforms of relevant national ministries and commissions, absorbing 200 key international and domestic institutions It has the authoritative opinions of 650 well-known experts and scholars in the school, as well as first-line information provided by more than 2,000 outstanding editors and 500 national Internet technology backbone special writers. Its authoritativeness, forward-looking, comprehensive, strategic, authenticity and practicality have been recognized by the global market, making China Blockchain Network unique in the global blockchain field.

Opened by China Blockchain Network "
China Blockchain Network is a large-scale comprehensive media organization that publishes financial and economic information officially approved by relevant national departments. The network is owned by Chinese enterprises News Observation Network was jointly organized by 28 financial institutions, 36 universities, 200 business associations and more than 100 world-renowned media around the world in 2012. It is now hosted by Zhongcheng Culture Media Co., Ltd. and is the world's largest blockchain portal. .

China Blockchain Network adheres to the network policy of "overviewing the dynamics of the blockchain situation, gathering blockchain business strategies, disseminating blockchain hotspot information, and demonstrating the rich value of the blockchain", relying on The world's authoritative institutions (China Social Economic Decision-making Advisory Committee, China Social Economic Decision-making Consulting Center, China Market Research Center and China Market Survey and Research Center) conduct research, judgment and decision-making on blockchain. The operating agencies cooperate with the People's Bank of China, China Banking Regulatory Commission, China Securities Regulatory Commission, The China Insurance Regulatory Commission, the top ten commercial banks, the top ten law firms, the top ten accounting firms, the top ten intellectual property companies, the China Professional Credit Platform and more than 100 Internet and financial research institutions from relevant national ministries and commissions have cooperated with the platform, attracting 200 international and domestic institutions. The authoritative opinions of 650 well-known experts and scholars from key universities, as well as front-line information provided by more than 2,000 outstanding editors and 500 national Internet technology backbone special writers. It is authoritative, forward-looking, comprehensive, and strategic , authenticity and practicality have been recognized by the global market, making China Blockchain Network a leading player in the global blockchain field.Be unique.

The "Thing Chain Network, Chain Weekly, Chain Research Report, Finance, News, Banking, Legal System, Securities, Futures, Finance, Finance, Intellectual Property, Digital Currency, Financial Management" opened by China Blockchain Network Key columns such as ", Credit, Culture" are world-renowned. Various dynamic information broadcast daily goes directly to various financial institutions and central banks around the world, the China Banking Regulatory Commission, the China Insurance Regulatory Commission, the China Securities Regulatory Commission and various commercial banks, Internet of Things companies, law firms, financial management companies, etc. It is the first step for communication and cooperation between blockchain and all walks of life. Bonds and bridges.

Major events such as the "China Small and Medium-sized Investment Development Forum" and the "International Cultural Industry Investment Fair" hosted and co-organized by China Blockchain Network are well-known at home and abroad.

The purpose of China Blockchain Network: to connect with the world, serve the world, run the network with integrity, and keep pace with the world.
Key columns such as finance, news, banking, legal system, securities, futures, marketing, financial management, and culture are world-renowned. The various dynamic information broadcast daily goes directly to financial institutions and central banks, China Banking Regulatory Commission, China Insurance Regulatory Commission, and China Securities Regulatory Commission around the world. As well as various commercial banks, policy banks, joint-stock banks, and rural credit cooperatives, it is the link and bridge for communication and cooperation between blockchain and all walks of life.

The "China Blockchain Network" hosted and co-organized by China Blockchain Network Major events such as "Small and Small Investment Development Forum" and "International Cultural Industry Investment Fair" are well-known at home and abroad.

The purpose of China Blockchain Network: to connect with the world, serve the world, run the network with integrity, and keep pace with the world .

China Blockchain Network: The global blockchain leader
China Blockchain Network: The largest information exchange platform for the global blockchain