柯达公司区块链怎么样,科达股份区块链研究院

柯达公司是一家专业的技术创新型企业，为客户提供高质量的产品和解决方案，其中包括区块链技术。柯达公司的区块链技术受到了广泛的认可，在业界享有盛誉。本文将介绍柯达公司区块链技术的三个关键词：柯达股份区块链研究院、数据安全性和区块链应用。

柯达股份区块链研究院

柯达股份区块链研究院由柯达公司联合知名的区块链企业和学术机构共同成立，旨在推动区块链技术的发展。研究院的主要任务是推动区块链技术的研究与应用，探索区块链技术在金融、电子商务、政府服务等领域的发展潜力，推动区块链技术的普及和应用。研究院为柯达公司提供了完善的技术支持，促进了公司在区块链技术方面的发展。

数据安全性

柯达公司的区块链技术采用了先进的加密技术，可以有效防止数据泄露和篡改。区块链技术的安全性高于传统的数据存储技术，能够有效防止黑客攻击和数据泄露。此外，柯达公司的区块链技术还可以保护用户的隐私，确保数据的安全性。

区块链应用

柯达公司的区块链技术可以应用于多个领域，例如金融、电子商务、政府服务等。区块链技术可以有效降低交易成本，提高交易效率，从而改善用户体验。此外，区块链技术还可以促进数据共享，改善数据管理，保护用户数据的安全性。柯达公司的区块链技术可以为客户提供更安全、高效的服务，促进社会发展。

总之，柯达公司的区块链技术受到广泛认可，柯达股份区块链研究院的成立为公司提供了强大的技术支持，安全性高于传统技术，可以应用于多个领域，促进了社会发展。

请查看相关英文文档

❶ Cryptocurrency in English

Cryptocurrency

Cryptocurrency

❷ KKFARM "Blockchain technology accelerates digital content asset authorization and profit sharing efficiency

Riding on the blockchain technology trend driven by digital cryptocurrency, KKFARM, a cultural and entertainment industry investment company supported by the Ministry of Culture, through its Its blockchain creative industry agreement "Muzeum" combines the key technologies of Ethereum blockchain, Bitmark blockchain and IPFS (Interstellar File System) to allow music content and image content to be authorized for use in a more efficient and secure manner. , thereby accelerating the development of various audio and video creative contents, and also allowing creators to produce content for faster licensing and use.

KKFARM (Koke ​​Farm), which has a close relationship with KKBOX, first conceived the application of the "Muzeum" blockchain creative industry agreement in April last year, and received support from the Ministry of Culture, hoping to use blockchain technology Accelerate the efficiency of traditional creative content authorization, while helping to ensure that authorized content is not used by malicious late models.

In the traditional process, if a content user wants to obtain the content authorization from the creator, it will take roughly 2-3 days from the beginning of contact and communication until the two parties complete the contract and formally obtain the authorized content and actual application. The starting time is three months, and it also includes a potentially relatively complicated licensing profit sharing model. Including creators and agent licensing companies, they have to wait at least 3-6 months to get actual profit sharing. Therefore, KKFARM hopes to make the entire authorization process simple through decentralization, and at the same time make content authorization more secure through digital encryption.

In the "Muzeum" blockchain creative industry agreement application, KKFARM uses Bitmark technology to encrypt digital content and mark content ownership and other information. Each authorization uses an independent BitmarkID to mark the authorized content. The IPFS file system standardizes the format of digital content encrypted and marked by Bitmark technology, and supports distributed storage management applications. In addition to ensuring the reliability of data storage on the network, it can also speed up the overall access efficiency of digital content.

In the entire licensing, use management and revenue sharing parts, a smart contract system can be established using Ethereum blockchain technology, which will identify the copyright holder for each content authorization , profit sharers, and the proportions obtained by each profit sharer. Once the authorized content is used to generate profits, funds can be automatically allocated to different profit sharers according to each profit share ratio, thereby reducing the overall communication round-trip, repeated processes of obtaining authorization and confirmation.

In addition to the digital content "assets" that will be used in encrypted form, the actual profit sharing will also be traded in the form of digital currency, but currently only supports the Ethereum transaction mode, KKFARM said that he will continue to cooperate with more bank operators in the future, and plans to be able to trade in legal currencies including the New Taiwan Dollar in the future. During this transaction process, although digital currencies including Ethereum will still be traded, the actual code will mainly be used as a reference for cooperative bankers to allocate funds, rather than representing the actual remittance amount.

In addition, although currently "Muzeum" can ensure that digital content is not misappropriated by others during the authorization process, content licensors still cannot intuitively track how the externally authorized content is used and where it is used. It is currently unable to compete with other services that also provide licensing using blockchain technology, such as the image creator licensing trading platform proposed by Kodak earlier this year, so there are obviously more parts that need to be improved in the future. However, KKFARM also emphasized that through the interoperability characteristics of Ethereum blockchain technology, different blockchain technology applications can still be interchanged with each other through universal digital currencies, and the purpose of connecting different authorized trading platforms can still be achieved.

KKFARM stated that the proposed "Muzeum" blockchain creative industry agreement mainly hopes to accelerate the further flexible use of digital content assets, thereby generating more development opportunities for digital content creation applications, such as the speed of change If the fast game industry wants to obtain music content authorization, it can use blockchain technology to legally obtain authorized content faster and avoid the long wait for authorization, which will lead to the loss of development opportunities in the current stage of the game market.

Based on the current development goals of the "Muzeum" blockchain creative industry agreement, it will first focus on providing a standard framework to accelerate the digital content authorization process and ensure the security of authorized content. There is currently no established commercial profit target. Rather, we hope to first focus on expanding market application demand.

Regarding the application of blockchain technology, KKFARM said that the most important core is the encryption protection and labeling certification of digital assets, thereby making the interchange and access of digital assets easier and faster, but it is not omnipotent. It can completely prevent piracy, malicious copying, etc., so it will not be planned to have the same usage model as digital rights management (DRM). The main purpose is to help speed up the circulation of digital content assets and legally authorize their use.

❸ Blockchain is popular...but what exactly is blockchain?

Blockchain is popular...but what is blockchain?
What is blockchain? Blockchain?
On the Internet, the definition of blockchain is:
Blockchain is a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithms. It is essentially a decentralized database and serves as the underlying technology of Bitcoin. Blockchain is a series of data blocks generated using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains information about a Bitcoin network transaction and is used to verify the validity of its information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block.
…What? Please speak human words, thank you!

Blockchain is essentially a decentralized database, this sentence is the key point. Let’s first talk about what decentralization is.
To give an example that is familiar to all of us, Xiao Wang wants to borrow a sum of money from Xiao Zhou, but what should he do if Xiao Wang refuses to repay the loan? At this time, the bank man came out and people completed the process of borrowing money through the bank. The bank here acts as a central credit intermediary. Just like when you go to Taobao to buy things, Taobao also acts as a central intermediary platform. Decentralization means completing transactions directly without going through a bank, but without a credit center, how to ensure the security of transactions?
At this time, Xiao Wang thought of a way. He shouted directly in the crowd: Xiao Wang borrowed 500 yuan from Xiao Zhou. So everyone in the crowd who heard it, Zhang San, Li Si, Wang Wu, and Zhao Liu, all said: I heard it, Xiao Wang borrowed 500 yuan from Xiao Zhou. And write this sentence in his personal account book. Each account book is connected according to the rules. It is impossible for Xiao Wang to default on the account.
In the end, the generally recognized ledger will only increase, not decrease. Subsequent passers-by will continue to record accounts from the recognized ledger.

The picture comes from Zhihu user-Wang Le-LaiW3n
In general, the blockchain is a distributed public ledger, and anyone can verify this public ledger. But no single user can control it. Participants in the blockchain system will jointly maintain the update of the ledger: it can only be modified according to strict rules and consensus, and there is a very exquisite design behind this.

Many people equate blockchain with Bitcoin, but it is not. Blockchain technology is the underlying technology of Bitcoin. Without the operation and management of any centralized organization, Bitcoin has been running very stably for many years without any problems. Therefore, some people have noticed its underlying technology and regarded Bitcoin technology as the underlying technology. Extract it abstractly and call it blockchain technology, or distributed ledger technology.
Bitcoin is just a successful application of blockchain technology. In addition, many people equate ICO and blockchain, which is also wrong. Blockchain is just a technology, and ICO is a project completed through this technology.

How popular is blockchain
In fact, blockchain, as the underlying architecture of Bitcoin, has long been known to people. Why has it become popular again just two weeks after 2018? This has to be mentioned. It’s the famous investor Xu Xiaoping.
Xu Xiaoping’s early words in an internal WeChat group encouraging the embrace of the blockchain revolution went viral:
“This is a great technological revolution in which those who follow it will prosper and those who go against it will perish. Subversion will be more rapid and thorough than the Internet and mobile Internet."

After concluding this speech, he warned not to spread the word. Of course, word got out, and what followed was continued discussion about blockchain.
For a time, as long as it is a listed company with "blockchain", the stock priceAll started to rise sharply.
Even Kodak, which was already "dying" before, "sit up in shock" - after announcing its entry into the blockchain field and launching the virtual currency "Kodak Coin", Kodak's stock price soared by about 120%. The Hong Kong stock market even had a piece of news that made people laugh or cry: a company called "Pingshan Tea" announced that it would change its name to Blockchain Group. Against the background of the hype around the A-share blockchain concept, it actually rose by 23%.

From professional investors to aunts, blockchain has become an “Internet celebrity” supported by capital and even talked about on the street. The network index of blockchain is also soaring.

Is it worth the investment?
So is "blockchain" worth investing in? Let’s take a look at the statements of the “big guys”:
Facebook founder Zuckerberg: Will explore the application of encryption technology and virtual cryptocurrency in Facebook.
Xu Xiaoping, founder of ZhenFund: all in blockchain, recommends that entrepreneurs should understand blockchain, understand ICO, and enter the blockchain era while focusing on their own business. Don’t have any doubts or hesitation about blockchain, and immediately mobilize all employees to embrace blockchain.
JPMorgan Chase Chairman and CEO Jamie Dimon: Bitcoin is a fraud, but he appreciates the blockchain technology behind it. Blockchain is a technology, a great technology. We will use blockchain, and blockchain will help in many ways.
Warren Buffett (according to media reports): It is almost certain that digital currencies will eventually end in tragedy. I will never hold any digital currencies myself. But in what form the tragedy appears, I don’t know. Bitcoin is an "out-and-out bubble" because we cannot measure what price Bitcoin should have. This asset cannot create value, so it has no meaning at all and is a bubble.
Soros: US$100 million invested in OVERSTOCK, a blockchain-based equity exchange.
The legends about blockchain all reflect the ultimate human dream of getting rich overnight: someone bought hundreds of thousands of Bitcoins, forgot his password, and was greeted by tens of billions of assets, not knowing what tomorrow will bring. Whichever comes first.
But don’t forget that blockchain is just a technology. Technology is neutral, but it is human nature that determines the direction and outcome of technology. At present, blockchain technology is still in its infancy, and many projects have not yet been implemented. Like an infant in swaddling clothes, it cannot withstand unrealistic pursuit or stick killing, nor can it withstand various unproven hype and labels.
The worst consequence is: if you only think about buying coins to make money, you will end up being cut like a leek.

❹ What is "Blockchain"

Blockchain technology is a technology that jointly maintains reliable databases through decentralization and elimination of trust. Four keywords can be used to describe blockchain technology: trust reduction, decentralization, collective maintenance and reliable database.

When we talk about the concept of "blockchain", Bitcoin is definitely a topic that will not be ignored. In recent years, Bitcoin has begun to enter the public eye, especially in 2017, which has continued to skyrocket throughout the year, making many people aware of this emerging thing.

Blockchain is actually the underlying technology of Bitcoin. Bitcoin exists because people on the Internet who don’t know each other can move and trade digital currency through the Bitcoin network. And this is driven by blockchain technology. All Bitcoin transactions are recorded on the blockchain ledger. To a certain extent, in the application of Bitcoin, the blockchain plays the role of the underlying database of the bank transaction system. Both are for "keeping accounts". Although it is not very prudent to refer to the blockchain directly as a "database", for the sake of ease of understanding, let's temporarily call it a decentralized, shared and encrypted database. If described in professional terms, blockchain is a distributed ledger technology.

Blockchain can usually be divided into the following types:

1. Public blockchain. Anyone can access data on a public blockchain, and anyone can issue transactions waiting to be written to the blockchain. Participants in the consensus process (corresponding to miners in Bitcoin at the time) maintain the security of the database through cryptography and built-in economic incentives.

2. Collaborative blockchain. The nodes participating in the blockchain are pre-selected, and there are likely to be good network connections between the nodes. Other consensus algorithms other than proof-of-work can be used on such a blockchain. For example, a blockchain has been established among a hundred financial institutions, and it is stipulated that more than two-thirds of the institutions must agree to reach a consensus. The data on such a blockchain can be either public or shared internally by these node participants.

3. Private blockchain. The participating nodes are only individual users, and the access and use of data are subject to strict permission management. Most of the internally used blockchain technologies announced by some financial institutions recently are vague and may fall into this range.

The blockchain is a public ledger. There is no centralized hardware or management organization. Anyone can automatically verify the authenticity of the ledger and easily discover whether the ledger has been tampered with by others.

In a word, the blockchain is a public ledger that can be verified by everyone.

The concept of being verifiable by everyone is crucial to blockchain.

Bitcoin uses the blockchain to record all transactions, so anyone knows the number of Bitcoins on each account.

So, as a publicly verifiable ledger, what are some use cases for blockchain?

In fact, there are many use cases that can be thought of. Blockchain is suitable for any data that can be recorded on a public ledger. Here are 4 examples:

1. Decentralized domain name server,That is domain currency. The domain name server is actually a ledger that records domain names.

2. Trustless public key encryption, such as https that discards unreliable certification authorities.

3. Ownership records, truthfully record the items and their corresponding owners.

4. Contracts and performance guarantees, the account book truthfully records the parties to the contract and saves the contract text.

But don’t forget that blockchain also has a very important component.

The ledger recorded using blockchain technology will always be updated. New data such as transactions, domain name inputs, records and contracts will be converted into hash values ​​of the same length by the hash algorithm and saved. However, hashing algorithms are not only not free but also very expensive.

Therefore, the ledger itself needs to have a recognition system to recognize the person who enters the block hash value.

In Bitcoin, this system is called mining and is rooted in the Bitcoin protocol. Bitcoin miners use a hash algorithm to convert transactions waiting for verification into hash values, and charge a certain amount of Bitcoin as a service fee.

Therefore, for non-monetary use cases, blockchain needs to find a way to bear the high cost of hashing algorithms.

I would like to remind everyone that my answer mainly focuses on the possible use cases of blockchain technology, and does not cover all aspects of blockchain, such as why hashing algorithms are so expensive. I'm sure you can find a lot of detailed information about Bitcoin and other blockchain applications online.

Supplement

Although blockchain technology has many advantages, there are still some less than ideal use cases. For example, there is no way to convert Bitcoin into any national currency; a ledger with billions of data entries would take up space and be impractical.

Bitcoin has shown the world that blockchain technology is feasible in principle, and people are also trying to solve these increasingly prominent problems, such as technological transformation of Bitcoin or the introduction of a completely Different blockchain technologies. I think the following two methods are worth trying: one is to split the ledger according to certain standards such as the payer address, and the other is to introduce a main blockchain to verify the sub-blockchain. Blockchain technology is ever-changing and dazzling, and it’s unknown whether someone is already making such an attempt. But Bitcoin is still the world's first currency blockchain, what others call a cryptocurrency.

Whether in the technology circle or the financial circle, blockchain has become the hottest word, no one. Blockchain has core advantages such as decentralization and trustlessness, and can perfectly solve problems such as information asymmetry, high transaction costs, and trust of strangers in the development of the sharing economy, making "individual economy" possible. Based on this, blockchain technology is considered to be the nextAfter steam engines, electricity, information and Internet technologies, the core technologies currently have the greatest potential to trigger the fifth wave of disruptive revolutions.

In this context, a blockchain craze was born in society, and everyone praised it overwhelmingly. Dialectics tells us that everything has flaws, and only by seeing the pros and cons of things can we make rational decisions. Therefore, in this article, Xue Hongyan (Hong Yanweiyu), a senior researcher at Suning Financial Research Institute, focuses on pouring some cold water on the blockchain.

| What is Blockchain

Blockchain, English Blockchain, has a rather mysterious technological flavor in its name, and can be simply broken down into "data blocks" and "links". Each data block contains all the information exchange data of the system within a certain period of time, and is encrypted using cryptographic methods; the link means that each block has a link relationship with the next block, thus forming a blockchain.

It is generally believed that blockchain has two major characteristics: decentralization and trustlessness. A brief introduction is as follows:

Since each block contains all the information exchange data of the system within a specific period of time, Therefore, each block is equal, and the damage of a single block does not affect the security of the entire system, so the blockchain has decentralized characteristics.

Similarly, since each block contains all the information of the system, the authenticity of the information can be cross-verified. Only by breaking through more than 51% of the nodes can the information be tampered with. In a large enough blockchain system , the cost is extremely high, it can be considered that the information in the blockchain is true, so the blockchain has the characteristics of trustlessness.

Most people’s understanding of blockchain begins with Bitcoin. The relationship between the two is that blockchain is the underlying technology and concept, and Bitcoin is only the most popular application of blockchain at present. .

Maybe the above is not popular enough. Finally, let me summarize, what do you think the blockchain is? Is it a disruptive new technology? NO! According to Xue Hongyan (Hong Yanweiyu), a senior researcher at Suning Financial Research Institute, blockchain is not so much a new technology as it is a new ideological concept. The information encryption and other technologies included in the blockchain have been around for a long time, and it is more of a conceptual innovation. This is also the reason why the blockchain has a huge impact. New technologies will be surpassed sooner or later, ranging from one or two years to four to five years; only innovative ideas have enough energy to affect all aspects of the economy and society.

| Blockchain is expected to change the underlying rules of the financial system

In applications in the financial field, blockchain will change the transaction process and record keeping methods, thus significantly reducing transaction costs. It has significantly improved efficiency and is considered to have a broad market environment in digital currency, cross-border payment and clearing, bill trading, securities issuance and trading, property rights transactions, customer credit reporting, anti-fraud, and anti-money laundering.

Such a good technology is naturally sought after by everyone. andLike many traditional financial people, Hong Yanweiyu was resistant at first, thinking that this thing was not that great, and did not do any research specifically. Later, as the research on financial technology gradually deepened, it was discovered that blockchain was an obstacle that could not be bypassed, because whether it was robo-advisory, big data risk control or online lending, they were only technological innovations at the financial business level and risk control level. It has not penetrated the bottom layer of the financial system. What is the underlying layer of the financial system? Naturally, it is payment and settlement, transaction rules and system interaction. What the blockchain changes is precisely the underlying rules.

Therefore, throughout the world, financial institutions are the most active in researching blockchain. If nothing else, they are really afraid. After the decentralization and trustless features of the blockchain are fully utilized, what else will the intermediaries of financial institutions do? It is estimated that this is also the first feeling of many people who have a preliminary understanding of blockchain.

In this article, Hong Yanweiyu focuses on pouring cold water on this view.

| Subverting the financial system, blockchain still faces two mountains

Marxist dialectics tells us that everything has two sides. The more prominent the advantages, the more obvious the flaws. It’s just the perspective. Just different. The two major problems with blockchain subverting the financial system lie precisely in the two major advantages of decentralization and trustlessness.

First, let’s talk about decentralization. First, we need to clarify a truth. Does centralization necessarily mean low efficiency? Of course not. Within a specific scope, the concentration of resources brought about by centralization can greatly improve efficiency. This is also the reason why human beings evolve from individuals to villages to tribes and then to countries in the process of evolution. Take UnionPay as an example. UnionPay is the clearing and settlement center for the domestic banking industry. After UnionPay is established, each bank only needs to connect with UnionPay to realize transactions with all banks. If it is decentralized, without UnionPay, each bank will need to When communicating with all counterparties, which one is more efficient? Therefore, there is no need to beat centralization to death with a stick. The decentralization feature of blockchain is destined to only play a role in specific fields (that is, fields that are not suitable for centralization). How can it subvert everything?

Furthermore, it is a matter of trust. There is nothing wrong with detrusting itself, but the technical logic behind it is deeply flawed. Blockchain relies on universal accounting to achieve trustlessness, that is, all transaction information is retained in each block for system cross-verification to identify authenticity. Here comes the problem. Each block retains all transaction information. There is no problem on a small blockchain. However, as more and more information is added, it will inevitably lead to an explosive growth of transaction information and will also bring information. Dramatic increase in storage costs. At the same time, the greater the amount of information, the longer cross-validation takes and the lower the efficiency. Therefore, the blockchain solves the trust problem, but it brings about rising costs and declining efficiency.

Nothing in the world is perfect, and the same is true for blockchain.

As a conclusion, what Hongyanweiyu wants to clarify is that blockchain, as a concept innovation,It is indeed of great value and can also have a disruptive impact in specific fields. However, the current one-sided thinking about blockchain is problematic. Eastern wisdom tells us that "the most brilliant way is the golden mean." In the face of anything, it is wisest to maintain the golden mean.

(Text/Xue Hongyan, senior researcher at Suning Financial Research Institute; WeChat public account: Hongyan Weiyu)

As early as a few years ago, the word "mining" came with Bitcoin is well known for its popularity. Many people know about Bitcoin first and then the blockchain, and they even don’t know about the blockchain yet. By definition, blockchain is a series of data blocks generated using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains information about a Bitcoin network transaction, which is used to verify the validity (anti-counterfeiting) and generation of its information. Next block.

I am not a computer technology expert. The following introduction to blockchain comes from reading and comments from expert friends and is for reference only.

If you want to use one word to explain blockchain, it is: distributed accounting.

To understand what this word means, you need to first understand that traditional accounting has a center. For example, in a bank, when you withdraw money from a bank deposit or lend money to others through the bank, the bank is the center. All these transactions are based on the bank's credit. What if the bank cheats? Or is it more serious, is the country cheating? The Kuomintang's indiscriminate issuance of gold yuan notes at the end of its rule in mainland China, as well as the hyperinflation in Weimar Germany and Zimbabwe, which made the currency less valuable than toilet paper, are very famous examples.

Golden Yuan Coupons

This is the problem that blockchain is aimed at. They believe that decentralized accounting is non-modifiable and non-repudiable. How to achieve decentralized accounting? The basic idea is that all users store all transaction records, and through mathematical methods, it becomes very difficult to illegally modify the ledger. In this way, the reliability of the ledger is guaranteed.

Specifically, all users exhaustively enumerate random number variables, and the first user to obtain a specific required hash function value (Hash) will have the right to record this round of transactions and obtain the corresponding Bitcoins award. It is transmitted in the form of data blocks, and the data blocks are connected into a chain by appending at the end, so it is called a block chain.

After listening to the introduction, you may feel that this idea is interesting, but it is not as exciting or revolutionary as advertised. Your feeling is right. In fact, the basic logic of blockchain has some unavoidable problems.

For example, the current size of the complete Bitcoin public ledger has exceeded 150 G, and is rapidly increasing at a rate of tens of G per year - just to support 5 million users and 30 million transactions per year. If one day its processing capacity is comparable to the current Alipay, then the size of the Bitcoin ledger will increase by more than 500 T every year. This is equivalent to backing up the Alipay server's storage data on all users' personal computers. Do you think this is a good idea?

For another example, in the traditional banking system, if you lose your password, it is no big deal. Just report it to the system in time, and your wealth will not disappear. But in the blockchain system, if you lose your password, it will be a huge trouble, and your currency will not be recovered. Not happy? Is it surprising?

Blockchain is a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithms. The so-called consensus mechanism is a mathematical algorithm to establish trust and obtain rights and interests between different nodes in the blockchain system

In layman’s terms, it is to play mahjong. Four people can take turns to be the banker, and each other can shoot four people. They all have their own ledger records, but if you want to modify the ledger, you must have more than 50% of the modification rights, so the cost of cheating on the ledger is very high.

In the future, blockchain will be used more in finance to combat money laundering and fraud, because all information can be traced, and in culture it can be used for copyright protection, etc.

< /p>

I have seen a lot of people’s explanations of blockchain in official terms, and some may not even be clear to the person explaining it. I will explain blockchain in vernacular below to ensure that everyone can read it. Gotta understand.

What is blockchain? Let me give an analogy. In 50 years, you can buy an electric fan from the supermarket. This electric fan will automatically help you mine coins while using the electric fan. When you use the electric fan, you can automatically mine coins. When the fan breaks down, you can use the mined coins to repair the electric fan. Of course, you can also use the mined coins to buy a new electric fan. Many people think wrongly! Wouldn’t the profits of merchants be less? Let me tell you about a certain brand. When the products of this brand are sold to you, the products themselves may even be sold to you at a loss. However, once the number of users becomes large and the users become more sticky, they can be paid through membership fees or service fees. Such small fees or other ways to make profits. Just like this, the mined coins can be purchased and repaired. Although the merchant's profit may be reduced, the merchant has gained more users and greater user stickiness. By this time, it only takes a minute for the merchant to make money.

And the electric fan you bought is equivalent to winding it up for you. What is winding up? If you put your electric fan on the street now, and 10 people come to snatch it, you have no way to prove that the ownership of this electric fan is yours. Once you put it on the chain, it is equivalent to being tied to you. Once it’s settled, you can prove it.

Therefore, the essence of blockchain is to help make people’s lives more convenient, which is equivalent to the InternetIt has been upgraded based on the Internet to become more secure and convenient. This is the blockchain! It's that simple.

The security of the blockchain is reflected in its irreversibility and the data cannot be tampered with. We all know that in today's society, any data can be modified and conquered by hackers, but the data in the blockchain is impossible to change. Once generated, it cannot be modified unless all users in the blockchain work together. Agree to modify the data, but this is unlikely to happen.

At present, the blockchain is still very immature, just like the Internet bubble burst in 2000. When the bubble bursts, a truly valuable blockchain Internet will be hatched. company.

The wheel of history will not go backwards. Many people are unwilling to accept blockchain. Just like telling you that you can shop online 20 years ago, this is the same ridiculous thing. Time will eventually prove it. .

1. The main function of blockchain is to store information. Any information that needs to be saved can be written to the blockchain and read from it, so it is a database.

2. Anyone can set up a server, join the blockchain network and become a node. In the world of blockchain, there is no central node. Every node is equal and stores the entire database. You can write/read data to any node, because all nodes will eventually be synchronized to ensure that the blockchain is consistent.

3. Everyone works on the same blockchain, everyone publicly shares the current state of the blockchain, everyone agrees on the rules for new data submission and tampering with the blockchain is prohibited. It is difficult to operate in terms of computing power.

If we assume that the database is a ledger, reading and writing the database is an accounting behavior:

Anyone can verify this public ledger, but there is no single The user can control it. Participants in the blockchain system will jointly maintain the update of the ledger: it can only be modified according to strict rules and consensus, and there is a very exquisite design behind this.

(1) Accounting, the system will find the person with the fastest and best accounting within a period of time, let this person do the accounting, and then broadcast the information on this page of the account book to everyone else on the entire network. node, which is equivalent to changing the database record; (consensus mechanism, cryptography)

(2) Verification, other valid nodes in the entire network check the correctness of the block accounting, and stamp the time Stamp to confirm that the block is legal; (timestamp, mathematics)

(3) Form a single chain, that is, compete for the next block after the previous legal block; (smart contract, encryption technology)

p>

(4) Storage, the account book is stored in blocks. As transactions increase, new data blocks will be appended to the existing chain to form a chain structure; (distributed structure, information technology(Technology)

(5) Backup, every participating trader is a node of the block network, and each node has a complete backup of the public account book, which is a distributed ledger.

Features

1. The blockchain has no administrator and is completely centerless. It is precisely because it cannot be managed that the blockchain cannot be controlled. Without an administrator, everyone can write data into it. In order to ensure the trustworthiness of the data: the technology of blockchain makes it impossible to tamper with the data once it is written.

2. Close to zero trust cost.

The cycle time required for Internet companies to build their credit is extremely long. For example, Taobao often takes several years to build its credit. In the blockchain, everyone trusts the code, algorithm and rules, so the cost of trust is extremely low.

3. The marginal cost of constructing and trading assets approaches zero.

If traditional assets are to be used for trading, they need to rely heavily on third parties, such as investment banks, banks, securities firms, etc., for packaging and endorsement, and the fees and thresholds are extremely high. With blockchain, these will not be a problem, and the cost is extremely low.

The value transfer attribute of the blockchain also naturally solves the payment problem, and has the genes to support global payments.

Blockchain, simply put, is the underlying technology that supports ICO (virtual currency). The popular Bitcoin is an application of ICO. In other words, the connotation of blockchain is richer, and its main features are:

1. Blockchain is equivalent to digital trust. Both parties to the transaction can independently enter into digital contracts, and companies providing blockchain services are equivalent to Digital trust company;

2. The purpose and characteristics of blockchain are "3 de-intermediaries" - de-intermediation, de-currency, de-sovereignty; yes

3. Bitcoin is An application of blockchain, Bitcoin is a cryptocurrency, and all blockchains apply digital encryption technology;

4. The "3 Go" feature is targeted at the financial industry, and only when high frequency is required Blockchain is only needed in the financial field of transactions;

5. Large platforms with a user base are more suitable for applying blockchain, and small companies’ participation is of little value, so Zuckerberg’s 2018 New Year’s wish includes To study digital cryptocurrency. Kodak also launched a digital currency, sending its stock price soaring.

Furthermore, when it comes to Bitcoin, it can be cashed out and exchanged into the currencies of most countries. Users can use Bitcoin to purchase some virtual items, and they can also use Bitcoin to purchase real-life items. In this sense, Bitcoin is similar to the world's currency, close to gold.

Peter Thiel, co-founder of PayPal and early investor in Facebook, believes that Bitcoin is "undervalued"" and compared it to gold. He said: "If one day Bitcoin becomes the online equivalent of gold, then it will have room for appreciation. "

But on January 3, "People's Daily" issued an article saying, "Whether it is from the perspective of the increase or the value of the currency itself, there is a bubble in the price of Bitcoin. This is an issue that needs no discussion. "Data shows that in the past 2017, Bitcoin experienced skyrocketing gains and losses: within a year, the price skyrocketed about 20 times, and fell by more than 40% in one day.

Indeed, Bitcoin has risks. However, blockchain with richer connotations obviously still has greater room for development.

Last night, screenshots of Xu Xiaoping, founder of ZhenFund, encouraged to embrace the blockchain revolution in an internal group were posted online. In In his view, the blockchain revolution has indeed arrived. “I strongly encourage everyone internally to embrace the blockchain revolution and learn blockchain technology. This is my understanding after long-term observation and thinking. I feel responsible. Tell our entrepreneurs. I don’t want my views on blockchain to be misunderstood as my views on ICOs. ”

However, in the context of Internet companies and investment institutions collectively entering the market, the government will definitely take measures.

Recently, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has expressed concerns about this and shelved the proposal of two American companies to launch a Bitcoin exchange-traded fund (ETF).

In fact, this is a matter of time. Because of the blockchain The "3 go" characteristics are inherently contradictory to government centralization.

❺ What are the ecosystems of blockchain?

Cryptocurrency has developed to this day and has become popular. "Blockchain technology" and the development of blockchain technology have become what everyone expects. In our country, whether it is giant companies such as BATJ (Network, Alibaba, Tencent, JD.com) or "newcomers" such as Didi and OFO, "Rising" companies are actively exploring blockchain technology. Throughout the world, Walmart, Mastercard,
IBM, and giant automobile manufacturers are all trying to use blockchain technology to solve industry pain points. In addition, there are Companies such as Japan's Kodak, which are in decline, hope to fight a "turnaround" through blockchain.
What do these phenomena mean? It shows that blockchain technology has very great commercial value. Who Everyone hopes to open up a new world in this unknown land. Therefore, with the development of blockchain technology this year, it is no longer just a simple underlying technology, but has formed a complete ecosystem. Below we will Let’s talk to you from the two aspects of “coin circle” and “chain circle”: what is the ecosystem of the blockchain like, and let you understand the whole picture of the blockchain industry.
Section 1 Coin Circle
In the currency circle, these terms are always important: project parties, exchanges, media, and mining machine manufacturers. Next, let’s take a detailed inventory of what is going on.
1. Project Party
Project parties in the currency circle can understand it this way: anyone who issues tokens is the project party. Note, it is a currency circle. There are also some project parties that do not issue coins, such as Alibaba, Tencent, and NetEase, which are also working on blockchain projects. They do not issue coins and only focus on technology. What about these project parties that do not issue coins? It mainly focuses on the role of blockchain in data security and supply chain, which we will mention later.
Going back to the topic of project parties in the currency circle, for example, the recently controversial Elastos and the previous Tron are all project parties in the currency circle, as well as the recently popular blockchain games. They also belong to the currency circle project team when it comes to earning tokens in games.
A subversive aspect of the currency circle project is that it combines the project and the token, directly replacing the equity with the token, and the token can be directly circulated. This is a very revolutionary feature that allows many initial projects to more easily raise funds. After financing, the feedback tokens can be circulated on digital currency trading platforms, and investors can also exit well.
This "financing-investment" approach seems to be another way to realize the circulation of equity listings and transactions in disguise.
So, it is this kind of model that makes the currency circle project team the place closest to money. It is easy for them to trap money. Of course, it is also easy for them to be tempted, or have planned for a long time, and run away after trapping money. road. The detailed process for project parties to issue tokens is generally as follows:
The first step is to make a token system, which is similar to making an app application. This is not very complicated because Ethereum is open source. Similar to Android and Apple systems, developers can develop specific applications on it;
The second step is to write a white paper, which is similar to a business plan. The white paper is similar to a business plan and mainly includes the team situation of the project. , technical status and other information;
The third step is to find someone to endorse and find some influential industry figures to promote it;
The fourth step is to start promotion and marketing, find some blockchain media to promote Soft articles, cooperation, we will mention this below;
The fifth step is to find financing;
The sixth step is to go to the exchange, and the token begins to spread widely.
2. Exchange
After talking about the project side, let’s talk about the exchange. If the project party is a producer, then the things they produce must be sold and traded, right? The exchange is a trading place for project party tokens. If the project team's token is similar to a stock, then the exchange in the currency circle is similar to the secondary market of the stock market. It’s just that exchanges in the currency circle have more power. They have the right to review currency listings and can decide to list or delist currencies.
Of course, if the project team wants to list the currency, it has to pay a huge fee to the exchange for listing the currency. When investors trade in the exchange, they also need to pay handling fees or withdrawal fees. Each exchange has handling fee and withdrawal fee rules. Not all the same. In fact, listing fees, handling fees, and withdrawal fees constitute the fees of currency exchanges.Profit model, of course, in addition to these three profit models, the exchange's profit model also includes: "market maker" business to earn price differences, that is, the exchange creates liquidity through continuous buying and selling, acts as a market maker, and earns at the same time Business spread.
Currently, due to the increasingly fierce competition in the industry, listing fees and handling fees will become less and less, or even unnecessary, so regular profits will account for less and less, and other profits will appear. Model, for example: platform currency, leverage fee. Let’s talk about the platform currency first. Platform coins are coins issued by exchanges: OKB and Binance Coin are platform coins. These platform coins issued by exchanges can be exchanged for BTC and ETH. At the same time, the increase in the value of the platform coins themselves can lay a solid foundation for the development of the exchange. For users, holding platform currency can enjoy benefits such as handling fee discounts, platform dividends, and special activities of the exchange. This is the platform currency. The leverage fee is the currency financing function on the platform, which supports margin trading and charges a certain percentage of handling fees to currency financing users.
The above mentioned are actually ecosystems built through the exchange’s own resource output. Now, exchanges are actively deploying the entire industry to obtain income, such as establishing capital, mining pools, wallets, incubators, engineering academies, funds, etc. We believe that if the exchange wants to develop in the long term, it must deploy the entire industry chain, find new hot spots in the industry, and build a complete ecosystem. Therefore, it must increase the proportion of strategic profits.
3. Blockchain Media
In the past two years when blockchain has become popular, not only have there been many project parties, but also media have sprung up like mushrooms after a rain. Currently, there are about 200 well-known blockchain media. Go home. The content on the blockchain media platform probably revolves around the following points: policies, hackers, exchanges, bosses, and project parties. In addition to text, the operation method of blockchain media also includes community activities, such as inviting “big guys” to join the group to share. In this way, high-quality content can be accumulated and some traffic can be earned at the same time.
Why must we mention blockchain media? It’s because there are actually some differences between blockchain media and the media in our impressions. What's the difference? The difference is that there are some interests between the blockchain media and the project parties and exchanges mentioned above. We just said that the project side is like a "producer" and the exchange is like a "sales market". Then, the role played by the media is like an "advertising platform". If a project wants to sell well, it needs publicity and advertising, so blockchain media plays such a role. Therefore, the investors of some blockchain media are now project parties and exchanges.
The recent period has been a bear market, and many blockchain media have laid off large-scale layoffs. The reason is simply a shortage of projects and insufficient funds. Therefore, if blockchain media simply relies on investment from project parties and exchanges, as well as advertising revenue, it is actually far from enough. When the bear market comes and project parties and exchanges are affected, then the media will inevitably face a very serious situation. CruelWinter. Therefore, many blockchain media are now also issuing tokens to project parties (the most typical ones are content communities such as Bihu and Biche, which both belong to a media platform and issue tokens to project parties), or some Blockchain media is doing business such as wallets and selling mining machines and renting computing power.
However, we believe that blockchain media, as a media, still plays a role in guiding public opinion after all. Therefore, it is still necessary to return to the essence and be a place to transmit industry value information, rather than a place to pile up advertisements. Therefore, blockchain media should still keep up with the development of technology to achieve its own survival and development, relying on the advantages of blockchain technology and based on the consensus mechanism in the token system to achieve a reasonable distribution of interests in the media industry. In this aspect, there may be some room for imagination.
4. Mining machine manufacturers
Bitcoin mining is ultimately a competition for computing power. Whoever has stronger computing power has a greater chance of mining Bitcoin. Therefore, in the entire business system of the currency circle, mining machine manufacturers are an existence that cannot be ignored. Let’s look at a piece of data and we’ll know: In the blockchain industry on the Hurun Report 2018, the richest person is Mr. Zhan Ketuan, a partner from the mining machine manufacturer Bitmain. In addition, according to the prospectus, Bitmain’s net profit in the first half of the year was US$743 million, an increase of nearly 8 times year-on-year. It once occupied more than 70% of the global Bitcoin mining machine market share and became the leader in the mining machine industry. Not only mining machines, Bitmain still occupies a near-monopoly position in mining pools (that is, a cooperative mining model): as of now, the top six mining pools in the world account for 79.2% of the computing power.
Another company that researches mining machine chips - "Canaan", after inventing China's first Bitcoin mining machine, began to engage in research on chips in the fields of blockchain and artificial intelligence. In just a few years In 2006, it also became an internationally renowned chip company.
In fact, as early as 2012, the United States announced that it would release a butterfly mining machine. However, this matter was later considered by many people to be a scam, because the butterfly mining machine was delayed for several years before being released. In the past few years, It has also made the research and development of mining machines in other countries very frightened, and they are all scrambling for time. In a sense, the butterfly mining machine can be regarded as driving the prosperity of the mining machine industry. So, by 2013, mining machines have entered a season of blooming, and a large number of ASIC mining machines have been proposed: either announced research and development, or announced pre-sale, or in the form of spot goods, appeared: roasted cat mining machine, Pigeon mining machine, TMR mining machine, Biter mining machine, Rand Mining Bureau, Little Bee mining machine, Avalon original factory and various OEMs, Garden mining machine, Smart mining machine, etc... maybe Everyone has never heard of these mining machines, because they are basically dead. The remaining ones, Bitmain, Canaan, and Yibang, have become mining machine giants.
However, as a derivative industry under the boom of the cryptocurrency market, the price of mining machines is closely related to the cryptocurrency market: in the bull market, mining machines are often in short supply., it is not uncommon for miners to pay several times higher prices to buy mining machines from "scalpers". At this time, mining machine manufacturers have entered a dividend period. But in a bear market, mining machine manufacturers will also be affected by some adverse effects. Miners' enthusiasm for mining wanes, and some manufacturers have to lower the price of mining machines to recover costs. For example, when Bitcoin plummeted in March this year, a certain model of mining machine sold by Huaqiangbei was sold at a price reduction of 5,000 yuan. The price dropped from about 19,000 yuan per unit to
14,000 yuan.
[Summary]
At this point, we can find that whether it is the project party, the exchange, the media, or the mining machine, it can be said to be a relationship in which “one prospers, one loses, and both suffer”. In the bull market, the project party gets financing to issue tokens, and then goes to the exchange. The exchange earns the listing fees and transaction fees. The increase in the token net worth also allows the project party to make another profit, and then finds the media to advertise, and the media earns Advertising fees, then the currency price will be high, the enthusiasm of miners will be high, and the mining machines will be sold well. But in the bear market, it is completely the opposite sign. Everyone is facing a cold winter, so this is a relationship of "one prosperes, one loses, and both suffer".
The currency circle is introduced here first, let’s introduce the chain circle next.
Section 2 Chain Circle
Chain circle refers to the circle that focuses on blockchain technology. Compared with the currency circle, the chain circle is quite low-key. However, without the technical support of the chain circle, the currency circle cannot exist. Therefore, the chain circle is often ignored, but in fact it is very important. The implementation of future blockchain scenarios will also rely on the technology of the chain circle as a support.
At present, the Chain Circle project mainly focuses on the aspect of data security in the supply chain. We mentioned at the beginning that Wal-Mart, Mastercard, IBM, and those giant automobile manufacturers are trying to use blockchain technology to solve some industry pain points involving data security, such as: the circulation safety of fresh food, vaccines Security, transaction data security, copyright protection, etc.
In terms of supply chain, the most typical example is the express delivery industry. SF Express is currently trying to use blockchain technology to solve pharmaceutical logistics safety. In addition, Alibaba is actively deploying blockchain in Xiongan New Area; Tencent, Internet, NetEase, and JD.com have developed a number of online games based on blockchain. Although these projects are not yet very mature, they have enriched the blockchain The business model provides some relatively broad imagination space.
When it comes to imagination, for the blockchain community, it actually mainly revolves around the topic of "Blockchain+": Blockchain+Finance, Blockchain+Insurance, Blockchain+Agriculture, Blockchain + entertainment, blockchain + artificial intelligence, blockchain + and any other industry... To put it bluntly, it is the implementation of blockchain scenarios. Turning these imaginations into reality is like spreading the Internet to thousands of households. The same as the household.
[Summary]
Blockchain, the underlying technology, was actually a currency system at first, serving Bitcoin, but as of today, this technology has evolvedIt has become an idea or method of change and innovation. These ideas and methods are indeed solutions to some pain points in the current Internet era.

❻ Blockchain has been hyped too much and many companies have been injured

Blockchain has been hyped too much and many companies have been hurt
According to CNBC, this week, At the Money 20/20 European fintech conference in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, I heard someone say that we are now in a blockchain hype cycle.
One representative said to another: "Whatever, let's call it a blockchain. That way, we'll get the money."
Whether it's a joke or not It doesn't matter if some people really think so. However, this statement highlights the reality that businesses large and small often use the term “blockchain” in the wrong way.
Blockchain is an accounting system for distributed storage of information. Its greatest feature is that it can establish a trust relationship without relying on the trust endorsement of a central platform in a network environment without a trust basis. Its practical application is as a virtual currency. Started by Bitcoin. However, the application of blockchain technology is not limited to virtual currencies. Currently, blockchain technology has been applied to a certain extent in financial supervision, data sharing, Internet of Vehicles and other fields, as well as in many scenarios such as Internet finance, banking, insurance, supply chain finance, clearing and settlement centers, etc.

Some companies just jump into the blockchain hype bandwagon without any regard for the consequences.
Many industries have begun to adopt the principles of this technology and will use it to solve their own problems. Some companies have conducted successful experiments. Meanwhile, some companies are simply jumping on the blockchain hype bandwagon, regardless of the consequences. A venture capitalist once told me that a company pitched blockchain to him, but the company had no practical application of the technology. The start-up did not raise funding.
Sadly, what I have heard and said is true to some extent. Let’s take a look at those listed companies that have added blockchain elements and seen their share prices climb. Take Longfin, a financial technology company listed on Nasdaq, as an example. The company acquired blockchain solution service provider Zid, The stock price soared 2000%. Blockchain concept e-commerce Overstock.com announced a big step towards blockchain. Even Eastman Kodak Company, which has a history of more than 100 years, has joined the cryptocurrency carnival party and announced the launch of its own cryptocurrency "Kodak Coin" to create a new platform for digital photography. (To me, it’s absolutely crazy that a manufacturer and supplier of imaging products and related services would launch a cryptocurrency.)
Of course, there are some companies that are doing very well with blockchain technology. There is no denying that this technology is very promising. Both ING and Spanish bank BBVA have told me that they believe blockchain could be commonplace within the banking industry within five years.
ExhaustDespite growing optimism about blockchain, we must face reality as there are still barriers to adoption of this technology. One of the major concerns is whether blockchain can span different industries and businesses. Currently, one bank may be using a certain blockchain solution, while another enterprise may be using a completely different blockchain solution. It’s unclear whether different blockchains can work together.
Also, there is the question of whether certain programs require blockchain.
Including the word blockchain in company names for the purpose of raising stock prices or raising funds is similar to the practices of some companies during the Internet bubble. We all know how the dot-com bubble ended.
According to reports, in early March, Nouriel Roubini, a world-renowned economist and professor of economics at New York University’s Stern School of Business, pointed out that the blockchain technology behind cryptocurrency is “the most hyped ever. One of the most excessive technologies”.
In January, Credit Suisse pointed out in a report that the blockchain will not truly mature until 2025. In this blockbuster report on cryptocurrency and blockchain, Credit Suisse divided the development of blockchain technology into seven stages, including "idea formation", "proof of concept", "prototype", "experimentation", "Production Parallel" and "Production". Among them, 2025 after the seventh phase of "production" will be the time for mainstream society to adopt blockchain.
In other words, it is still too early for blockchain to truly mature.