区块链ceg项目,区块链项目介绍

❶ What are the applications of blockchain technology?

Blockchain has become popular, so what are the application areas of blockchain?

At present, the most extensive and successful application of blockchain technology is the digital currency represented by Bitcoin. Digital currency has developed rapidly in recent years. Due to the characteristics of decentralized credit and frequent transactions, it has a high transaction value and can maintain a relatively stable price through the development of hedging financial derivatives as a quasi-super-sovereign currency.

Financial institutions are the most willing to explore blockchain applications and need new technologies to improve operational efficiency and reduce costs to cope with the current status of the entire global economy. Objectively speaking, the market space in the financial industry is huge, and a little progress can bring huge benefits. The financial industry is an industry with extremely high requirements for security and stability. If the application of blockchain in the financial field is verified, it will have a huge demonstration effect and be quickly promoted in other industries. In the financial field, in addition to digital currency applications, blockchain has gradually begun to be applied in cross-border payments, supply chain finance, insurance, digital bills, asset securitization, bank credit reporting and other fields.

As the application of blockchain technology in the financial field continues to be verified, its technical advantages are gradually showing value in other industries. At present, blockchain application projects are gradually being implemented in fields such as medical and health, IP copyright, education, culture and entertainment, communications, charity, social management, sharing economy, and the Internet of Things, and "blockchain" is becoming a reality.

(1) Blockchain medical care: In the medical field, blockchain can use its anonymity, decentralization and other characteristics to protect patient privacy. Electronic health (EHR), DNA wallet, drug anti-counterfeiting, etc. are all possible application areas of blockchain technology. IBM predicted in last year's report that 56% of medical institutions around the world will invest in blockchain technology by 2020.

(2) Blockchain Internet of Things: The Internet of Things is a very broad concept. If communications, energy management, supply chain management, sharing economy, etc. are included, the Internet of Things with blockchain technology Application will become a very important application field.

(3) Blockchain IP copyright & cultural entertainment: Since the Internet became popular, digital music, digital books, digital videos, digital games, etc. have gradually become mainstream. The rise of the knowledge economy has made intellectual property rights a core element of market competition. However, intellectual property infringement is serious in the current Internet ecosystem, and the copyright protection of digital assets has become a pain point in the industry. Blockchain features disintermediation, consensus mechanism, and non-tampering. Blockchain technology can effectively integrate all aspects of the cultural and entertainment value chain, accelerate circulation, and shorten the value creation cycle; at the same time, it can realize the value of digital content Transfer, and ensure that the transfer process is credible, auditable and transparent, effectively preventing piracy and other behaviors. Blockchain public services & education: In the fields of public services, education, charity and public welfare, file management, identity (qualification) certification, public trust, etc.Problems such as any and all exist objectively. The traditional method is to rely on a credible third party for credit endorsement, but problems such as fraud and deficiencies still exist.

❷ What is blockchain and how to make money with blockchain

Blockchain is a term in the field of information technology. In essence, it is a shared database, and the data or information stored in it has the characteristics of "unforgeable", "full traces left", "traceable", "open and transparent" and "collectively maintained". Based on these characteristics, blockchain technology has laid a solid foundation of "trust" and created a reliable "cooperation" mechanism, which has broad application prospects.
The ways to make money in the blockchain are as follows:
1. Coin speculation. Coin speculation is like stock speculation. Coin speculation is the lowest threshold for making money in the blockchain;
2. Vendors, district Blockchain is a global market. Like small traders, you can move from a low-price platform to a high-price platform to sell and earn the difference;
3. Earn commissions for promotion. The blockchain method is to register first Exchange account, generate your own invitation link, and then promote it. If someone registers the exchange through your link and generates transactions, you can get a commission;
4. Mining, "mining" in Bitcoin is The accounting process;
5. Technical support, providing blockchain technical support to some teams and enterprises;
6. Opening a trading website and charging handling fees;
7. Developing wallets and wallets It is the infrastructure of the blockchain, just like the "Alipay" or "WeChat Pay" of the blockchain;
8. Be a blockchain project or infrastructure equipment supplier.

Warm reminder: The above explanation is for reference only and does not make any suggestions. There are risks in entering the market, so investment needs to be cautious. Before making any investment, you should ensure that you fully understand the investment nature of the product and the risks involved. After understanding and carefully evaluating the product, you can make your own judgment on whether to participate in the transaction.
Response time: 2020-12-02. For the latest business changes, please refer to the official website of Ping An Bank.
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❸ Energy Blockchain Research丨Four Major Blockchain development trend that is expected to become an "evergreen tree"

Blockchain technology continues to develop and expand to adapt to the needs of the financial market and the Internet market, and continues to provide digital solutions for them. By integrating blockchain technology in Web3 technology, we are developing decentralized finance (DeFi) services and decentralized applications (DApps) to enhance the digital ecosystem.

Experts estimate that by integrating blockchain technology and solutions, banks can save $12 billion or more annually. The United Nations also uses blockchain technology to solve problems related to human rights violations and fund international humanitarian aid.promote ethical development and promote environmentally friendly blockchain ecosystem innovation.

One of the challenges with blockchain trends is that they are fleeting because the industry is constantly evolving. Therefore, some companies and developers often have questions about the development of a certain blockchain project. However, after diligent research and analysis, we found that the following four projects have the potential to become “evergreen” blockchain development trends. What’s more, these four projects are actively providing blockchain solutions to developers in the decentralized finance and decentralized application industries.

1

Blockchain Applications in Enterprises

Developers who want to create high-quality decentralized applications can do so with Jelurida's flagship blockchain Solutions "NXT and Ardor" to build scalable applications that meet market needs. To put it simply, Jelurida is working hard to seamlessly connect physical companies and enterprises with the blockchain industry. Imagine, is a blockchain without practical application still a blockchain?

Futurecoin is the world's first open source blockchain platform that relies entirely on Proof of Stake (PoS) consensus. Proof of Stake is an algorithm based on Byzantine fault tolerance that eliminates computational loss in the Proof of Work (PoW) model and improves transaction security.

Developers can leverage the Futurecoin framework to build and save custom blockchain solutions and create reliable exchanges for tokens. On the other hand, AdoCoin’s sub-chain functionality allows organizations to build permissionless blockchain digital solutions and run smart contracts.

By using these solutions and Ignis, Jelurida has achieved some success. Unlike some blockchain companies, Jelurida has achieved all milestones in its development path and currently operates in several countries on three continents.

Currently, Jelurida has many real-life projects running on its platform, one of which is Cycle4Value, an environmentally friendly gamification system that can control traffic conditions and improve public health.

2

Gaming and Non-Fungible Token Development

Enjin is for blockchain developers in the gaming and non-fungible token industry is another promising advance that provides creative developers with the opportunity to create the next generation of decentralized software and applications. Enjin powers real-world projects in the medical, political, financial, and entertainment sectors, and is proud to provide blockchain solutions to millions of users. The project has a market capacity of nearly 45 million, more than 2 million wallets have been installed, and more than 1 billion assets have been created.

One of the real-life projects built on Enjin "Go! By Health Hero" is a future currency-based solution that promotes the development of health-related projects and services. This project is currently very popular. Other projects include Microsoft's Azure Heroes, "Lost Relics" and game-oriented "Age of Corruption" for players.

Currently, Enjin is deeply cooperating with the emerging future currency industry. It is expected that as the industry further develops in the future, Enjin will play an important role in the industry.

3

Speed ​​and data security

When a developer wants to create decentralized blockchain services with scalability and reliability, speed and security is the basic factor he needs to consider. Elrond has done this. It can process more than 10,000 transactions in one second, which is 100 times faster than the processing speed of Bitcoin and Ethereum combined.

This are some "evergreen" trends we need in the next few years.

Elrond uses an adaptive state sharding mechanism to support fast verification and transaction processing. Like Jelurida, Elrond uses proof of stake to save resources and improve Transaction security.

With over 90,000 active accounts and a large number of development projects, it’s no surprise that Elrond’s ecosystem valuation has jumped from $10 million to $500 million. Elrond in It has a presence in around 30 countries and counts more than 115 companies and startups among its customers.

4

Environmentally Friendly Systems

Cudos is a broadband block A blockchain platform that powers blockchain projects by integrating the computing resources of developers and users around the world. As a network for developers to share and sell common resources, the platform is able to lead the blockchain with reliability and scalability on the Internet Project. Developers can build and launch decentralized applications, mine cryptocurrency and share network fees.

Gaming and non-fungible token developers and marketplaces, including other related blockchain businesses , you can use the Cudos framework to create high-quality and secure decentralized solutions and products. The Cudos ecosystem is committed to providing developers with cheaper, more convenient, reusable and environmentally friendly blockchain solutions; providing organizations with cloud computing Based on blockchain solutions; introducing innovative solutions into the Web3 framework, allowing developers to create the next generation of decentralized applications.

Cudos recently partnered with ClimateTrade, a blockchain-based carbon credit company Cooperate to offset their carbon dioxide emissions. The world is currently affected by the negative impacts of climate change, and businesses and individuals have a responsibility to quickly slow down and ultimately reverse this impact.

“

Conclusion

Committed to the next generationBlockchain platforms for blockchain services and businesses should take measures to address environmental pollution issues, thereby creating an eco-friendly environment for blockchain digital solutions.

National Energy Information Platform contact number: 010-65367702, email: [email protected], address: People's Daily, No. 2 Jintai West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing

❹ Now available Which blockchain projects are worth investing in?

Nowadays, blockchain has been vilified by many investors. When it comes to blockchain, the first reaction of many people is that they are scammers. In fact, blockchain has now begun to study practical applications in many industries, such as logistics, medical care, etc. If you invest, you can start with application implementation, but the cost is too high and the technical requirements are relatively high. The other is mining. Although the income will be slower, it is still relatively stable. Don't believe in all kinds of stocks with high profits and high returns. The greater the temptation, the deeper the pit.

❺ The implementation of blockchain technology development and blockchain projects will gradually affect our lives

Blockchain is a distributed shared accounting technology. Allow all parties involved to establish a trusting relationship at the technical level.
Blockchain can be roughly divided into two levels: one is the underlying technology of the blockchain; the other is the upper-layer application of the blockchain, that is, the transformation, optimization or innovative application based on the blockchain.

❻ Does blockchain really have development prospects?

There is no doubt that blockchain has development prospects, and the necessary condition for development prospects is to enter the mainstream market.

Matt Spoke, founder and CEO of North American blockchain infrastructure The OAN (formerly Aion Network), published an article in Forbes on July 24 titled "In order to successfully enter the mainstream market, blockchain projects must "Eat Dog Food", in which Matt mentioned his views on how blockchain should enter the mainstream market - "Eat Dog Food".

In the technology circle, there is a jargon called "dogfooding" (also known as eating your own dog food), which refers to a company using its own products and becoming a user of its own products. Many high-growth companies (such as Microsoft, Facebook, Amazon, Apple, Netflix and Google) also use dog food to test products or help build credibility for their products. Although "eating dog food" is often used to find and fix bugs, it has another value: creating reliable use cases for the company's products.

This is worth learning from blockchain projects, because blockchain projects often hold the idea of ​​"if it is built, they (users) will naturally come" and habitually create new and interesting things. Responsibility for blockchain applications is given to third parties.

This attitude is so common that even the well-known blockchain summit Consensus 2019 (2019 Consensus Conference) also held a conference titled "Build it, and they (users) will naturally come: Build it""Build a Global Blockchain Center" roundtable forum to discuss how governments around the world can make efforts to attract blockchain projects while balancing regulatory, investment and innovation needs.

To be fair, this strategy It may be effective for blockchains that only target people in the currency circle. For security tokens, especially exchanges that trade such representatives, it makes even more sense - "supply creates demand" in This is the usual thinking, especially given the complex infrastructure required to implement these transactions.

In contrast, "eating dog food" is more likely to be used by those seeking mainstream audiences (such as the financial industry, Adopted by developers of blockchain projects targeting audiences in fields such as manufacturing and supply chain, identity management, etc. If blockchain technology wants to break into these mainstream fields, blockchain companies must first “eat dog food”. This will not only make it clear It proves that blockchain technology is feasible outside the currency circle, and it can also highlight that blockchain can not only optimize existing use cases, but also create new use cases.

The OAN team has always adhered to this Based on a concept and relying on the technology stack of The OAN and Aion built over the years, Moves, a financial technology platform for independent workers, was developed.

Matt said that when developing and developing the Moves product, , the team hopes that the relevant functions of The OAN blockchain network can be fully utilized, so the focus will be on the following three aspects:

1. How to use The OAN blockchain network to improve the product Credit efficiency.

There are two main considerations for improving credit efficiency: 1) Can Zheng Lu learn from the mechanisms of the DeFi market to reduce capital costs; 2) Can blockchain technology be used to increase the outside world’s understanding of Moves? Trust in the credit granting process. Here, Moves will form a mechanism to "gather the wisdom of the crowd" so that everyone can contribute to reducing credit risks and increasing the credibility of the credit granting process, and may even develop a system in the future. A micro-guarantee mechanism. Therefore, users will be able to participate in the market established by the platform as borrowers, lenders or guarantors.

2. How to align the interests of products with users.

Specifically, by connecting Moves to The OAN network, and with the help of the digital asset Aion, a relationship of consistent interests is formed between the product and the user, so that the user can personally experience the success of Moves product development. , and can also directly participate in the blockchain network that supports Moves - The OAN.

3. How to use Moves to create a pioneering financial reputation data open system.

This This kind of open system may become a replacement for traditional credit scores or related mechanisms. For years, banks and financial institutions have used scores from Equifax, FICO or other similar institutions as risk indicators, and the Moves team believes that the product it is building will be A good start - aThe beginning of a more complete and modern financial credit system. This is a long-term goal.

Moves supports mainstream ride-sharing, food delivery and other gig economy concept platforms in North America and will be the flagship open application developed by The OAN on its blockchain network. In June, Moves' business operations expanded from Ontario to two more provinces - Alberta and British Columbia, and into Western Canada.

The various measures taken by The OAN team are all based on the spirit of "eating dog food" and working hard to allow blockchain technology to enter the mainstream market as soon as possible. Blockchain is not for the niche, but for the mainstream. In addition to The OAN team, many projects and institutions in the blockchain industry are also moving towards this goal. With such an excellent and targeted blockchain, what can you do? Are you saying there is no development prospect?

❼ What is blockchain and how to make money with blockchain

What is blockchain

With the popularity of blockchain, there are also some domestic Branch companies began to claim to have developed products with blockchain technology under the banner of blockchain. For most people, although they hear more topics about blockchain, few people actually understand blockchain. chain, so what is the arrival of blockchain?

Simply put, we can understand the blockchain as a public ledger. I believe everyone is familiar with the account book mentioned. Whether it is a company or an individual, it will keep accounts. In the traditional accounting method, there will be a person who specializes in accounting, and there will be a unified account book. The account book will be kept by the account keeper. Blockchain technology is a kind of "decentralized" and "trustless" distributed accounting, that is, there is no central ledger and no unique accountant. All people can participate in accounting. Once the accounting is successful, everyone can participate in accounting. Everyone who makes an account has an account book, which can prevent the account book from being modified or the accounting data being lost.

Let’s take an example: When people usually shop on Taobao, because they don’t know much about Taobao merchants, we need to use a third-party platform, Alipay, to build trust between buyers and sellers. , and blockchain technology means that we no longer need a center like Alipay to build trust between buyers and sellers. After the transaction, both parties will notify someone to help record the transaction. Everyone has recorded the transaction, and everyone has Have a ledger. This is the decentralized and trustless accounting method of blockchain technology.

How to make money in blockchain

1. Coin speculation. BitBit, which has been very popular in recent years, is the earliest project to apply blockchain technology. The lowest threshold way to make money in blockchain is to speculate on coins. Investors can make reasonable use of time and other factors to buy and sell digital currencies. Earn the difference. Although this method is used by many people, I would like to remind everyone here that there are risks in currency speculation, and everyone needs to invest cautiously.

2.Mining. Obtain digital currency through mining. For example, in Bitcoin mining, miners need professional mining machines. The process of "mining" is actually accounting. When the accounting is successful, the miner will receive Bitcoin as a reward.

Although blockchain projects are very popular in the market, there are also many scams using blockchain to defraud people. At present, blockchain is still in its infancy, and blockchain technology is still in its infancy. If it is not perfect enough, blockchain investment is also risky, so everyone needs to be cautious when investing.

❽ The most popular blockchain project at the moment

The history of digital currencies has developed for more than ten years since the birth of Bitcoin in 2009, with tens of thousands of them appearing around the world. The blockchain project has experienced the blockchain 1.0 and 2.0 eras. The blockchain is about to enter the 3.0 era, that is, the era of token economy. The emergence of commercial platforms has made the 'token economy' possible and brought about the development of productivity. and the transformation of production relations.

Based on this background, NGK Token came into being. The platform has many technologically leading R&D elites and strong support from many powerful investment companies. It is regulated by the SEC Securities and Exchange Commission in the United States. .

The NGK.I0 team has been concentrating on researching and launching a profit method that combines the NGK blockchain digital currency fund and industrial ecology since 2018 to comprehensively create a more complete business ecosystem and will surely lead the blockchain industry again. Chain Market

NGK Pass is a barrier-free pass on the NGK.IO platform, thereby connecting online and offline merchants from all walks of life and realizing commercial applications. It not only helps the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, but also leverages It has moved the levers of the Internet economy and promoted the development of the real economy

NGK.IO has a built-in Turing-complete programming language, which users can use to construct and define their own various characteristics and develop their own Applications and the Hongmeng blockchain system can issue their own currencies.

NGK.IO also has side chains that can be customized with one click. NGK.IO provides proprietary cross-chain and cross-contract technology. The main chain and side chain are linked together. Whether it is contract assets on NGK.IO or assets not on NGK.IO, they can be freely traded through the cross-chain and cross-smart contract technology of NGK.IO. Complete value transfer and exchange.

And NGK.IO does not need to consume GAS at every step like Ethereum when running smart contracts, which makes it possible for users to use Dapps for free, which is more in line with the free use of Internet products. A business model that relies on value-added services and advertising to make profits

So we can think that Dapps developed based on NGK.IO are real Dapps.

The design goal of NGK.I0 is that TPS exceeds 1 million, and it is proposed that the block confirmation time of NGK.IO will reach 3 seconds. Therefore, NGK.IO will have very excellent performance and is expected to change the current situation where blockchain technology cannot be implemented

From this we can foresee that in the future, many blockchain entrepreneurial projects will choose to issue tokens based on NGK.IO, develop a large number of Dapps that can be implemented, and attract hundreds of millions of users to use

NGK.IO is expected to form The rich and complete business ecosystem also generates a large demand for trading tokens.

NGK.IO makes full use of the blockchain and the NGK.IO ecosystem to establish a secure, verifiable, fair, decentralized, trustless, and borderless business and financial block. The chain system provides innovative enterprise teams with financial services and industry incubation services such as industrial funds, Internet funds, blockchain funds, Internet of Things and artificial intelligence, and creates a world-class ecological business closed loop.

And through cross-chain, value exchange can be formed for different consumption scenarios, providing certain technical strength for the commercialization process of the global "token economy"!

❾ How should ordinary people invest in blockchain projects

Blockchain assets are the most popular investment type in recent times, and Quantum Chain crowdfunding has turned heads. 30 times, there are also DAOs that have been delisted due to hacker attacks, and there are also Xiaoyi shares that have doubled 1,000 times in three years! So how to invest? Experienced industry insiders all support one investment method: fixed investment + diversified allocation.
1. How to determine investment?
1. Why do you want to invest? Because no one can be sure where the bottom is, the blockchain is high-risk and high-return, and only through fixed investment can the risk be reduced.
2. What kind of assets are worthy of fixed investment?
The first is the hard currency Bitcoin, the second is the widely used Ethereum, and the third is a new currency with good credit endorsement. The team background must be strong!
3. When will the investment be scheduled?
You can make fixed investments every week, every two weeks, or every month. If you find it troublesome to make fixed investments every month, then I suggest you stop making money and just go to sleep.
4. How much investment is required?
The advice of blockchain guru Laomao is to range from 10% to 30% of your disposable assets. I will calculate it here as 20%. For example, if you have disposable assets of 100,000 yuan, and you can allocate 3,000 yuan from your income for investment every month, and your fixed investment cycle is two years, then your total investable funds are: 100,000 * 20% +3000*24=92,000 yuan, divided by 24 months, you can make a fixed investment of 3,833 yuan per month and 958 yuan per week.
Second, diversify investment.
After listening to the sharing of masters such as Laomao, the blockchain asset recommendation is: 50% Bitcoin + 15% ETH + 15% your favorite small currency + 20% crowdfunding new currency.
Mainstream coins have low risk and low returns. Small currencies are a hobby, but the potential of new currencies is huge. Its income will one day become your main asset, such as Xiaoyi shares crowdfunded for 1 yuan, which can reach up to 1,400+ yuan. A team with a strong background + pragmatic implementation, as long as time is given, it is normal to return hundreds and thousands of times in this circleVery common! Among them, blockchain + finance is the easiest scenario to implement, so asset-on-chain projects have always been popular.
Recommend a popular project, Sealchain financial public chain, which directly covers the seven major financial application scenarios of inclusive finance, supply chain finance, ABS, insurance, equity, corporate bonds, and intelligent investment advisory. It is expected to be launched in 2019~2021 Become a dark horse in the currency circle! And the price on the exchange in 2019 is only 1 yuan!

❿ Explain blockchain in vernacular

img src=' https://p26 . toutiaoimg.com/large/39b 70000088 e 51 B3 c 258 ' /

Recently, various ICO financial scams have been blocked in China, but this does not hinder the vigorous development of blockchain technology. After all, technology is innocent and can bring benefits to people. As for how to use it, it depends on people to operate it. If the operation is good, you can recommend development. If the operation is not good, it is like the major ICO projects. Find some knowledge for Internet celebrities to conduct so-called illegal fund-raising and financial fraud.

After talking for a long time, what is blockchain? When it comes to blockchain, the first thing that comes to mind for many people is Bitcoin. We need to solve a problem. Bitcoin is a blockchain, but blockchain is not Bitcoin. Simply put, blockchain is distributed ledger technology (DLT), not a token. It has many characteristics, such as decentralization, traceability, and difficulty in tampering.

(1) Blockchain is a distributed database

First of all, this is a decentralized distributed architecture system. Therefore, having only one central server or node is not called a blockchain. For example, if you go to Taobao to buy a mobile phone, you and the seller are strangers and have no basis for trust. If you give the money to the seller first, the seller may block you by not delivering the goods, and then your mobile phone money will be gone. If the seller ships first, do you pay? It is possible that you do not pay the seller after receiving the goods, and one party may lose money anyway. At this time, a third-party guarantee is needed to solve the trust problem. Just like Alipay now, you give money to Alipay and the seller will deliver the goods. When you receive the goods, the seller will receive the money.

The above example is a centralized system because all guarantee work is handled by Bora, a third-party payment company. Suppose one day Alipay wants to tamper with data, neither buyers nor sellers can do anything because all authority is in the hands of one company.

At this time, a distributed database is needed. This third party is no longer Alipay, but thousands of monitors. When you buy a mobile phone on Taobao, you will shout to everyone that I am going to XXX to buy a mobile phone, and I paid XXX yuan. The other person will yell like everyone else. I collected XXX’s mobile phone bill and sent it over. In this way, everyone knows about this transaction and everyone is recording this transaction, so it is useless if one or two nodes have problems or malicious behavior, because most nodes have recorded this matter.

(B) Blockchain uses encryption technology to secure dataAccording to safety

There are two important points here: 1. Crypto-enabled hash function 2. Asymmetric encryption.

If you are interested in specific concepts, you can go online, but people without basic knowledge may not be able to understand it, because these two points are too professional. In fact, if you only know the use of blockchain, you don’t need to have an in-depth understanding of it. It is also a technical concept. All you need to know is that blockchain relies on these technical points to ensure data security and is not easily tampered with. Of course, many people say that these two points can guarantee 100% non-tampering. I want to be a little conservative here. As an author who works in the security industry, I have always been skeptical about 100% security, so it may be more appropriate to call it difficult to be tampered with.

I will briefly introduce these two concepts and try to explain them clearly in plain English.

1. Cryptographic Hash Function

This is mainly used to verify the integrity of information. For example, I sent a message to the company leader saying that I was sick on Friday and needed to take a day off. At this time, a hash value will be generated based on the message I sent, such as: 123456. At this point, when the leader receives this message, a hash value is also generated. Because the content of the message I sent has not changed (it has not been tampered with), the hash value remains unchanged, still: 123456. This is if someone wants to tamper with this news and get sick on Friday and need to take a year off. At this time, the hash value will change, such as: 123489. That's when we learned our information had been tampered with.

2. Asymmetric encryption

It is mainly used for information encryption and authentication. It is actually two keys, one is called the public key and the other is called the private key. Public key encryption, private key decryption.

A public key is a key that everyone has. You own it, I own it. We can all encrypt with this key, but when decrypting it must be decrypted with my private key. If you don't have my private key, you can't decrypt it.

(C) The blockchain uses a consensus algorithm to reach consensus on new data.

The role of the consensus algorithm is to enable all nodes to reach a consensus on the new block. In other words, everyone must approve the new block.

For a centralized deployment system, this is simple, everything is controlled by the center, but in the distributed system of the blockchain, it is very complicated. For example, there are three nodes. A said he bought a mobile phone from XXX store and paid for it, B said he didn’t pay, and C said he didn’t pay enough. Then who do you listen to? What's more, blockchain technology is not as simple as three nodes, but a huge distributed system.

This is when a solution is needed. There is a corresponding problem in computer science called the "Byzantine Universal Problem" or "Byzantine Fault Tolerance" (BFT). This question was raised not because of Bitcoin, but because of a special background.

Early aircraft had three independent control systems. Why do we need three independent control systems? For example, in an emergency, there is a plane opposite. How to judge whether you should hide? If there is only one system, there is no choice, which is equivalent to centralized deployment. If the system breaks, you're dead. What if one of the two systems breaks? Okay, say hide, the bad thing is not hidden, the computer cannot judge the final result. Therefore, three independent systems are needed to support it, and the probability of two total failures is still very small. But this only takes into account injuries. What should I do if there is a malicious system? Is three enough? The answer is no, we need four systems to maintain consensus.

The use of blockchain is similar, because it is supported by a huge number of nodes, and each node is an independent system without interfering with each other. We can assume that the number of failed nodes and malicious nodes is limited, so it will not cause abnormal consistency of data.

Related questions and answers: What is blockchain? What is the use?

Blockchain is a new computing paradigm and distributed infrastructure that uses fast chain data structures, distributed node consensus algorithms, cryptography and smart contracts based on automated script code to produce, verify, store and transmit data. It can also be said that blockchain is a distributed ledger technology that can provide a decentralized trust mechanism in a non-trust environment, allowing multi-party participants to conduct secure and trust-based transactions without intermediaries.

The core advantage of blockchain technology is decentralization. It can realize decentralized credit-based transactions in a distributed system where nodes do not need to trust each other by using data encryption, timestamps, distributed consensus and economic incentives. Point-to-point transactions, coordination and collaboration provide solutions to the common problems of high cost, low efficiency and insecure data storage in centralized institutions.

The fields of use of blockchain include digital currency, certificates, finance, anti-counterfeiting and traceability, privacy protection, supply chain, entertainment, etc. With the popularity of blockchain and Bitcoin, many related top domain names have been registered. It has had a relatively large impact on the domain name industry.

Related Q&A: Can you explain to me what a blockchain is in an easy-to-understand way?

Er Gazi is my friend since we were young, and we were naked in Hegou together. Later, I came to the city to study and work, and lived a life as a drifter in the north; he farmed at home and did some small business, and now he has a son and a daughter, and his life is safe. He envied my so-called "seen the world", and I envied his simple life without the pressure of mortgage loans. We have completely different and mutually enviable lives??

That day, Gazi came to me on WeChat and asked "District" What is a blockchain?" I was stunned for a moment, how could this idiot care about such an avant-garde word? I pretended to be calm and prepared to talk about the technical principles bit by bit, but I could see the confused expression of that idiot through the screen of my mobile phone. How to explain "what is blockchain" to people who have a little bit of Internet concepts and technical foundation? This seems to be a very thorny problem??

The village commissary interprets the core of blockchain (picture quoted from the Internet)

The core essence of blockchain is "decentralization", and almost all operating modes of blockchain operate around the concept of "decentralization". Once you understand what "decentralization" is, you can basically explain the question "what is a blockchain?" For Erga, of course, he must perform a version that he can understand.

"I said, Gazi, you still open the canteen at the east end of the village.What? "Gazi answered yes. I decided to use this canteen as an example to explain the actual use scenarios of blockchain in modern business and financial models, so that he can better understand what blockchain is.

"Now then Are there many villagers who take credit? By the end of the year, are some of the accounts unclear and there are still many defaulters or those who refuse to acknowledge their accounts? " At this point, Ergazi got emotional and kept complaining that people are not as old as they used to be and business is hard to do!

"In the past, the operation mode of your canteen was a typical centralized one. You gave credit to the villagers and all the accounting was done. They are all directly connected to our villagers through you, and you are the center of all accounts. " Ergazi said he understood and let me continue.

I said: "If you fail one day, then all the debts will become dead debts? It is estimated that it will be difficult to get back the IOUs written in black and white. Forget about remembering those accounts verbally, but the decentralization of the blockchain can solve this problem very well. As long as the earth still exists, then the blockchain will remember that every account will exist forever." Erga became more energetic after hearing this.

The essence of the blockchain is "decentralization"

"The The essence is decentralization. Once someone takes credit from you, all the neighbors in the village will help you keep accounts. Because there are many nodes for accounting, it is neither easy to make mistakes nor others can refuse to pay, so everyone reaches a consensus. If someone maliciously fails to repay the debt, the whole village will know his character, and no one will be willing to have financial dealings with him in the future??"

Speaking of this, Gazi was obviously a little excited. It seemed that he was I was really worried about the credit issue. Seeing that Gazi was interested, I also felt a small sense of accomplishment and continued: "Of course, the above is just an analogy. In fact, the blockchain does not really allow villagers to get paper. The pen helps you keep accounts, but it is done through the Internet and computer networking. "

At this time, Gazi was a little confused and asked: "Then what others bought from me, wouldn't everyone in the village know it? Then who would buy things from me? There is really no privacy at all. And you don’t have time to keep accounts here. Last year’s accounts are said to be this year’s. What if you keep procrastinating? "

"Okay, Gazi, your question is on point. "It seems that Gazi is not stupid at all, and he is very shrewd in doing business. I continued to explain: "So, the recording and transmission of this information are all done through encryption. What you see is a picture of numbers and English. String, and each account has a timestamp to record the time of occurrence, which cannot be relied on. "

Gazi had another question: "Is it possible that the people who owe the debt have a good relationship with the villagers, and they join forces to tamper with the accounting? Then you won’t be able to explain clearly at that time??”

“Gazi, that’s all you have, haha. "I understood Gazi's concerns and continued to explain: "The mechanism of the blockchain requires more than 51% of people to agree to tamper with a bill. Everyone has a degree of closeness and distance between them, and it is impossible for everyone to favor the same person. If it were a computer, more than half of the computers on the entire network would need to be recalculated. This project would be so huge that it would be almost impossible to complete??"

In this way, through the actual situation of the canteen and combined with some scenes in life, Gazi understood what is in the blockchain: decentralization, distributed accounting, consensus mechanism, encryption mechanism, timestamp, and resistance to tampering characteristics.

Ergazi was silent for a moment, as if he was digesting the example I just gave him, and I don’t know how much he can understand it. Not long after, he sent me another voice message on WeChat: "What does blockchain mean? In the past, when I bought goods online and paid for them, I had to go through Jack Ma's house. If there is a blockchain, can it be done directly?" When trading with sellers, bookkeeping is very safe anyway."

"Okay, Gazi, it's really clear. Blockchain is essentially a decentralized distributed ledger data cloud. Of course, it can be understood as you understand it. "." I am very happy that Ga Zi can roughly appreciate the true charm of blockchain. Fortunately, my words have not been in vain.

What is Bitcoin? (Picture quoted from the Internet)

"Then what is Bitcoin? What does it have to do with the blockchain?" Gazi asked.

I thought about it briefly and decided to continue explaining the story of the canteen to Gazi: "In your canteen, the villagers can't keep accounts for you for free all day long. Do you have to bring something to visit during the holidays? Yes, this is the reward mechanism of the blockchain, and everyone who participates in bookkeeping may receive rewards."

"Then what are the rewards based on? There must be a rule, right?" Gazi asked very puzzled.

I explained: "Zhang San went to your store to buy a pack of cigarettes on credit, but Li Si knew about it first and kept an account for you first. Then other people knew about it and started keeping accounts. Then Li Si could get A small red flower as a reward ~ This little red flower is generated by the blockchain system and has no value in itself, so you do not need to pay any cost for this little red flower??"

"Then Bitcoin can be used as money Flowers? How is it different from the banknotes we usually spend?" Gazi continued to ask.

"Bitcoin is a digital encrypted virtual currency. In principle, it has no value itself like our banknotes. However, banknotes have the country as a credit guarantee, so they have value. Bitcoin is the Bitcoin network The value formed by consensus among users has tradable attributes, so it can be used to carry value." What is said here is a bit profound, I don't know if Gazi can understand it.

I continued to explain: "Banknotes can be printed infinitely. If you print too much, inflation will occur. When we were young, popsicles costing 1 cent were very good. Now we cannot eat them for 1 yuan. Of course, there are factors that affect inflation. A lot. The number of Bitcoins is fixed, and there is no possibility of unlimited over-issuance. However, different people have different judgments on their value, coupled with the influence of supply and demand and investor sentiment, so its price is always fluctuating. ."

What is the difference between Bitcoin price fluctuations and stocks?

"So speculation in Bitcoin is speculation in stocks? Can you understand it that way?" Ga Zi seems to know a lot.

"Actually, there are some similarities, but there are also big differences." I continued Gazi's topic: "The price of the stockPrices always fluctuate around the valuation of companies, and there is government regulation of the stock market. Bitcoin itself has no value. It is priced entirely based on supply and demand and player valuations. It grows wildly without any government supervision. Therefore, it may have higher risks and higher returns than stocks. "

In the end, Gazi revealed the real purpose of today. He asked me: "Can I invest in blockchain projects? ”

Gazi is a typical example of those who don’t go to the Three Treasures Hall for anything. Although there is a large circle of people who are involved in both blockchain and Bitcoin, in fact, what he really cares about is “blockchain project investment” Is it reliable? "When these words came out, I was extremely shocked. Now the so-called blockchain investment projects have actually reached fourth- and sixth-tier cities and small towns!

As of now, there are only three types of blockchain investments. Situation: Mining, currency speculation, so-called blockchain projects.

Mining and currency speculation are still the main lines of the blockchain (pictures quoted from the Internet)

The so-called mining means mining by purchasing mining machines, etc. Equipment, mine virtual currency, and then sell and realize it to get returns. You can install the mining machine yourself, or you can find a mining pool to host it, but the core keys to profitability are "computing power" and "power consumption" as well as Investment in equipment. With the sharp drop in the price of virtual currencies and the increase in mining difficulty, the current mining returns of many currencies are very unsatisfactory. Mining is obviously only a very small number of investors who understand technology can play successfully. I My childhood friend Gazi obviously can’t play with it.

As for “coin speculation”, I have just introduced some differences between Bitcoin and stocks in the previous section. In principle, although they are both “buy low and sell high” operations , but there is a huge difference. Ordinary investors cannot determine the value of a virtual currency itself, and the price is determined entirely by the relationship between supply and demand, which is somewhat similar to what we often call "market makers." On the other hand, the virtual currency trading market is extremely Irregularities, theft and hacker attacks often occur, and the risk factor is much greater than investing in stocks. For the safety of my friends' funds, I am one of the ten thousand people who disagrees with "coin speculation"!

"September 4th" It is illegal to issue virtual currencies

In fact, in my opinion, most of the so-called investment projects in the market are essentially "illegal fund-raising" and "pyramid schemes." Some so-called blockchain investment projects use various The packaging and inflammatory rhetoric attract investors into the circle, and then create the illusion of profitability by building a software and hardware ecosystem of issuing new coins + mining + currency speculation, and then finally run away. Our country's laws clearly stipulate that the issuance of virtual currencies is illegal.

Illegal pyramid schemes now wear the cloak of blockchain (picture quoted from the Internet)

And how to identify some pyramid schemes under the guise of blockchain? In fact, these pyramid schemes are also so-called Ponzi schemes. , what we ordinary people often call "empty gloves". These so-called "direct sales" or "marketing" activities often have no actual products to circulate, and rely more on the development of "offline" to ensure top-level profits. As the district With the rise of the blockchain concept, this MLM model has shown an intensifying trend, and evenThey deceive people under the guise of state support for new technologies.

When Gazi asked, “Can blockchain projects be invested in?”, I realized the seriousness of the problem. Gazi is a typical young man from a small town, and his pursuit is his wife and children. But when faced with the attraction of "wealth", people often do inappropriate things. Mining and currency speculation are simply not suitable for him, let alone blockchain investment projects that are most likely "illegal financing" or "illegal pyramid schemes"!

I quickly dialed Gazi’s phone number and conducted the above analysis carefully??