量子区块链技术,量子区块链概念股

❶ Does Quantum Chain (Quantum Coin) QTUM have a future? Can it be bought?

Controversial currency and well-known blockchain
Buy Quantum Chain (Quantum Coin) qtum

❷ Quantum superposition, blockchain

Chaoying Space (Entrepreneurship Forum) - (357)

Chaoying Space 2019-03-29

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1. Quantum is the smallest unit molecule, atom, photon, etc. that can show the characteristics of a certain substance or physical quantity. Microscopic particles are all the superposition and entanglement of quantum manifestations.

The quantum world follows the laws of quantum physics. The motion state, trajectory, and position of particles are probabilistic and have a superposition state.

The macroscopic world follows the laws of classical physics, and the motion state, trajectory, and position of particles are determined.

Quantum quantum superposition means that quantum can not only be in different states at the same time, but also be in a superposition of these states, that is, it can have multiple states at the same time.

2. Blockchain is a new application model of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm. The focus is on the "consensus mechanism", which is a mathematical algorithm that establishes trust between different nodes in the blockchain system and obtains rights and interests. To put it bluntly, blockchain is a new distributed infrastructure and computing paradigm that can ensure the security of data transmission and access, and uses smart contracts composed of automated script codes to program and operate.

The purpose of the website is to transmit content and information.

The purpose of blockchain is to transmit assets and proof of transactions.

The smart contract system in the blockchain can make the transactions and witnesses of any kind of assets no longer rely on the government or intermediaries, greatly reducing the cost of establishing trust.

The essence of business is transaction. What kind of tools can reduce the cost of transaction as a whole from the aspects of time, space, credit, communication, etc. At present, it seems that blockchain can push the transaction of various assets to a higher level. .

Decentralization is the design of an operating mechanism.

Liaoning Provincial Federation of Industry and Commerce Small, Medium and Micro Enterprise Entrepreneurship Chamber

President Yu Chaoying said frankly Chain
March 29, 2019

❸ What is qtum

qtum is the quantum chain currency.

Qtum Blockchain (referred to as "Quantum Chain" or "Qtum") is committed to developing a third blockchain ecosystem besides Bitcoin and Ethereum, through the Value Transfer Protocol ("Value Transfer Protocol" ) to realize point-to-point value transfer, and based on this agreement, build aA decentralized application development platform ("DApp Platform") that supports multiple industries (including finance, Internet of Things, supply chain, social networking, games, etc.).

Due to technological innovation, improved governance structure, and wide range of applications, Quantum Chain will become a public chain superior to Bitcoin and Ethereum:

1. From a technical perspective, Quantum Chain has a strong development team. By introducing Identity, Oracle and data feeds mechanisms, and being compatible with the UTXO transaction model of the Bitcoin Improvement Proposals, it has achieved The first smart contract platform based on the IPoS (Incentivized Proof of Stake) consensus mechanism. In terms of compliance, it also meets the regulatory needs of different industries.

2. From a governance perspective, Quantum Chain has established the Quantum Chain Foundation, which is committed to the development and construction of Quantum Chain, advocacy and promotion of governance transparency, and promotes the security and harmony of the open source ecological society. By formulating a good foundation governance structure, we help manage general anecdotes and privileged matters of open source community projects from multiple dimensions such as code management, financial management, and public relations, thereby ensuring the sustainability of the quantum chain and effective internal management of the foundation. and the safety of funds raised.

3. From the perspective of Quantum Chain application, Quantum Chain introduces off-chain factors through "decentralized applications" and "master control contracts" to form a blockchain master control contract that conforms to real-world business logic. Support multiple industries and channels, and ultimately implement the Go Mobile strategy. In the Quantum Chain ecosystem, we will work with third-party developers to support the provision of mobile services from the technical architecture, including: mobile wallets, mobile DApp applications, and mobile smart contract services.

4. As the most promising blockchain ecosystem, Quantum Chain perfectly combines the advantages of Bitcoin and Ethereum and solves the inherent flaws of the existing blockchain system. Quantum Chain will continue to gradually form a blockchain economy through the construction of basic platforms, as well as the development and iteration of various product development and commercialization projects, improve industry efficiency, and promote the efficient and coordinated development of society. Quantum Chain defines the blockchain economy.

❹ Quantum computing, artificial intelligence and blockchain

Quantum computing, artificial intelligence and blockchain
The next 5 to 10 years will be a new round of global technology It is a critical period when revolution and industrial change are ready to explode. With the rapid development of a new round of global technological revolution, disruptive technological innovations are surging, the most eye-catching of which include quantum computing, artificial intelligence and blockchain. Are there any connections between these disruptive technologies and traditional Chinese culture? How does it relate to basic science (e.g. mathematics, physics)? How to objectively understand these cutting-edge technologies? This special issue was published in January 2018 and won the International Science and Technology Award of the People's Republic of China.A report by Zhang Shousheng, an American theoretical physicist and foreign academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, who received the Science and Technology Cooperation Award.
Currently, quantum computing, artificial intelligence and blockchain are the three most important basic technologies in the entire information technology industry. In the future, if information technology is to truly develop by leaps and bounds, we must pay attention to basic science, which requires both physics and mathematics, because physics and mathematics are closely related to the information technology revolution.

The discovery of “angel particles” has changed the dilemma of quantum computer research and development
Before talking about quantum computing, let’s first talk about the scientific discovery story related to “angel particles”. Many interesting modern sciences It is found that they are all related to changes in philosophical concepts, including those deep-rooted ancient philosophical concepts of the Chinese nation. For example, it seems that the world has always been a world of positive and negative opposites. If there are positive numbers, there must be negative numbers. If there are yin, there must be yang. There is goodness. There must be evil. This opposing world view is also present in the physical world of elementary particles.
There was a very great theoretical physicist in history, Dirac, who combined Einstein's special theory of relativity and quantum mechanics Unified, in the process of unification, he did a very simple mathematical operation and opened a root sign. When opening the root sign, there will always be two solutions, positive and negative. Most people may only care about the "positive solution" and not care about the "positive solution". "Negative solution". Dirac explained the "negative solution" as that all particles must have antiparticles, and predicted that all particles must have antiparticles.
In 1928, no antiparticles were discovered in the physics world. Everyone raised great doubts about him, saying that his equation was definitely wrong. He insisted that his equation was correct. Five years later, he was very lucky. Sure enough, physicists found the inverse reaction of electrons in the rays of cosmic radiation. Particles are positrons, named Dirac seas.
Since then, elementary particle physics has found protons, antiprotons, neutrons, and antineutrons, and they have been applied. For example, positrons are used in the medical field It has been widely used. There is a medical test called PET, which uses positrons and negative electrons to produce images. To detect Alzheimer's disease, the best way is to do PET.
Today, Chinese people are very interested in scientific development. Very concerned. What is the biggest driving force for the development of science? I think it is curiosity about life. Theoretical physicists in history, such as Newton, discovered gravity when the apple fell under the apple tree and inspired him. . When Einstein was riding in the elevator, he felt that the up and down motion of the elevator was very similar to the effect of gravity, thus creating the great general theory of relativity.
In addition, the development of science should not be superstitious about authority. Dirac became very famous After the theoretical physicist, scientists are very convinced that if there are particles in the world, there must be antiparticles. But another great theoretical physicist, Majorana, out of curiosity, asked if there would be any in the world. Some particles do not have antiparticles? He invented the Majorana equation, which wonderfully describes that there is a particle that does not have an antiparticle, or it is its own antiparticle.
Later, the entire physics community was looking for the two coveted particles. One particle was called the "God particle", which was found in a European accelerator in 2012. Higgs, the physicist who predicted it, won the Nobel Prize and also One of them is Majorana fermion.
I work in theoretical physics, and the job of a theoretical physicist is generally to make predictions for experimental physicists to test. In 2010, my experimental group predicted that Majorana fermions could be found in a combined device. But we still need to find a signal that proves the existence of such a particle.
One day I thought that the Majorana particle had only one side and no opposite, so in a sense it was half the size of a normal particle. Our theory group made a bold prediction: Since Majorana particles are different from ordinary particles, in a sense, they are only half of ordinary particles. Therefore, its conductivity will be different. Usually the conductivity of particles is an integer multiple of 0, 1, 2, and 3, which will inevitably lead to a conductivity step that is a half-integer multiple. We predict it will have a step of 0.5 or 1/2. Later, our theoretical group worked closely with the experimental group and made experimental observations. Indeed, at 0.5, you can see that it is the original pattern of the experiment. A step appeared at 0.5, proving that Majorana The existence of fermions. We named it "Angel Particle" and everyone liked the name very much.
What is the relationship between “angel particles” and the development of information technology?
Currently computers have been divided into two categories, classical computers and quantum computers. Some problems are easy to solve by classical computers, such as multiplying two large numbers. Classic computers can calculate very quickly. But see if a number can be divided into the product of two other numbers. For example, 15 can be written as 3 times 5. If the number is relatively small, you can also calculate it yourself. But if you are given a very large number, it would take a long time for a classic computer to calculate whether the number is the product of two numbers, because the algorithm it uses is an exhaustive method, which divides all numbers that may be divided into one. After dividing the two numbers, you can finally confirm whether this is the product of two numbers. Classical computers are very slow to calculate.
Classical computers can only use exhaustive methods to finally calculate an answer. But the quantum world is a very magical world, a parallel world. For example, in a famous experiment, if I release a particle, such as a photon, it has two holes, either on the left or on the right. But there is an authentic parallelism in the quantum world. A basic particle passes through two holes at the same time at a certain moment. If it is either left or right, the image is not the displayed image.
The quantum world itself is parallel. If you use the quantum world to do calculations, you can calculate in seconds and calculate all possibilities at once, because the quantum world has its original parallelism, which is the most basic concept of quantum computing. But it is very difficult to actually build this quantum computer. For example, the most basic unit, the most basic unit of a classical computer is the bit, that is, if the information is not 0It is 1. All information can be expressed with 0 and 1. This is the concept of classical computers. But in the quantum world, a particle passes through the left hole and the right hole at the same time, and is in a certain state of superposition. A qubit cannot tell whether it is 0 or 1. It is in a state of superposition of 0 and 1. Let’s listen to an analogy: Schrödinger’s cat is in a superposition of dead and alive. This is a very wonderful phenomenon. But because of this basic phenomenon, it means that a quantum bit itself is unstable. If you look around, you will know that it is either on the left, or on the right, or 0, or 1, whatever. A piece of noise will cause great interference to the qubit.
Recently, quantum computers have become something of special concern to famous companies around the world and the United States. Google, Microsoft, IBM, and Intel are all making investments, but they cannot fundamentally solve this problem because a qubit is very unstable. One day we will be told that we have made 50 qubits, but the key question is how many useful bits are there. If there is only one useful bit, 10, 20 or even 40 or 50 qubits are often needed under the framework of this kind of quantum computing. Having the wrong bits to serve it makes quantum computing difficult to actually implement.
But the discovery of angel particles has fundamentally changed the dilemma of quantum computer research and development. This is a process from quantitative change to qualitative change. The qubit itself has the ability to correct errors, which is how I usually split a qubit into two angel particles. Normal particles have two sides, but angel particles have only one side, so angel particles are usually only half of a particle. So usually one qubit can use two angel particles to store it. Once two particles are used to store it, they are in a distant place and they are entangled with each other. In the classical world, noises are not entangled with each other. In this way, noise cannot be used to destroy the quanta stored by angel particles, so this is a revolutionary change.
So, I gave a speech at the American Physical Society not long ago, saying that angel particles are an exciting discovery. They can be used to make quantum computers with as many bits as they need. There is no need for additional error correction bits and it has its own error correction function. This will play a rapid role in the development of quantum computers.

The day robots can make scientific discoveries, that day intelligent machines will surpass humans
As a basic concept, artificial intelligence has been proposed in the 1960s. Today's artificial intelligence can develop by leaps and bounds, mainly due to the summary of many new technologies. According to the iteration of Moore's Law, it can double every 18 months. If you use quantum computing, it will not just double Moore's Law every 18 months, but completely change from quantitative to qualitative change. Human computing power has continued to grow over the years. The birth of the Internet and the Internet of Things has generated a large amount of data. Intelligent algorithms are changing by leaps and bounds. Big data can help machines learn. However, the basis of artificial intelligence is all kinds of data. No matter how good the algorithm is, no matter how powerful the computer is, it cannot become artificial intelligence without data..
Artificial intelligence, although I can see that it is advancing by leaps and bounds, I feel that it is still in its very early stages. Why do you say this? To make a simple analogy, for example, we once saw birds flying, and people also wanted to fly very much. However, in the early days, learning to fly was just simple bionics. Tie wings on human arms. This is simple bionics, but the real state of flying is Since humans have understood the first principle of flight - aerodynamics, and with the physical principles and mathematical equations, they can design the best aircraft. Today's aircraft fly high, fast and well, but they are not like birds. , this is a very core point.
Most of the current artificial intelligence is simply imitating human neurons, but what we should think more about is that there is an opportunity for a major breakthrough in basic science. We must truly understand the basic principles of wisdom and intelligence. , Only in this way can artificial intelligence truly make fundamental changes.
What kind of basis can we use to truly measure artificial intelligence’s ability to meet human standards? Some people may have heard of the Turing test. The Turing test means that a person talks to a machine, but it is not known whether the other person is a person or a machine. During the entire conversation, if you spend a day and can’t feel it at all, it means that the robot seems to have reached the level of a human. Although Turing was a great computer scientist, I do not agree with this method of judgment. Many human emotions are not rational emotions. It may not be easy for a rational machine to learn from the brain of an irrational human.
So I would like to propose a new judgment method. When will intelligent robots truly have intelligence that surpasses humans? I think the greatest thing about human beings is that we can make scientific discoveries. One day robots can really make scientific discoveries, that day machines will surpass humans.
Recently I wrote an article on artificial intelligence, which will be published in the Journal of the American Academy of Sciences. It will be mentioned in the article that the greatest scientific discoveries of mankind include relativity, quantum mechanics, etc., and are the greatest in chemistry. The discovery was the discovery of the periodic table of elements. Can an intelligent machine automatically discover the periodic table of elements without any guidance? Can it help humans discover new drugs? Can machine learning be used to discover new materials? These are the standards by which the level of artificial intelligence is judged.

To realize the coexistence and development of blockchain and artificial intelligence, they will be the most valuable
In today’s world, individuals will generate a lot of data, personal genetic data, medical data, Educational data, behavioral data, etc. are particularly needed for the development of artificial intelligence. A lot of data is held in central institutions and has not achieved true decentralization. The emergence of blockchain can create a decentralized data market.
I describe the entire concept of blockchain in one sentence, called "In Math we trust". This concept is based on mathematics. The most basic thing in the entire blockchain and the entire information technology field is basic mathematics, which can protect personal privacy in the data market and make comprehensive decisions.rational statistical calculations. For example, there is a very magical calculation method called zero-knowledge proof, which can prove to you that my data is very valuable, but it does not tell you where the truly private data is.
With blockchain, the data market can make society more equitable. The biggest injustice in modern society is that people tend to discriminate against some minorities. But what is most needed in the machine learning process is the data owned by the minority. If the accuracy of machine learning reaches 90% today, and increases from 90% to 99%, what it needs is not the data that has been learned, but different data from before. It is often a small amount of data that is most valuable for machine learning. Once our data is built on the basis of blockchain, coupled with these wonderful mathematical algorithms, we will be able to have a healthy data market. In this world, the concept of blockchain and artificial intelligence coexisting with each other will be the most valuable.
As for the entire blockchain, the public’s understanding of it is not the most fundamental first-principles understanding. In terms of the most basic physics principles, reaching a consensus is like everyone agreeing on the same "ledger". It is equivalent to that in physics, magnets are originally messy, but in the ferromagnetic state they all point in the same direction. of.
Achieving consensus also occurs in the natural world. This phenomenon is called entropy reduction. Reaching a consensus, if everyone is moving in the same direction, the entropy of this state is far smaller than the entropy of chaos. Reaching this consensus is very difficult because entropy is always increasing.
Achieving a consensus system on the blockchain uses an algorithm, which requires energy consumption. This thing sounds unreasonable, why does the account consume energy, but from the second theorem of physics, this is a very reasonable thing, because reaching a consensus itself is a decrease in entropy, but the entropy of the entire world must increase. Therefore, while reaching a consensus, other entropy must be eliminated. This non-centralized mechanism is very similar to the natural world where magnets change from a chaotic state to an ordered ferromagnetic state. It is also an inevitable trend to consume energy and pay a price.
So the ideal information world is that in the future everyone will have all their own data and it will be stored in a completely decentralized manner, so that hackers will not be able to hack everyone's data. Then using some encrypted algorithms on the blockchain can truly protect personal privacy and make good calculations, and things like the theft of many personal data in Facebook will not happen.
The problems we have to solve today in quantum computing, artificial intelligence, and blockchain technology are all problems for mankind. Chinese scientists will face great opportunities. In addition to doing a good job in applied technology, they should also have real Original basic scientific breakthroughs, such as the physical and mathematical principles introduced above, although these things sound relatively abstract, such as the principle of entropy increase, positrons and negative electrons. The wonder of the world lies in the fact that basic science can provide broad new development prospects for the entire information technology industry.