星沙区块链,周川区块链

星沙区块链和周川区块链是近年来新兴的技术，它们被广泛应用于各个行业，用于解决各种社会问题。今天，我们就来聊聊它们的三个相关关键词：去中心化，可信计算和智能合约。

去中心化

去中心化是指没有中央机构或组织参与的分布式系统，是指没有任何一个组织或个人拥有整个系统的控制权。去中心化的思想在区块链技术中得到了最佳体现，去中心化的系统可以实现自治、自动化、安全等特点。星沙区块链和周川区块链都是去中心化的系统，它们没有中央机构或组织参与，可以实现安全、可靠、快速的交易和记录。

可信计算

可信计算，也称为信任计算，是一种利用计算机技术和网络技术来解决信任问题的方法。它可以让参与者在不了解其他参与者的情况下，通过计算机程序和网络技术，实现可靠的协议，从而达到可信计算的目的。星沙区块链和周川区块链都能够实现可信计算，它们可以通过分布式账本和共识机制，实现安全、可靠、快速的交易和记录，让参与者在不了解其他参与者的情况下，实现可靠的协议。

智能合约

智能合约是一种特殊的计算机程序，它可以在没有中央机构的情况下，自动执行合约中规定的条款和条件，从而实现自动化执行合约的目的。星沙区块链和周川区块链都支持智能合约，它们可以利用智能合约实现自动化执行合约，让参与者在不了解其他参与者的情况下，实现可靠的协议。智能合约的出现，使得合约的执行更加安全、可靠、高效，为各行各业带来了巨大的发展机遇。

星沙区块链和周川区块链是近年来新兴的技术，它们的出现为各行各业带来了巨大的发展机遇。它们支持去中心化、可信计算和智能合约等技术，可以实现安全、可靠、快速的交易和记录，为社会带来更多的便利和效率。

请查看相关英文文档

Is there any chance that Jingtong Technology will go public?

There is a chance that Jingtong Technology will go public. Wuxi Jingtong Network Technology Co., Ltd. was established on August 1, 2014. Its registered address is No. 282-1516, Changjiang North Road, Xinwu District, Wuxi City, and its legal representative is Zhang Xiaoyang. The business scope includes computer software development, technical services, technology promotion and sales; computer system services and data processing; design, production, agency and publishing of domestic advertising business; online data processing and transaction processing services in the first type of value-added telecommunications business, Internet information services in the second type of value-added telecommunications business; self-operated and agent import and export businesses of various commodities and technologies, except for commodities and technologies that are restricted or prohibited by the state and must be approved in accordance with the law, and can only be operated after approval by the relevant departments. Activity.
Extended information:
1. Zhou Sha, the founder of Jingtong Technology, began to enter the high-tech industry in 1996 and is regarded as a participant and observer of the rise of the entire Internet. He has a relatively deep technical background and experience. Additionally, he is an expert on finance and economics. As a dual habitat of cross-finance and high technology, he naturally has a deeper understanding of Bitcoin's attempt to subvert the traditional financial industry. The strategic layout of the Jing system ecology is likely to form a closed loop in the entire industry. At present, the development speed and intensity of the well system are basically consistent with the original plan. Businesses experience turmoil and adjustments as they grow.
2. It is unfair to judge the team at that time based on the current ecological environment of the blockchain. Chen Donglei, CEO of Wuxi Team, turned to a high-end generator company and achieved very good results. James, who later took over, now runs Jingju, an artificial intelligence precision management house rental company that is also prosperous. Later, Deng Mu left JD.com and established his own blockchain company, which received investment from Tempus International. Moreover, Tempus has continued to use Jingtong’s reputation to gain Jingtong’s popularity these days. In fact, they have nothing to do with Mao Jingtong. After training and hard work, Zheng Yu’s team made a comeback and started doing the blockchain e-commerce that they had always wanted to do. After that, Shi Boping, who took over as my temporary worker, also completed his surgical tasks very well. These have led to today’s mastery development achievements. They are either still in the JD ecosystem or in the JD enterprise circle, and are still contributing to the JD blockchain ecosystem. Therefore, there is no need to believe various rumors from the outside about different teams. Different groups, different thoughts, and different behaviors lead to various conflicts and disharmony. This may be the essence of blockchain.
3. In January 2018, after nearly four years of silence in the blockchain field, JD Technology finally reached an inflection point. On January 4, the share price of "China Open Online" listed in the United States soared 7 times overnight due to the announcement of blockchain technology cooperation with "Technology Mastery". Since then, listed companies have flocked to grab hot spots. As soon as they release blockchain-related information (fake news abounds), the stock price immediately rises. On January 9, Guotai Junan jointly interviewed the two founders of JD.com to discuss the development path of blockchain in 2018. At the same time, there are alsoFew customers actively seek cooperation. A large number of users poured into JD Wallet every day, causing system downtime and technical staff having to work overtime to upgrade. These are just preludes. The drama hasn't begun yet. Look at the popularity today. It's tough and lonely compared to what it used to be. It feels like the afterlife. As one of the first pioneers in the blockchain field, we were trapped by the public’s understanding of blockchain. In the past, no one paid much attention to it, but now it’s the other way around, and a group of people have closed the door to cooperation. Too poor and no one asked in the city center.

㈡ What is the Bistock Connect Alliance?

The Bistock Connect Alliance is a cooperation centered on the Bistock Connect plan.
The Coin-to-Coin Stock Connect Plan is an investment plan initiated by the SWTC Foundation to invest in the equity of target companies using SWTC certificates. "Bigutong" can be defined as the use of digital tokens to participate in the investment in the equity of target companies, that is, to build a connection between digital tokens and the equity of target companies, and to make a groundbreaking attempt for digital securities. As the initiator of Bigutong, Mr. Zhou Sha, the founder of Jingtong Technology, has been promoting the implementation of blockchain technology. Jingtong Technology founded by Mr. Zhou Sha has always been in a leading position in China’s blockchain industry and has great influence on the entire country. The development of the blockchain industry has made great contributions. The BitTong Connect plan is not only Mr. Zhou Sha’s attempt to open up the channel between digital certificates and equity through the SWTC Foundation, but also an exploration of the future digital economic structure.

㈢ "Blockchain and Big Data Create an Intelligent Economy" pdf download and read online, please ask for Baidu Netdisk cloud resources

"Blockchain and Big Data Create an Intelligent Economy" Wangtian/Wu Yuanwen/Zhao Guodong/Liu Wenwen e-book network disk download for free online reading

Link:

Extraction code: q4pa

Book title : Blockchain and big data create a smart economy
Author name: Jingdi Wangtian/Wu Yuanwen/Zhao Guodong/Liu Wenxian
Douban rating: 6.2
Publisher: People's Posts and Telecommunications Press
Publication year: 2017-6-1
Number of pages: 232
Content introduction:
In recent years, while big data has developed rapidly, it is also full of concept hype and faces many difficulties. So, what methods can be used to promote big data to break through the difficulties and achieve a higher level of development? This is the core idea and value of "Blockchain and Big Data (Creating an Intelligent Economy)" edited by Jingdi Wangtian, Wu Yuanwen, Zhao Guodong, and Liu Wenwen. "Blockchain and Big Data: Building an Intelligent Economy" puts forward the idea of ​​using blockchain technology to solve problems faced in the development of big data. This book is divided into 8 chapters. First, it introduces the rapidly rising blockchain technology by analyzing the difficulties faced by the development of big data, and compares the technological evolution, similarities and differences between the two; then it analyzes the problems existing in data circulation and reveals first introduced the changes brought about by blockchain technology; then introduced the application of blockchain technology in related industries, and gave a smooth introduction to the combination of blockchain technology and big data.think. In short, this book stands at the forefront of technological development, provides an in-depth explanation of the integration and development of blockchain and big data, and strives to provide feasible guidance and suggestions for industry development.
About the author:
Formerly known as Zhou Sha, founder of Silicon Valley venture capital Precision Capital; joined the Silicon Valley high-tech industry in 1996 and worked successively at HP, Alteron, NetScaler, NetScreen and Juniper; started to found Financial Weekly in 2012 , and founded a series of high-tech enterprises.

㈣ When will the digital renminbi pilot be fully used?

Currently, the digital economy is an increasingly important driving force for global economic growth. The research and development and application of legal digital currency will help effectively meet the public's demand for legal currency under the conditions of the digital economy, improve the convenience, security and anti-counterfeiting level of retail payments, and promote the accelerated development of my country's digital economy.

The People’s Bank of China started research on legal digital currencies earlier. In 2014, a special team was established to conduct special research on digital currency issuance framework, key technologies, issuance and circulation environment and related international experience. At the end of 2017, with approval, the People's Bank of China organized some powerful commercial banks and relevant institutions to jointly carry out research and development of the digital renminbi system (DC/EP). DC/EP has basically completed top-level design, standard formulation, functional research and development, joint debugging and testing under the premise of adhering to two-tier operations, cash (M0) substitution, and controllable anonymity.

At present, the research and development of digital renminbi follows the principles of stability, safety, controllability, innovation, and practicality. It will first conduct internal closed pilot tests in Shenzhen, Suzhou, Xiongan, Chengdu, and future Winter Olympics scenarios, in order to Test theoretical reliability, system stability, functional availability, process convenience, scenario applicability and risk controllability.

However, the current pilot test is only a routine work in the research and development process, and does not mean that the digital renminbi will be officially launched. There is no timetable for when it will be officially launched.

According to the central bank governor Yi, there is no timetable for the time being. It is currently only being piloted in four cities: Suzhou, Shenzhen, and Xiongan, and will also be promoted during the Beijing Winter Olympics. Full use requires time and cooperation with other countries. We are now taking the lead, but the pace needs to be very cautious. We may need to wait for countries such as Europe and Japan to catch up.

The picture is getting clearer and there is no timetable for the launch. The "digital RMB" has gone from fiction to reality

More and more information about China's legal digital currency (DC/EP) has surfaced. Compared with the low-key research and development in the previous five years, this year, especially since August, the central bank seems to be willing to reveal more information. This is undoubtedly a hint that we will usher in a cash revolution, and the "digital renminbi" will gradually take on a new look. Clear.

However, the pilot and even full implementation of the "digital RMB" will not be as rapid as some media describe. middleIn response to a reporter’s question on September 24, Yi Gang, Governor of the People’s Bank of China, made it clear that the central bank has “no timetable” for the launch of legal digital currencies, adding that “there will also be a series of research, testing, pilots, evaluations and risk prevention. ". Industry experts pointed out that sufficient and detailed preparations are needed before the “digital renminbi” is ready.

The central bank frequently announces the cautious advancement of "digital renminbi"

When the Monetary Digital Research Institute of the People's Bank of China was established two years ago, legal digital currency was still a relatively illusory concept. Get more into the public eye. As relevant information has become increasingly abundant in recent times, the face of legal digital currency has become increasingly clear.

Mu Changchun has assumed the new directorship of the Digital Currency Research Institute of the People's Bank of China, which is regarded by the outside world as one of the important signals that the "digital renminbi" is gearing up. In the past month, the central bank has intensively mentioned legal digital currency, pushing this new thing to the forefront of public opinion.

After August this year, the central bank mentioned legal digital currency many times. On August 2, the central bank held a video conference to make arrangements for key tasks in the second half of 2019, mentioning "accelerating the pace of research and development of my country's legal digital currency." Not long after, on August 10, Mu Changchun announced that the People's Bank of China As the deputy director of the Payment and Settlement Department, he gave a keynote speech on legal digital currencies at the China Financial Forty Yichun Forum, and said, "Since last year, relevant personnel from the Digital Currency Research Institute have been developing related systems, and it is already 996."

On August 21, the central bank’s official WeChat public account published the full text of Mu Changchun’s speech on digital currency. It was also published simultaneously with a speech delivered by Fan Yifei, deputy governor of the People’s Bank of China, in January 2018. An article titled "Some Considerations on Central Bank Digital Currency". The ideas revealed by the two are highly consistent, and outline several important characteristics of the central bank's digital currency: the current central bank's digital currency is a replacement for M0 (cash), not M1 or M2; the central bank does not directly issue digital currency to the public , will adopt a two-tier operating system, that is, the People's Bank of China will first exchange digital currencies to banks or other operating institutions, and then these institutions will exchange them to the public, adhering to a centralized management model in this process.

The more interesting information is that Mu Changchun started a course on the APP course with the title "Libra and the Outlook of Digital Currency", and used a more popular language to tell the public about the "impenetrable" digital currency.

Currently, in addition to China, the central banks of Singapore, Canada, Sweden and other countries are also conducting research on legal digital currencies, but the connotations and research paths of their respective legal digital currencies are different. Judging from the current public information, only Sweden’s proposed digital currency e-krona and China’s digital currency DC/EP have similar attributes. They are both replacements for M0 (cash). However, the difference is that our country The central bank’s digital currency is a two-tier operating system, while e-krona is a single-tier operating system., that is, the central bank issues digital currency directly to the public.

The central bank has been studying digital currencies since 2014. The progress of related work has been very low-key in the eyes of the outside world. However, the recent exposure of many important information has aroused high expectations for the launch of legal digital currencies. Rumors such as "Digital currency begins closed-loop testing" and "Seven market institutions participate in the issuance" are spread from time to time. However, according to the reporter of "Economic Information Daily", some rumors are not accurate.

Yi Gang made it clear when answering a reporter’s question a few days ago: “We don’t have a timetable now. I think there will be a series of research, testing, pilots, evaluations and risk prevention, especially if digital currencies cross-border Use, there are also a series of regulatory requirements such as anti-money laundering, anti-terrorist financing, anti-tax havens and 'know your customer'." Industry insiders analyzed that Yi Gang's statement actually cooled market expectations. Legal figures The introduction of currency will be more cautious, and the advancement speed can be "fast or slow". The pace needs to be controlled by the central bank itself.

No need to bind a bank account or the Internet

From 2014 to the present, research on central bank digital currency has been carried out for five years. "Adhere to the centralized management model", "M0 replacement", "double-layer operating system", "satisfy high concurrency performance", etc. outline the general outline of the "digital RMB". However, such wording is too obscure for the public. A more suitable interpretation for both young and old is that it is as easy to circulate as cash, can be anonymous, does not need to bind a bank account, and does not require the Internet, "as long as the mobile phone has power."

According to Mu Changchun's description in early August, legal digital currency is "account loosely coupled", which can realize value transfer without traditional bank accounts, greatly reducing the dependence on accounts in the transaction process. The central bank's digital currency can be as easy to circulate as cash, which is conducive to the circulation and internationalization of the renminbi, and at the same time can achieve controllable anonymity.

Fan Yifei's article "Some Considerations on Central Bank Digital Currency" describes the central bank's digital currency in more detail. The article stated that at this stage, M1 and M2 are based on commercial bank accounts and have been electronic or digitized. There is no need to use digital currency to digitize again. In contrast, the issuance, printing, recycling and storage of existing banknotes and coins are costly, the circulation system has many levels, they are inconvenient to carry, easy to be counterfeited, anonymity is uncontrollable, and there are risks of being used for money laundering and other illegal activities. The risk of criminal activity and the need to go digital are increasing day by day. In addition, non-cash payment tools, such as traditional bank cards and Internet payments, are based on the account "tight coupling" model, which cannot fully meet the public's demand for easy-to-use and anonymous payment services. It is impossible to completely replace M0, especially in the account In areas with poor service and communication network coverage, people still rely heavily on cash. The central bank's digital currency maintains the attributes and main characteristics of cash, meets the needs of portability and anonymity, and will be the best tool to replace cash.

"You can imagine this scenario: As long as you and I have DC/EP on our mobile phonesA digital wallet that doesn't even require an internet connection. As long as the phone has power, the digital currency in one person's digital wallet can be transferred to another person by touching the two phones. "Mu Changchun said recently in the Get APP course.

Mu Changchun gave examples, such as going to an underground supermarket to buy things, there is no mobile phone signal, WeChat and Alipay cannot be used, or taking a low-cost airline flight If you need to pay for food, you can pay with the central bank's digital currency in these scenarios in the future. A more extreme situation is a major earthquake, "communications are cut off, and electronic payments are of course not possible." At that time, there were only two possibilities left, one was banknotes and the other was the central bank’s digital currency. It (the central bank’s digital currency) can be paid without the need for an Internet connection. We call it ‘dual offline payment’, which means that both parties to the payment and payment can make payments offline. As long as the mobile phone has power, payment can be made even if the entire network is disconnected."

Zhou Sha, CEO of Jingtong Technology and co-founder of MOAC Blockchain, also told the Economic Information Daily reporter that the use of cash Management has three characteristics: first, anonymity, second, protection of user privacy, and third, no need for third-party verification. Central bank digital currency is a substitute for cash and will also reflect the above characteristics. "Take anonymity as an example, I will When I buy something at the breakfast stall, I pay with Alipay. Because it is a real-name account, all my information is left behind. But if I pay in cash, my boss receives my money but doesn’t know who I am. "Zhou Sha said that the central bank's digital currency should comply with the characteristics of cash such as anonymity, but at the same time it must ensure the "three antis", namely anti-money laundering, anti-tax evasion, and anti-terrorist financing.

Mu Changchun recently When talking about how legal digital currency can ensure the "three evils", he also said that these tasks can be solved using big data. "In other words, although ordinary transactions are anonymous, if we use big data to identify some behaviors When identifying characteristics, the person’s true identity can still be locked. ”

Zhang Zhijun, chief information security architect of the World Bank, said in an interview with the Economic Information Daily that electronic payments are already very common in China, but users’ privacy is currently not protected. If the central bank’s digital currency can be protected User privacy, then the application field of daily micro-payments will become the first choice of many people.

Technology "horse racing" commercial institutions are eager to try

For digital currencies, commercial institutions and The public's concerns are different: the latter are curious about how the payment experience will be different, while the former are more concerned about the central bank's statements such as "no preset technical routes" and are trying to capture opportunities to participate in the research and development and even operation of legal digital currencies.< /p>

In public perception, digital currency is often bundled with blockchain technology. However, according to statements from central bankers, the central bank does not preset technical routes in the process of promoting legal digital currency, which means that it is not necessarily Rely on a certain technical route. Blockchain is just one of the underlying technologies available for the central bank’s digital currency.

“We will adhere to centralized management.There is no preset technical route for R&D work, and the best can be selected through fair competition in the market. Blockchain technology can be considered, or new technologies evolved on the basis of existing electronic payments can be adopted to fully mobilize the enthusiasm and creativity of the market. , we have also established a mechanism that is compatible with the incentives of market institutions. "Yi Gang said at the press conference on the 24th.

"Just like the promotion of POS cash registers across the country, this is a big project. If we adopt a let a hundred flowers bloom approach and allow many private institutions to participate in the construction of this ecosystem, then the country will need to formulate corresponding technical standards and compliance requirements, and participants must meet these requirements before they can enter this market. If this work is done well and legal digital currency only replaces cash, the financial risks it brings should be relatively small. "Zhang Zhijun said.

As mentioned above, the central bank encourages technological "horse racing" and market competition, and also sets bottom lines and standards for technology. Mu Changchun said, "For any technical route, the central bank will It can be adapted, provided that your technical route must meet a certain threshold, for example, it must at least meet high concurrency requirements, reaching at least 300,000 transactions/second. "Mu Changchun said that such a threshold requirement is to meet the high concurrency performance required by retail.

Zhang Zhijun said that the concurrency standard of 300,000 transactions/second should be said to be quite high. He said, Such a high speed cannot be achieved by ordinary blockchain technology, because the blockchain needs a consensus mechanism to record transactions into the ledger. Consensus takes time, so to achieve consensus, speed must be sacrificed. Certain consensus algorithms of the alliance chain It can reach thousands of transactions per second. A speed as high as 300,000 per second is either a centralized solution or a relatively unique distributed ledger technology, which makes it possible to approach such a large capacity.

< p> Zhou Xiaochuan, former governor of the People's Bank of China and president of the China Society for Finance and Banking, also said at a special lecture at Tsinghua University PBC School of Finance in May this year that the blockchain has not developed as fast as imagined to enable transactions per second (TPS) to reach It is large enough and is far from being able to support a payment system for retail transactions, but it can do some pilot projects for small-scale financial market transactions or other applications. It is understood that the People's Bank of China is currently promoting the application of blockchain in two low-TPS transaction markets : The first is bill transactions, and the second is letter of credit financing transactions.

The central bank has not released a complete white paper on the digital currency operation plan, and some technical details are unknown. However, the reporter found during the interview that some Private institutions with technology research and development capabilities are very enthusiastic about participating in this.

“I think that at the second layer of the central bank-commercial bank structure, that is, the commercial banking link, private institutions have opportunities to participate. "Zhou Sha said that general blockchain technology cannot meet relevant technical requirements, but by building some structures based on blockchain technology, it is possible to meet the central bank's concurrency requirements.

Real implementation is not that difficult. Simple

The launch of legal digital currency is already unstoppable. It is an inevitable product of the development of digital technology and also meets the needs of RMB internationalization. But its implementation cannot be rushed. On the balance beam between change and tradition, innovation and security, the "digital RMB" that is "ready to come out" still needs more time to prepare.

Shao Fujun, Chairman of China UnionPay Co., Ltd., said that the central bank’s legal digital currency will have a huge positive impact: first, it will improve the efficiency of currency operation monitoring and enrich the means of monetary policy; second, it will help improve transactions The level of intelligence in the process; the third is to effectively improve the efficiency of payment, especially cross-border payment, and establish an open payment environment.

The external pressure for China’s “cash revolution” stems from the fact that many central banks, including the Bank of England, the Bank of Canada and the Riksbank, are developing legal digital currencies. At the same time, some businesses Giants are also accelerating the launch of cryptocurrencies.

In June, the social network giant Facebook released a white paper on its virtual currency “Libra” project. According to the white paper, this cryptocurrency, which is anchored to a basket of currencies and promises a 1:1 exchange with legal tender, is planned to be issued by Facebook, which has 2.7 billion users, and will be supported by giants in different fields such as Visa, Mastercard, and Uber. According to It is said that the payment scale will reach nearly 700 billion US dollars. In August, documents disclosed by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office showed that retail giant Walmart was applying for a digital cryptocurrency patent. Although it is still very difficult for these commercial institutions to implement cryptocurrency in the short term, it has already caused tension among central banks around the world.

"More and more people believe that one of the root causes of global economic problems is the hegemony of the US dollar. There is currently a voice in the world that uses an official super-sovereign currency (such as the IMF's eSDR) to combat the hegemony of the US dollar. , and some unofficial institutions and companies, such as Facebook’s Libra, are trying to seize the market space after the US dollar’s ​​hegemony has weakened.” Zhou Sha said.

The implementation of "digital RMB" is obviously not that simple, and requires sufficient and detailed preparations.

Fan Yifei pointed out in his article that the issuance of central bank digital currencies by major countries is a complex systematic project. Our country has a vast territory and a large population. The economic development, resource endowments and population education levels of various regions vary greatly. In the process of designing, launching (issuing), and circulating central bank digital currencies, we must fully consider the diversity faced by system and institutional design. and complexity.

"You cannot innovate for the sake of innovation. The launch of legal digital currency requires the construction of an overall support system and careful calculation of the cost of the public's adoption of new technologies." Qin Qin, Deloitte Asia Pacific investment management industry leader Yi told reporters that the calculation of efficiency and cost should be a comprehensive consideration by regulators after overall weighing relevant gains and losses, explicit and implicit benefits.

"Security" is one of the challenges. Zhang Zhijun said that due to the huge number of units and individuals involved, the systemThe security of various components of the system, especially digital wallets, will become very important. Qin Yi also said that in the electronic era, personal privacy and data security are top priorities. Last year's implementation of the EU's GDPR, as well as the huge fines imposed by EU and US regulators on Internet giants such as Google and Facebook, further highlighted the importance that European and American regulatory authorities attach to personal privacy and data security in the Internet age. "So when the People's Bank of China pilots digital legal currency, consumer rights protection, especially data security and privacy protection, should also be benchmarked against the highest standards in the world." Qin Yi said.

Wang Yongli, the former deputy governor of the Bank of China, recently wrote the article "Challenges in the Implementation and Operation of Central Bank Digital Currency", saying that if from the perspective of "digital currency exchange mechanism", "storage and use of digital currency", "digital currency and If we analyze the specific details such as "coordinated operation of electronic currency", we may find that there are still great challenges in the implementation of the central bank's digital currency.

Zhou Sha believes that RMB cross-border payment and cross-border e-commerce may be trial scenarios because "there is a strong urgency in this area and can be used in some countries and regions along the 'Belt and Road', as well as in some currency values." Unstable countries try to promote RMB stablecoins."

How much do you know about digital currency?

There has been constant news about the central bank’s digital currency recently, attracting social attention. Many people are curious, what exactly is digital currency? What is the difference between digital currency and the existing RMB?

Zhao Yao, deputy secretary-general of the Beijing Internet Law Research Association, said that the central bank’s digital currency is legal and its functions and attributes are similar to the existing RMB banknotes, except that the form is digital and has value. A unique digital payment tool that enables value transfer without the need for an account. "For example, two people have digital wallets in their mobile phones. As long as the mobile phones have power and no network is required, as soon as the two people's mobile phones touch, the digital currency in one person's digital wallet can be transferred to the other person without binding to any bank. A card is similar to me taking out the banknotes from my pocket and putting them into your pocket."

How does digital currency operate? Mu Changchun, director of the Central Bank’s Digital Currency Research Institute, said that the central bank’s digital currency adopts a two-tier operating system. The single-layer operating system is the People's Bank of China issuing digital currency directly to the public. When issuing digital currency, the People's Bank of China first exchanges the digital currency to banks or other operating institutions, and then these institutions exchange it for the public, which is a two-tier operating system. "The central bank serves as the upper layer and commercial banks serve as the second layer. This dual investment system is suitable for our country's national conditions. It can not only use existing resources to mobilize the enthusiasm of commercial banks, but also smoothly improve the acceptance process of digital currency and the circulation method of digital currency after it is issued. Yes, commercial banks open accounts at the People's Bank of China and pay 100% of the reserves in full. Individuals and enterprises open digital wallets through commercial banks or commercial institutions, which can have either a strong real-name system or a weak real-name system. For users, there is no need to go to For commercial banks, as long as you download and register an APP, you can use the dataWord currency.

Is Jingtong Coin worth investing in?

It can only be said that it is relatively formal. Investments are risky and we do not provide investment advice.
The native currency ("Gas" fuel currency) that can be issued by Jingtong Public Chain, as the main application scenario of Jingtong SWT, Jingtong Public Chain provides an effective decentralized platform based on blockchain technology for enterprises and consumers. , supporting enterprise-level application access services and end consumers on-chain.
The total amount is fixed at 600 billion. The specific circulation quantity will be gradually released according to the ecological application and transaction volume needs of Jingtong public chain. The current circulation volume is about 100 billion, the total market value of circulation is about 1 billion US dollars, and there are 26 trusted nodes. , the total number of accounts is 120,000, the total number of applications is 64
Issued in 2014, and launched on the Coinbene exchange in August 2017. In addition, the Jingtong wallet can trade Jingtong coins, and the current main trading volume is also in the wallet
Jingtong coins It is issued by Jingtong Company and serves as the fuel coin of Jingtong public chain. If you want to analyze and judge the development prospects of Jingtong coin, you first need to understand the company Jingtong.
Jingtong Technology provides an enterprise-level application-oriented universal blockchain platform to facilitate enterprise users to access and use blockchain technology. The project team was formed in 2011 by Chinese scientists from Silicon Valley. In 2014, it officially launched an underlying technology platform that can support commercial applications. It is the first domestic company engaged in the research and development of blockchain underlying technology.
Extended information
1. The technical advantages mainly lie in:
Jingtong has the combined advantages of "Ripple + Ethereum" in terms of technical implementation and application scenarios. On the one hand, it has a wider scope of application than Ripple. In addition to legal currency, various smart assets can also be connected. On the other hand, Jingtong smart contracts are more optimized than Ethereum. Jingtong uses asynchronous calling methods. Consensus and smart contract execution are completed independently of each other, ensuring that there is no upper limit on the concurrency of smart contracts, with similar The lightning network’s fast second-level confirmation function is not open source.
2. Currently, in the implementation of digital assets, systems such as Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Ripple have certain deficiencies. For example, Bitcoin cannot implement smart contracts, Ripple’s centralized features, etc., while Jingtong takes a two-way route and adopts The Yinguan model manages simple smart assets, where everything is connected and all values ​​are exchanged, and an efficient matching algorithm is created using an OSPF-like protocol. At the same time, Jingtong also supports smart contracts to manage complex smart assets. This processing method is because smart contracts have costs, and simple smart assets do not need to waste the functions of smart contracts.
The difference from the systems listed above is that, as a former domestic chain company, Jingtong has adopted a non-open source attitude in terms of technical code in consideration of actual business development and promotion of major customers. Controller Zhou Sha recently stated that it will gradually move toward open source in the future.

㈥ "Blockchain and Big Data Create a Smart Economy" epub download online to read the full text, seek Baidu network disk cloud resources

"Blockchain and Big Data" ( Looking at the sky from the bottom of the well) e-book network disk downloadFree online reading

Link:

Extraction code: a7pw

Book title: Blockchain and Big Data

Author: Jing Di Looking at the sky

Douban score: 6.2

Publisher: People's Posts and Telecommunications Press

Publication year: 2017-6-1

Page Number: 232

Content introduction:

In recent years, while big data has developed rapidly, it is also full of concept hype and faces many difficulties. So, what methods can be used to promote big data to break through the difficulties and achieve a higher level of development? This is the core idea and value of "Blockchain and Big Data (Creating an Intelligent Economy)" edited by Jingdi Wangtian, Wu Yuanwen, Zhao Guodong, and Liu Wenwen.

"Blockchain and Big Data: Building an Intelligent Economy" puts forward the idea of ​​using blockchain technology to solve problems faced in the development of big data. This book is divided into 8 chapters. First, it introduces the rapidly rising blockchain technology by analyzing the difficulties faced by the development of big data, and compares the technological evolution, similarities and differences between the two; then it analyzes the problems existing in data circulation and reveals first introduced the changes brought about by blockchain technology; then introduced the application of blockchain technology in related industries, and began to imagine the combination of blockchain technology and big data. In short, this book stands at the forefront of technological development, provides an in-depth explanation of the integration and development of blockchain and big data, and strives to provide feasible guidance and suggestions for industry development.

About the author:

Looking at the sky from the bottom of the well

Formerly known as Zhou Sha, founder of Silicon Valley venture capital Precision Capital; joined Silicon Valley high-tech in 1996 Industry, he has worked in HP, Alteron, NetScaler, NetScreen and Juniper; he started to found Financial Weekly in 2012 and founded a series of high-tech companies.

Wu Yuanwen

Executive director and general manager of Jingtong Network Technology Co., Ltd.; deputy secretary-general of Zhongguancun Big Data Industry Alliance, director of the Exchange Standards Committee of Zhongguancun Big Data Industry Alliance; former Yangtze River University President of Data Exchange, General Manager of Harbin Big Data Trading Center, Director of Guiyang Big Data Exchange, AsiaInfo Data (Deputy General Manager of Cloud Platform Department).

Zhao Guodong

Secretary-General of Zhongguancun Big Data Industry Alliance, Vice President of Beijing Big Data Research Institute, Independent Director of Huiguan Co., Ltd., Distinguished Tutor of School of Economics and Management of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Degree Office of the State Council Distinguished tutor for master's degree in big data, member of the Big Data Expert Committee of the China Computer Federation, published works such as "Historical Opportunities in the Big Data Era" and "Industrial Internet"; systematically proposed original ideas such as "Three Theory of Alliances": On corporate strategy, proposed The theory of enterprise strategic development with data assets as the core; when it comes to regional economy, the theory of industrial upgrading and industrial agglomeration with the industrial Internet as the unified control is proposed; when it comes to organizational change, the theory of organizational change characterized by the middle market is put forward to guide the development of regional economy and enterprises. ; Known as theThe leader and enlightener of NUS data and industrial Internet.

Liu Wenwen

Chairman of Guiyang Crowdfunding Financial Exchange, Dean of the School of Big Data Finance of Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, and Chairman of the Internet Finance Committee of the China Electronic Commerce Association.

㈦ "Blockchain and Big Data Create a Smart Economy" epub download and read online, please ask for Baidu Netdisk cloud resources

"Blockchain and Big Data Data Creates Intelligent Economy" Jingdi Wangtian/Wu Yuanwen/Zhao Guodong/Liu Wenxian e-book network disk download for free online reading

Link:

Extraction code: hn9a

p>

Book title: Blockchain and big data create a smart economy
Author name: Jingdi Wangtian/Wu Yuanwen/Zhao Guodong/Liu Wenxian
Douban rating: 6.2
Publisher: People's Posts and Telecommunications Press
Publication year: 2017-6-1
Number of pages: 232
Content introduction:
In recent years, while big data has developed rapidly, it is also full of concepts. Hype, facing many difficulties. So, what methods can be used to promote big data to break through the difficulties and achieve a higher level of development? This is the core idea and value of "Blockchain and Big Data (Creating an Intelligent Economy)" edited by Jingdi Wangtian, Wu Yuanwen, Zhao Guodong, and Liu Wenwen. "Blockchain and Big Data: Building an Intelligent Economy" puts forward the idea of ​​using blockchain technology to solve problems faced in the development of big data. This book is divided into 8 chapters. First, it introduces the rapidly rising blockchain technology by analyzing the difficulties faced by the development of big data, and compares the technological evolution, similarities and differences between the two; then it analyzes the problems existing in data circulation and reveals first introduced the changes brought about by blockchain technology; then introduced the application of blockchain technology in related industries, and began to imagine the combination of blockchain technology and big data. In short, this book stands at the forefront of technological development, provides an in-depth explanation of the integration and development of blockchain and big data, and strives to provide feasible guidance and suggestions for industry development.
Introduction to the author:
Jingdi Wangtian, formerly known as Zhou Sha, is the founder of Silicon Valley venture capital Precision Capital; he joined the Silicon Valley high-tech industry in 1996 and worked successively in HP, Alteron, NetScaler, NetScreen and Juniper; in 2012 Started to create a financial weekly newspaper and founded a series of high-tech enterprises.

㈧ Inclusive Financial Blockchain for Social Work

Reprinted from Guo Yan

1. Imagination is Fundamental motivation

Social work is a profession based on practice. It is a discipline that promotes social change and development, improves social cohesion, empowers and liberates human beings. Its service targets are mostly disadvantaged groups in society. , practitioners are called “"Social Worker". The core concept of social work is that everyone is capable and can change.

The concept of Inclusive Finance was proposed by the United Nations in 2005. It refers to providing appropriate and effective financial services at an affordable cost to all social strata and groups in need of financial services. Small and micro enterprises, farmers, urban low-income groups and other vulnerable groups are its key service targets.
< br /> The geek spirit behind the blockchain and its decentralized characteristics are a rebellion against the unequal will hidden behind centralization and authority, and a pursuit of equality, scalability and the return of human trust.< br />
Social fairness and equality, giving ordinary people the rights they deserve, is the common pursuit of social work, inclusive finance and blockchain. The three achieve the same goal through different paths, which corresponds to "Every unknown person has the same goal." You should live with dignity."

Professor Yunus, the founder of Grameen, said that imagination is the fundamental driving force for realizing dreams. Through Professor Yunus, the founder of Grameen, said, Imagination is the fundamental driving force for realizing dreams. By giving full play to the imagination of sociology, social work and financial technology, three people with the same background met and gave birth to the G2G (Group to Group) project. < br />
2. Grameen-Jingtong Technology Inclusive Finance G2G Experiment

Grameen was founded by Bangladeshi banker Professor Yunus, aiming to provide finance to the people at the bottom services, alleviate poverty, and "embrace the untouchables in the financial world." Grameen's philosophy is consistent with the original intention of Jingtong Technology founder Jingdi Wangtian (Zhou Sha) to establish Jingtong in 2014 to promote inclusive finance. At the same time, Grameen’s five-person team and every ten teams form a center. The operating model of node center managers that need to be rotated every year coincides with the decentralized nature of the blockchain; Grameen does not have complicated contracts, and signing on the form is all it takes. Effective, manual accounting, and the features that anyone can view are similar to the open and transparent distributed accounting method of the blockchain. It’s just that Grameen’s manual accounting method has the disadvantage of being inconvenient to spread. Jingtong Technology uses data on the chain to It records and publicizes Grameen’s outstanding credit record of over 99% repayment rate to the market, makes up for the shortcomings of Grameen’s manual accounting method, and brings together more diverse forces to participate.

With the help of Mr. Zhang Pei, Vice President of Jingtong Technology, Grameen became the Jingtong Festival in October 2018Be a node in the ecology and use the G2G project as an opportunity to conduct in-depth cooperation. The first repayment of principal and interest for the first phase of the G2G experimental project was successfully completed on the SWTC public chain on February 28, 2019. I was personally fortunate to become a member of the investment group No. 002 for the second phase of the G2G project on March 21. One member.

Description of the G2G project

1. It not only follows the concept of public welfare, but also follows the laws of the commercial market. The experiment designed an annualized rate of return of 5% to ensure that Grameen members can afford it and at the same time ensure the sustainability of the project. This kind of design enriches the diversity of funding sources and allows more forces in society to participate, which is of great significance.

2. The design of the entire capital flow process absorbs Grameen’s ideas: G2G (Group to Group) group-to-group transaction model design to avoid information blind spots in point-to-point transactions. The investor group is responsible for the capital contribution, and the Grameen member group is the service recipient. There is no creditor-rights relationship between the two parties. Grameen conducts daily operations and management, and the SWTC Foundation is responsible for coordination and supervision. Even if the group defaults, Grameen will coordinate and balance the situation and will not affect the investors' income. Professional people do professional things and perform their duties without interfering with each other. Only in this way can poverty alleviation be more precise and effective.

The operation of the G2G project has richer details, but this is not the focus of this article and will not be detailed here. The spirit behind the G2G project and the care for the people at the bottom are the focus, which is where social work, inclusive finance and blockchain technology shine.

Nietzsche said that life has no meaning, but we have to give it meaning with the spirit of Dionysus. This is the greatest thing about human beings. While one should be wary of all things "great," I personally do want to be able to give my life meaning. It is the feeling given to me by the social work profession, and it is a pretext for self-deception and self-bragging. As an investor, I can participate in the G2G project, grow with Jingtong Technology, and contribute to China’s social work, inclusive finance and It would be an honor to make such a small contribution to the development of blockchain!