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『一』What are the applications and successful examples of blockchain?

Blockchain can be applied to all walks of life. Taking e-commerce as an example, in order to solve the problem of e-commerce Regarding the pain points of counterfeit goods, logistics, integrity, supervision, etc., major companies and platforms are also showing off their skills and tricks. Blockchain is used as one of the more feasible means, so how does it solve these problems?

First, supervise the production process of goods. When visiting online stores, the biggest worry is buying fake products, especially overseas products. In addition, there is also the price problem caused by fake products. How to buy products at reasonable prices while ensuring the authenticity is really a headache. The transparency and irreversibility of blockchain technology allow consumers to check the production place, manufacturer, raw materials, etc. of goods at any time.

Second, trace and track the transportation of goods. A series of operational activities such as supply chain, inventory, and logistics involved in e-commerce will involve multiple intermediaries. The decentralized, non-tamperable, and traceable characteristics of blockchain make the entire process transparent, and any partner can You can check the inventory and payment status, which can effectively solve the "bullwhip effect" problem in the supply chain. (Bullwhip effect: refers to a phenomenon of demand variation amplification in the supply chain. The fundamental reason for its occurrence is the lack of communication and trust mechanisms between upstream and downstream enterprises in the supply chain. Demand information is transmitted upwards along the supply chain. Keep misinterpreting.) At the same time, blockchain’s smart contracts can be used to regulate intermediaries, such as logistics and payment management partners. Simplify the huge management system to improve efficiency.

Third, guarantee product sales and after-sales service. At present, three-quarters of the transactions in China's e-commerce market are completed on the mobile terminal. Payment trust is a major problem that the platform needs to solve, and blockchain is known as a "trust machine." To give you an example, many websites Stores will fake orders or falsify data in order to get good reviews. Once the purchase information is uploaded to the chain, it cannot be tampered with to ensure authenticity. You can check the merchant's real transaction records to ensure whether the merchant is trustworthy.

Fourth, protect user privacy. The private key, public key, and encryption algorithm of the blockchain can solve this problem. Each user has his own independent address, and due to the anonymity of the blockchain, companies cannot publish or store user information and are protected from hackers. s attack.

For specific implementation, we take the two domestic e-commerce giants as examples. Alibaba has begun to introduce blockchain since 2016. First, Ant Financial launched blockchain technology to pay for charity donations, which was the first test of blockchain technology; in 2017, Ant Financial’s technology experiment The Office announced the opening of blockchain technology to support imported food safety and product authenticity traceability; in 2018, Cainiao and Tmall International announced the use of blockchain technology to track and verify cross-border transactions.This data includes the country of origin, country of shipment, loading port, mode of transportation, import port, bonded warehouse inspection and quarantine order number, customs declaration number, etc.

Logistics and product traceability are indeed a good entry point for blockchain to enter the e-commerce field. As one of the domestic e-commerce giants, JD.com is certainly not to be outdone. In 2017, JD.com announced the establishment of " Jingdong Quality Traceability Anti-Counterfeiting Alliance", united government departments at all levels to build a Jingdong blockchain anti-counterfeiting traceability platform through the alliance chain; in December of the same year, it jointly announced the establishment of the China National Engineering Laboratory for E-commerce Transaction Technology with Walmart, IBM, and Tsinghua University The first safe food blockchain traceability alliance.

『二』What Alibaba has done on the blockchain

Jack Ma: I want to know what Bitcoin can bring to society

At the two sessions, Jack Ma ...Oh, I'm sorry, Comrade Jack Ma, who doesn't want to wear a red hat, did not attend the two sessions.

So, let’s review Jack Ma’s remarks when evaluating Bitcoin:

In November 2017, Alibaba, Ant Financial and Xiongan Signed a strategic cooperation agreement to build the "Digital Xiongan Blockchain Implementation Platform". Currently, Ant Financial has provided blockchain application technology in the rental field in Xiongan. It can be said that Xiongan has become Alibaba’s first experimental field for the overall implementation of blockchain technology.

『三』Why did Jack Ma personally witness the birth of the world’s first blockchain cross-border remittance

The world’s first blockchain-based e-wallet cross-border remittance service June 25 Launched in Hong Kong - Hong Kong version of Alipay AlipayHK users can remit money to the Philippine wallet Gcash through blockchain technology.

Ant Financial stated that AlipayHK cooperated with Gcash to become the world's first e-wallet to use blockchain for the entire cross-border remittance link, and Standard Chartered Bank will be responsible for the end of the day. Fund clearing and foreign exchange exchange. Gcash users can spend immediately after receiving the payment. Cross-border remittances can also be received in real time like domestic transfers, 24/7, saving money and trouble, being safe and transparent. It can be said to have redefined "cross-border remittances".

『四』What are the cases where blockchain has been applied to the industry

1. WeBank uses blockchain technology for loan settlement
In September 2016, WeBank The banks and Shanghai Huarui Bank have launched a trial operation of an inter-bank joint loan clearing platform based on alliance blockchain technology to optimize the settlement and clearing of the "Weilidai" joint loans of the two banks. With the introduction of this blockchain system, all information is recorded on the blockchain network and cannot be tampered with. It is liquidated simultaneously during the transaction process, achieving real-time liquidation and saving a lot of manpower and material resources.
2. China UnionPay uses blockchain technology to realize cross-bank point redemption
In September 2016, China UnionPay and IBM trialled a collaboration of blockchain technology.Enjoy the points system. The use of this blockchain system allows users to redeem reward points across banks and platforms. That is to say, a user's points in one bank can be exchanged for points and rewards from other banks, or even multiple airline miles and supermarket rewards. The efficiency of using bank points has been greatly improved.
3. Toyota Motor uses blockchain technology to track auto parts
In October 2016, Toyota Motor joined the R3 Alliance and uses blockchain technology to store the production, processing and usage of each part in In the blockchain, in this way, if there is a problem with a car part, the source of the part can be easily and quickly queried.
4. Central Bank’s Blockchain Digital Bill Trading Platform
In January 2017, the blockchain-based digital bill trading platform promoted by the Central Bank was successfully tested. The introduction of digital currency for settlement can realize the simultaneous transfer of capital flow and information flow in digital bill transactions, thereby realizing DVP pay-versus-payment settlement. At the same time, the blockchain digital identity solution solves the problem of repeated KYC authentication for users between different financial institutions. It not only solves the problem of keeping the information of parties unrelated to the transaction confidential in the amount of digital bill transactions, but also ensures that regulatory parties such as the securities exchange have a see-through mechanism when necessary.
5. Ant Financial Blockchain Application
In August 2017, Ant Financial’s blockchain technology tested the waters of insurance and helped Xinmei Life Insurance Co., Ltd. launch the first charity rescue account in the domestic insurance industry. Blockchain technology makes every fund flow open and transparent, every fund flow data cannot be tampered with, and the whereabouts and use of every fund can be traced. In November of the same year, Ant Blockchain was used for food safety traceability and product authenticity traceability. Currently, users only need to scan the milk powder produced in Australia and New Zealand and China's Moutai to know whether it is genuine.
There are many other domestic and foreign cases. These successful cases all indicate that the application of blockchain technology is gradually being implemented and promoted, and is favored by various industries. Along with this, many blockchain technology companies have sprung up, all wanting to get a share of this field. However, after the People's Bank of China and other seven ministries and commissions issued the "Announcement on Preventing Financing Risks of Token Issuance"), as the difficulty of registration increased, more and more intermediary industry chain-type shell companies have practical applications. Companies are few and far between.
In addition, the security technical issues of blockchain have always attracted much attention and controversy. Blockchain currently faces five major security issues: the security of the underlying code, the security of the cryptographic algorithm, the security of the consensus mechanism, the security of smart contracts and the security of digital wallets.

『五』What are the main businesses of Ant Group?

The main businesses of Ant Group include Alipay, Huabei, Jiebei, Ant Financial Cloud, Yu’ebao, Zhaocaibao, and Ant Da Guests, ants gathering treasure, etc. The ones we are most familiar with are Alipay, Yu'e Bao, Huabei, Jiebei, etc., because we often use these four in our lives. Jack Ma holds 80% of the voting rights in Ant Group, so he is still firmly regarded by Jack MaControlled.

The main business we know about Ant Group is Alipay. Both buyers and sellers need to use Alipay for quick payment. There are many services in the Alipay app, the most common ones are citizen center services, transportation services, etc. So it has quite a lot of business sectors.

『Lu』Ant Group has released another blockbuster blockchain application. Can it create another "Alipay"?

Prior to this, Alibaba has also repeatedly announced that it will release "Alipay" today. Disruptive products”. So, what pain points can Trusple solve? What are the application prospects? What difficulties and obstacles does the promotion of Trusple currently face?

Another “Alipay”

“Same as Alipay’s original intention of launching secured transactions, Trusple also aims to solve the problem of transaction trust. The difference is that since blockchain technology is solving With outstanding features in trust in complex processes, Trusple better meets the needs of solving trust in international trade." said Jiang Guofei, Vice President of Ant Group and President of the Intelligent Technology Business Group.

Specifically, on the Trusple platform, when a buyer and seller generate a trade order, it is automatically uploaded to the chain and begins to circulate. The bank will automatically pay based on the payment terms agreed upon in the order, avoiding the traditional model. Sellers need to urge buyers to transfer money offline, and at the same time, they can also prevent the frequent malicious delay in payment time. Buyers can also obtain financial services such as account terms based on real orders on the chain, which greatly improves capital utilization and procurement efficiency.

For buyers and sellers, every successful transaction on Trusple is a deposit of "on-chain credit". When a company has financing needs, financial institutions can submit a verification request to the Trusple platform to determine the authenticity of the company's trade. In this way, on the one hand, it reduces the financial service risks of banks and other financial institutions, and at the same time, it also revitalizes the survival and operating capabilities of small and medium-sized enterprises.

It is understood that five banks, including BNP Paribas, Citibank, DBS Bank, Deutsche Bank and Standard Chartered Bank, have become Trusple’s first partners.

How complex is traditional trade finance business? The following is the bank's letter of credit business flow chart:

As can be seen from the above, the traditional international trade financing model is not only complex in process, but also requires high service fees from banks. If there is a blockchain trade settlement platform and a trade settlement contract is developed, the exporter directly places the advance payment in the smart contract. When the exporter's goods arrive at the destination, the system verifies that the documents are qualified and then triggers the smart contract to release the money to the exporter. Not only is the process simple and the service fee is low, but more importantly, it can reduce the capital occupation cycle and improve capital efficiency.

"This is the case with Trusple currently launched by Ant Group, and Ant Chain also supports smart contracts." Li Lianxuan said.

To sum up, the difference between traditional cross-border trade and Trusple is centralization and decentralization. In the traditional trade model, banks serve as the center, providing transaction credit or financing facilities to buyers and sellers to ensure the smooth progress of transactions. The "credit" in this is the bank's third-party credit. As for the trust model of blockchain, its "credit" comes from the blockchain itself and does not require a third-party intermediary.

Facing two major obstacles

The launch of Trusple also fulfilled a long-cherished wish of Ali for 19 years.

As early as 2001, Alibaba B2B Company tried to use a model similar to an intermediary guarantee to solve the problem of mutual distrust between buyers and sellers in foreign trade transactions, but was unable to do so due to technical constraints at the time. Two years later, the emergence of Alipay solved the trust problem among C2C business users. However, because transactions between enterprises are much more complex than between individuals, and payment methods and logistics methods are also very different, the plan 19 years ago has been shelved to this day. Until the emergence of blockchain provides new solutions. For this reason, Alibaba calls the launch of Trusple a major launch comparable to the birth of Alipay.

It is worth noting that although Trusple has similar functions to Alipay, both are designed to solve the trust problem between different subjects, but the solution ideas are completely opposite. Trusple aims to eliminate middle links and disintermediate, while Alipay is the largest intermediary with 1 billion users. Trusple only targets B-side users in cross-border trade, so it seems to be fine with Alipay for now. So if similar products are used in domestic C2C e-commerce scenarios in the future, it will revolutionize Alipay's life.

Alibaba’s blockchain layout

Blockchain is based on the characteristics of decentralization, openness and transparency, information traceability, anti-tampering, automatic execution of smart contracts, etc., and is a natural solution to trust issues. weapon. As The Economist said: Blockchain will become a “trust machine.” Therefore, Jack Ma said that Alibaba without blockchain would "die".

Jack Ma’s words are not alarmist. Alipay, which started as an e-commerce company, has played a key role in solving the trust issue between consumers and merchants in online transactions. It can be said that without Alipay, Alibaba would not have the e-commerce empire it has today. “Over the past decade or so, we have continued to promote the construction of trust mechanisms through technology and innovation,” Ant Group said in its IPO prospectus.

To this end, as early as 2015, Alibaba established a blockchain team and began to invest in blockchain research and development. In October 2017, Ant Financial (the predecessor of Ant Group) released the "BASIC Strategy" (blockchain, artificial intelligence, security, Internet of Things, cloud computing). In July this year, just before Ant Group applied for listing on the Science and Technology Innovation Board, Ant Blockchain was officially upgraded to "Ant Chain". Jack Ma personally named Ant Chain, which shows its status in the Alibaba ecosystem.

Today, Alibaba has implemented more than 50 blockchain application scenarios. Ant Chain is technically able to support 1 billion account sizes, and can also support 1 billion daily transactions and achieve 100,000 cross-chain transactions per second. Information Processing Power (PPS).

In April this year, Ant’s “Open Alliance Chain” was officially launched, fully opening up its blockchain technology and application capabilities to small and medium-sized enterprises. Subsequently, the implementation of related blockchain applications further accelerated. In July, the Ant Chain all-in-one machine was released, which can save more than 90% of blockchain deployment time for government and enterprise developers; on September 18, it was opened to the public including data security computing hardware, The privacy and security "three-piece package" of 3D contract security services and data privacy computing services; Trusple is released today.

In terms of research and development, Alibaba’s blockchain patent applications have ranked first in the world for four consecutive years, and its self-developed cross-chain technology has also been recognized as an international standard.

According to the website of the Shanghai Stock Exchange, Ant Group’s Science and Technology Innovation Board IPO has entered the “submission for registration” stage. "After listing, the most important thing for Ant Group is to invest in technology. In the future, it will focus on the research and development of five major technical fields: artificial intelligence, risk management, security, blockchain, computing and technical infrastructure." Hu Xiaoming, CEO of Ant Group, said.

『撒』 What are the applications of blockchain

1. Blockchain + product traceability
This year’s Tmall Double 11. Ant Blockchain used blockchain for the first time to trace the origin of 160 million commodities.
JD.com and 7FRESH use blockchain to ensure the quality of hydroponic vegetables.
Carrefour’s blockchain product Guanxi Honey Pomelo is launched.
2. Blockchain + Electronic Invoice
The Shenzhen Taxation Bureau of the State Administration of Taxation has opened up the WeChat payment platform and launched the "WeChat payment blockchain electronic invoice" function. In October this year, WeChat Pay electronic blockchain invoices were used on a trial basis at some merchants in Shenzhen. The official launch this time means that all merchants in Shenzhen who have opened WeChat Pay can log in to their own WeChat Pay merchant platform to directly activate the blockchain electronic invoice function.
3. Blockchain + Law
The judicial blockchain of the Internet Court is online, and the electronic evidence stored on the chain has legal effect. The Hangzhou court used blockchain to adopt key evidence, which was used by a technology company in Shenzhen on its website. The technology company then became the defendant.
4. Blockchain + Content

The first exemplary vertical content social DAPP based on the Ulord public chain. It is the world's first decentralized experience value based on the ulord public chain. The sharing platform allows users to receive corresponding rewards while creating, sharing, and disseminating experience value, stimulating value re-creation and forming a virtuous cycle of content ecology.
5. Blockchain + Insurance
Ant Financial announced the first mutual aid case of the online mutual aid program "Huang Hubao". A 5-year-old girl from Shanghai received a serious illness mutual aid fund of 300,000 yuan.For all participants, the average share per person is NT$0.03. In addition to case details, in order to ensure information openness and transparency, the public notice also issued medical diagnosis certificates, discharge summaries, surgical records and other information, and stored the data on the blockchain.
6. Blockchain + Health
The health energy chain based on the Ulord public chain is currently in internal testing.
7. Blockchain + Intelligent Manufacturing
Blockchain + Intelligent Manufacturing Well-known domestic and foreign companies such as Alibaba, JD.com, and IBM have begun to get involved in the blockchain + intelligent manufacturing business. IBM cooperated with Blue Ocean Camel to build a blockchain + foreign trade supply chain intelligent platform, Alibaba Cloud launched its own enterprise-level blockchain service BaaS (Blockchain as a Service), JD.com’s blockchain service platform Zhizhen Chain, etc.

『8』 In which cities are digital currencies being trialled and why are these cities chosen?

In early 2014, the People’s Bank of China established a special research group on legal digital currencies to demonstrate the issuance of legal digital currencies by the central bank. feasibility. On January 29, 2017, the central bank officially established the Digital Currency Research Institute. After successfully developing a legal digital currency prototype, the Central Bank Digital Currency Research Institute attempted to deploy institutions in multiple locations across the country and realize financial development technology research results through integration with R&D institutions and industries. In 2018, the Central Bank’s Digital Currency Research Institute settled in Nanjing and Shenzhen. In 2019, the central bank’s digital currency publicly announced that it would be piloted in Shenzhen, Suzhou, Chengdu, and Xiongan.

01

Shenzhen has supported digital currency research since 2016.

On October 6, 2017, the Xiongan New Area Management Committee held a special meeting to study the big data management system and mechanism and "digital The basic idea of ​​​​the construction of "Xiongan" and fully promote the construction of "Digital Xiongan". Not long after the meeting was held, various companies took notice and worked hard to build Xiongan New Area into a "testing ground" for innovation.

On October 14, 2017, Peng Yijie, vice president of Ant Financial and partner of Alibaba Group, and his delegation went to Xiongan New Area to report on the blockchain construction plan. Peng Yijie’s evaluation of Xiongan New Area was: building blocks The best soil for the chain. On November 8 of the same year, Xiongan New Area held a matchmaking meeting with Alibaba Group. Alibaba and Ant Financial will undertake the construction of the digital Xiongan blockchain infrastructure platform and are expected to be the first to test the waters in the rental scenario.

On November 23, 2017, Tencent and Xiongan New Area signed a financial technology strategic cooperation agreement. The two parties established the Tencent (Xiongan) Financial Technology Laboratory to pilot big data in the new area.Financial black technologies such as risk control systems and blockchain services based on Tencent Cloud.

On April 21, 2018, Hebei Xiongan New Area released the "Hebei Xiongan New Area Planning Outline" proposing to develop high-end high-tech industries and advance the development and testing of blockchain, terahertz, cognitive computing and other technologies. . Blockchain was written into the "Hebei Xiong'an New Area Planning Outline". A technology with far-reaching influence and far-reaching influence began to grow together with a rising digital city that shoulders a historical mission.

On June 8, 2018, China Academy of Information and Communications Technology and Xiongan New Area signed a strategic cooperation agreement. The two parties will build a scientific research base in the field of information and communications in Xiongan New Area and provide development strategic planning, standards and policies for the construction of the new area. Formulate and other comprehensive support services, focusing on building a comprehensive service platform for Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei high-tech innovation and mass entrepreneurship and innovation demonstration base in the fields of 5G, industrial Internet, artificial intelligence, blockchain, network security, military-civilian integration, and Internet of Vehicles to promote industrial innovation develop.

On June 28, 2018, Xiongan New Area and 360 Group officially signed a strategic cooperation. 360 Group will give full play to its advantages in network security, big data, artificial intelligence, blockchain and other technical fields, Provide comprehensive network security services to build a safe and reliable "Digital Xiongan".

On July 23, 2018, China Xiongan Group signed a memorandum of understanding with the blockchain technology company ConsenSys. ConsenSys founder Joseph Lubin and others proposed to China Xiongan Group on how to use blockchain technology. Suggestions, hoping to apply its knowledge and experience in the blockchain ecosystem to Xiongan’s projects and support Xiongan’s innovative development model.

On December 21, 2018, Bank of Communications Hebei Xiongan Branch was unveiled. The branch will rely on the professional R&D team and strong R&D strength of the head office, and rely on financial business processing, artificial intelligence, blockchain, big data, cloud computing and other financial technology platforms to continuously innovate financial business models and contribute to building a green and smart Xiongan. , Digital Xiongan will make greater contributions.

On May 8, 2019, ICBC Technology Co., Ltd., a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, opened in Xiongan New Area and became the headquarters of a banking financial technology company located in Xiongan New Area. ICBC Technology and the Xiongan New Area Administrative Committee signed the "Financial Technology Cooperation Memorandum". The Xiongan New Area Administrative Committee officially launched the operation of the Xiongan relocation and resettlement fund management blockchain platform. It will apply ICBC's blockchain technology to realize expropriation and relocation. Full-process on-chain management of original file migration and penetrating fund allocation.

On December 25, 2019, Everbright Bank and China Xiongan Group Digital City Company jointly built a "Digital Financial Technology Laboratory" in Xiongan New Area, which will be based on the strategic needs and informatization construction of Xiongan New Area. Guide and gradually create a highland for blockchain commercial application research, technological innovation and talent training.

On March 31, 2020, the Xiongan Blockchain Laboratory was officially unveiled. The Xiongan Blockchain Laboratory has three major goals: to become a new highland for blockchain research and application, and to become an open Frontier innovation base, explorationDiscover a new model of laboratory economy. On the third anniversary of the establishment of Xiongan New Area, the Xiongan Blockchain Laboratory has special significance. This marks that the Xiongan New Area’s blockchain innovation practice has entered the stage of organization and large-scale implementation, marking that the Xiongan New Area’s digital The simultaneous planning and construction of urban and physical cities has opened a new chapter.

Xiong’an New District, a digital urban forest cultivated from seed, is naturally suitable for the central bank’s digital currency pilot. Xiongan on the top, Shenzhen on the bottom, Chengdu on the left, and Suzhou on the right. We look forward to piloting the central bank’s digital currency in these four places and growing flowers that will spread around the world.