12月3号杭州区块链大会会议,12月3号杭州区块链大会召开
12月3号，杭州区块链大会在杭州召开，本次大会以“推动区块链技术在杭州的应用”为主题，旨在推动区块链技术在杭州的应用，推动区块链技术的发展。本次大会拓展了三个主题：区块链技术、区块链应用、区块链未来发展。本文将对这三个主题进行详细介绍。
区块链技术：区块链技术是一种分布式数据库技术，它使用一种叫做“区块链”的数据结构来存储数据，数据存储在一个可验证的、不可篡改的分布式数据库中，可以被多个参与者共享。区块链技术的特点在于去中心化，它使用密码学算法来验证数据的安全性，并且可以跨越多个网络，实现数据的安全传输。
区块链应用：区块链技术的应用可以分为两大类，一类是金融类，包括数字货币、支付系统、保险、投资等；另一类是非金融类，包括物联网、智能合约、身份认证等。区块链技术的应用域涉及到金融、政府、医疗、法律、教育、物联网、分布式计算等多个领域，可以大大提高效率，节约成本，提升用户体验。
区块链未来发展：区块链技术的未来发展将受到政府的支持，各国政府都在积极推动和支持区块链技术的发展，以期在金融、政府、医疗等领域发挥更大的作用。同时，随着技术的不断发展，区块链技术也将不断演进，更加安全、高效、便捷。未来，区块链技术将在金融、政府、医疗、法律、教育、物联网等多个领域发挥重要作用。
本次杭州区块链大会以“推动区块链技术在杭州的应用”为主题，拓展了三个相关关键词：区块链技术、区块链应用、区块链未来发展。本次大会将为杭州的区块链发展提供更多的可能性，为杭州的区块链应用提供更多的可能性，为杭州的区块链未来发展提供更多的可能性。
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① Winning the GBLS Global Blockchain Annual Technology Value Application Award, INE Wan Ruicheng was invited to attend the roundtable forum
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INE has been highly recognized by the industry
On January 6, 2019, GBLS Global Sleepless Blockchain Industry The Leaders 2018 Year-End Ceremony was held grandly in Hangzhou, Zhejiang. As an outstanding project party, INE Zhilian Ecosystem won the GBLS Global Blockchain Annual Technology Value Application Award. Project co-founder Wan Ruicheng was invited to attend the roundtable forum.
Representative Wan Ruicheng (third from right), co-founder of INE, came to the stage to receive the award
INE co-founder Wan Ruicheng (first from the right) took the stage to receive the award on behalf of INE
INE co-founder Wan Ruicheng (first from the left) was invited to attend the roundtable forum< /p>
INE co-founder Wan Ruicheng (first from left) was invited to attend the roundtable forum
INE co-founder Wan Ruicheng’s roundtable forum representative’s speech
GBLS authoritative evaluation system
GBLS has always been known as the "King of All Meetings" in the blockchain industry. This timeThe GBLS 2018 year-end ceremony was also unprecedentedly popular, with 1,128 industry luminaries attending and 22,810 people participating in the exhibition. It aims to select companies and practitioners who have made outstanding contributions to the blockchain industry in the past year and give high-quality projects a showcase stage to promote the healthy development of the blockchain industry.
The selection criteria are comprehensively carried out from multiple dimensions such as product, community, technology, application, investment, etc., gathering 100 top expert think tanks and 1,000 blockchain industry leaders to formulate the authoritative evaluation of the GBLS Blockchain Value Index System, create the first value evaluation system "PBTI model" in the blockchain, and define the value vane of the entire blockchain ecosystem.
GBLS Global Sleepless Blockchain Industry Leader 2018 Year-End Ceremony Site
GBLS Global Sleepless Blockchain Industry Leader 2018 Year-End Ceremony Outstanding Projects
Where does the value application of technology come from?
INE IntelliShare is very honored to be recorded in this GBLS year-end ceremony as an outstanding project with application value. With a weight of 30% expert review, 15% industry leader review, 15% media review, and 40% public review, INE has been highly recognized by the industry, and the application of INE technology is highly feasible and necessary.
In the comprehensive multi-faceted evaluation of GBLS, there are many awards. Why does INE win the Global Blockchain Annual Technology Value Application Award?
1. Existing network requirements
01
Military network is in urgent demand
Mesh network was applied to wireless access network in 2002 First of all, its point-to-multipoint network topology can solve problems such as network-free communication, fast mobile communication, real-time communication, and information confidentiality in military scenarios.
INE Mesh can be used to integrate various military service resources and assist the military in unified command and joint operations. Provide the army with camps, drills and temporary temporary equipment needed during wartime.Networking, communication command and logistics support wireless network services. Achieve unified command and coordination across different military functional units.
02
Civilian exclusive network
The first application of wireless mesh networks was in community access networks. In Japan, Nankoku City has used Mesh networks to connect 13 elementary schools, 4 middle schools and 18 municipal buildings. In Finland, Nokia's wireless router products can be installed on rooftops and have been favored by more than 50 operators.
At present, most domestic users are deploying Mesh networks. The application solutions involve wireless cities, intelligent transportation, manufacturing and energy, public security, medical and health, education, residential areas and hotels, temporary networks, etc. etc., the application scenarios are extremely broad. The INE Mesh network has been tested in hotels, public security, temporary networking, manufacturing, and energy. The network connection is very smooth, and the monitoring is convenient and free of lags.
03
World without network communication
Network-free communication actually covers two levels. One is internal communication in areas without network, and the other is building communication systems in areas without network in the world. The market demand for the latter is huge.
According to surveys, in countries or regions with relatively backward economic development (especially the third world), 57% of the world’s people (approximately 4 billion people) do not have access to the Internet, and are in a completely "no network" situation. "status. 50% of the population already has access to the Internet, but the remaining 50% have long and difficult access to the Internet. In these countries or regions, it is impossible to complete the construction of expensive wired network infrastructure. In contrast, the main goal of wireless Mesh networks is to achieve "last mile" broadband access and provide high-speed data coverage with lower network deployment and maintenance costs.
As of the end of December 2018, INE has signed a strategic cooperation agreement with the Philippines, which symbolizes that the INE Mesh network will have a huge market in third world countries represented by the Philippines.
2. Potential network blue ocean
Wireless Mesh network is also called "community" "Wireless Network" has become a new, cheap and efficient network structure solution for realizing the next generation of wireless Internet.
AI, Internet of Things, AR sensors, 5G and other technologies spawned in the digital era, as well as the decentralized technology of blockchain, are calling for a more diversified network system, thus solving the traditional network system’s impact on technology. development constraints.
Kaixiang Zhang, chief architect of WeBank, believes that distributed network is an important implementable application project in the blockchain industry. The current blockchain development is mainly concentrated in the financial industry, and there is huge space in decentralized networks.
3. Already leading the implementation of blockchain distributed network
01
Launched IPFS mining machine
INE has reached a strategic cooperation with Zhongke Huichen, a smart mining equipment hardware manufacturer. In terms of the distributed storage system mining machine IPFS, the distributed network, that is, the technological combination of Mesh, has been opened up. The first phase of 100,000 IPFS+Mesh concept mining machines has been delivered gradually since October 2018.
02
Floor-standing wireless charging
INE and Dianzan Technology - its terminal scenarios have been signed with 7-Eleven, Family and other first-line convenience stores across the country, and the wireless charging hardware embedded with Mesh network technology modules has entered the mass production period.
03
Implementing smart communities
INE has signed a strategic cooperation agreement with Shawei Community in Futian District, Shenzhen, and will use the INE Mesh network as the underlying network system to build smart communities. The community consensus has designated 40 residential buildings as pilot projects for INE Mesh equipment.
04
Unique landing scene
At the Qingdao Shanghai Cooperation Organization Summit in 2018, we solved the data security and network connection problems at the conference site, ensured the security of the surrounding monitoring network, and prevented the leakage of confidential data.
In 2018, the WPMF World Professional Muay Thai Federation provided information diversion and outfield network security monitoring services for venues in the Chinese competition area, providing real-time control at the event site to prevent emergencies when crowds of people are crowded and take timely measures.
05
Implement traditional physical factory
INE has signed a strategic cooperation agreement with Henan Nanyang Niannian Food Co., Ltd. Based on the Mesh network, it will create the integration of blockchain industry + traditional physical industry and build a blockchain distributed network factory; and based on the blockchain spirit, create a distributed business system.
06
Landing in the Third World
IntelliShare Foundation and the Philippine ASYA Pacific Foundation, Asian Premier and Malayan Pacific Power Holdings Corporation (MPPH) signed a strategic cooperation agreement. INE Mesh technology will support the IoT network and network security of the Philippine petroleum industry, the low-cost network coverage and emergency network of the Philippine communications industry, and the island network ecology of the Philippine Islands.
Landing is just the beginning
For blockchain projects, implementation is just the beginning, and the ecosystem that is constantly built based on this is the most important part.
This ecosystem must have technical support, perfectly integrate the blockchain’s token economic model, be feasible for implementation, and have a broad market. Adhering to this concept and original intention, INE Intelligent Ecology still forges ahead even in the bear market, and gathers the consensus of all members of the community to wait for the dawn and tomorrow.
② Among the top ten international blockchain patents, the vice-president unit of Zhejiang Blockchain Technology Application Association holds two seats
International Among the top 10 blockchain patents, the vice-president unit of Zhejiang Blockchain Technology Application Association occupies two seats! Among them, Ant Chain ranks first and 33 Complex Beauty ranks sixth!
After two years, what is the development trend of global blockchain patents? Faced with the entry of traditional Internet giants, can Chinese companies still maintain their leading position in patented technology?
On March 12, 2021, IAM once again released the latest research report on global blockchain patents. It is a matter of pride that Chinese companies once again lead the world in blockchain patent performance.
(IAM official social media picture)
According to Derwent data, the top ten Chinese companies have submitted a total of 3,066 "patent families", accounting for approximately the global total. nearly one-third. Ant Group maintains its first position with 2,298 patent families, Ping An Group has become the world's second largest blockchain patent applicant after experiencing a surge in numbers last year, Tencent ranks third, and Complex Beauty ranks sixth in the world.
It is worth noting that among the top ten Derwent patent families, nine are Chinese companies. There are technology giants such as Ant, Tencent, and Internet, large state-owned enterprises such as China Unicom and State Grid, as well as Beijing Ruize Technology., Hangzhou Complex Beauty and other emerging technology companies reflect the enthusiasm of Chinese companies in investing in blockchain technology research and development and patents.
IAM pointed out that, firstly, patent applications are easy to file, especially if there are subsidies and other incentives, but only a small number can be ultimately granted; secondly, most Chinese companies on the list apply on average The score for breadth is approximately 1, which is an indicator of how many jurisdictions a patent family covers. The more countries a patent is filed in, the greater the scope of legal protection and international potential that the right has.
③ If the currency is to be cut off, where will the research and development of the Leek Blockchain go?
Conclusion:
1) According to the Tianyancha website Statistics of search results;
2) Since the industrial and commercial bureaus across the country have inconsistent operating standards on whether to advance "blockchain" in company names and business scopes, there may be a large number of companies actually carrying out blockchain. Technology research and development is not reflected in the name and business scope, resulting in the situation that it cannot be included in the statistical results.
Data shows that Guangdong, especially Guangzhou and Shenzhen, has accumulated a large number of blockchain companies. Compared with other provinces, Guangdong is almost unparalleled in attracting blockchain companies to settle in. The vast majority of these companies were registered within the past year.
In actual operation, if you set up a company in Guangzhou and Shenzhen, it can be reflected in the name, such as Guangzhou ABC Blockchain Co., Ltd., or you can add "blockchain technology development and application" to the business scope. Or something like "Internet blockchain technology research and development services".
We believe that the application of blockchain industry will accelerate in the future. Its decentralization, disintermediation and anonymity will not only bring new challenges to enterprise management and government supervision, but also will It will bring more opportunities, realize data transparency, information disclosure, efficient management and operation, and gradually spread the physical implementation of blockchain technology to various fields.
④ He Yibing: The new e-commerce model in the mobile Internet era is people-centered
Hangzhou Net News From December 18th to 20th, the 2020 NetEase Future Conference was held grandly in Hangzhou. With the theme of "Insight into the Unseen", the conference brings together the world's most powerful minds, hoping to transcend the unseen with foresight and find the key to the future.
At the conference, He Yibing, the founder and CEO of Faceface, said in his keynote speech "Interesting Life in the New World" that in the PC Internet era, PC computers are the terminals for information processing, and e-commerce companies are all platform-based e-commerce companies. Such as Taobao, Tmall, JD.com. The essence of platform-based e-commerce is information centralization and an information-centered e-commerce platform. In the era of mobile Internet, mobile terminals are essentially people online, and the new e-commerce model is people-centered.
He Yibing believes that if the first generation of e-commerce is called e-commerce on the platform, and the second generation of e-commerce is where e-commerce goes with people, then the third generation of e-commerce is called scene e-commerce. afterWhen you buy something, do you still buy it in the store? Will you still buy on e-commerce platforms? Probably not. You might buy a tableware at a restaurant, or you might buy a lamp at a friend's house. You see that the lamps in your home are very nice. At this time, when you see the lamp in your eyes, all the product information will come out, and you can download it. Single.
He Yibing predicts that glasses will most likely become a new computing platform in the future, because glasses can integrate two important information portals for people about the world: vision and hearing. In the future, glasses will definitely be a new computing platform, so that AR and VR technologies can truly be integrated into one and affect our future lives.
The following is the transcript of He Yibing’s speech:
Dear friends attending the NetEase Future Conference, good afternoon!
This sharing will focus on three aspects of technology: AI, AR, VR, and blockchain. What changes will these three technologies probably bring to our future lives? What characteristics might those new worlds present? Some are happening and some may happen.
First is AI. You should have read the famous American TV series "Westworld", which talks about a completely simulated world created by humans, and how these robots later awakened their self-awareness. We know that as long as an individual with awakened self-awareness and self-will has the right to choose, he can be treated as an equal by us humans, or can rise to the level of a living being.
"Westworld" tells us about the silicon-based world that humans are creating. Our human information world is a silicon-based world. This silicon-based world is interacting with the titanium-based world of humans. Blend slowly.
In fact, what I am saying is more important. My understanding of AI is not artificial intelligence, but augmented intelligence.
When I was a child, I had a dream. I hated remembering words. I hoped that I could remember the words as soon as I woke up. If we could read and write the brain, then my dream in my little life would be Achieved. Regardless of artificial intelligence or augmented intelligence, we are changing the world. When we change the world, we are also changing ourselves. In the future, we titanium-based people will also move into the titanium-based and silicon-based world. This is the first part of my sharing.
In the second part, you may have seen the movie "Ready Player One". As I said before I shared it, we may be in the NetEase game world in the future, tasting old duck pot, which is very interesting. What is the virtual world and the real world? Which one is the real world? What I want to say is that they invest in the real world. In fact, the real world, or should we redefine what the real world is? Humans only have the world they know and perceive. The objectivity of this world may not be something we humans can recognize. God created this world, soWhether it is a real world or a virtual world, I actually say that they are both real worlds.
Let’s imagine that I was still communicating with a friend at noon today about the development of e-commerce. I said that in the PC Internet era, PC computers were the terminals for information processing. At that time, e-commerce companies were all platform-based e-commerce companies, such as Taobao, Tmall, and JD.com. The essence of platform-based e-commerce is information centralization and an information-centered e-commerce platform.
In the era of mobile Internet, the essence of mobile terminals is actually people online. The new e-commerce model is people-centered. For example, Haiquan is a store, Viya is a store, and all new e-commerce models are people-centered. Business is all about people. Let’s imagine the future of e-commerce. I just told my friend that if the first-generation e-commerce is on the platform, and the second-generation e-commerce is where people go, what will the third-generation e-commerce be called? I define it as scenario e-commerce. When we buy things in the future, will we still buy them in the store? Will you still buy on e-commerce platforms? Maybe not. When I buy a tableware, I might buy it in a restaurant. When I buy a lamp, I might buy it at a friend's house. I see that the lamp in the house is very good. At this time, all the product information about the lamp that I see in my eyes comes out. , I can place an order.
ARVR and MR are a world where the virtual and real worlds are becoming more and more integrated. You can imagine, is it like this? We even know that more and more people are working from home during this epidemic. , I imagined in my mind that I was at home, but I really wanted to run on the Qiantang River. If in the future ARVR world, I wear a helmet, I can feel like running on the Qiantang River. So you can imagine how the virtual world of AR and VR is integrated with the real world. I think the future world should be like this. I was communicating with directors from the Beijing Film Academy, and I asked how movies should be made in the future. I said that watching movies in the future may not be enough. When I watch movies, such as crime movies, I may watch them from the perspective of a detective. I may watch them again from the perspective of a bystander. There may be various characters involved. Inside, you are both watching a movie and becoming a part of the movie. This is my vision for the future. In AR and VR, especially when our glasses become computing platforms, our PCs become computing platforms, and in our PC Internet era , when mobile phones become computing platforms, mobile Internet.
There is a high probability that glasses will become a new computing platform in the future, because our glasses can integrate our two important information entrances to the world: vision and hearing. I believe that in the future glasses will be a new computing platform, so that our AR and VR technologies can truly be integrated into one and affect our future lives.
The third one I want to share with you is the blockchain. I think blockchain is moving us from a vertical world to a horizontal world. last year i hadA company that makes electronic signatures is called e-Signature, and we issued the first electronic divorce certificate. In the future, we don’t need to register with the Civil Affairs Bureau when we get married or divorced. In the future, when I trade stocks and sell my stocks to you, I don’t need to go to the stock market to trade. At our future conference, NetEase issued a lot of blockchain electronic tickets. In the future world, more and more information will be processed from centralized to horizontal to decentralized processing, and we will have more and more so-called authorities. Institutions are not required, including our recent central bank issuance of trial electronic currency.
When we do cash transactions, we give Mr. Liu 100 yuan, and the transaction can be completed between the two of us. But if it is electronic, Alipay is a third party clearing, so in the future more and more people will In the world built by blockchain, this world will move from a vertical world to a horizontal world, and it will be a freer and more horizontal world.
The next 50 years will probably be the 50 years when technology has the greatest impact on our human lives. You can imagine, if we lived a thousand years ago, at that time I was frozen and frozen, and I woke up five hundred years later, I would not feel the discomfort of life. Basically, there would be nothing in these five hundred years. It’s a big change, but if you imagine that ten years ago from now on, it was frozen, and now you are revived, you may not be able to take a taxi. If you don’t have Alipay to buy things, a lot of life will be inconvenient. So I believe that the next 50 years, especially the three technologies I mentioned, will greatly subvert our lives and the way our future lives will look like.
To sum up, the future will change from a titanium-based world to a dual-based world. The virtual world and the real world will merge into one. They are both real worlds. We will change from the vertical world Moving towards a horizontal world, from now on, we are moving towards the future world, thank you all!
The 2020 NetEase Future Conference is jointly sponsored by the Hangzhou Municipal People's Government and NetEase, with participation from the Hangzhou Municipal Commerce Bureau, Hangzhou Economic and Information Technology Bureau, Hangzhou Binjiang District People's Government, Beijing NetEase Media Co., Ltd. and NetEase Hosted by (Hangzhou) Network Co., Ltd., China Mobile is the overall sponsor. The conference will have three days of brainstorming, covering forums such as foreseeing the future, new infrastructure, artificial intelligence, blockchain, trendy business, UP life, and culture.
⑤ Is 2022 a good time to buy a house? Do you have any plans to buy a house?
First of all, it is uncertain what will happen to China’s housing prices in the future.
Overall, in the next 2-5 years, the first and second tiers will fall by 15%, and the third and fourth tiers will drop by 30%. It is a high probability event. The first and second tiers have low holding costs, while the third and fourth tiers have limited purchasing power.
Nowadays, the leverage of residents is too high, and it is difficult for the government to increase wages even if the government releases funds. Basically, it is transferred to Leeks in the form of leveraged credit. The current situation is really unbearable. In the past few years, almost everyone who has enough basic money to make a down payment has bought a car., it’s really dangerous to double up.
Do the third and fourth tiers want to sell land? Of course they do. Is there a shortage of land? There is certainly no shortage. The new areas are all filled with land. The key is that this liability is not transferred to home buyers, and the government's land sales money is the bank's money. Again, there are too many stocks and I really can’t pick up the leeks. Recently, there have been more and more failed land auctions, and it is urgent to supplement finance with property taxes.
The essence of the first and second lines is the same, but the situation is slightly better, because the belief and holding cost are too low, and the two sides are still in a stalemate. Shenzhen and Shanghai restricted loan quotas, transaction volume dropped instantly, and the so-called big guys who bought the houses they just needed with full payment disappeared.
The introduction of the property tax has completely changed this equilibrium state. The guide price is obviously prepared for the property tax. Otherwise, who else would be so tired to give a guide price to each community. If the real estate tax pilot is implemented quickly, it will be by the end of the year. If it is slow, it will be next year. It will definitely be launched. It will not be as harsh as everyone thinks, and it will not be like Shanghai and Chongqing before. Sell the land when it is time to do so without delaying property taxes. After all, there will be a transition time, and the ratio between the two will be dynamically adjusted. At the same time, state-owned developers began to develop public rental housing. The country has many options for building public rental housing: a large number of vacant office buildings in the city center have been renovated, have good locations, and are endorsed by the state. It just depends on whether the country is willing or not. As the holding cost goes up, first-line housing prices will definitely loosen, but after all, if the first-line housing prices decline for a few years, a 15% drop is acceptable, and it will just go back to around 2019. So I personally feel that the first and second tiers will be an excellent low point to get started in 2-3 years.
It is estimated that it will take 2-3 years before the third and fourth tiers are fully levied, but if we have expectations, we will not be afraid of rising prices. The bubble in the third and fourth tiers is still quite serious. A 30% drop is considered good, but it may be cut in half directly.
This time we look at the determination and means to deal with double reductions. It feels really different.
Finally, no matter whether you buy it or not, just pay attention to the leverage. Yesterday I saw a post about buying a house in Chengdu, draining the down payment of both parents and borrowing foreign debt. It's so dangerous. Many people born in the 1990s have not realized that their parents' bodies are getting weaker day by day, and people will get sick as they get older. Being sick costs a lot of energy and money.
⑥ [One of the top ten blockchain government cases] Ant Blockchain-Hangzhou Internet Court Judicial Chain Case
According to Hangzhou Daily, September 18, 2018, Hangzhou The Internet Court announced that the judicial blockchain was officially launched online, becoming the first court in the country to apply blockchain technology to resolve disputes. The judicial blockchain makes the entire process of electronic data generation, storage, dissemination, and use trustworthy.
Plaintiffs can submit electronic evidence such as contracts, rights protection processes, and service process details online through the online complaint portal, which will be submitted by notary offices, judicial appraisal centers, CA/RA institutions, courts, Ant Financial and other on-chain nodes. Joint witness and joint endorsement provide one-stop service for the prosecutor. The judicial chain has greatly reduced the cost of offline evidence storage and collection, and improved the efficiency of the judgment process. As a result, many cases that were previously unworthy of prosecution due to the high cost of rights protection have beenBetter rights protection can be achieved through blockchain; the judicial chain solves the problem of low judicial service efficiency and realizes the integration and sharing of judicial data, breaking down data islands; the judicial chain promotes the construction of a social credit system, reduces judicial costs, uses technology as an engine, and promotes innovative development , leading the transformation and upgrading of judicial services.
Citing the analysis of the "Blockchain Judicial Evidence Application White Paper" from the Trusted Blockchain Promotion Plan, with the rapid advancement of informatization, a large amount of evidence in litigation is presented in the form of electronic data. The specific manifestations of electronic evidence in judicial practice are becoming increasingly diverse, and the frequency of use and data volume of electronic data storage have increased significantly. Different types of electronic evidence are formed in different ways, but they generally have the characteristics of being easy to perish, easily tampered with, and highly dependent on technology. Compared with traditional physical evidence, it is more difficult to determine the authenticity, legality, and relevance of electronic evidence in judicial review. .
In judicial practice, parties generally lack the ability to produce evidence, and the electronic evidence provided to the court is of poor quality. There are a large number of problems such as improper evidence collection procedures, incomplete evidence, and poor pointing to the facts of the case, which directly affects the electronic evidence. The proportion of evidence admitted in litigation.
The traditional storage method of electronic evidence is essentially a centralized storage method, which may easily cause the storage data to be lost or be compromised. .
At the same time, electronic data relies on electronic media for storage. For storage security, multiple backups and other methods are often needed. In addition, electronic media have a long service life, which makes storage costs higher.
(2) Problems in evidence collection
Currently, when some locally generated electronic data is collected for evidence, the originals are intelligently retained in the device that generated the electronic data, and the original evidence and Devices are indivisible. Once the original evidence leaves the device, it becomes a copy and cannot become the basis for a final verdict. This results in many limitations in litigation cases.
In addition, the Internet software service provider cannot give a definite answer as to whether the so-called original is the true, original and complete data at the time when the time occurred. It is also doubtful whether the evidence obtained is the original.
(3) Problems in demonstration
Electronic data display and fixation are important aspects of data use. Since electronic data exists in the form of electronic information stored in electronic hardware, To obtain its content, you need to use responsive software to read and display it, which makes it difficult to demonstrate. It may also increase the burden of proof on the parties due to the need for notarization, and waste social judicial resources.
(4) Issues in Evidence
In litigation, both parties will submit their own electronic data as evidence. When the parties control their own data respectively, it is easy for the evidence submitted by both parties to be inconsistent.Even contradictory situations. In the absence of other supporting evidence, it is very difficult to determine the authenticity of the evidence, and the electronic data submitted by both parties cannot be used as the basis for deciding the case. In this situation where the facts of the case cannot be determined, the judge is likely to have to rely on assigning the burden of proof to decide the case. The general principle of allocating the burden of proof is that whoever makes the claim must provide evidence. If he cannot provide evidence, he will bear the consequences of losing the case. In this case, a party that actively tamperes with its own data can benefit from this burden of proof arrangement.
(5) Problems in evidence identification
All evidence "must be verified to be true before it can be used as the basis for finalizing a case", which is the most important and universal evidence in the world. One of the principles of justice. The identification of evidence is usually a process of identifying the "three properties" of evidence, namely the authenticity, legality and relevance of the evidence. Electronic data used as evidence also needs to pass the "three characteristics" judgment. Due to the large amount of data, strong real-time nature of electronic data, high storage costs, and difficulty in identifying original documents, it is still difficult to identify the "three properties" of evidence. Electronic data often cannot support the case because it is difficult to identify, which is detrimental to the case. Both the judge and the parties caused greater pressure.
Quoting from the sharing by Li Zhiguo, head of Ant Financial's judicial evidence deposit products, on the theme of "Ant Blockchain's Exploration in the Field of Judicial Evidence", he believes that in the past 20 years, the Internet industry has The key word is connection. In the PC Internet era, terminals were connected through PC interconnection. At that time, companies that discovered this trend seized huge business opportunities such as portals and search engines. In 2013, we entered the era of mobile Internet. In this era, many smart terminals and personal devices are connected together through the mobile Internet. The number of terminal devices and online time have been greatly improved. Those who seized the opportunity at this stage created super applications such as Weibo, WeChat, and Alipay. A very important change that we are currently paying attention to is that as the changes in connections continue to expand, the quality of connections has also changed greatly. This is called the second curve. The original object of connection was information, but now it is likely to become assets.
So what is the difference between assets and information? There are three main differences.
First, assets are unique, while information can be copied infinitely. In the Internet era, the cost of information transmission can be minimized through copying. However, when the connected object is an asset, there is a fatal flaw, that is, it cannot be transmitted through copying. After the asset is given to a person, It cannot be given to anyone else.
The second point is that assets are more fragile and precious than information. Assets are money. In the process of information digitization, it is easy to put information on the Internet, but for assets, this does not work, because behind the assets are real interests.
The third point: Compared with assets and information, assets have greater security requirementsDemand is very high, and many problems must be faced, including hackers, competitor attacks, fraud, etc. These are all problems that link assets need to solve. This is the third difference between assets and information. If there is a dispute over assets, they need to be resolved. In reality, it can be resolved by the court, but if it is on the Internet, it is difficult to deal with it.
The three characteristics of assets mentioned above are difficult to solve through traditional Internet methods. At the same time, the development of the Internet has made people lazier and lazier. If 10 years ago, many people could accept that asset connection would take a long time, but now it is difficult for people to accept it. For example, in order to sign a contract, it takes two to three days. It takes weeks to mail, and it costs a lot to go in and out of many traditional institutions frequently in order to make a cross-border payment. And compared with the connection method 20 years ago, the current Internet connection has become much more difficult, because many people find that after information is connected, the data becomes very valuable. What to do if it is valuable? The only way is to sink the value. When it sinks, it becomes a deep well of value. The larger the scale, the deeper the value. At the same time, another problem will be formed called data island. These issues need to be considered and resolved by the judicial chain.
Now, the court is standing at a historical opportunity node and has the opportunity to become a basic component of data generation and completion of connections. Disputes will inevitably occur over assets, and after a dispute occurs, the court will conduct a full-link review. This is a unique value, the value of the last mile of the Internet. By connecting assets, breaking data islands and value wells, this is the real value completion. This model actually belongs to small and medium-sized enterprises, including For individual users, the above is the value basis of the judicial chain.
If there is an island of value and it needs to be connected, there must be various connection methods. There are four main ways to connect.
The first is not to connect. , put it in a bank safe;
The second way is a bad connection, that is, through technological leadership and inequality, depriving the ownership of data assets through hacking technology, when there is no legal When connecting, bad connections must exist;
The third type is a connection that seems to be a good connection, but is actually a fragile connection. Nowadays, there are many ways to connect. When the market situation is relatively good, it is a bubble. It has a certain market when it is relatively large, but once it encounters real value, it breaks down;
The fourth type is the judicial chain, which can be summarized in 15 words, that is, the whole process record, the whole chain The road is trustworthy and witnessed by all nodes.
How can the judicial chain be technically credible and institutionally credible at a low cost?
FirstThe first problem is that assets are fragile, so the basic characteristics of real security must be achieved when connecting assets. Security includes privacy protection, which is not a simple matter. The first day Alipay was born started with secured transactions, solving the problem of the authenticity of previous transactions between buyers and sellers. Later, based on Alipay, Sesame Credit was proposed, and many Everyone has Zhima Credit points, and through past credit records, big data and artificial intelligence are provided as a reference for whether the user can fulfill the contract, making real security a step further. Next comes the blockchain. The blockchain provides a very important capability, that is, the truth cannot be tampered with, which makes trust a big step forward in the level of real security. Therefore, the first problem solved by the judicial chain is to ensure that the bottom connector is real and safe when connecting assets. This real safety is not something you talk about in words, nor is it a technology in a laboratory, but a technology in a laboratory. It has been recognized by users, tested by the market and tested by large-scale business volume.
The second question is very critical. When everyone is connected through a real and secure connector, once the data assets are compromised, how to deal with disputes? The judicial blockchain has been moving in this direction in the past two years. By bringing notary offices, judicial appraisal centers, and courts to the bottom of the judicial chain, the data is authenticated accordingly, ensuring that once a dispute arises about data assets, it can be dealt with fairly and effectively. This is a very powerful system, which is the fundamental reason why the judicial chain is the real solution to the problem of the last mile of the Internet. So far, the judicial chain has ensured technical credibility and institutional credibility.
The third problem is that in the interconnection of assets, the cost of connection cannot be too high. Users have developed the habit of obtaining countless information with just a click of the mouse and a search button. Blockchain has been popular for many years, but so far there are less than 20 million real users, and the daily activity is very low. The first reason is that it is too difficult to use, and the second reason is that the cost of use is too high. Therefore, when connecting assets, it must be very simple, very easy to use, and low cost. Just like when Alipay first implemented real-name authentication, it could quickly complete user payments through face scanning, and at the same time, the security level was very high. Therefore, real connectors must have the characteristics of low cost and high applicability.
The judicial chain has achieved technical credibility and institutional credibility, and the cost of connection is not high, opening a new era of blockchain for asset connection.
The Hangzhou Internet Court’s judicial blockchain makes the entire process of electronic data generation, storage, dissemination, and use trustworthy. Through the overall complete structure, it can solve the entire life cycle of electronic data generation, storage, dissemination, and use on the Internet, especially the whole-process trust issue at the generation end.
The blockchain consists of a three-layer structure:
1). The first is the blockchain program. Users can directly record the entire process of operation behavior in the blockchain through the program. , such as online submission of electronic contracts, maintenanceAuthorization process, service process details and other electronic evidence;
2), The second is the full-link capability layer of the blockchain, which mainly provides real-name authentication, electronic signatures, timestamps, data storage and zone Trusted services for the entire blockchain process;
3), the third is the judicial alliance layer, which uses blockchain technology to connect notary offices, CA/RA institutions, forensic appraisal centers and courts together. , each unit becomes a node on the chain.
The electronic evidence platform launched on the judicial chain of Hangzhou Internet Court directly establishes a special data channel between evidence and trial, making the collection, fixation, transmission and use of evidence more convenient and efficient.
In the past, when going to the Internet Court for litigation, evidence was submitted electronically and then uploaded to the "Hangzhou Internet Court Litigation Platform" (www.netcourt.gov.cn). For example, notarized documents are usually uploaded by scanning. The electronic evidence platform launched today first has a long "tentacle", and it can achieve seamless connection with other electronic data, such as notary offices. Then the notarized documents can be uploaded to the electronic evidence platform with one click and used directly as litigation evidence. For example, in transaction disputes involving e-commerce platforms such as Taobao and JD.com, mutual financial platforms, and wealth management platforms, third-party data service providers (such as operator platforms, electronic contracting platforms, and certificate depository institution platforms) can also directly transmit electronic data. The electronic evidence platform effectively solves the difficulties faced by parties in collecting electronic data evidence on their own and greatly saves the economic and energy costs of producing and cross-examining evidence in court trials.
The "electronic" evidence that was originally just scanned or typed has truly transformed into "electronic evidence". Through the third-party storage platform, "electronic data" is easily lost and tampered with. The magic spell forms a unique “data ID card” that cannot be tampered with, and is synchronized and backed up to the electronic evidence platform in real time. After entering the litigation process, the "data ID card" that has been saved on the electronic evidence platform will be automatically compared with the original electronic data to determine whether the electronic evidence has been tampered with later, thus ensuring the authenticity of the electronic evidence.
These electronic data have coded ID cards, which become the "elements" of each case. The platform classifies these elements and then matches them to each case. In this way, the system automatically matches The key element is to import electronic evidence into each case to form a system that automatically files cases without a judge. We can imagine that we will soon be able to achieve a case filing speed of tens or hundreds per minute.
Finally, when these evidences become electronic data and are stored on the platform, in addition to the Hangzhou Internet Court, which can carry out judicial use on the platform during the trial of the case, other relevant institutions (such as other people with permission) court, divisionForensic appraisal institutions, notary institutions, and filing institutions) can retrieve relevant evidence from the platform in accordance with the procedures, and the co-construction and sharing of resource data will also be achieved.
Taking the Shanghai Pudong Notary Office’s data storage platform that has opened up the Hangzhou Mutual Judicial Chain as an example, we will introduce the complete closed-loop process from the data protection platform to judicial litigation.
1. Register the business platform and perform real-name authentication
Enterprise A, a design company, opens the Shanghai Pudong Notary Office data storage platform page and completes real-name identity authentication after registration.
2. Original data storage
When Design Company A completes the design of a work and archives the original work data, it initiates a remote storage call through its own business system Interface, call the RESTful API of the notary office's data storage platform to complete the storage of the design work file HASH and related elements. The deposit certificate will also be sent to the Judicial Blockchain, Pudong Notary Chain and China Time Service Center simultaneously. After all are successful, a certificate of deposit with the corresponding LOGO will be obtained. The HASH fingerprint data of the work files that are completely consistent on each chain and platform shows the validity and non-tamperability of this certificate.
5. Log in to Hanghu Court to submit a complaint and verify the legality of the evidence
The judicial chain is a specific application case of Ant Blockchain BaaS. Ant Blockchain BaaS (Blockchain as a Service) is an open "blockchain as a service" platform based on the Ant Financial Alliance blockchain technology and Alibaba Cloud. It outputs blockchain as a cloud service, supports numerous business scenarios and on-chain data traffic, and is the foundation of industry blockchain solutions. Ant Blockchain BaaS is committed to building an open and collaborative platform to provide convenient services to enterprises and individuals around the world.
The above picture is the product map of Ant Blockchain, in which the technical architecture of BaaS is mainly divided into three layers:
1. The bottom layer is BaaS Core
The BaaS Core layer is based on a cloud resource management platform that provides flexible support for hosts and containers, enabling convenient cross-platform operation and deployment. For trusted hardware, Alibaba Cloud's Shenlong server provides corresponding hardware services and can provide a trusted execution environment with high reliability and high privacy protection. In addition to the certificate deposit platform and smart contract platform, heterogeneous chain cross-chain services will be launched soon on the basis of homogeneous chain cross-chain services. In the current market, a single chain or a single chain has its own limitations. In the future, cross-chain technology will become a very important part of establishing trust infrastructure and a mutual trust ecosystem. At present, the BaaS platform has passed the cross-chainServices realize internal interconnection and interoperability, and can also access trusted data sources on the external Internet through smart contracts and cross-chain services. In addition, BaaS Core has corresponding functions and support for other basic capabilities, such as alliance management, security and privacy, certificate key management, etc. While providing the self-developed Ant blockchain system, the BaaS platform also supports open source systems to better meet the diverse needs of customers, including enterprise Ethereum Quorum and Hyperledger Fabric.
2. The upper layer is BaaS Plus
The BaaS Plus layer encapsulates and services the underlying services and capabilities, and opens them into standardized interfaces to provide partners with access and use. This can greatly reduce customers' investment in basic resources and significantly shorten the time it takes to access services. So far, the platform has launched services such as trusted certificates, universal traceability, real person certification, and enterprise certification, and will gradually launch more services in the future.
3. The top layer is the BaaS Marketplace and solutions
Ant’s many partners can provide their capabilities in the marketplace. At the same time, practical applications implemented in different scenarios will precipitate a set of standard application solution templates, making it easier for customers to learn from the platform capabilities of other similar scenarios in their own applications. The Pudong Notary Office data storage platform can become a member of the BaaS Marketplace.
1. Account system
All transaction operations on Ant Blockchain are carried out around the account system, so before sending and executing transactions, you need to ensure that you have created a corresponding transaction in Ant Blockchain account, and then you can use the created account to submit transactions, and you can also complete modifications to the relevant account configuration based on the account structure.
The specific account data structure model fields and descriptions are as follows:
Among them, the account contains three types of keys:
Ant Blockchain adopts the account It is implemented in a decoupled manner from the key, which to a certain extent prevents security risks such as data loss on the chain caused by key loss. The main account operations supported by Ant Blockchain include:
2. Privacy protection
Ant Blockchain supports the privacy protection capabilities of sensitive account information data by introducing some features of cryptography. , by extending the relevant command functions at the smart contract level to realize the encrypted storage and addition and subtraction operations of the amount in the smart contract. Only individuals who obtain a valid key can decrypt the sensitive data in the smart contract and view the original amount information.
At present, the cryptographic features introduced by Ant Blockchain include zero-knowledge proof, that is, by introducing zero-knowledge proof, the legality of the transfer amount can be proved under the condition of encrypted ciphertext.
3. Cross-chain service
Ant Blockchain cross-chain service is an on-chain data service provided for smart contracts. This service deploys cross-chain service contracts/chain codes in the customer's blockchain environment. , and provides an API interface for user contracts/chaincodes to call and use. The cross-link service currently provides two types of services: ledger data access and contract message push, and their corresponding API interfaces. The ledger data access service can help user smart contracts obtain data on other blockchain ledgers, including but not limited to block headers, complete blocks, transactions, etc. The contract message push service can help communicate messages between smart contracts on different blockchains that have deployed cross-chain data services, satisfying scenarios such as cross-chain business association processing.
On May 22, 2019, Shanghai No. 1 Intermediate People's Court, Hangzhou Internet Court, Hefei Intermediate People's Court, Suzhou Intermediate People's Court, and Wuhu, Anhui Province jointly signed a letter of intent for cooperation, and will use the Hangzhou Internet Relying on the court's judicial blockchain platform, the four places are interconnected and jointly build the Yangtze River Delta judicial chain, creating a judicial-level trust mechanism with "full process records, full link credibility, and full node witness" to jointly promote judicial integration in the Yangtze River Delta region. develop. It was introduced at the meeting that the judicial blockchain operating mechanism of the Hangzhou Internet Court has become increasingly mature, and has collected 390 million pieces of electronic data. The dismissal rate of relevant cases has reached more than 96%. played an important role.
The technology provider of the judicial chain of Hangzhou Internet Court is Ant Financial Blockchain, which has the world's leading core patented technology, 20,000 TPS high-performance certificate storage capabilities, extremely high privacy security protection capabilities, and top-level security Prevention and control capabilities protect the judicial chain. Its Ant Blockchain trusted certificate storage platform supports third parties to access the judicial chain.
For example, in terms of specific aspects, the judicial chain has greatly improved the effect of users' rights protection. For example, in China, copyright protection is very backward. For example, only 5% of the pictures are genuine, and the rest are pirated. However, from the filing of the case to the trial, the first instance takes 8 months, and the compensation received is only 500. -600 yuan, but the time cost and economic cost far exceed the compensation amount. However, the emergence of the judicial chain can reduce the cost of rights protection by one to two orders of magnitude. Secondly, the judicial chain can enhance the trust of the brand. On the one hand, it enables enterprises to stand together with the judicial chain and the brands and platforms recognized by the government. On the other hand, it allows enterprises to clearly and transparently tell their business models through trust connection. users, giving users a very strong sense of trust. Entrepreneurs, in particular, can have huge traffic in the early stages. Finally, the judicial chain solves the problem of the last mile of the Internet, which greatly reduces the user's cost of use. Therefore, using the judicial chain model really upgrades the traditional business model into a trust business model.
Contributor Wang Denghui Introduction:
Copyright chain/Notarization chain project CTO of Hangzhou Habi Youshen Technology Company,
Shanghai partner of HiBlock technology community,
focuses on the "blockchain+" industry implementation and implementation plan, and hopes to preach blockchain together with industry practitioners.
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Introduction: To understand the urban area of Hangzhou The technological innovation and application implementation of the blockchain industry has promoted the development of the blockchain industry in Hangzhou. Under the guidance of the leadership of the Finance Office, the Hangzhou Blockchain Technology and Application Federation organized the Shuqin Technology Blockchain Research Institute to jointly carry out Writing work of "2018 Hangzhou Blockchain Industry Report".
In order to fully understand the situation, Hangzhou Blockchain Technology and Application Federation formed a special research team on May 28, 2018. After spending three months conducting research on nearly 30 blockchain companies in Hangzhou (nearly 20 of which were field surveys), the team mastered a large amount of first-hand information. After more than two months of writing and repeated revisions, the report was finally completed in early November.
